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Thu MM, Chaiammart N, Jongprateep O, Techapiesancharoenkij R, Thant AA, Saito N, Panomsuwan G. Introducing micropores into carbon nanoparticles synthesized via a solution plasma process by thermal treatment and their charge storage properties in supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16136-16144. [PMID: 37305444 PMCID: PMC10248543 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon materials synthesized via a solution plasma process (SPP) have recently shown great potential for various applications. However, they mainly possess a meso-macroporous structure with a lack of micropores, which limits their applications for supercapacitors. Herein, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized from benzene via SPP and then subjected to thermal treatment at different temperatures (400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C) in an argon environment. The CNPs exhibited an amorphous phase and were more graphitized at high treatment temperatures. A small content of tungsten carbide particles was also observed, which were encapsulated in CNPs. An increase in treatment temperature led to an increase in the specific surface area of CNPs from 184 to 260 m2 g-1 through the development of micropores, while their meso-macropore structure remained unchanged. The oxygen content of CNPs decreased from 14.72 to 1.20 atom% as the treatment temperature increased due to the degradation of oxygen functionality. The charge storage properties of CNPs were evaluated for supercapacitor applications by electrochemical measurements using a three-electrode system in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The CNPs treated at low temperatures exhibited an electric double layer and pseudocapacitive behavior due to the presence of quinone groups on the carbon surface. With increasing treatment temperature, the electric double layer behavior became more dominant, while pseudocapacitive behavior was suppressed due to the quinone degradation. Regarding cycling stability, the CNPs treated at high temperatures (with a lack of oxygen functionality) were more stable than those treated at low temperatures. This work highlights a way of introducing micropores into CNPs derived from SPP via thermal treatment, which could be helpful for controlling and adjusting their pore structure for supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Myo Thu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- ICE-Matter Consortium, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Nattapat Chaiammart
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Oratai Jongprateep
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- ICE-Matter Consortium, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- ICE-Matter Consortium, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Aye Aye Thant
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yangon Yangon 11041 Myanmar
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Gasidit Panomsuwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
- ICE-Matter Consortium, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Azam K, Shezad N, Shafiq I, Akhter P, Akhtar F, Jamil F, Shafique S, Park YK, Hussain M. A review on activated carbon modifications for the treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135566. [PMID: 35787877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polluted water resources, particularly those polluted with industrial effluents' dyes, are carcinogenic and hence pose a severe threat to sustainable and longstanding worldwide development. Meanwhile, adsorption is a promising process for polluted/wastewater treatment. In particular, activated carbon (AC) is popular among various wastewater treatment adsorbents, especially in the organic contaminants' remediation in wastewater. Hence, the AC's synthesis from degradable and non-degradable resources, the carbon activation involved in the AC synthesis, and the AC's modification to cutting-edge and effective materials have been modern-research targets in recent years. Likewise, the main research focuses worldwide have been the salient AC characteristics, such as its surface chemistry, porosity, and enhanced surface area. Notably, various modified-AC synthesis methods have been employed to enhance the AC's potential for improved contaminants-removal. Hence, we critically analyze the different modified ACs (with enhanced (surface) functional groups and textural properties) of their capacity to remove different-natured anionic dyes in wastewater. We also discuss the corresponding AC modification techniques, the factors affecting the AC properties, and the modifying agents' influence on the AC's morphological/adsorptive properties. Finally, the AC research of future interest has been proposed by identifying the current AC research gaps, especially related to the AC's application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshaf Azam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Shezad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Iqrash Shafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parveen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumeer Shafique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murid Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Wang H, Liang Z, Liu C, Zhu L, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yan B. Construction of K and Tb Co-doped MnO 2 nanoparticles for enhanced oxidation and detoxication of organic dye waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134104. [PMID: 35218779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-cost and efficient materials for dye pollutant removal under mild condition remains a great challenge. Here K+ and Tb3+ co-doped porous MnO2 (K-Tb-MnO2) nanoparticles with tailored properties including crystal structure, surface area and catalytic activity have been synthesized. Experimental results reveal that K-Tb-MnO2 nanoparticle has higher specific surface area, Mn3+ content and surface oxygen vacancies than pristine MnO2 nanoparticle and single-doped MnO2 materials, showing the uniqueness of dual-doped metal ions. Using methyl blue (MB) as a model pollutant, its removal efficiency by K-Tb-MnO2 nanoparticles within 5 min is 93.6%, which is 18, 8.3, and 2.9 times higher than that of MnO2, K-MnO2, and Tb-MnO2 nanomaterials, respectively. Oxalic acid triggered MnO2 material dissolving assay and FT-IR spectrum suggested that remarkable performance of K-Tb-MnO2 nanoparticle toward MB removal can be attributed to a combined effect of adsorption (16% MB removal) and catalytic degradation (84% MB removal). Moreover, K-Tb-MnO2 nanoparticle mediated MB degradation is demonstrated to be a combination of non-radical oxidation by Mn3+ and radical-participated degradation, with 1O2 as the main species. And the intermediates and pathways of MB degradation were studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Importantly, cell viability experiment suggests that the toxicity of MB dye could be efficiently alleviated after the treatment with K-Tb-MnO2 nanoparticle. These results demonstrate the great potential of the novel K-Tb-MnO2 particles to be used as a highly effective nanomaterials to reduce the risk of dye wastes toward the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhenda Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lishan Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Saleh TA, Tuzen M, Sarı A. Evaluation of poly(ethylene diamine-trimesoyl chloride)-modified diatomite as efficient adsorbent for removal of rhodamine B from wastewater samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55655-55666. [PMID: 34138426 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatomite (D) as a low-cost and eco-friendly clay was modified by ethylene diamine (EDA)-trimesoyl chloride (TMC) polymer to achieve a novel adsorbent for efficient removal of rhodamine B dye (RB) from wastewater samples. The EDA-TMC polymer was grafted to the surface of diatomite by in situ interfacial polymerization. The prepared p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDX techniques. The effective experimental parameters on the adsorption performance were optimized with factorial design analysis. The equilibrium data were better correlated by non-linear Langmuir model compared to non-linear Freundlich model. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was determined as 371.8 mg g-1. The key adsorption parameters were optimized by experimental design analysis. The kinetic findings showed the adsorption mechanism of RB onto p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was well designated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic results indicate that the RB adsorption had an exothermic character in thermal nature and was less favorable with increasing temperature from 20 to 60 °C. Furthermore, the adsorption/desorption yield of p(EDA-TMC)/D was still 80%/70% after 5th cycle and reduced to 60%/52% at the end of 8th cycle. Thus, the present study revealed that the developed p(EDA-TMC)/D composite had great adsorption potential for removal of RB from wastewater samples compared to that of different kinds of adsorbents reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Mineral, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey.
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmet Sarı
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CORERE), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Boonyeun N, Rujiravanit R, Saito N. Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Multicomponent Nanoparticles Containing Carbon, Tungsten Carbide and Silver as Multifunctional Filler for Polylactic Acid Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13070991. [PMID: 33804863 PMCID: PMC8037156 DOI: 10.3390/polym13070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent nanoparticles containing carbon, tungsten carbide and silver (carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles) were simply synthesized via in-liquid electrical discharge plasma, the so-called solution plasma process, by using tungsten electrodes immersed in palm oil containing droplets of AgNO3 solution as carbon and silver precursors, respectively. The atomic ratio of carbon:W:Ag in carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles was 20:1:3. FE-SEM images revealed that the synthesized carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles with particle sizes in the range of 20–400 nm had a spherical shape with a bumpy surface. TEM images of carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles showed that tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WCNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with average particle sizes of 3.46 nm and 72.74 nm, respectively, were dispersed in amorphous carbon. The carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles were used as multifunctional fillers for the preparation of polylactic acid (PLA) composite films, i.e., PLA/carbon-WC-Ag, by solution casting. Interestingly, the coexistence of WCNPs and AgNPs in carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles provided a benefit for the co-nucleation ability of WCNPs and AgNPs, resulting in enhanced crystallization of PLA, as evidenced by the reduction in the cold crystallization temperature of PLA. At the low content of 1.23 wt% carbon-WC-Ag nanoparticles, the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of PLA/carbon-WC-Ag composite films were increased to 25.12% and 46.08%, respectively. Moreover, the PLA/carbon-WC-Ag composite films possessed antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichapat Boonyeun
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratana Rujiravanit
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-4132
| | - Nagahiro Saito
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
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Hong Y, Jin HJ, Kwak HW. Nitrogen-Rich Magnetic Bio-Activated Carbon from Sericin: A Fast Removable and Easily Separable Superadsorbent for Anionic Dye Removal. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Synthesis, characterization, and regeneration of an inorganic-organic nanocomposite (ZnO@biomass) and its application in the capture of cationic dye. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14441. [PMID: 32879352 PMCID: PMC7468233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficiency of ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) composite adsorbents in the adsorption of various pollutants, there is presently no report on the combo of ZnONPs with biomass for adsorption. Besides, there is a dearth of information on the biosorption of celestine blue (CEB), a dye used in the nuclear and textile industry. In this study, biogenic-chemically mediated synthesis of a composite (ZnO@ACP) was prepared by the impregnation of ZnONPs onto Ananas comosus waste (ACP) for the adsorption of CEB. The SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, and TGA characterizations showed the successful presence of ZnONPs on the biomass to form a nanocomposite. The uptake of CEB was enhanced by the incorporation of ZnONPs on ACP. A faster CEB adsorption onto ZnO@ACP (120 min) compared to ACP (160 min) was observed. The Langmuir (R2 > 0.9898) and pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.9518) models were most appropriate in the description of the adsorption process. The impregnation of ZnONPs onto the biomass enhanced the spontaneity of the process and displayed endothermic characteristics. High CEB desorption of 81.3% from the dye loaded ZnO@ACP as well as efficient reusability showed the efficacy of the prepared nanocomposite for CEB adsorption.
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Gusain R, Gupta K, Joshi P, Khatri OP. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 272:102009. [PMID: 31445351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanomaterials and their composites are comprehensively reviewed for water remediation. The controlled morphological and textural features, variable surface chemistry, high surface area, specific crystalline nature, and abundant availability make the nanostructured metal oxides and their composites highly selective materials for efficient removal of organic pollutants based on adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. A wide range of metal oxides like iron oxides, magnesium oxide, titanium oxides, zinc oxides, tungsten oxides, copper oxides, metal oxides composites, and graphene-metal oxides composites having variable structural, crystalline and morphological features are reviewed emphasizing the recent development, challenges, and opportunities for adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants viz. dyes, pesticides, phenolic compounds, and so on. It also covers the deep discussion on the photocatalytic mechanism of metal oxides and their composites along with the properties relevant to photocatalysis. High photodegradation efficiency, economically-viable approaches for the preparation of photocatalytic materials, and controlled band-gap engineering make metal oxides highly efficient photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. The review would be an excellent resource for researchers who are currently focusing on metal oxides-based materials for water remediation as well as for those who are interested in adsorptive and photocatalytic applications of metal oxides and their composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Gusain
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Kanika Gupta
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pratiksha Joshi
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Om P Khatri
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sharifpour E, Alipanahpour Dil E, Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Goudarzi A. Optimizing adsorptive removal of malachite green and methyl orange dyes from simulated wastewater by Mn-doped CuO-Nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon using CCD-RSM: Mechanism, regeneration, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Sharifpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Yasuj University of Medical Sciences; Yasuj Iran
| | | | - Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research Center; Yasuj University of Medical Sciences; Yasuj Iran
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Chemistry Department; Yasouj University; Yasouj 75918-74831 Iran
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Golestan University; Gorgan 49188-88369 Iran
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Wang S, Wang C, Liu Y, Al-Khalaf AA, Hozzein WN, Duan L, Li W, Zhao D. Magnetic mesoporous TiO2 microspheres for sustainable arsenate removal from acidic environments. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unique magnetic mesoporous TiO2 microspheres exhibit superior arsenate removal performance and high stability in acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Yupu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | | | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair
- Zoology Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Linlin Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
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