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Carella F, Prado P, García-March JR, Tena-Medialdea J, Melendreras EC, Porcellini A, Feola A. Measuring immunocompetence in the natural population and captive individuals of noble pen shell Pinna nobilis affected by Pinna nobilis Picornavirus (PnPV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109664. [PMID: 38844186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mass Mortality Events (MMEs) affecting the noble pen shell Pinna nobilis have been reported since 2016. In this work, we used an in vitro flow cytometric assay to evaluate phagocytosis, coupled with cytology and Electron Microscopy (TEM), to define animal immunocompetence following infection by P. nobilis Picornavirus (PnPV). The study was performed on 27 animals in July 2021 and May 2022 on two natural population from the Ebro Delta (Catalonia, Spain) and animals maintained in captivity at facilities in Valencia and Murcia Aquarium. Hemolymph was collected in the field and in captivity as a non-destructive sampling method. Based on dimension and internal complexity, flow cytometry identified three haemocyte types, distinguished in granulocytes, hyalinocytes and a third type, biggest in size and with high internal complexity and granularity. Those cells corresponded at ultrastructure to hemocytes with advanced phases of PnPV infection and related to cytopathic effect of the replicating virus displaying numerous Double Membrane Vesicles (DMVs) and cells corpse fusion. The results showed that pen shell in captivity had significantly lower Total Hemocyte Count (THC) compared with natural population of Alfacs Bay (mean number of 7-9 x 104 vs 2-5 x 105 cells/mL, respectively). FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) based phagocytosis analysis demonstrate that animals in captivity at IMEDMAR-UCV and Murcia Aquarium, had scarce or absent ability to phagocyte the two stimuli (Staphylococcus aureus and Zymosan A) (10,2 % ± 1,7 of positives) if compared with the natural population in Alfacs Bay (28,5 % ± 5,6 of positive). Ultrastructure images showed that PnPV itself can lead to an alteration of the hemocyte cytoskeleton, impairing the capabilities to perform an active phagocytosis and an efficient phagolysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia Complesso di Monte Sant Angelo, Naples, Italy.
| | - Patricia Prado
- IMEDMAR-UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain; Institut d'Estudis Professionals Aqüícoles i Ambientals de Catalunya (IEPAAC), 43540, La Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - José Tena-Medialdea
- IMEDMAR-UCV, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Porcellini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia Complesso di Monte Sant Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia Complesso di Monte Sant Angelo, Naples, Italy
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2
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Huang J, Lin F, Liu C, Luo M. Oxidation and cross-link of tyrosine-rich proteins are involved in the periostracum formation of the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus). J Proteomics 2024; 296:105112. [PMID: 38331166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification causes severe shell dissolution and threats the survival of marine molluscs. The periostracum in molluscs consists of macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides, and protects the inner shell layers from dissolution and microbial erosion. Moreover, it serves as the primary template for shell deposition. However, the chemical composition and formation mechanism of the periostracum is largely unknown. In this study, we applied transcriptomic, proteomics, physical, and chemical analysis to unravel the mysteries of the periostracum formation in the green mussel Perna viridis Linnaeus. FTIR analysis showed that the periostracum layer was an organic membrane mainly composed of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins, similar to that of the shell matrix. Interestingly, the proteomic study identified components enriched in tyrosine and some enzymes that evolved in tyrosine oxidation, indicating that tyrosine oxidation might play an essential role in the periostracum formation. Moreover, comparative transcriptomics suggested that tyrosine-rich proteins were intensively synthesized in the periostracum groove. After being secreted, the periostracum proteins were gradually tanned by oxidation in the seawater, and the level of crosslink increased significantly as revealed by the ATR-FTIR. Our present study sheds light on the chemical composition and putative tanning mechanism of the periostracum layer in bivalve molluscs. SIGNIFICANCE: The periostracum layer, plays an essential role in the initiation of shell biomineralization, the protection of minerals from dissolution for molluscs and especially ocean acidification conditions in the changing global climate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the periostracum formation is not fully understood. In this study, we revealed that the oxidation and cross-link of tyrosine-rich proteins by tyrosinase are involved in periostracum formation in the green mussel Perna viridis. This study provides some insights into the first step of mussel shell formation and the robust adaptation of P. viridis to diverse habitats. These findings also help to reveal the potential acclimation of bivalves to the projected acidifying seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Maoguo Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Jin C, Cheng K, Jiang R, Zhang Y, Luo W. A Novel Kunitz-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor (HcKuSPI) is Involved in Antibacterial Defense in Innate Immunity and Participates in Shell Formation of Hyriopsis cumingii. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:37-49. [PMID: 38117374 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) are abundantly reported for its inhibition against specific proteases involved in the immune responses, but SPI data related to calcareous shells are scarce. Previously, our research group has reported the proteome analysis of non-nucleated pearl powder, and a candidate matrix protein containing two Kunitz domains in the acid soluble fraction caught our attention. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence of HcKuSPI was obtained from Hyriopsis cumingii. HcKuSPI was specifically expressed in the mantle, with hybridization signals mainly concentrated to dorsal epithelial cells at the mantle edge and weak signals at the mantle pallium, suggesting HcKuSPI was involved in shell formation. HcKuSPI expression in the mantle was upregulated after Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus challenge to extrapallial fluids (EPFs). A glutathione S transferase (GST)-HcKuSPI recombinant protein showed strong inhibitory activity against the proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Moreover, HcKuSPI expression in an experimental group was significantly higher when compared with a control group during pellicle growth and crystal deposition in shell regeneration processes, while the organic shell framework of newborn prisms and nacre tablets was completely destroyed after HcKuSPI RNA interference (RNAi). Therefore, HcKuSPI secreted by the mantle may effectively neutralize excess proteases and bacterial proteases in the EPF during bacterial infection and could prevent matrix protein extracellular degradation by suppressing protease proteolytic activity, thereby ensuring a smooth shell biomineralization. In addition, GST-HcKuSPI was also crucial for crystal morphology regulation. These results have important implications for our understanding of the potential roles of SPIs during shell biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Direct control of shell regeneration by the mantle tissue in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107956. [PMID: 36934975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs rapidly repair the damaged shells to prevent further injury, which is vital for their survival after physical or biological aggression. However, it remains unclear how this process is precisely controlled. In this study, we applied scanning electronic microscopy and histochemical analysis to examine the detailed shell regeneration process in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. It was found that the shell damage caused the mantle tissue to retract, which resulted in relocation of the partitioned mantle zones with respect to their correspondingly secreting shell layers. As a result, the relocated mantle tissue dramatically altered the shell morphology by initiating de novo precipitation of prismatic layers on the former nacreous layers, leading to the formation of sandwich-like "prism-nacre-prism-nacre" structure. Real-time PCR revealed the up-regulation of the shell matrix protein genes, which was confirmed by the thermal gravimetric analysis of the newly formed shell. The increased matrix secretion might have led to the change of CaCO3 precipitation dynamics which altered the mineral morphology and promoted shell formation. Taken together, our study revealed the close relationship between the physiological activities of the mantle tissue and the morphological change of the regenerated shells.
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The Matrix Protein Cysrichin, a Galaxin-like Protein from Hyriopsis cumingii, Induces Vaterite Formation In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030447. [PMID: 36979139 PMCID: PMC10045328 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we cloned a novel matrix protein, cysrichin, with 16.03% homology and a similar protein structure to the coral biomineralized protein galaxin. Tissue expression analysis showed that cysrichin was mainly expressed in mantle and gill tissues. In situ hybridization indicated that cysrichin mRNA was detected in the entire epithelium region of mantle tissue. RNAi analysis and shell notching experiment confirmed that cysrichin participates in the prismatic layer and nacreous layer formation of the shell. An in vitro crystallization experiment showed that the cysrichin protein induced lotus-shaped and round-shaped crystals, which were identified as vaterite crystals. These results may provide new clues for understanding the formation of vaterite in freshwater shellfish.
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Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses Enable Clams to Correct the pH of Calcifying Fluids and Sustain Biomineralization in Acidified Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416066. [PMID: 36555707 PMCID: PMC9781830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seawater pH and carbonate saturation are predicted to decrease dramatically by the end of the century. This process, designated ocean acidification (OA), threatens economically and ecologically important marine calcifiers, including the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria). While many studies have demonstrated the adverse impacts of OA on bivalves, much less is known about mechanisms of resilience and adaptive strategies. Here, we examined clam responses to OA by evaluating cellular (hemocyte activities) and molecular (high-throughput proteomics, RNASeq) changes in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid (EPF-the site of biomineralization located between the mantle and the shell) in M. mercenaria continuously exposed to acidified (pH ~7.3; pCO2 ~2700 ppm) and normal conditions (pH ~8.1; pCO2 ~600 ppm) for one year. The extracellular pH of EPF and hemolymph (~7.5) was significantly higher than that of the external acidified seawater (~7.3). Under OA conditions, granulocytes (a sub-population of hemocytes important for biomineralization) were able to increase intracellular pH (by 54% in EPF and 79% in hemolymph) and calcium content (by 56% in hemolymph). The increased pH of EPF and hemolymph from clams exposed to high pCO2 was associated with the overexpression of genes (at both the mRNA and protein levels) related to biomineralization, acid-base balance, and calcium homeostasis, suggesting that clams can use corrective mechanisms to mitigate the negative impact of OA.
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Ferchiou S, Caza F, Villemur R, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y. Species- and site-specific circulating bacterial DNA in Subantarctic sentinel mussels Aulacomya atra and Mytilus platensis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9547. [PMID: 35681072 PMCID: PMC9184546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Impacts of climate changes are particularly severe in polar regions where warmer temperatures and reductions in sea-ice covers threaten the ecological integrity of marine coastal ecosystems. Because of their wide distribution and their ecological importance, mussels are currently used as sentinel organisms in monitoring programs of coastal ecosystems around the world. In the present study, we exploited the concept of liquid biopsy combined to a logistically friendly sampling method to study the hemolymphatic bacterial microbiome in two mussel species (Aulacomya atra and Mytilus platensis) in Kerguelen Islands, a remote Subantarctic volcanic archipelago. We found that the circulating microbiome signatures of both species differ significantly even though their share the same mussel beds. We also found that the microbiome differs significantly between sampling sites, often correlating with the particularity of the ecosystem. Predictive models also revealed that both species have distinct functional microbiota, and that the circulating microbiome of Aulacomya atra was more sensitive to changes induced by acute thermal stress when compared to Mytilus platensis. Taken together, our study suggests that defining circulating microbiome is a useful tool to assess the health status of marine ecosystems and to better understand the interactions between the sentinel species and their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ferchiou
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - France Caza
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO Stress environnementaux et Biosurveillance des milieux aquatiques, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Technologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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8
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Schwaner C, Farhat S, Haley J, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Functional Assays Underline the Dual Role of Extrapallial Hemocytes in Immunity and Biomineralization in the Hard Clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838530. [PMID: 35273613 PMCID: PMC8902148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph represent the backbone of innate immunity in bivalves. Hemocytes are also found in the extrapallial fluid (EPF), the space delimited between the shell and the mantle, which is the site of shell biomineralization. This study investigated the transcriptome, proteome, and function of EPF and hemolymph in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Total and differential hemocyte counts were similar between EPF and hemolymph. Overexpressed genes in the EPF were found to have domains previously identified as being part of the "biomineralization toolkit" and involved in bivalve shell formation. Biomineralization related genes included chitin-metabolism genes, carbonic anhydrase, perlucin, and insoluble shell matrix protein genes. Overexpressed genes in the EPF encoded proteins present at higher abundances in the EPF proteome, specifically those related to shell formation such as carbonic anhydrase and insoluble shell matrix proteins. Genes coding for bicarbonate and ion transporters were also overexpressed, suggesting that EPF hemocytes are involved in regulating the availability of ions critical for biomineralization. Functional assays also showed that Ca2+ content of hemocytes in the EPF were significantly higher than those in hemolymph, supporting the idea that hemocytes serve as a source of Ca2+ during biomineralization. Overexpressed genes and proteins also contained domains such as C1q that have dual functions in biomineralization and immune response. The percent of phagocytic granulocytes was not significantly different between EPF and hemolymph. Together, these findings suggest that hemocytes in EPF play a central role in both biomineralization and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Farhat
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Haley
- Stony Brook University Biological Mass Spectrometry Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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de la Ballina NR, Maresca F, Cao A, Villalba A. Bivalve Haemocyte Subpopulations: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826255. [PMID: 35464425 PMCID: PMC9024128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs stand out for their ecological success and their key role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, while also constituting a very valuable commercial resource. Both ecological success and production of bivalves depend on their effective immune defence function, in which haemocytes play a central role acting as both the undertaker of the cellular immunity and supplier of the humoral immunity. Bivalves have different types of haemocytes, which perform different functions. Hence, identification of cell subpopulations and their functional characterisation in immune responses is essential to fully understand the immune system in bivalves. Nowadays, there is not a unified nomenclature that applies to all bivalves. Characterisation of bivalve haemocyte subpopulations is often combined with 1) other multiple parameter assays to determine differences between cell types in immune-related physiological activities, such as phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis; and 2) immune response to different stressors such as pathogens, temperature, acidification and pollution. This review summarises the major and most recent findings in classification and functional characterisation of the main haemocyte types of bivalve molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R. de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Francesco Maresca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Évora, Sines, Portugal
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio Villalba,
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10
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Immunohistochemical Detection of Various Proteoglycans in the Extracellular Matrix of Zebra Mussels. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mussels have been used as animal models for studying ecotoxicology, biomineralization, and bio-adhesion for many years. Despite a wealth of studies on their shell matrix and byssus proteins, few studies have focused on the extracellular matrix molecules in mussel soft tissues. Extracellular matrix molecules may play important roles in biomineralization, immune reaction, and tissue homeostasis. In the present study, extracellular matrix and mineralization-related molecules in zebra mussel soft tissue were immunolocalized using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. Our results demonstrate specific immunolocalization for collagen IV, fibronectin, and keratan sulfate in hemocytes; collagen IV in peripheral nerves; and aggrecan, link protein, and collagen XVIII in foot tissue. Laminin, decorin, and osteonectin were also broadly immunolocalized in mussel soft tissues. The distributions of these extracellular matrix molecules in mussel tissues are in line with the cell-mediated shell mineralization hypothesis, providing evidence for the molecules involved in the peripheral nervous system and byssus formation, and explaining the conservation of extracellular matrix molecules during evolution. These results further contribute to establishing zebra mussels as an attractive animal model in biomedical research.
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Kladchenko ES, Andreyeva AY, Kukhareva TA. Effect of Ranged Short-Term Hypoxia on Functional and Morphological Parameters of Hemocytes in the Pacific Oyster Сrassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Huang J, Li L, Jiang T, Xie L, Zhang R. Mantle tissue in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata secretes immune components via vesicle transportation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:116-123. [PMID: 34995768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molluscan bivalves secrete shell matrices into the extrapallial space (EPS) to guide the precipitation of rigid shells. Meanwhile, immune components are present in the EPS and shell matrices, which are pivotal in resistant to invaded pathogens, thus ensuring the shell formation process. However, the origin of these components remains unclear. In this study, we revealed numerous vesicles were secreted from the outer mantle epithelial cells by using light and electron microscopes. The secreted vesicles were isolated by gradient centrifugation and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Proteomics analysis showed that the secreted vesicles were composed of cytoplasmic and immune components, most of which do not have signal peptides, indicating that they were secreted by a non-classical pathway. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed that some immune components were highly expressed in the mantle tissue, compared to the hemocytes. FTIR analysis verified the presence of lipids in the shell matrices, indicating that the vesicles have integrated into the shell layers. Taken together, our results suggested that mantle epithelial cells secreted some important immune components into the EPS via secreted vesicle transportation, thus cooperating with the hemocytes to play a vital role in immunity during shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Taifeng Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
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13
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Machałowski T, Idaszek J, Chlanda A, Heljak M, Piasecki A, Święszkowski W, Jesionowski T. Naturally prefabricated 3D chitinous skeletal scaffold of marine demosponge origin, biomineralized ex vivo as a functional biomaterial. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118750. [PMID: 34742446 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solutions developed by nature for structural and functional optimization of three-dimensional (3D) skeletal structures provide unique windows not only into the evolutionary pathways of organisms, but also into bioinspired materials science and biomimetics. Great examples are naturally formed 3D chitinous scaffolds of marine sponge remain a focus of modern biomedicine and tissue engineering. Due to its properties like renewability, bioactivity, and biodegradability such constructs became very interesting players as components of organic-inorganic biocomposites. Herein, we developed chitin-based biocomposites by biomimetic ex vivo deposition of calcium carbonate particles using hemolymph from the cultivated mollusk Cornu aspersum and chitinous matrix from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis. The biological potential of the developed biofunctionalized scaffolds for bone tissue engineering was evaluated by investigating the spreading and viability of a human fetal osteoblast cell line has been determined for the first time. Performed analyses like dynamic mechanical analysis and atomic force microscopy shown that biofunctionalized scaffold possess about 4 times higher mechanical resistance. Moreover, several topographical changes have been observed, as e.g., surface roughness (Rq) increased from 31.75 ± 2.7 nm to 120.7 ± 0.3 nm. The results are indicating its potential for use in the modification of cell delivery systems in future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Joanna Idaszek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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14
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. Impact of phthalates and bisphenols plasticizers on haemocyte immune function of aquatic invertebrates: A review on physiological, biochemical, and genomic aspects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126426. [PMID: 34166954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate innate immunity is a crucial characteristic that represents a valuable basis for studying common biological responses to environmental pollutants. Cell defence mechanisms are key players in protecting the organism from infections and foreign materials. Many haemocyte-associated immunological parameters have been reported to be immunologically sensitive to aquatic toxins (natural or artificial). Environmental plastic pollution poses a global threat to ecosystems and human health due to plastic vast and extensive use as additives in various consumer products. In recent years, studies have been done to evaluate the effects of plasticizers on humans and the environment, and their transmission and presence in water, air, and indoor dust, and so forth. Hence, the development of biomarkers that evaluate biological responses to different pollutants are essential to obtain important information on plasticizers' sublethal effects. This review analyses the current advances in the adverse effects of plasticizers (as emerging contaminants), such as immunological response disruption. The review also shows a critical analysis of the effects of the most widely used plasticizers on haemocytes. The advantages of an integrative approach that uses chemical, genetic, and immunomarker assays to monitor toxicity are highlighted. All these factors are imperative to ponder when designing toxicity studies to recognize the potential effects of plasticizers like bisphenol A and phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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15
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A New Protocol of Computer-Assisted Image Analysis Highlights the Presence of Hemocytes in the Regenerating Cephalic Tentacles of Adult Pomacea canaliculata. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095023. [PMID: 34065143 PMCID: PMC8126035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, injuries and diseases can result in irreversible tissue or organ loss. This well-known fact has prompted several basic studies on organisms capable of adult regeneration, such as amphibians, bony fish, and invertebrates. These studies have provided important biological information and helped to develop regenerative medicine therapies, but important gaps concerning the regulation of tissue and organ regeneration remain to be elucidated. To this aim, new models for studying regenerative biology could prove helpful. Here, the description of the cephalic tentacle regeneration in the adult of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata is presented. In this invasive mollusk, the whole tentacle is reconstructed within 3 months. Regenerating epithelial, connective, muscular and neural components are already recognizable 72 h post-amputation (hpa). Only in the early phases of regeneration, several hemocytes are retrieved in the forming blastema. In view of quantifying the hemocytes retrieved in regenerating organs, granular hemocytes present in the tentacle blastema at 12 hpa were counted, with a new and specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol. Since it can be applied in absence of specific cell markers and after a common hematoxylin-eosin staining, this protocol could prove helpful to evidence and count the hemocytes interspersed among regenerating tissues, helping to unveil the role of immune-related cells in sensory organ regeneration.
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16
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Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. MicroRNA-mediated stress response in bivalve species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111442. [PMID: 33038725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks are important aquatic organisms, which are used for biological monitoring because of their abundance, ubiquitous nature, and abilities to adapt to different environments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which typically silence the expression of target genes; however, certain miRNAs directly or indirectly upregulate their target genes. They are rapidly modulated and play an essential role in shaping the response of organisms to stresses. Based on the regulatory function and rapid alteration of miRNAs, they could act as biomarkers for biotic and abiotic stress, including environmental stresses and contaminations. Moreover, mollusk, particularly hemocytes, rapidly respond to environmental changes, such as pollution, salinity changes, and desiccation, which makes them an attractive model for this purpose. Thus, bivalve mollusks could be considered a good animal model to examine a system's response to different environmental conditions and stressors. miRNAs have been reported to adjust the adaptation and physiological functions of bivalves during endogenous and environmental stressors. In this review, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the response of bivalves to stressors and how miRNAs orchestrate this process; however, if necessary, other organisms' response is included to explain specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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17
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Benoist L, Corre E, Bernay B, Henry J, Zatylny-Gaudin C. -Omic Analysis of the Sepia officinalis White Body: New Insights into Multifunctionality and Haematopoiesis Regulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3072-3087. [PMID: 32643382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cephalopods, like other protostomes, lack an adaptive immune system and only rely on an innate immune system. The main immune cells are haemocytes (Hcts), which are able to respond to pathogens and external attacks. First reports based on morphological observations revealed that the white body (WB) located in the optic sinuses of cuttlefish was the origin of Hcts. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified several factors known to be involved in haematopoiesis in vertebrate species in cuttlefish WB. Among these factors, members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were identified, some of them for the first time in a molluscan transcriptome and proteome. Immune factors, such as members of the Toll/NF-κB signaling pathway, pattern recognition proteins and receptors, and members of the oxidative stress responses, were also identified, and support an immune role of the WB. Both transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the WB harbors an intense metabolism concurrent with the haematopoietic function. Finally, a comparative analysis of the WB and Hct proteomes revealed many proteins in common, confirming previous morphological studies on the origin of Hcts in cuttlefish. This molecular work demonstrates that the WB is multifunctional and provides bases for haematopoiesis regulation in cuttlefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Benoist
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Plateforme ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff (CNRS-Sorbonne Université), 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Plateforme PROTEOGEN, SF 4206 ICORE, Normandie université, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Joel Henry
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- NORMANDIE UNIV, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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18
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Leprêtre M, Almunia C, Armengaud J, Le Guernic A, Salvador A, Geffard A, Palos-Ladeiro M. Identification of immune-related proteins of Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes and plasma involved in host-microbe interactions by differential proteomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6226. [PMID: 32277127 PMCID: PMC7148315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological responses of zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha are investigated to assess the impact of contaminants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In addition to concentrate chemical contaminants in their tissues, zebra mussels accumulate several microorganisms such as viruses, protozoa and bacteria. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the defence against microorganisms this study aims at identifying immune proteins from D. polymorpha hemolymph involved in defence against protozoa and viruses. For this purpose, hemolymph were exposed ex vivo to Cryptosporidium parvum and RNA poly I:C. Differential proteomics on both hemocytes and plasma revealed immune proteins modulated under exposures. Different patterns of response were observed after C. parvum and RNA poly I:C exposures. The number of modulated proteins per hemolymphatic compartments suggest that C. parvum is managed in cells while RNA poly I:C is managed in plasma after 4 h exposure. BLAST annotation and GO terms enrichment analysis revealed further characteristics of immune mechanisms. Results showed that many proteins involved in the recognition and destruction of microorganisms were modulated in both exposure conditions, while proteins related to phagocytosis and apoptosis were exclusively modulated by C. parvum. This differential proteomic analysis highlights in zebra mussels modulated proteins involved in the response to microorganisms, which reflect a broad range of immune mechanisms such as recognition, internalization and destruction of microorganisms. This study paves the way for the identification of new markers of immune processes that can be used to assess the impact of both chemical and biological contaminations on the health status of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leprêtre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Almunia
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Antoine Le Guernic
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France
| | - Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, CEDEX, France.
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19
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Lin Y, Mao F, Wong NK, Zhang X, Liu K, Huang M, Ma H, Xiang Z, Li J, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Phagocyte Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) as Major Regulators in Anti-bacterial Defense of Crassostrea hongkongensis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:416. [PMID: 32265912 PMCID: PMC7103635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates generally lack adaptive immunity and compensate for this with highly efficient innate immune machineries such as phagocytosis by hemocytes to eradicate invading pathogens. However, how extrinsically cued hemocytes marshal internal signals to accomplish phagocytosis is not yet fully understood. To this end, we established a facile magnetic cell sorting method to enrich professional phagocytes from hemocytes of the Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis), an ecologically and commercially valuable marine invertebrate. Transcriptomic analysis on presorted cells shows that phagocytes maintain a remarkable array of differentially expressed genes that distinguish them from non-phagocytes, including 352 significantly upregulated genes and 479 downregulated genes. Pathway annotations reveal that focal adhesion and extracellular matrix–receptor interactions were the most conspicuously enriched pathways in phagocytes. Phagocytosis rate dramatically declined in the presence of an FAK inhibitor, confirming importance of the focal adhesion pathway in regulating phagocytosis. In addition, we also found that heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) families were lineage-specifically expanded in C. hongkongensis and abundantly expressed in phagocytes. Efficiency of phagocytosis and hemocytes aggregation was markedly reduced upon blockage of endogenous synthesis of HSPGs, thus implicating these proteins as key surface receptors in pathogen recognition and initiation of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minwei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Barjhoux I, Rioult D, Geffard A, Palos Ladeiro M. A new protocol for the simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:224-235. [PMID: 31899358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxicity analysis receives a strong interest in environmental a priori and a posteriori risk assessment procedures considering the direct involvement of the immune system in the health status of organisms, populations and thus ecosystems. The freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha is an invasive species widely used in ecotoxicology studies and biomonitoring surveys to evaluate the impacts of contaminants on aquatic fauna. Bivalve hemocytes are the immunocompetent cells circulating in the open circulatory system of the organism. However, there is nowadays no consensus on a protocol to evaluate the immunocompetent state of this particular cell type using flow cytometry. Wild species such as D. polymorpha present several technical barriers complicating their analyze including (i) the quality and the purity of the hemolymph sample, (ii) the controversial characterization of hemocyte subpopulations and their diversity, (iii) the quantity of biological material, and (iv) the high inter-individual variability of hemocyte responses. The present work proposes several technical and analytical improvements to control the above-mentioned issues. The inclusion of sedimentation and cell detachment steps in the pre-analytical phase of the protocol substantially ameliorate the quality of the hemolymph sample as well as the accuracy of the cytometric measurements, by selecting the analyzed cells on their adhesion ability and by increasing the concentration of the analyzed events. The development of an effective triple-labeling procedure including the cellular probe Hoechst® 33342, the membrane impermeant dye propidium iodide and yellow-green fluorescent microspheres allowed the simultaneous analysis of cytotoxicity and phagocytosis activity in hemocytes. It also significantly enhanced the accuracy of hemocyte endpoint measurements by eliminating non-target events from the analysis and allowing relevant gating strategies. Finally, the use of pooled samples of hemolymph noticeably reduced inter-sample variability while providing more plasticity in the experimental design and improving the discriminating potency between treatments. The developed protocol is suitable for ex vivo exposure of hemocyte in a chemical/environmental toxicity assessment as well as for in vivo exposure in the laboratory or in situ biomonitoring surveys with few adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Barjhoux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INERIS, SEBIO UMR I02, 51097, Reims, France.
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INERIS, SEBIO UMR I02, 51097, Reims, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INERIS, Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, 51097, Reims, France.
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INERIS, SEBIO UMR I02, 51097, Reims, France.
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21
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Wysokowski M, Machałowski T, Petrenko I, Schimpf C, Rafaja D, Galli R, Ziętek J, Pantović S, Voronkina A, Kovalchuk V, Ivanenko VN, Hoeksema BW, Diaz C, Khrunyk Y, Stelling AL, Giovine M, Jesionowski T, Ehrlich H. 3D Chitin Scaffolds of Marine Demosponge Origin for Biomimetic Mollusk Hemolymph-Associated Biomineralization Ex-Vivo. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E123. [PMID: 32092907 PMCID: PMC7074400 DOI: 10.3390/md18020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based tissue engineering requires large-scale 3D cell/tissue manufacture technologies, to produce biologically active scaffolds. Special attention is currently paid to naturally pre-designed scaffolds found in skeletons of marine sponges, which represent a renewable resource of biomaterials. Here, an innovative approach to the production of mineralized scaffolds of natural origin is proposed. For the first time, a method to obtain calcium carbonate deposition ex vivo, using living mollusks hemolymph and a marine-sponge-derived template, is specifically described. For this purpose, the marine sponge Aplysin aarcheri and the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum were selected as appropriate 3D chitinous scaffold and as hemolymph donor, respectively. The formation of calcium-based phase on the surface of chitinous matrix after its immersion into hemolymph was confirmed by Alizarin Red staining. A direct role of mollusks hemocytes is proposed in the creation of fine-tuned microenvironment necessary for calcification ex vivo. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed a high CaCO3 amorphous content. Raman spectroscopy evidenced also a crystalline component, with spectra corresponding to biogenic calcite. This study resulted in the development of a new biomimetic product based on ex vivo synthetized ACC and calcite tightly bound to the surface of 3D sponge chitin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Christian Schimpf
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - David Rafaja
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Ziętek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Snežana Pantović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Kruševac bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine;
| | - Valentine Kovalchuk
- Department of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnitsa, Ukraine;
| | - Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bert W. Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Diaz
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 Old Dixie Hwy, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA;
| | - Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- The Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 20, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Allison L. Stelling
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland; (T.M.); (T.J.)
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
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22
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Mariom, Take S, Igarashi Y, Yoshitake K, Asakawa S, Maeyama K, Nagai K, Watabe S, Kinoshita S. Gene expression profiles at different stages for formation of pearl sac and pearl in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:240. [PMID: 30909870 PMCID: PMC6434816 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most critical step in the pearl formation during aquaculture is issued to the proliferation and differentiation of outer epithelial cells of mantle graft into pearl sac. This pearl sac secretes various matrix proteins to produce pearls by a complex physiological process which has not been well-understood yet. Here, we aimed to unravel the genes involved in the development of pearl sac and pearl, and the sequential expression patterns of different shell matrix proteins secreted from the pearl sac during pearl formation by pearl oyster Pinctada fucata using high-throughput transcriptome profiling. Results Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clearly different gene expression profiles between earlier (before 1 week) and later stages (1 week to 3 months) of grafting. Immune-related genes were highly expressed between 0 h – 24 h (donor dependent) and 48 h – 1 w (host dependent), and in the course of wound healing process pearl sac was developed by two weeks of graft transplantation. Moreover, for the first time, we identified some stem cell marker genes including ABCG2, SOX2, MEF2A, HES1, MET, NRP1, ESR1, STAT6, PAX2, FZD1 and PROM1 that were expressed differentially during the formation of pearl sac. The expression profiling of 192 biomineralization-related genes demonstrated that most of the shell matrix proteins (SMPs) involved in prismatic layer formation were first up-regulated and then gradually down-regulated indicating their involvement in the development of pearl sac and the onset of pearl mineralization. Most of the nacreous layer forming SMPs were up-regulated at 2 weeks after the maturation of pearl sac. Nacrein, MSI7 and shematrin involved in both layer formation were highly expressed during 0 h – 24 h, down-regulated up to 1 week and then up-regulated again after accomplishment of pearl sac formation. Conclusions Using an RNA-seq approach we unraveled the expression pattern of the key genes involved in the development of pearl sac and pearl as a result of host immune response after grafting. These findings provide valuable information in understanding the molecular mechanism of pearl formation and immune response in P. fucata. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5579-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariom
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saori Take
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoji Igarashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kaoru Maeyama
- Mikimoto Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Kurose 1425, Ise, Mie, 516-8581, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Nagai
- Pearl Research Laboratory, K. MIKIMOTO & CO., LTD, Osaki Hazako 923, Hamajima, Shima, Mie, 517-0403, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0313, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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23
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Fernández Robledo JA, Yadavalli R, Allam B, Pales Espinosa E, Gerdol M, Greco S, Stevick RJ, Gómez-Chiarri M, Zhang Y, Heil CA, Tracy AN, Bishop-Bailey D, Metzger MJ. From the raw bar to the bench: Bivalves as models for human health. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:260-282. [PMID: 30503358 PMCID: PMC6511260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves, from raw oysters to steamed clams, are popular choices among seafood lovers and once limited to the coastal areas. The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and improvement in the preservation and transport of seafood have enabled them to be readily available anywhere in the world. Over the years, oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams have been the focus of research for improving the production, managing resources, and investigating basic biological and ecological questions. During this decade, an impressive amount of information using high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies has been produced in various classes of the Mollusca group, and it is anticipated that basic and applied research will significantly benefit from this resource. One aspect that is also taking momentum is the use of bivalves as a model system for human health. In this review, we highlight some of the aspects of the biology of bivalves that have direct implications in human health including the shell formation, stem cells and cell differentiation, the ability to fight opportunistic and specific pathogens in the absence of adaptive immunity, as source of alternative drugs, mucosal immunity and, microbiome turnover, toxicology, and cancer research. There is still a long way to go; however, the next time you order a dozen oysters at your favorite raw bar, think about a tasty model organism that will not only please your palate but also help unlock multiple aspects of molluscan biology and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Marco Gerdol
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca J Stevick
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Marta Gómez-Chiarri
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Cynthia A Heil
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Adrienne N Tracy
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA; Colby College, Waterville, 4,000 Mayflower Hill Dr, ME, 04901, USA
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