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Jin L, Khajehtourian R, Mueller J, Rafsanjani A, Tournat V, Bertoldi K, Kochmann DM. Guided transition waves in multistable mechanical metamaterials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2319-2325. [PMID: 31969454 PMCID: PMC7007517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913228117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition fronts, moving through solids and fluids in the form of propagating domain or phase boundaries, have recently been mimicked at the structural level in bistable architectures. What has been limited to simple one-dimensional (1D) examples is here cast into a blueprint for higher dimensions, demonstrated through 2D experiments and described by a continuum mechanical model that draws inspiration from phase transition theory in crystalline solids. Unlike materials, the presented structural analogs admit precise control of the transition wave's direction, shape, and velocity through spatially tailoring the underlying periodic network architecture (locally varying the shape or stiffness of the fundamental building blocks, and exploiting interactions of transition fronts with lattice defects such as point defects and free surfaces). The outcome is a predictable and programmable strongly nonlinear metamaterial motion with potential for, for example, propulsion in soft robotics, morphing surfaces, reconfigurable devices, mechanical logic, and controlled energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Jin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Romik Khajehtourian
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Mueller
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Ahmad Rafsanjani
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Tournat
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, CNRS UMR 6613, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Kavli Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Dennis M Kochmann
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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