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Vaher A, Kotta J, Szava-Kovats R, Kaasik A, Fetissov M, Aps R, Kõivupuu A. Assessing cumulative impacts of human-induced pressures on reef and sandbank habitats and associated biotopes in the northeastern Baltic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114042. [PMID: 35998526 PMCID: PMC9551195 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are impacted by multiple individual and combined anthropogenic pressures. We used meta-analysis and data-driven PlanWise4Blue decision support tool to predict individual and combined impacts of wind park development, nutrient loading, and invasive species on vulnerable reef and sandbank habitats and associated species-specific biotopes in the northeastern Baltic Sea. Many impacts were not statistically significant due to large between-study variance in effect sizes. Wind park development is predicted to have less impact than nutrient loading and invasive species. Predicted impacts varied greatly among larger-scale habitats versus smaller-scale biotopes with impacts being generally stronger at small scale. Excessive nutrient loading damages algae-based biotopes, the presence of nonnative species has substantial negative impacts on larger-scale reef and sandbank habitats. The results showed that a 25 % reduction of nutrient loading improves all examined benthic habitats, whereas nonnative species, which cannot be removed from ecosystems, pose a significant threat to these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleena Vaher
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia.
| | - Jonne Kotta
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Ants Kaasik
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
| | - Mihhail Fetissov
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
| | - Robert Aps
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
| | - Anneliis Kõivupuu
- University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute, Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
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2
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Yli-Renko M, Pettay JE, Rothäusler E, Vesakoski O. Lack of anti-predator recognition in a marine isopod under the threat of an invasive predatory crab. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe prey naïveté hypothesis suggests that the failure of prey to recognize novel predators as a threat is caused by a lack of anti-predator adaptations. We tested this hypothesis in a unique natural setting, where the isopod Idotea balthica encountered the rapidly spreading invasive crab, Rhithropanopeus harrissii. Earlier research had indicated high mortality of the isopods during exposure to R. harrissii. The isopod exerted no co-evolutionary history with any littoral crabs and thus the strong impact could be caused by lack of pre-adaptations towards the new predator species. We tested this hypothesis by studying the anti-predator responses of the isopods with water-born cues of R. harrissii and of the native predatory fish Perca fluviatilis. Compared to control water, the isopods lowered their activity when exposed to the fish cue. Instead crab cue did not induce anti-predator behaviour. We also tested the hypothesis that mortality caused by novel predator, similar to predation by P. fluviatilis, would result in differential selection for the two sexes and contribute to the evolution of personalities. However, we found no differences in anti-predator behaviour nor in mortality between the sexes or personalities of the isopods. The outcomes reveal an interesting evolutionary scenario, where predation by a local predator induce soft selection on prey characteristics, but an invasive species cause hard selection without differentiating between prey individuals. Our study—conducted in the dawn of the population outbreak of R. harrissii—provides an excellent reference point for studies resolving the evolutionary impacts of invasive predators on naïve prey.
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3
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Cuthbert RN, Briski E. Functional responses of an invasive mud crab across a salinity gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151684. [PMID: 34793792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental gradients may alter the ecological impacts of invasive alien species. In marine systems such as the Baltic Sea, current salinity is variable and seawater freshening is projected in future, potentially facilitating novel keystone predators. Here, we examine the influence of salinity variation in the western Baltic Sea (i.e. ambient 10, then 7 and 4 ppt) on the functional response (FR) of the Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii towards benthic macroinvertebrate prey at different densities. Rhithropanopeus harrisii displayed a Type II FR across salinities towards larval chironomids, due to a consistently high resource consumption rate at low prey densities. Feeding rates were significantly reduced at 4 ppt (mean 6 chironomid prey killed day-1) compared to 10 ppt and 7 ppt (9 killed day-1). Search efficiencies tended to be greatest at 10 ppt, whereas handling times were shortest - and maximum feeding rate highest - at the intermediate 7 ppt. These results suggest a slight reduction in predatory impact by R. harrisii at lower salinities. Nevertheless, across most prey densities, FRs were not significantly different, indicating sustained interaction strength across a range of salinity regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Elizabeta Briski
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Arnoldi J, Barbier M, Kelly R, Barabás G, Jackson AL. Invasions of ecological communities: Hints of impacts in the invader's growth rate. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Kelly
- Agri‐Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast UK
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology Department of IFM Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- ELTE‐MTA Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group Budapest Hungary
| | - Andrew L. Jackson
- Zoology Department School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Möllmann C, Cormon X, Funk S, Otto SA, Schmidt JO, Schwermer H, Sguotti C, Voss R, Quaas M. Tipping point realized in cod fishery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14259. [PMID: 34253825 PMCID: PMC8275682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tipping point dynamics in harvested ecosystems is of crucial importance for sustainable resource management because ignoring their existence imperils social-ecological systems that depend on them. Fisheries collapses provide the best known examples for realizing tipping points with catastrophic ecological, economic and social consequences. However, present-day fisheries management systems still largely ignore the potential of their resources to exhibit such abrupt changes towards irreversible low productive states. Using a combination of statistical changepoint analysis and stochastic cusp modelling, here we show that Western Baltic cod is beyond such a tipping point caused by unsustainable exploitation levels that failed to account for changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, climate change stabilizes a novel and likely irreversible low productivity state of this fish stock that is not adapted to a fast warming environment. We hence argue that ignorance of non-linear resource dynamics has caused the demise of an economically and culturally important social-ecological system which calls for better adaptation of fisheries systems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Möllmann
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Xochitl Cormon
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Funk
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia A Otto
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörn O Schmidt
- Center for Ocean and Society (CeOS), Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Schwermer
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ocean and Society (CeOS), Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Camilla Sguotti
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudi Voss
- Center for Ocean and Society (CeOS), Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Quaas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Liversage K, Kotta J, Kuprijanov I, Rätsep M, Nõomaa K. A trophic cascade facilitates native habitat providers within assemblages of multiple invasive marine species. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Liversage
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - J. Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - I. Kuprijanov
- Department of Marine Systems Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15a Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - M. Rätsep
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
| | - K. Nõomaa
- Estonian Marine Institute University of Tartu Mäealuse 14 Tallinn12618Estonia
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Plotnikov IS, Aladin NV, Mossin J, Høeg JT. Crustacean Fauna of the Aral Sea and its Relation to Ichthyofauna During the Modern Regression Crisis and Efforts at Restoration. Zool Stud 2021; 60:e25. [PMID: 34853615 PMCID: PMC8598976 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2021.60-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The regression and salinization of the Aral Sea, largely caused by water diversion for irrigation, is among the most severe ecological disasters of the 20th century, and has had severe health and economic consequences for the local population. Introductions of alien species to enhance commercial fisheries before the regression had already impacted the ecology of this system. Crustaceans made up about one-quarter of the original metazoan species and constituted the principal food for native and introduced fish. From 1960 on, crustaceans were recorded at numerous fixed sampling stations, including thanatocoenoses (dead animals from sediment cores). We use this previously unpublished information to document changes in species abundance and discuss their causes in the context of species interactions and changes to physical and chemical parameters. Competition from alien crustaceans led to declines in or even extinction of some native species, but eventually severe salinization became the main detriment, and resulted in the complete collapse of commercial fisheries. This seriously hurt a critical trade, which provided the principal protein source for the local population. We document how comparatively modest conservation efforts enabled the northern Small Aral Sea to partially recover and commercial fishing to resume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Plotnikov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: (Plotnikov); (Aladin)
| | - Nikolai V Aladin
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: (Plotnikov); (Aladin)
| | - Jens Mossin
- Gentoftegade 76, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. E-mail: (Mossin)
| | - Jens T Høeg
- Section of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: (Høeg)
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Vanbergen AJ, Boissieres C, Gray A, Chapman DS. Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210032. [PMID: 33823665 PMCID: PMC8059533 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte-microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heatwaves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Claire Boissieres
- L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alan Gray
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Daniel S. Chapman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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9
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Identification of Regime Shifts and Their Potential Drivers in the Shallow Eutrophic Lake Yilong, Southwest China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regime shifts in shallow lakes can lead to great changes in ecosystem structures and functions, making ecosystem management more complicated. Lake Yilong, located in Yunnan Province, is one of the most eutrophic lakes in China. Although there is a high possibility that this lake has undergone regime shift one or more times, the presence of regime shifts and their drivers remain unknown. Here, we employed the sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts to detect the regime shifts based on the long-term (1989–2018) dataset of the lake. We further determined their potential drivers, and explored the nutrient thresholds of regime shifts and hysteresis. The results showed that during the testing period, three regime shifts occurred in 1996 (restorative type), 2009 (catastrophic type) and 2014 (restorative type). The potential key drivers for the first two regime shifts (1996 and 2009) were both related to aquaculture. The abolition of cage fish culture may have led to the restorative regime shift in 1996, and the stocking of crabs and excessive premature releasing of fry possibly caused the catastrophic regime shift in 2009. However, the third regime shift, which occurred in 2014, was possibly related to the drought and succedent hydration. These results indicate that adjustments of aquaculture strategy and hydrological conditions are critical for the lake ecosystem’s recovery. Moreover, the total phosphorus thresholds were identified to be lower than 0.046 mg/L (restorative type) and higher than 0.105 mg/L (catastrophic type), respectively. In addition, an obvious hysteresis was observed after 2014, suggesting that nutrient reduction is important for this lake’s management in the future.
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10
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Guan L, Shan X, Jin X, Gorfine H, Yang T, Li Z. Evaluating spatio-temporal dynamics of multiple fisheries-targeted populations simultaneously: A case study of the Bohai Sea ecosystem in China. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Schumm MP. Digest: Will invaders adapt to climate change? Evolution 2019; 74:205-206. [PMID: 31743431 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis for invasive species' success is that they show high potential to evolve in response to environmental change. Logan et al. evaluate this hypothesis in the invasive harlequin ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis), using a breeding experiment to determine the genetic architecture of traits underlying thermal tolerance. Lack of heritable variation in some of these traits, and genetic correlations leading to trade-offs in others, suggest this species has limited potential to evolve in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Schumm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32304
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Liversage K, Kotta J, Aps R, Fetissov M, Nurkse K, Orav-Kotta H, Rätsep M, Forsström T, Fowler A, Lehtiniemi M, Normant-Saremba M, Puntila-Dodd R, Arula T, Hubel K, Ojaveer H. Knowledge to decision in dynamic seas: Methods to incorporate non-indigenous species into cumulative impact assessments for maritime spatial planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1452-1464. [PMID: 30678004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating ecosystem changes from non-indigenous species (NIS) is an important task of maritime spatial planning. Maritime spatial planning requires a framework that emphasises ecological functioning in a state of dynamic change, including changes to ecosystem services from functions introduced by new NIS. Adaptable modelling toolsets should be developed that can readily incorporate knowledge of new NIS. In the Baltic Sea, recent NIS examples are the North American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii and the Ponto-Caspian round goby Neogobius melanostomus. We performed environmental niche modelling that predicted N. melanostomus will spread across large areas of the Baltic Sea coast while R. harrisii will be limited to regions with high temperature and low salinity conditions. We then performed a meta-analysis on literature showing effects in the Baltic Sea from these NIS and calculated the standardised effect-sizes on relevant ecosystem services. Half the impacts identified for N. melanostomus were considered to increase ecosystem service outcomes, while all R. harrisii impacts caused apparent decreases. Effect coefficients were incorporated into an online impact assessment tool developed by the Estonian Marine Institute. Users with or without science training can use the portal to estimate areas impacted and changes to natural assets (km2) caused by these NIS and cumulative effects from other pressure-types. Impact estimates are based on best available knowledge from manipulative and correlative experiments and thus form a link between science and management. Dynamic modelling techniques informed from varied ecological and methodological perspectives will effectively advise spatial planners about rapid maritime changes and mitigation actions to reduce NIS impacts especially in the focus areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Liversage
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Aps
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mihhail Fetissov
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Nurkse
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Helen Orav-Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merli Rätsep
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tiia Forsström
- University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 10, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Amy Fowler
- Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA
| | - Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, P.O. Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Normant-Saremba
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Riikka Puntila-Dodd
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, P.O. Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Arula
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kalvi Hubel
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Henn Ojaveer
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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