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Abu-Serie MM, Osuka S, Heikal LA, Teleb M, Barakat A, Dudeja V. Diethyldithiocarbamate-ferrous oxide nanoparticles inhibit human and mouse glioblastoma stemness: aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 suppression and ferroptosis induction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363511. [PMID: 38720782 PMCID: PMC11076782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of effective therapy for eradicating glioblastoma stem cells remains a major challenge due to their aggressive growth, chemoresistance and radioresistance which are mainly conferred by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1A1. The latter is the main stemness mediator via enhancing signaling pathways of Wnt/β-catenin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, and hypoxia. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 mediates therapeutic resistance by inactivating drugs, stimulating the expression of drug efflux transporters, and detoxifying reactive radical species, thereby apoptosis arresting. Recent reports disclosed the potent and broad-spectrum anticancer activities of the unique nanocomplexes of diethyldithiocarbamate (DE, ALDH1A1 inhibitor) with ferrous oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) mainly conferred by inducing lipid peroxidation-dependent non-apoptotic pathways (iron accumulation-triggered ferroptosis), was reported. Accordingly, the anti-stemness activity of nanocomplexes (DE-FeO NPs) was investigated against human and mouse glioma stem cells (GSCs) and radioresistant GSCs (GSCs-RR). DE-FeO NPs exhibited the strongest growth inhibition effect on the treated human GSCs (MGG18 and JX39P), mouse GSCs (GS and PDGF-GSC) and their radioresistant cells (IC50 ≤ 70 and 161 μg/mL, respectively). DE-FeO NPs also revealed a higher inhibitory impact than standard chemotherapy (temozolomide, TMZ) on self-renewal, cancer repopulation, chemoresistance, and radioresistance potentials. Besides, DE-FeO NPs surpassed TMZ regarding the effect on relative expression of all studied stemness genes, as well as relative p-AKT/AKT ratio in the treated MGG18, GS and their radioresistant (MGG18-RR and GS-RR). This potent anti-stemness influence is primarily attributed to ALDH1A1 inhibition and ferroptosis induction, as confirmed by significant elevation of cellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation with significant depletion of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4. DE-FeO NPs recorded the optimal LogP value for crossing the blood brain barrier. This in vitro novel study declared the potency of DE-FeO NPs for collapsing GSCs and GSCs-RR with improving their sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, indicating that DE-FeO NPs may be a promising remedy for GBM. Glioma animal models will be needed for in-depth studies on its safe effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lamiaa A. Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
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Abu-Serie MM. Synergistic eradicating impact of 5-fluouracil with FeO nanoparticles-diethyldithiocarbamate in colon cancer spheroids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:979-994. [PMID: 38578787 PMCID: PMC11221372 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells' (CSCs) resistance to 5-fluorouracil (Fu), which is the main obstacle in treating colon cancer (CC), can be overcome by ferroptosis. The latter, herein, can be triggered by FeO nanoparticles (inducer of iron accumulation) and diethyldithiocarbamate-inhibited glutathione system and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1-maintained stemness, therapeutic resistance and metastasis). Materials & methods: Nanocomplex of FeO nanoparticles and diethyldithiocarbamate (FD) was used in combination with Fu to investigate its potential synergistic anti-CSC influence using CC spheroid models. Results: In Fu + FD-treated spheroids, the strongest growth inhibition, the highest cell death percentage, and the lowest CD133+-CSCs percentage and stemness gene expressions (e.g., drug efflux transporter), and the strongest antimetastatic effect were recorded with high synergistic indexes. Conclusion: Fu + FD represents effective combination therapy for chemoresistant CC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Li Y, Zou H, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Hu H, Wu W, Wang T. Advances in the Study of Bioactive Nanoparticles for the Treatment of HCC and Its Postoperative Residual Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2721-2735. [PMID: 37250475 PMCID: PMC10216871 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s399146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma) is the third leading cause of tumor death in the world and the second leading cause in China. The high recurrence rate at 5 years after surgery also seriously affects the long-term survival of HCC patients. For reasons such as poor liver function, large tumors, or vascular invasion, only relatively limited palliative treatment is available. Therefore, effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the complex microenvironment and block the mechanism of tumor development in order to treat the tumor and prevent recurrence. A variety of bioactive nanoparticles have been shown to have therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma and have the advantages of improving drug solubility, reducing drug side effects, preventing degradation in the blood, increasing drug exposure time, and reducing drug resistance. The development of bioactive nanoparticles is expected to complete the current clinical therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic advances of different nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss their potential for postoperative applications with respect to possible mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. We further discuss the limitations regarding the application of NPs and the safety of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Li
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Dalian Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zheng
- Dalian Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoheng Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Dalian Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou S, Zhou X, Jiang Z, Ma J, Li Y, Qian Z, Li H. The Mechanism of SNHG8/Microrna-421-3p/Sorting Nexin 8 Axis on Dopaminergic Neurons in Substantia Nigra in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:942-955. [PMID: 36401052 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the aging population. Particularly, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play vital roles in PD, while the role of lncRNA SNHG8 in PD remains to be further explored. C57BL/6 mice were induced by rotenone to establish a PD model in vivo, and then the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal damage and locomotor dysfunction in rotenone-treated mice were evaluated. Murine DA cell line MN9D was treated with rotenone to establish a cellular PD model in vitro. Then, the viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in rotenone-treated MN9D cells were assessed. Expression levels of SNHG8, microRNA-421-3p (miR-421-3p), and sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice and rotenone-treated MN9D cells were detected. The interaction between SNHG8 and miR-421-3p, and the targeting relationship between SNX8 and miR-421-3p were confirmed. SNHG8 and SNX8 expression levels were decreased while miR-421-3p expression level was increased in the SN of PD mice and rotenone-treated MN9D cells. Upregulated SNHG8 ameliorated dopaminergic neuron damage and locomotor dysfunction in PD mice. Meanwhile, upregulated SNHG8 enhanced viability, diminished apoptosis, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in rotenone-treated MN9D cells. Mechanistically, SNHG8 bound to miR-421-3p, and miR-421-3p targeted SNX8. Overexpressed SNHG8 downregulates miR-421-3p to alleviate rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuron injury in PD via upregulating SNX8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhou
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Outpatient Department, Zhejiang Armed Police Corps Hospital, No.86 Jiangnan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinrong Ma
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Li
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Center, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No.2828 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
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Abu-Serie MM. Targeted ferroptotic potency of ferrous oxide nanoparticles-diethyldithiocarbamate nanocomplex on the metastatic liver cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1089667. [PMID: 36686682 PMCID: PMC9847675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1089667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing treatments are frequently ineffective in combating liver cancer (LC) due to its rapid growth, high metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. Thus, inducing ferroptosis, a new non-apoptotic regulated cell death-dependent massive iron overload-mediated lipid peroxidation, is an alternative effective approach for treating LC. The efficient trigger of ferroptosis requires blocking cellular antioxidant (anti-ferroptosis) response and selectivity to avoid harming other healthy tissues. In this study, green chemically synthesized ferrous oxide nanoparticles (F(II) NPs) were used for enhancing selective iron accumulation in tumor tissue, while diethyldithiocarbamate (DE) was for inhibiting the antioxidant system (glutathione and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2) which protects the tumor from damage-dependent lipid peroxides. Thus, F(II) NPs were used with DE as nanocomplex (DF(II) NPs) and its anti-LC activity compared to ferrous oxide DF(II). DF(II) NPs outperformed the typical complex of DF(II) in eradicating metastatic LC cells in HepG2 cells and a chemically induced metastatic LC animal model, as evidenced by flow cytometry, histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and α-fetoprotein depletion. The superior therapeutic potency-dependent ferroptotic activity of DF(II) NPs, attributed to their higher selective accumulation (∼77%) than DF(II) in tumor tissues (liver and lung), resulted in a strong elevation of cellular lipid peroxidation with extreme suppression of nuclear related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional activity, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4, and ALDH2. Subsequently, a severe inhibition in the expression of oncogenes and metastatic cancer stem cell genes was recorded in DF(II) NPs-treated LC animal group. In contrast to DF(II), DF(II) NPs were able to normalize liver functions and did not show any variations in hematological and histological parameters in the blood and tissues of DF(II) NPs-treated normal mouse group. These findings validate the potency and safety of DF(II) nanocomplex as a promising nanodrug for combating metastatic LC.
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Sun Y, Li B, Cao Q, Liu T, Li J. Targeting cancer stem cells with polymer nanoparticles for gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:489. [PMID: 36182897 PMCID: PMC9526954 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are developing rapidly in the medical field, bringing new hope for treating various refractory diseases. Among them, polymer nanomaterials, with their excellent properties, have been used to treat various diseases, such as malignant tumors, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. Gastrointestinal cancer is among the cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer stem cells are believed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This article summarizes the characteristics of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells and reviews the latest research progress in treating gastrointestinal malignant tumors using polymer nanoparticles to target cancer stem cells. In addition, the review article highlights the potential of polymer nanoparticles in targeting gastrointestinal cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Anti-metastatic breast cancer potential of novel nanocomplexes of diethyldithiocarbamate and green chemically synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122208. [PMID: 36122615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rate of metastatic breast cancer is linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs)' aggressive features (chemoresistance to apoptosis and redox imbalance). Therefore, unique dual therapeutic strategy compacts CSCs with inducing oxidative stress-mediated nonapoptosis (ferroptosis), confers effective malignant tumor eradication. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) is a potent inhibitor of CSC aldehyde dehydrogenase and lowers glutathione (GSH) which aggravate iron-dependent ferroptosis. Herein, nanoformulations of DDC with green chemically synthesized ferrous oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3 NPs) were prepared. Due to nanoparticle characters and synergistic effect between iron oxide NPs and DDC, nanocomplexes (DFeO NPs and DFe2O3 NPs, respectively) exhibited the strongest anti-metastatic cancer potency in vitro. Because of corresponding iron oxide nature, DFeO NPs demonstrated better therapeutic efficacy than DFe4O3 NPs, in mammary tumor liver metastasis-bearing mice, in terms of tumor size, histological analysis, immunostaining % of ki-67+ and caspase 3+, and gene expression of p53 and BCl2. The potent anti-tumor effect of DFeO nanocomplex is attributed to the maximum elevation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (ferroptosis hall marker) with severe depletion of GSH and Nrf2 selectively in both tumor tissues, causing CSC eradication with halting metastatic activity. The latters were confirmed by lowering CD44+ % and gene expression of HIF-α, β-catenin, Notch, ABCG2-mediated chemoresistance, and MMP9 with diminishing liver tumor marker. Moreover, this nanocomplex did not cause any abnormal alterations in histological and biochemical parameters, compared to healthy group. Therefore, the selective apoptotic and ferroptotic with anti-CSC effects of DFeO NPs open new safe avenue for metastatic tumor therapy.
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Kang S, Bo Y, Yang D, Wu G, Yang X, Wei J, Zhao G, An M, Zhao L. Tandem mass tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the effects of Guri Gumu-13 pill on drug-induced liver injury. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Diethyldithiocarbamate/silk fibroin/polyethylene oxide nanofibrous for cancer therapy: Fabrication, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:293-299. [PMID: 34656539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a serious disease threatening human health. To tackle this issue, developing the existing potent anticancer drugs is critical to reducing the time and cost associated with creating a new drug from scratch. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) - an anticancer drug- has received considerable attention due to its selectivity and reactivity. In this study, we prepared a nanofibrous matrix from silk fibroin/polyethylene oxide loaded with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC@SF/PEO) from an aqueous solution via an electrospinning process. Upon DDC incorporation, the nanofiber's diameter has increased from 450 nm (SF/PEO) to 1202 nm (DDC@SF/PEO) confirming the successful incorporation of DDC. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of DDC@SF/PEO nanofibrous matrix was improved by turning SF structure from random coil (silk I) to β-sheet (silk II) through ethanol vapor treatment. Biocompatibility of DDC@SF/PEO nanofibrous matrix on human normal cells (Wi-38) showed it was safe and the apoptosis-mediated anticancer activity of DDC was enhanced. Thus, loading DDC on SF/PEO nanofibrous matrix is the key descriptor for enhanced anticancer efficacy of DDC. Considering the all-aqueous and simplistic process, the DDC@SF/PEO nanofibrous matrix could be a promising candidate for cancer treatment applications.
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Chowdhury MMH, Salazar CJJ, Nurunnabi M. Recent advances in bionanomaterials for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4821-4842. [PMID: 34032223 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer associated with death worldwide. It demands effective treatment and diagnostic strategies to hinder its recurrence, complexities, aggressive metastasis and late diagnosis. With recent progress in nanotechnology, several nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have entered into clinical trials. With further developments in nanoparticle mediated liver cancer diagnosis and treatment, the approach holds promise for improved clinical liver cancer management. In this review, we discuss the key advances in nanoparticles that have potential for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss the potential of nanoparticles to overcome the limitations of existing therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mehadi Hassan Chowdhury
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurnponds, Vic-3216, Australia and Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA. and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79902, USA and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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El-Wakil MH, Meheissen MA, Abu-Serie MM. Nitrofurazone repurposing towards design and synthesis of novel apoptotic-dependent anticancer and antimicrobial agents: Biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104971. [PMID: 34051413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing has gained much attention as a cost-effective strategy that plays an exquisite role in identifying undescribed biological activities in clinical drugs. In the present work, we report the repurposing of the antibacterial drug nitrofurazone (NFZ) as a potential anticancer agent against CaCo-2, MDA-MB 231 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines. Novel series of nitrofurazone analogs were then designed considering the important pharmacologic features present in NFZ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the target compounds revealed their promising anticancer activities endowed with antimicrobial potential and possessing better lipophilicity than NFZ. Compound 7, exclusively, inhibited the growth of all tested cancer cells more potently than NFZ with the least cytotoxicity against normal cells, displaying anti Gram-positive bacterial activities and antifungal potential. Analysis of the stereo-electronic properties of compound 7 via investigating the energies of HOMO, LUMO, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and MEP maps demonstrated its high reactivity and the expected molecular mechanism of action through reduction of the 5-nitrofuryl moiety. Data of the bioactivity studies indicated that the potent anticancer activity of 7 is mainly through increasing intracellular ROS levels and induction of apoptosis via significantly down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 while up-regulating BAX, p53 and caspase 3 expression levels. Compound 7 potently inhibited the cellular expression levels of antioxidant enzymes GPx1 and GR compared to NFZ. Antioxidant enzymes kinetic studies and blind molecular docking simulations disclosed the mechanistic and structural aspects of the interaction between 7 and both GR and GPx1. Thus, the successful discovery of 7 as a potential dual anticancer-antimicrobial nitrofurazone analog might validate the applicability of drug repurposing strategy in unravelling the unrecognized bioactivity of the present conventional drugs, besides furnishing the way towards more optimization and development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H El-Wakil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Ahmed Meheissen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
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Pilch J, Kowalik P, Bujak P, Nowicka AM, Augustin E. Quantum Dots as a Good Carriers of Unsymmetrical Bisacridines for Modulating Cellular Uptake and the Biological Response in Lung and Colon Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:462. [PMID: 33670297 PMCID: PMC7917955 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery provides a promising area for improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. Therefore, we investigate the potential of using quantum dots (QDs) as drug carriers for antitumor unsymmetrical bisacridine derivatives (UAs) to cancer cells. We examine the influence of QD-UA hybrids on the cellular uptake, internalization (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope), and the biological response (flow cytometry and light microscopy) in lung H460 and colon HCT116 cancer cells. We show the time-dependent cellular uptake of QD-UA hybrids, which were more efficiently retained inside the cells compared to UAs alone, especially in H460 cells, which could be due to multiple endocytosis pathways. In contrast, in HCT116 cells, the hybrids were taken up only by one endocytosis mechanism. Both UAs and their hybrids induced apoptosis in H460 and HCT116 cells (to a greater extent in H460). Cells which did not die underwent senescence more efficiently following QDs-UAs treatment, compared to UAs alone. Cellular senescence was not observed in HCT116 cells following treatment with both UAs and their hybrids. Importantly, QDgreen/red themselves did not provoke toxic responses in cancer or normal cells. In conclusion, QDs are good candidates for targeted UA delivery carriers to cancer cells while protecting normal cells from toxic drug activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pilch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.M.N.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna M. Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Ewa Augustin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Zulkifli NI, Muhamad M, Mohamad Zain NN, Tan WN, Yahaya N, Bustami Y, Abdul Aziz A, Nik Mohamed Kamal NNS. A Bottom-Up Synthesis Approach to Silver Nanoparticles Induces Anti-Proliferative and Apoptotic Activities Against MCF-7, MCF-7/TAMR-1 and MCF-10A Human Breast Cell Lines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184332. [PMID: 32971740 PMCID: PMC7570564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bottom-up approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-GA) phytomediated by Garcinia atroviridis leaf extract is described. Under optimized conditions, the AgNPs-GA were synthesized at a concentration of 0.1 M silver salt and 10% (w/v) leaf extract, 1:4 mixing ratio of reactants, pH 3, temperature 32 °C and 72 h reaction time. The AgNPs-GA were characterized by various analytical techniques and their size was determined to be 5–30 nm. FTIR spectroscopy indicates the role of phenolic functional groups in the reduction of silver ions into AgNPs-GA and in supporting their subsequent stability. The UV-Visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 450 nm which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs-GA and further supports the stability of these biosynthesized nanoparticles. SEM, TEM and XRD diffractogram analyses indicate that AgNPs-GA were spherical and face-centered-cubic in shape. This study also describes the efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs-GA as anti-proliferative agent against human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1. Our findings indicate that AgNPs-GA possess significant anti-proliferative effects against both the MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 cell lines, with inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50 values) of 2.0 and 34.0 µg/mL, respectively, after 72 h of treatment. An induction of apoptosis was evidenced by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Therefore, AgNPs-GA exhibited its anti-proliferative activity via apoptosis on MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR-1 breast cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, the leaf extract from Garcinia atroviridis was found to be highly capable of producing AgNPs-GA with favourable physicochemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Zulkifli
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia; (N.I.Z.); (M.M.); (N.N.M.Z.); (N.Y.)
| | - Musthahimah Muhamad
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia; (N.I.Z.); (M.M.); (N.N.M.Z.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia; (N.I.Z.); (M.M.); (N.N.M.Z.); (N.Y.)
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia; (N.I.Z.); (M.M.); (N.N.M.Z.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia; (N.I.Z.); (M.M.); (N.N.M.Z.); (N.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4562-2413
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14
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Yousef EH, El-Mesery ME, Habeeb MR, Eissa LA. Polo-like kinase 1 as a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320914475. [PMID: 32252611 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320914475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma depends mainly on its early diagnosis. To date, the performance of traditional biomarkers is unsatisfactory. Polo-like kinase 1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays essential roles in cell cycle progression and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Moreover, polo-like kinase 1 knockdown decreases the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells; therefore, polo-like kinase 1 is an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Nobiletin, a natural polymethoxy flavonoid, exhibits a potential antiproliferative effect against a wide variety of cancers. This study targets to identify a reliable diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a potential therapeutic target for its treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 levels were analyzed in 44 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 33 non-hepatocellular carcinoma liver cirrhosis patients and 15 healthy controls using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to establish a predictive model for polo-like kinase 1 relative to α-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Furthermore, in the in vitro study, gene expressions were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines after treatment with doxorubicin and polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor volasertib (Vola) either alone or in combination with nobiletin. Cell viability was also determined using the crystal violet assay.: Serum polo-like kinase 1 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher than liver cirrhosis and control groups (p < 0.0001). Polo-like kinase 1 showed a reasonable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Moreover, nobiletin improved inhibition of cell growth induced by Vola and doxorubicin. Regarding reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results, nobiletin suppressed expressions of polo-like kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and elevated expressions of P53, poly (ADPribose) polymerase 1, and caspase-3. Nobiletin/doxorubicin and nobiletin/Vola showed a significant increase in caspase-3 activity indicating cell apoptosis. Polo-like kinase 1 may be a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and follow-up during treatment with chemotherapies. In addition, nobiletin synergistically potentiates the doxorubicin and Vola-mediated anticancer effect that may be attributed partly to suppression of polo-like kinase 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and enhancement of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H Yousef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha R Habeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Cerón-Montes GI, Reyes-Miranda J, Vergara-Hernández E, Álvarez-González I, Morales-Ramírez ÁDJ, Francisco-Martínez LE, Garrido-Hernández A. Structural, luminescence and geno/cytoxicity study of carbon dots derived from Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots derived from nopal significantly increase the number of micronuclei in mouse erythrocytes and inhibit mouse bone marrow cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Reyes-Miranda
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco
- Departamento de Materiales
- Mexico
| | | | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Mexico
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16
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Cho HY, Mavi A, Chueng STD, Pongkulapa T, Pasquale N, Rabie H, Han J, Kim JH, Kim TH, Choi JW, Lee KB. Tumor Homing Reactive Oxygen Species Nanoparticle for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23909-23918. [PMID: 31252451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles that carry chemotherapeutic agents can be innovative anticancer therapeutic options owing to their tumor-targeting ability and high drug-loading capacity. However, the nonspecific release of toxic DNA-intercalating anticancer drugs from the nanoparticles has significant side effects on healthy cells surrounding the tumors. Herein, we report a tumor homing reactive oxygen species nanoparticle (THoR-NP) platform that is highly effective and selective for ablating malignant tumors. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were selected as an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator and a superoxide dismutase 1 inhibitor, respectively. DDC-loaded THoR-NP, in combination with SNP treatment, eliminated multiple cancer cell lines effectively by the generation of peroxynitrite in the cells (>95% cell death), as compared to control drug treatments of the same concentration of DDC or SNP alone (0% cell death). Moreover, the magnetic core (ZnFe2O4) of the THoR-NP can specifically ablate tumor cells (breast cancer cells) via magnetic hyperthermia, in conjunction with DDC, even in the absence of any exogenous RS supplements. Finally, by incorporating iRGD peptide moieties in the THoR-NP, integrin-enriched cancer cells (malignant tumors, MDA-MB-231) were effectively and selectively killed, as opposed to nonmetastatic tumors (MCF-7), as confirmed in a mouse xenograft model. Hence, our strategy of using nanoparticles embedded with ROS-scavenger-inhibitor with an exogenous ROS supplement is highly selective and effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmet Mavi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology , Atatürk University , Erzurum 25030 , Turkey
| | - Sy-Tsong Dean Chueng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Nicholas Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Hudifah Rabie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Jiyou Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Biotechnology , Hyupsung University , Hwasung-si 18330 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Sogang University , Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
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17
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Two purified proteins from royal jelly with in vitro dual anti-hepatic damage potency: Major royal jelly protein 2 and its novel isoform X1. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:782-795. [PMID: 30711561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are serious life-threating conditions that should be controlled. Here, we identify a protein fraction from royal-jelly (RJ) that represents the most effective composite against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and HepG2 cell growth. Two closely related proteins were purified from this fraction by a new simple method and identified by MALDI-TOF MS as major RJ protein 2 (MRJP2) and its predicted isoform X1. The in silico assessment (3D structures and functions) of these proteins were performed using Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) analysis and RAMPAGE program. These two purified proteins were able to relieve the necrotic hepatocytes (by 60.4%) via reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and intracellular reactive species. The latter effects associated with improving hepatocyte functions. Furthermore, they revealed the potent anticancer effect via induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and controlling the expression of both Bcl-2 and p53 in HepG2 cells. Thus, MRJP2 and its isoform X1 can be a promising dual strategy for fighting hepatic injury and cancer in future animal and human studies.
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18
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Solovieva ME, Shatalin YV, Solovyev VV, Sazonov AV, Kutyshenko VP, Akatov VS. Hydroxycobalamin catalyzes the oxidation of diethyldithiocarbamate and increases its cytotoxicity independently of copper ions. Redox Biol 2019; 20:28-37. [PMID: 30290302 PMCID: PMC6171330 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that some metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Au) markedly increase the toxic effect of thiocarbamates. It was shown in the present study that hydroxycobalamin (a form of vitamin B12, HOCbl), which incorporates cobalt, significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), decreasing its IC50 value in tumor cells three to five times. The addition of HOCbl to aqueous DDC solutions accelerated the reduction of oxygen. No hydrogen peroxide accumulation was observed in DDC + HOCbl solutions; however, catalase slowed down the oxygen reduction rate. Catalase as well as the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) partially inhibited the cytotoxic effect of DDC + HOCbl, whereas ascorbate, pyruvate, and tiron, a scavenger of superoxide anion, had no cytoprotective effect. The administration of HOCbl into DDC solutions (> 1 mM) resulted in the formation of a crystalline precipitate, which was inhibited in the presence of GSH. The data of UV and NMR spectroscopy and HPLC and Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) indicated that the main products of the reaction of DDC with HOCbl are disulfiram (DSF) and its oxidized forms, sulfones and sulfoxides. The increase in the cytotoxicity of DDC combined with HOCbl occurred both in the presence of Cu2+ in culture medium and in nominally Cu-free solutions, as well as in growth medium containing the copper chelator bathocuproine disulfonate (BCS). The results indicate that HOCbl accelerates the oxidation of DDC with the formation of DSF and its oxidized forms. Presumably, the main cause of the synergistic increase in the toxic effect of DDC + HOCbl is the formation of sulfones and sulfoxides of DSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Solovieva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Yu V Shatalin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | | | | | - V P Kutyshenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - V S Akatov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia.
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19
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Chen J, Dou R, Yang Z, You T, Gao X, Wang L. Phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:604-612. [PMID: 30121512 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the toxicity evaluation of ZnO NPs and their uptake and transportation in a significant crop plant, Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Under hydroponic condition, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L ZnO NPs could inhibit the growth of rice seedlings by reducing their biomass comparing with Zn2+ (13.82 mg/L) treatment and the control. In addition, physiological index was determined, involving the decrease of the chlorophyll content, which was further confirmed by the down-regulation of photosynthetic pigment related genes. Based on the expression levels of the genes encoding three antioxidant enzyme, e.g. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), Ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), the oxidative damage was found in ZnO NPs exposed rice. On the other hand, by ultra-thin slicing and transmission electron microscopy, ZnO NPs were observed in the intercellular space and cytoplasm of rice root cells, and their transport to aerial tissue from roots were further confirmed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Overall, ZnO NPs could be uptaken by rice in the form of ions or particles, which further affected plant growth and development at phenotypic, physiological and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Runzhi Dou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tingting You
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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