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Bhagat A, Lyerly HK, Morse MA, Hartman ZC. CEA vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2291857. [PMID: 38087989 PMCID: PMC10732609 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2291857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycosylated cell surface oncofetal protein involved in adhesion, proliferation, and migration that is highly upregulated in multiple carcinomas and has long been a promising target for cancer vaccination. This review summarizes the progress to date in the development of CEA vaccines, examining both pre-clinical and clinical studies across a variety of vaccine platforms that in aggregate, begin to reveal some critical insights. These studies demonstrate the ability of CEA vaccines to break immunologic tolerance and elicit CEA-specific immunity, which associates with improved clinical outcomes in select individuals. Approaches that have combined replicating viral vectors, with heterologous boosting and different adjuvant strategies have been particularly promising but, these early clinical trial results will require confirmatory studies. Collectively, these studies suggest that clinical efficacy likely depends upon harnessing a potent vaccine combination in an appropriate clinical setting to fully realize the potential of CEA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Bhagat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Herbert K. Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Matsuba S, Ura H, Saito F, Ogasawara C, Shimodaira S, Niida Y, Onai N. An optimized cocktail of small molecule inhibitors promotes the maturation of dendritic cells in GM-CSF mouse bone marrow culture. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264609. [PMID: 37901221 PMCID: PMC10611476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, playing an essential role in the pathogen and tumor recognition, and anti-tumor immunity, and linking both the innate and adaptive immunity. The monocyte-derived DCs generated by ex vivo culture, have been used for cancer immunotherapy to eliminate tumor; however, the clinical efficacies are not sufficient, and further improvement is essential. In this study, we established a method to generate DCs using small molecule compounds for cancer immunotherapy. We observed an increase in the percentage of CD11c+I-A/I-Ehigh cells, representing DCs, by adding four small molecular inhibitors: Y27632, PD0325901, PD173074, and PD98059 (abbreviated as YPPP), in mouse bone marrow (BM) culture with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). BM-derived DCs cultured with YPPP (YPPP-DCs) showed high responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, resulting in increased interleukin (IL) -12 production and enhanced proliferation activity when co-cultured with naïve T cells compared with the vehicle control. RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor (PPAR) γ associated genes increased in YPPP-DCs. In tumor models treated with anti-programmed death (PD) -1 therapies, mice injected intratumorally with YPPP-DCs as a DCs vaccine exhibited reduced tumor growth and increased survival. These findings suggested that our method would be useful for the induction of DCs that efficiently activate effector T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Matsuba
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ura
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fumiji Saito
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chie Ogasawara
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onai
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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3
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Tominaga S, Ojima T, Miyazawa M, Iwamoto H, Kitadani J, Maruoka S, Hayata K, Yamaue H. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dendritic cell vaccine therapy genetically modified on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Gene Ther 2023; 30:552-559. [PMID: 36959396 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with the full-length tumor-associated antigen (TAA) gene induced TAA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to elicit antitumor responses. To overcome the issue of quantity and quality of DCs required for DC vaccine therapy, we focused on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a new tool for obtaining DCs and reported efficacy of iPSCs-derived DCs (iPSDCs). However, in clinical application of iPSDC vaccine therapy, further enhancement of the antitumor effect is necessary. In this study, we targeted mesothelin (MSLN) as a potentially useful TAA, and focused on the ubiquitin-proteasome system to enhance antigen-presenting ability of iPSDCs. The CTLs induced by iPSDCs transduced with MSLN gene (iPSDCs-MSLN) from healthy donors showed cytotoxic activity against autologous lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) expressing MSLN (LCLs-MSLN). The CTLs induced by iPSDCs transduced ubiquitin-MSLN fusion gene exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against LCLs-MSLN than the CTLs induced by iPSDCs-MSLN. The current study was designed that peripheral T-cell tolerance to MSLN could be overcome by the immunization of genetically modified iPSDCs simultaneously expressing ubiquitin and MSLN, leading to a strong cytotoxicity against tumors endogenously expressing MSLN. Therefore, this strategy may be promising for clinical application as an effective cancer vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Tominaga
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Ojima
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Motoki Miyazawa
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwamoto
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Junya Kitadani
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shimpei Maruoka
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hayata
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed M, Rashid S, Iqbal MO, Kontek R, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37345057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the current leading causes of death worldwide, despite the novel advances that have been made toward its treatment, it is still considered a major public health concern. Considering both the serious impact of cancer on public health and the significant side effects and complications of conventional therapeutic options, the current strategies towards targeted cancer therapy must be enhanced to avoid undesired toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has become preferable among researchers in recent years compared to conventional therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The understanding of how to control immune checkpoints, develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, genetically modify immune cells as well as enhance the activation of antitumor immune response led to the development of novel cancer treatments. In this review, we address recent advances in cancer immunotherapy molecular mechanisms. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are critically discussed, focusing on the challenges, potential risks, and prospects involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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Oliveira NA, Sevim H. Dendritic cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and progress. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:207-220. [PMID: 35316109 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system responsible for initiating and coordinating immune responses. These abilities provide potential for several clinical applications, such as the development of immunogenic vaccines. However, difficulty in obtaining DCs from conventional sources, such as bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PBMC), and cord blood (CB), is a significantly hinders routine application. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a valuable alternative for generating sufficient numbers of DCs to be used in basic and pre-clinical studies. Despite the many challenges that must be overcome to achieve an efficient protocol for obtaining the major DC types from hiPSCs, recent progress has been made. Here we review the current state of developing DCs from hiPSCs, as well as the key elements required to enable the routine use of hiPSC-derived DCs in pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio Aj Oliveira
- Jackson Laboratory - Farmington, 481263, Cell Engineering , Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06032-2374;
| | - Handan Sevim
- Hacettepe Universitesi, 37515, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey;
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6
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Tumor RNA transfected DCs derived from iPS cells elicit cytotoxicity against cancer cells induced from colorectal cancer patients in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3295. [PMID: 35228610 PMCID: PMC8885822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in generating DCs for cancer vaccine therapy was suggested in our previous studies. In clinical application of DC vaccine therapy, however, few DC vaccine systems have shown strong clinical response. To enhance immunogenicity in the DC vaccine, we transfected patient-derived iPSDCs with in vitro transcriptional RNA (ivtRNA), which was obtained from tumors of three patients with colorectal cancer. We investigated iPSDCs-ivtRNA which were induced by transfecting ivtRNA obtained from tumors of three colorectal cancer patients, and examined its antitumor effect. Moreover, we analyzed neoantigens expressed in colorectal cancer cells and examined whether iPSDCs-ivtRNA induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against the predicted neoantigens. CTLs activated by iPSDCs-ivtRNA exhibited cytotoxic activity against the tumor spheroids in all three patients with colorectal cancer. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 1251 nonsynonymous mutations and 2155 neoantigens (IC50 < 500 nM) were predicted. For IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, these candidate neoantigens were further prioritised and 12 candidates were synthesized. IFN-γ ELISPOT assay revealed that the CTLs induced by iPSDCs-ivtRNA responded to one of the candidate neoantigens. In vitro CTLs obtained by transfecting tumor-derived RNA into iPSDCs derived from three patients with colorectal cancer showed potent tumor-specific killing effect.
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7
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Hsu LJ, Liu CL, Kuo ML, Shen CN, Shen CR. An Alternative Cell Therapy for Cancers: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Natural Killer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1323. [PMID: 34680440 PMCID: PMC8533510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is usually defined as the treatment or prevention of human disease by supplementation with cells that have been selected, manipulated, and pharmacologically treated or altered outside the body (ex vivo). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with their unique characteristics of indefinite expansion in cultures and genetic modifications, represent an ideal cell source for differentiation into specialized cell types. Cell therapy has recently become one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for cancers, and different immune cell types are selected as therapeutic platforms. Natural killer (NK) cells are shown to be effective tumor cell killers and do not cause graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), making them excellent candidates for, and facilitating the development of, "off-the-shelf" cell therapies. In this review, we summarize the progress in the past decade in the advent of iPSC technology and review recent developments in gene-modified iPSC-NK cells as readily available "off-the-shelf" cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Hsu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan;
- Biochemical Technology R&D Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Center of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Zimmermannova O, Caiado I, Ferreira AG, Pereira CF. Cell Fate Reprogramming in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714822. [PMID: 34367185 PMCID: PMC8336566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding how cancer cells interact with the immune system allowed the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, harnessing patients' immune system to fight cancer. Dendritic cell-based vaccines are being explored to reactivate anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T) were however the main approaches that catapulted the therapeutic success of immunotherapy. Despite their success across a broad range of human cancers, many challenges remain for basic understanding and clinical progress as only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. In addition, cellular immunotherapies face important limitations imposed by the availability and quality of immune cells isolated from donors. Cell fate reprogramming is offering interesting alternatives to meet these challenges. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology not only enables studying immune cell specification but also serves as a platform for the differentiation of a myriad of clinically useful immune cells including T-cells, NK cells, or monocytes at scale. Moreover, the utilization of iPSCs allows introduction of genetic modifications and generation of T/NK cells with enhanced anti-tumor properties. Immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can also be generated by direct cellular reprogramming employing lineage-specific master regulators bypassing the pluripotent stage. Thus, the cellular reprogramming toolbox is now providing the means to address the potential of patient-tailored immune cell types for cancer immunotherapy. In parallel, development of viral vectors for gene delivery has opened the door for in vivo reprogramming in regenerative medicine, an elegant strategy circumventing the current limitations of in vitro cell manipulation. An analogous paradigm has been recently developed in cancer immunotherapy by the generation of CAR T-cells in vivo. These new ideas on endogenous reprogramming, cross-fertilized from the fields of regenerative medicine and gene therapy, are opening exciting avenues for direct modulation of immune or tumor cells in situ, widening our strategies to remove cancer immunotherapy roadblocks. Here, we review current strategies for cancer immunotherapy, summarize technologies for generation of immune cells by cell fate reprogramming as well as highlight the future potential of inducing these unique cell identities in vivo, providing new and exciting tools for the fast-paced field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zimmermannova
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inês Caiado
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G. Ferreira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Salah A, Wang H, Li Y, Ji M, Ou WB, Qi N, Wu Y. Insights Into Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Bench to Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686544. [PMID: 34262904 PMCID: PMC8273339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and potent activators of naïve T cells. Therefore, they act as a connective ring between innate and adaptive immunity. DC subsets are heterogeneous in their ontogeny and functions. They have proven to potentially take up and process tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). In this regard, researchers have developed strategies such as genetically engineered or TAA-pulsed DC vaccines; these manipulated DCs have shown significant outcomes in clinical and preclinical models. Here, we review DC classification and address how DCs are skewed into an immunosuppressive phenotype in cancer patients. Additionally, we present the advancements in DCs as a platform for cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing the technologies used for in vivo targeting of endogenous DCs, ex vivo generated vaccines from peripheral blood monocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived DCs (iPSC-DCs) to boost antitumoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ji
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nianmin Qi
- Hangzhou Biaomo Biosciences Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Asia Stem Cell Therapies Co., Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Oba T, Makino K, Kajihara R, Yokoi T, Araki R, Abe M, Minderman H, Chang AE, Odunsi K, Ito F. In situ delivery of iPSC-derived dendritic cells with local radiotherapy generates systemic antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-L1 blockade in preclinical poorly immunogenic tumor models. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002432. [PMID: 34049930 PMCID: PMC8166607 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy given their ability to prime antigen-specific T cells, and initiate antitumor immune response. A major obstacle for DC-based immunotherapy is the difficulty to obtain a sufficient number of functional DCs. Theoretically, this limitation can be overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, therapeutic strategies to engage iPSC-derived DCs (iPSC-DCs) into cancer immunotherapy remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence showing that induction of tumor-residing DCs enhances immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy (RT) prompted us to investigate antitumor efficacy of combining intratumoral administration of iPSC-DCs with local RT. METHODS Mouse iPSCs were differentiated to iPSC-DCs on OP9 stromal cells expressing the notch ligand delta-like 1 in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Phenotype and the capacities of iPSC-DCs to traffic tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) and prime antigen-specific T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry. Antitumor efficacy of intratumoral injection of iPSC-DCs and RT was tested in syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumor models resistant to anti-PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. RESULTS Mouse iPSC-DCs phenotypically resembled conventional type 2 DCs, and had a capacity to promote activation, proliferation and effector differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of the cognate antigen in vitro. Combination of in situ administration of iPSC-DCs and RT facilitated the priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and synergistically delayed the growth of not only the treated tumor but also the distant non-irradiated tumors. Mechanistically, RT enhanced trafficking of intratumorally injected iPSC-DCs to the TdLN, upregulated CD40 expression, and increased the frequency of DC/CD8+ T cell aggregates. Phenotypic analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells revealed an increase of stem-like Slamf6+ TIM3- CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and DCs. Consequently, combined therapy rendered poorly immunogenic tumors responsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy along with the development of tumor-specific immunological memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the translational potential of iPSC-DCs, and identify the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial platform to engage them for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in poorly immunogenic tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/immunology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phenotype
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Oba
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Toshihiro Yokoi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow & Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, Nuew York, USA
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Wang W, Bai L, Xu D, Li W, Cui J. Immunotherapy: A Potential Approach to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:117-131. [PMID: 32364076 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200504111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and drug resistance are two of the key factors affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of cells with infinite proliferation potential which are not sensitive to traditional therapies, including radio- and chemotherapy. These CSCs are considered to be central to tumor recurrence and the development of drug resistance. In addition, CSCs are important targets in cancer immunotherapy because of their expression of novel tumorassociated antigens, which result from mutations in cancer cells over the course of treatment. Emerging immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, checkpoint blockade therapies, and transferred immune cell therapies, have all been shown to be more effective when they selectively target CSCs. Such therapies may also provide novel additions to the current therapeutic milieu and may offer new therapeutic combinations for treatment. This review summarizes the relationships between various immunotherapies and CSCs and provides novel insights into potential therapeutic applications for these approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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12
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Ackermann M, Dragon AC, Lachmann N. The Immune-Modulatory Properties of iPSC-Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:444-453. [PMID: 33442339 DOI: 10.1159/000512721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are important regulators of the immune system, as they connect the innate and adaptive immunity by critically regulating T-cell responses. Thus, APCs are involved in both tissue homeostasis and tolerance, but also coordinate immune responses in case of infection and inflammation. Primary APCs are commonly generated from peripheral blood-derived monocytes and have been used as cell therapeutics in several (pre-)clinical settings, e.g., immune oncology, however, with varying efficiency. One promising alternative to study antigen presentation in vitro and to develop novel cell-based therapies are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). IPSCs can nowadays be generated from a variety of different cell types using several refined reprogramming techniques. Given their unlimited proliferation and differentiation potential, they hold great promise for regenerative medicine, and recently, first iPSC derivatives have found their way into first clinical studies for cell-based therapies. In this review article, we will give a brief overview of current methods for the generation and applications of primary APCs, but also specifically focus on different strategies for the generation of defined subsets of DCs and macrophages from human PSCs. Moreover, we will highlight the potential but also hurdles for the clinical translation of iPSC-derived APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Optimised generation of iPSC-derived macrophages and dendritic cells that are functionally and transcriptionally similar to their primary counterparts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243807. [PMID: 33332401 PMCID: PMC7746299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer the possibility to generate diverse disease-relevant cell types, from any genetic background with the use of cellular reprogramming and directed differentiation. This provides a powerful platform for disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapeutics. The critical question is how the differentiated iPSC-derived cells translate to their primary counterparts. Our refinement of a published differentiation protocol produces a CD14+ monocytic lineage at a higher yield, in a smaller format and at a lower cost. These iPSC-derived monocytes can be further differentiated into macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), both with similar morphological and functional profiles as compared to their primary counterparts. Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC-derived cells at different stages of differentiation as well as comparison to their blood-derived counterparts demonstrates a complete switch of iPSCs to cells expressing a monocyte, macrophage or DC specific gene profile. iPSC-derived macrophages respond to LPS treatment by inducing expression of classic macrophage pro-inflammatory response markers. Interestingly, though iPSC-derived DC show similarities to monocyte derived DC, they are more similar transcriptionally to a newly described subpopulation of AXL+ DC. Thus, our study provides a detailed and accurate profile of iPSC-derived monocytic lineage cells.
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14
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Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123581. [PMID: 33266109 PMCID: PMC7760556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer therapy, metastatic solid tumors remain largely incurable. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering and promising approach for cancer therapy and management, and in particular intended for advanced tumors unresponsive to current therapeutics. In cancer immunotherapy, components of the immune system are exploited to eliminate cancer cells and treat patients. The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer treatment. Despite their potential success, current approaches depend on efficient tumor antigen presentation which are often inaccessible, and most tumors turn refractory to current immunotherapy. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to share several characteristics with cancer (stem) cells (CSCs), eliciting a specific anti-tumoral response when injected in rodent cancer models. Indeed, artificial cellular reprogramming has been widely compared to the biogenesis of CSCs. Here, we will discuss the state-of-the-art on the potential implication of cellular reprogramming and iPSCs for the design of patient-specific immunotherapeutic strategies, debating the similarities between iPSCs and cancer cells and introducing potential strategies that could enhance the efficiency and therapeutic potential of iPSCs-based cancer vaccines.
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15
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Li W, Ma C, Song Y, Hong C, Qiao X, Yin B. Sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor using MOF-Ce@HA/Ag-HRP-Ab 2 as a nanoprobe. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:185605. [PMID: 31995543 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab70d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was one of the main methods for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this work, using Ce-MoF as the skeleton precursor, hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated on the surface of Ce-metal organic framework (Ce-MoF), which loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze H2O2 and double amplified the current signal. Thus, a sensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor (Ce-MoF@ HA/Ag-HRP) was designed to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The designed immunosensor used Au NPs to enhance the ability of attach more the first antibody (Ab1). This was due to Au NPs had good electrical conductivity and biocompatibility to accelerate electron transfer on the surface of the electrode. HA was riched in -COOH, -OH and had excellent biocompatibility, which can carry more Ag NPs to catalyze H2O2. Finally, the prepared sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor had excellent biocompatibility and great catalytic performance. The immunosensor can be tested within 30 min and the logarithm of the current signal and CEA concentration showed a broad linear response range of 1 pg ml-1-80 ng ml-1, and the detection limit of CEA was 0.2 pg ml-1. More importantly, the proposed immunosensor had good reproducibility, selectivity, stability and without matrix effect. This confirmed that the proposed immunosensor had broad prospects in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, People's Republic of China
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16
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Tan HL, Choo A. Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5752. [PMID: 31731794 PMCID: PMC6888136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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17
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Horton C, Davies TJ, Lahiri P, Sachamitr P, Fairchild PJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from primary dendritic cells provide an abundant source of immunostimulatory dendritic cells for use in immunotherapy. Stem Cells 2019; 38:67-79. [PMID: 31621975 PMCID: PMC7003857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell types differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are frequently arrested in their development program, more closely resembling a fetal rather than an adult phenotype, potentially limiting their utility for downstream clinical applications. The fetal phenotype of iPSC‐derived dendritic cells (ipDCs) is evidenced by their low expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, impaired secretion of IL‐12, and poor responsiveness to conventional maturation stimuli, undermining their use for applications such as immune‐oncology. Given that iPSCs display an epigenetic memory of the cell type from which they were originally derived, we investigated the feasibility of reprogramming adult DCs to pluripotency to determine the impact on the phenotype and function of ipDCs differentiated from them. Using murine bone marrow‐derived DCs (bmDCs) as proof of principle, we show here that immature DCs are tractable candidates for reprogramming using non‐integrating Sendai virus for the delivery of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c‐Myc transcription factors. Reprogramming efficiency of DCs was lower than mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and highly dependent on their maturation status. Although control iPSCs derived from conventional MEFs yielded DCs that displayed a predictable fetal phenotype and impaired immunostimulatory capacity in vitro and in vivo, DCs differentiated from DC‐derived iPSCs exhibited a surface phenotype, immunostimulatory capacity, and responsiveness to maturation stimuli indistinguishable from the source DCs, a phenotype that was retained for 15 passages of the parent iPSCs. Our results suggest that the epigenetic memory of iPSCs may be productively exploited for the generation of potently immunogenic DCs for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Horton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Davies
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Priyoshi Lahiri
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patty Sachamitr
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Introduction: Although many current cancer therapies are effective, the mortality rate globally is unacceptably high. Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide after heart disease and has caused nearly 10 million deaths in 2018. Additionally, current preventive therapies for cancer are underdeveloped, undermining the quality of life of high-risk individuals. Therefore, new treatment options for targeting cancer are urgently needed. In a recent study, researchers adopted an autologous iPSC-based vaccine to present a broad spectrum of tumor antigens to the immune system and succeeded in orchestrating a strong prophylactic immunity towards multiple types of cancer in mice. Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of how cancer develops, the role of immune surveillance in cancer progression, the current status and challenges of cancer immunotherapy as well as the genetic overlap between pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells. Finally, we discuss the rationale for an autologous iPSC-based vaccine and its applications in murine cancer models. Expert opinion: The autologous iPSC-based vaccine is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for fighting various types of cancers. Continuing efforts and clinical/translational follow-up studies may bring an autologous iPSC-based cancer vaccination approach from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Women's Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
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19
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Chi X, Yang P, Zhang E, Gu J, Xu H, Li M, Gao X, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Hu J. Significantly increased anti-tumor activity of carcinoembryonic antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in combination with recombinant human IL-12. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4753-4765. [PMID: 31237116 PMCID: PMC6712469 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background aims Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T cells) have been successfully used in treatments of hematological tumors, however, their anti‐tumor activity in solid tumor treatments was limited. As IL‐12 increases T‐cell immune functions, we designed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) specific CAR‐T (CEA‐CAR‐T) cells and, for the first time, used them in combination with recombinant human IL‐12 (rhIL‐12) to treat several types of solid tumors. Methods In vitro anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed by evaluation of CEA‐CAR‐T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity after co‐incubation with CEA‐positive or CEA‐negative human tumor cells. In vivo anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed in a xenograft model in nude mice for treatments of several types of solid tumors. Results In vitro experiments confirmed that rhIL‐12 significantly increased the activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells. Similarly, in vivo experiments found that CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 had significantly enhanced anti‐tumor activity than CEA‐CAR‐T cells in growth inhibition of newly colonized colorectal cancer cell HT‐29, pancreatic cancer cell AsPC‐1, and gastric cancer cell MGC803. Conclusions These works confirmed that simultaneous use of cytokines, for example, rhIL‐12, can increase the anti‐tumor activity of CAR‐T cells, especially for treatments of several types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chi
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- Development Center for Medicine Science and TechnologyNational Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingP. R. China
| | - Peiwei Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Erhao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jieyi Gu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xinmei Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
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20
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New Strategies and In Vivo Monitoring Methods for Stem Cell-Based Anticancer Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7315218. [PMID: 30581474 PMCID: PMC6276456 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7315218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease and the second cause of death in the developed world. Despite significant advances in recent years, such as the introduction of targeted therapies such as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy, current approaches are insufficient to stop the advance of the disease and many cancer types remain largely intractable. In this review, we describe the latest and most revolutionary stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of cancer. We also summarize the emerging imaging modalities being applied for monitoring anticancer stem cell therapy success and discuss the implications of these novel technologies for precision medicine.
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