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Rodríguez-Caro RC, Graciá E, Blomberg SP, Cayuela H, Grace M, Carmona CP, Pérez-Mendoza HA, Giménez A, Salguero-Gómez R. Anthropogenic impacts on threatened species erode functional diversity in chelonians and crocodilians. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1542. [PMID: 36977697 PMCID: PMC10050202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Anthropocene is tightly associated with a drastic loss of species worldwide and the disappearance of their key ecosystem functions. The orders Testudines (turtles and tortoises) and Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, and gharials) contain numerous threatened, long-lived species for which the functional diversity and potential erosion by anthropogenic impacts remains unknown. Here, we examine 259 (69%) of the existing 375 species of Testudines and Crocodilia, quantifying their life history strategies (i.e., trade-offs in survival, development, and reproduction) from open-access data on demography, ancestry, and threats. We find that the loss of functional diversity in simulated extinction scenarios of threatened species is greater than expected by chance. Moreover, the effects of unsustainable local consumption, diseases, and pollution are associated with life history strategies. In contrast, climate change, habitat disturbance, and global trade affect species independent of their life history strategy. Importantly, the loss of functional diversity for threatened species by habitat degradation is twice that for all other threats. Our findings highlight the importance of conservation programmes focused on preserving the functional diversity of life history strategies jointly with the phylogenetic representativity of these highly threatened groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Rodríguez-Caro
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicent del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| | - E Graciá
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - S P Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - H Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-769622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Grace
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - C P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H A Pérez-Mendoza
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - A Giménez
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - R Salguero-Gómez
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Max Plank Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuße Straße 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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2
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Gilman E, Chaloupka M, Benaka LR, Bowlby H, Fitchett M, Kaiser M, Musyl M. Phylogeny explains capture mortality of sharks and rays in pelagic longline fisheries: a global meta-analytic synthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18164. [PMID: 36307432 PMCID: PMC9616952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apex and mesopredators such as elasmobranchs are important for maintaining ocean health and are the focus of conservation efforts to mitigate exposure to fishing and other anthropogenic hazards. Quantifying fishing mortality components such as at-vessel mortality (AVM) is necessary for effective bycatch management. We assembled a database for 61 elasmobranch species and conducted a global meta-synthesis to estimate pelagic longline AVM rates. Evolutionary history was a significant predictor of AVM, accounting for up to 13% of variance in Bayesian phylogenetic meta-regression models for Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes clades. Phylogenetically related species may have a high degree of shared traits that explain AVM. Model-estimated posterior mean AVM rates ranged from 5% (95% HDI 0.1%-16%) for pelagic stingrays and 76% (95% HDI 49%-90%) for salmon sharks. Measures that reduce catch, and hence AVM levels, such as input controls, bycatch quotas and gear technology to increase selectivity are appropriate for species with higher AVM rates. In addition to reducing catchability, handling-and-release practices and interventions such as retention bans in shark sanctuaries and bans on shark finning and trade hold promise for species with lower AVM rates. Robust, and where applicable, phylogenetically-adjusted elasmobranch AVM rates are essential for evidence-informed bycatch policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gilman
- The Safina Center, Honolulu, USA.
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Milani Chaloupka
- Ecological Modelling Services Pty Ltd and Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee R Benaka
- Office of Science and Technology, U.S. NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Heather Bowlby
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Canada
| | - Mark Fitchett
- Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, USA
| | - Michel Kaiser
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Schofield G, Klaassen M, Papafitsoros K, Lilley MKS, Katselidis KA, Hays GC. Long-term photo-id and satellite tracking reveal sex-biased survival linked to movements in an endangered species. Ecology 2020; 101:e03027. [PMID: 32096220 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased survival linked to anthropogenic threats places populations at risk. We show the utility of long-term multidecadal photo-identification (photo-id) combined with long-term high-resolution (Fastloc-GPS) satellite telemetry to investigate the links between mortality rates and patterns of movement for a wide-ranging, endangered marine vertebrate. Using a photo-identification database of 947 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) compiled over 18 yr, we estimated greater annual survival rates of females (0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.90) compared to males (0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.78). For males satellite-tracked across multiple breeding seasons, 100% (26 of 26) returned to the same breeding site, suggesting the calculated lower male survival rate was likely not due to emigration to breed elsewhere. 10,111 and 2,524 tracking days for males (n = 39 individuals) and females (n = 18 individuals), respectively, revealed different habitat-use patterns outside the breeding season: males tended to occupy foraging sites closer to shore and closer to breeding sites but, due to their generally annual breeding, compared to biennial breeding for females, males migrated further per year on average. These differences in movement patterns likely contribute to higher mortality in males through increased interaction with anthropogenic threats. Long-term identification coupled with tracking offers great promise for estimating the survival rates of other wide-ranging species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Schofield
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3280, Australia
| | - Kostas Papafitsoros
- Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics, Mohrenstrasse 39, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,ARCHELON, The Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece, Solomou 57, GR-10432, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin K S Lilley
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Kostas A Katselidis
- National Marine Park of Zakynthos, 1 Eleftheriou Venizelou Street GR29100, Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Graeme C Hays
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3280, Australia
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The application of meta-analytic (multi-level) models with multiple random effects: A systematic review. Behav Res Methods 2020; 52:2031-2052. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chevallier D, Girondot M, Berzins R, Chevalier J, de Thoisy B, Fretey J, Kelle L, Lebreton JD. Survival and breeding interval of an endangered marine vertebrate, the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, in French Guiana. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of global change, endangered species such as sea turtles undergo strong population dynamics changes. Understanding demographic processes inducing such changes is critical for developing appropriate measures for conservation and management. Nesting females of the French Guiana population of leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea represented 40% of the world’s total in 2001; today, they represent only 10%. Here, we analyze data from the long-term monitoring program of leatherbacks in French Guiana, based on 28 yr of capture-mark-recapture data from 46051 individuals in northwestern French Guiana. We used multievent models (multistate capture-recapture models with state uncertainty) to represent the main peculiarity of the life cycle, intermittent reproduction, and to take advantage of the use of several different types of marks to account for mark loss and incomplete detection. The average annual adult survival probability (mean ± SE) 0.789 ± 0.009 is low compared to published estimates for this species. By combining the estimates of departure and return probabilities, we provide an estimate of the interval among laying seasons equal to 2.777 ± 0.118 yr, which matches previous findings. Taking survival into account, this interval translates into an average of 1.704 ± 0.034 further reproductive seasons for an adult female having just bred, which is remarkably low compared to other long-lived vertebrates. The representation of the life cycle and mark loss in our models provides a sound structure for broader and richer analyses to extract biological information from marked individuals and offers an invaluable source of demographic information on leatherbacks, a species for which only a small segment of the population is accessible to intermittent sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chevallier
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Unistra, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Girondot
- Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Berzins
- ONCFS, Campus Agronomique, 97319 Kourou CEDEX, French Guiana
| | | | - B de Thoisy
- Association Kwata, 97335 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - J Fretey
- UICN France, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Kelle
- WWF Guianas, French Guiana Office, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - JD Lebreton
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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Omeyer LCM, Fuller WJ, Godley BJ, Snape RTE, Broderick AC. The effect of biologging systems on reproduction, growth and survival of adult sea turtles. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:2. [PMID: 30723544 PMCID: PMC6350314 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-018-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemetry and biologging systems, 'tracking' hereafter, have been instrumental in meeting the challenges associated with studying the ecology and behaviour of cryptic, wide-ranging marine mega-vertebrates. Over recent decades, globally, sea turtle tracking has increased exponentially, across species and life-stages, despite a paucity of studies investigating the effects of such devices on study animals. Indeed, such studies are key to informing whether data collected are unbiased and, whether derived estimates can be considered typical of the population at large. METHODS Here, using a 26-year individual-based monitoring dataset on sympatric green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtles, we provide the first analysis of the effects of device attachment on reproduction, growth and survival of nesting females. RESULTS We found no significant difference in growth and reproductive correlates between tracked and non-tracked females in the years following device attachment. Similarly, when comparing pre- and post-tracking data, we found no significant difference in the reproductive correlates of tracked females for either species or significant carry-over effects of device attachment on reproductive correlates in green turtles. The latter was not investigated for loggerhead turtles due to small sample size. Finally, we found no significant effects of device attachment on return rates or survival of tracked females for either species. CONCLUSION While there were no significant detrimental effects of device attachment on adult sea turtles in this region, our study highlights the need for other similar studies elsewhere and the value of long-term individual-based monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. M. Omeyer
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE United Kingdom
| | - Wayne J. Fuller
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10, North Cyprus Turkey
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, PK.65 Kyrenia, Mersin 10, North Cyprus Turkey
| | - Brendan J. Godley
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE United Kingdom
| | - Robin T. E. Snape
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE United Kingdom
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, PK.65 Kyrenia, Mersin 10, North Cyprus Turkey
| | - Annette C. Broderick
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE United Kingdom
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Arsovski D, Olivier A, Bonnet X, Drilholle S, Tomović L, Béchet A, Golubović A, Besnard A. Covariates streamline age‐specific early life survival estimates of two chelonian species. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Arsovski
- CEBC UMR‐7372 CNRS ULR Villiers en Bois France
| | - A. Olivier
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat Arles France
| | - X. Bonnet
- CEBC UMR‐7372 CNRS ULR Villiers en Bois France
| | - S. Drilholle
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat Arles France
| | - L. Tomović
- Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - A. Béchet
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat Arles France
| | - A. Golubović
- Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - A. Besnard
- EPHE, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA UMR 5175 CEFE PSL Research University Montpellier France
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