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Hu TG, Tan FX, Li L, An KJ, Zou B, Wen J, Wu JJ, Xiao GS, Yu YS, Xu YJ. Structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of litchi polysaccharide with the promoting effect on exopolysaccharide production by Weissella confusa. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126944. [PMID: 37722646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS), as a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, has been commonly used in the dairy industry to replace the traditional stabilizers. However, the EPS production by microorganism is generally low, which limits its application. A litchi polysaccharide (Lzp2-2) with the promoting effect on EPS production by Weissella confusa was purified. The SEM and FT-IR analysis indicated that Lzp2-2 displayed a compact netlike structure and typical bands of carbohydrates. The structure of Lzp2-2 was further elucidated, which was comprised of a major backbone structure [→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→] linked with two side chains [α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and β-D-Glcp-(1 → or α-L-Araf-(1→] at the O-3 and O-6) of β-D-Galp-(1→, respectively. Finally, Lzp2-2 was applied as an additive to the medium of yoghurt fermented by W. confusa. The results indicated Lzp2-2 not only promoted the EPS production to improve the viscosity, texture and mouthfeel of yoghurt, but also facilitated the generation of other secondary metabolites (volatile organic compounds), thus elevating the flavor of yoghurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Tan
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Ke-Jing An
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Bo Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Ji-Jun Wu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | | | - Yuan-Shan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Xu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China.
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Kanauchi O, Low ZX, Jounai K, Tsuji R, AbuBakar S. Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280680. [PMID: 38116008 PMCID: PMC10728489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant global changes and increased public awareness of SARS-CoV-2. Substantial progress in developing vaccines, enhancing sanitation practices, and implementing various measures to combat the virus, including the utilization of probiotics has been made. This comprehensive review examined the medical impact of clinically proven probiotics on infectious diseases, considering three crucial time periods: before (pre-), during (mid-), and after (post-) COVID-19 pandemic era. This review also showed a perspective on the use of probiotics to stimulate the innate immune system and prevent infectious diseases. In pre-COVID-19 era, several probiotic strains were found to be clinically effective in addressing gastrointestinal infectious diseases, the common cold and flu. However, the mechanism by which probiotics exerted their antiviral effects remained relatively unclear during that period. Nevertheless, probiotics, Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma), and others have gained attention for their unique ability to modulate the immune system and demonstrate antiviral properties. While some probiotics have shown promise in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms linked to COVID-19, their direct effectiveness in treating or preventing COVID-19 progression has not yet been conclusively established. As we transition into the post-COVID-19 era, the relationship between COVID-19 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, has been gradually elucidated. These findings are now being applied in developing novel vaccines and treatments involving interferons and in immune activation research using probiotics as adjuvants, comparable to CpG-DNA through TLR9. The role of the local innate immune system, including pDCs, as the first line of defense against viral infections has gained increasing interest. Moving forward, insight of the immune system and the crosstalk between probiotics and the innate immune system is expected to highlight the role of probiotics in adjunctive immunoregulatory therapy. In combination with drug treatments, probiotics may play a more substantial role in enhancing immune responses. The immunoregulatory approach using probiotics such as LC-Plasma, which can induce anti-infectious factors such as interferons, holds promise as a viable therapeutic and prophylactic option against viral infectious diseases due to their good safety profile and protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Zhao Xuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenta Jounai
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuji
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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SAITO S, OKUNO A, KAKIZAKI N, MAEKAWA T, TSUJI NM. <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> C60 induces macrophages activation that enhances CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:130-136. [PMID: 35854694 PMCID: PMC9246417 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris C60 is a probiotic
strain that induces diverse functional modifications in immune cells. In this report, as a
novel effect of C60 on myeloid lineage cells, we show that C60 enhances the immunological
function of macrophages that consequently promotes CD4+ T cell activity in an
antigen-dependent manner. Heat-killed (HK) C60 induced the production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TPMs) much stronger than
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation. The HK-C60 treatment also augmented the
expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules, such as major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80, and CD86, as well as antigen uptake in
TPMs. These HK-C60-mediated functional upregulations in TPMs resulted in the promotion of
CD4+ T cell activation in an antigen-dependent manner. Interestingly, the TPMs that
originated from the mice fed the HK-C60 diet showed pre-activated characteristics, which
was confirmed by the upregulation of cytokine production and antigen presentation-related
molecule expression under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the
antigen-dependent CD4+ T cell activation was also enhanced by the TPMs. This implied that
antigen presentation activity was enhanced in the TPMs that originated from the HK-C60
diet mice. Thus, C60 effectively upregulates the immunological function of macrophages
that directly connects to CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru SAITO
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Alato OKUNO
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Nanae KAKIZAKI
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Toshio MAEKAWA
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Noriko M. TSUJI
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
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Kwon H, Chae SH, Jung HJ, Shin HM, Ban OH, Yang J, Kim JH, Jeong JE, Jeon HM, Kang YW, Park CK, Won DD, Lee JK. The effect of probiotics supplementation in postoperative cancer patients: a prospective pilot study. Ann Surg Treat Res 2021; 101:281-290. [PMID: 34796144 PMCID: PMC8564079 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2021.101.5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microbiota manipulation through selected probiotics may be a promising tool to prevent cancer development as well as onset, to improve clinical efficacy for cancer treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in microbiota composition after-probiotics supplementation and assessed the efficacy of probiotics in improving quality of life (QOL) in postoperative cancer patients. Methods Stool samples were collected from 30 cancer patients from February to October 2020 before (group I) and after (group II) 8 weeks of probiotics supplementation. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to evaluate differences in gut microbiota between groups by comparing gut microbiota diversity, overall composition, and taxonomic signature abundance. The health-related QOL was evaluated through the EORTC Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 questionnaire. Results Statistically significant differences were noted in group II; increase of Shannon and Simpson index (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001), decrease of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria at the phylum level (P = 0.032 and P = 0.014, retrospectively), increased of beneficial bacteria such as Weissella (0.096% vs. 0.361%, P < 0.004), Lactococcus (0.023% vs. 0.16%, P < 0.001), and Catenibacterium (0.0% vs. 0.005%, P < 0.042) at the genus level. There was a significant improvement in sleep disturbance (P = 0.039) in group II. Conclusion Gut microbiota in cancer patients can be manipulated by specific probiotic strains, result in an altered microbiota. Microbiota modulation by probiotics can be considered as part of a supplement that helps to increase gut microbiota diversity and improve QOL in cancer patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Kwon
- Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Immunology Laboratory, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Hwa Chae
- Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Immunology Laboratory, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Jung
- Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Immunology Laboratory, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Min Shin
- Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Immunology Laboratory, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jung Ha Kim
- Cancer Immune Clinic, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jeong
- Cancer Immune Clinic, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Myung Jeon
- Cancer Genomic Research Institute, Immunology Laboratory, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Immune Clinic, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Won Kang
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kum Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeyoun David Won
- Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Cancer Immune Clinic, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Pelvic Floor Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S. Oral microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis: what do we know and where next? BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33663382 PMCID: PMC7934379 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies causing death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is a powerful inducer of precancerous lesions and GC. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and resisting pathogens. It has been proposed that the gastric microbiota of oral origin is involved in the development and progression of GC. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between oral microbiota and GC and the role of H. pylori in this relationship is still controversial. This study was set to review the investigations done on oral microbiota and analyze various lines of evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in GC, to date. Also, we discussed the interaction and relationship between H. pylori and oral microbiota in GC and the current understanding with regard to the underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota in carcinogenesis. More importantly, detecting the patterns of interaction between the oral cavity microbiota and H. pylori may render new clues for the diagnosis or screening of cancer. Integration of oral microbiota and H. pylori might manifest a potential method for the assessment of GC risk. Hence it needs to be specified the patterns of bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the stomach and their interaction. Further evidence on the mechanisms underlying the oral microbiota communities and how they trigger GC may contribute to the identification of new prevention methods for GC. We may then modulate the oral microbiota by intervening with oral-gastric bacterial transmission or controlling certain bacteria in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
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Chen XH, Wang A, Chu AN, Gong YH, Yuan Y. Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Gastric Cancer Tissues Compared With Non-cancer Tissues. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1261. [PMID: 31231345 PMCID: PMC6560205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between microbiota and gastric cancer (GC) has attracted widespread attention. However, the phylogenetic profiles of niche-specific microbiota in the tumor microenvironment is still unclear. Here, mucosa-associated microorganisms from 62 pairs of matched GC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Functional profiles of the microbiota were predicted using PICRUSt, and a co-occurrence network was constructed to analyze interactions among gastric microbiota. Results demonstrated that mucosa-associated microbiota from cancerous and non-cancerous tissues established micro-ecological systems that differed in composition, structure, interaction networks, and functions. Microbial richness and diversity were increased in cancerous tissues, with the co-occurrence network exhibiting greater complexity compared with that in non-cancerous tissue. The bacterial taxa enriched in the cancer samples were predominantly represented by oral bacteria (such as Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium), while lactic acid-producing bacteria (such as Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus brevis) were more abundant in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Colonization by Helicobacter pylori, which is a GC risk factor, also impacted the structure of the microbiota. Enhanced bacterial purine metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and denitrification functions were predicted in the cancer associated microbial communities, which was consistent with the increased energy metabolism and concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the microbial co-occurrence networks in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of GC patients were described for the first time. And differential taxa and functions between the two groups were identified. Changes in the abundance of certain bacterial taxa, especially oral microbiota, may play a role in the maintenance of the local microenvironment, which is associated with the development or progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ang Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ai-Ning Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Hua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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