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Zhao B, Dong W, Chen Z, Zhao X, Cai Z, Feng J, Li S, Sun X. Microbial inoculation accelerates rice straw decomposition by reshaping structure and function of lignocellulose-degrading microbial consortia in paddy fields. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131545. [PMID: 39341423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Inoculating lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms can accelerate straw decomposition in paddy field; however, the relationship between indigenous and inoculated microorganisms remains unclear. This study explored the effects of microbial inoculation on straw decomposition, microbial community, lignocellulose-degrading consortia, and associated functional genes. After inoculation, straw degradation rate increased by up to 4.9 %, and the rice yield increased by 790 kg/ha. Microbial inoculation restructured soil microbial community, influencing key taxa and interactions within the microbial network. A lignocellulose-degrading consortia consisting 37 genera was established, with a notable increase in the relative abundance of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria following inoculation. Among them, Pseudarthrobacter, with high lignin-degrading enzyme activity, emerged as a key genus after inoculation. Additionally, the abundance of lignin-degrading enzyme genes also increased significantly after inoculation. These findings offer new insights into how microbial inoculation accelerates the in situ decomposition of rice straw by reshaping the structure and function of lignocellulose-degrading consortia within the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhan Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenjun Dong
- Institute of Farming and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Zhiling Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhanjun Cai
- Ordos Mengkangyuan Biotechnology Research Co., Ltd, Erdos 017299, China
| | - Junjian Feng
- Liaoning Junzhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xianyun Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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2
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Sutaoney P, Rai SN, Sinha S, Choudhary R, Gupta AK, Singh SK, Banerjee P. Current perspective in research and industrial applications of microbial cellulases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130639. [PMID: 38453122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The natural interactions between various bacteria, fungi, and other cellulolytic microorganisms destroy lignocellulosic polymers. The efficacy of this process is determined by the combined action of three main enzymes: endoglucanases, exo-glucanases, and β-glucosidase. The enzyme attacks the polymeric structure's β-1,4-linkages during the cellulose breakdown reaction. This mechanism is crucial for the environment as it recycles cellulose in the biosphere. However, there are problems with enzymatic cellulose breakdown, including complex cellulase structure, insufficient degradation efficacy, high production costs, and post-translational alterations, many of which are closely related to certain unidentified cellulase properties. These issues impede the practical use of cellulases. A developing area of research is the application of this similar paradigm for industrial objectives. Cellulase enzyme exhibits greater promise in many critical industries, including biofuel manufacture, textile smoothing and finishing, paper and pulp manufacturing, and farming. However, the study on cellulolytic enzymes must move forward in various directions, including increasing the activity of cellulase as well as designing peptides to give biocatalysts their desired attributes. This manuscript includes an overview of current research on different sources of cellulases, their production, and biochemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India; Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sakshi Sinha
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachana Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Junwani, Durg 490005, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Paromita Banerjee
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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Gadd GM, Fomina M, Pinzari F. Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0020022. [PMID: 38179930 PMCID: PMC10966957 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00200-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYFungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, and their abilities to decompose, degrade, and otherwise transform a massive range of organic and inorganic substances, including plant organic matter, rocks, and minerals, underpin their major significance as biodeteriogens in the built environment and of cultural heritage. Fungi are often the most obvious agents of cultural heritage biodeterioration with effects ranging from discoloration, staining, and biofouling to destruction of building components, historical artifacts, and artwork. Sporulation, morphological adaptations, and the explorative penetrative lifestyle of filamentous fungi enable efficient dispersal and colonization of solid substrates, while many species are able to withstand environmental stress factors such as desiccation, ultra-violet radiation, salinity, and potentially toxic organic and inorganic substances. Many can grow under nutrient-limited conditions, and many produce resistant cell forms that can survive through long periods of adverse conditions. The fungal lifestyle and chemoorganotrophic metabolism therefore enable adaptation and success in the frequently encountered extremophilic conditions that are associated with indoor and outdoor cultural heritage. Apart from free-living fungi, lichens are a fungal growth form and ubiquitous pioneer colonizers and biodeteriogens of outdoor materials, especially stone- and mineral-based building components. This article surveys the roles and significance of fungi in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage, with reference to the mechanisms involved and in relation to the range of substances encountered, as well as the methods by which fungal biodeterioration can be assessed and combated, and how certain fungal processes may be utilized in bioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Marina Fomina
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National Reserve “Sophia of Kyiv”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Flavia Pinzari
- Institute for Biological Systems (ISB), Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy
- Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Stratigaki M, Armirotti A, Ottonello G, Manente S, Traviglia A. Fungal and bacterial species richness in biodeteriorated seventeenth century Venetian manuscripts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7003. [PMID: 38523163 PMCID: PMC10961312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Historical paper documents are susceptible to complex degradation processes, including biodeterioration, which can progressively compromise their aesthetic and structural integrity. This study analyses seventeenth century handwritten historical letters stored at the Correr Museum Library in Venice, Italy, exhibiting pronounced signs of biodeterioration. The techniques used encompassed traditional colony isolation on agar plates and proteomics analyses, employing nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS). Fluorescence microscopy was used for the first time in the historical paper biodeterioration context to supplement the conventional stereoscopic, optical, and scanning electron microscopic imaging techniques. This method enables the visualisation of microorganisms beyond and beneath the paper's surface through their natural intrinsic autofluorescence in a non-invasive and non-destructive way. The results demonstrate a diverse, complex, and abundant microbiota composed of coexisting fungal and bacterial species (Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria), along with mite carcasses, insects, parasites, and possibly protists. Furthermore, this study reveals certain species that were not previously documented in the biodeterioration of historical paper, including human pathogens, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Brucella, Candida albicans, and species of Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. niger) known to cause infections or produce mycotoxins, posing substantial risk to both artefacts and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stratigaki
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manente
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Arianna Traviglia
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
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Campos-Quiroz C, Castro JF, Santelices C, Carrasco-Fernández J, Guerra M, Cares-Gatica D, Ortiz-Campos J, Ocares Y, Barra-Bucarei L, Theelen B. Description of Two Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. patagonica: Coniochaeta fragariicola sp. nov. and a New Record of Coniochaeta hansenii. TAXONOMY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/taxonomy3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Prospection of the endosphere of the native plant Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. patagonica from the foothills of the Chilean Andes led to the isolation of two strains of the genus Coniochaeta. We addressed the taxonomic placement of these strains based on DNA sequencing data using the ITS and LSU genetic markers, morphological features, and biochemical traits. One of these strains was identified as Coniochaeta hansenii, for which the anamorph and teleomorph states were described. The second strain did not seem to match any of the currently described species of this genus; therefore, we propose the name Coniochaeta fragariicola sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Campos-Quiroz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Jean Franco Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Cecilia Santelices
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Jorge Carrasco-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Matías Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Diego Cares-Gatica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Javiera Ortiz-Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Yocelyn Ocares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Lorena Barra-Bucarei
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu. Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Ñuble, Chile
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Diversity of Cellulolytic Microorganisms Associated with the Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes grassei. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030294. [PMID: 36983462 PMCID: PMC10051133 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulitermes grassei is a subterranean termite species that forages on woody structures of the Iberian Peninsula, and is often a building and crops pest. A total of 23 microorganisms associated with the activity of R. grassei were isolated from colonized ecosystems in southern Spain. They were morphologically and molecularly characterized, with fungi being the most prevalent ones. The fungi showed high values of optimum growth temperature, suggesting that they could be able to survive and develop in warm regions. Their cellulolytic activity was tested in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar, concluding that all fungal isolates produce cellulases, and the enzymatic index (EI) was revealed in CMC agar with Gram’s iodine solution, with Penicillium citrinum showing the highest EI and Trichoderma longibrachiatum the highest mycelial growth rate on CMC. A preliminary microorganism dispersion assay was carried out with the termites, concluding that these insects may have a positive influence on fungal dispersion and the subsequent colonization of new substrates. Our study suggests that fungi associated with R. grassei may potentially be of interest in biotechnological fields such as biofuel production and the food industry.
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7
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Tessaro APG, de Araujo LG, Silva TT, Coelho E, Corrêa B, Rolindo NC, Vicente R. Prospects for fungal bioremediation of unburied waste packages from the Goiânia radiological accident. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41045-41059. [PMID: 36627427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Goiânia, the Goiás State capital, starred in 1987, where one of the largest radiological accidents in the world happened. A teletherapy machine was subtracted from a derelict radiotherapy clinic and disassembled by scavengers who distributed fragments of the 50 TBq 137CsCl source among relatives and acquaintances, enchanted by the blue shine of the substance. During the 15 days before the accident was acknowledged, contaminated recycling materials were delivered to recycling factories in four cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the form of recycling paper bales. The contaminated bales were spotted, collected, and stored in fifty 1.6 m3 steel boxes at the interim storage facility of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN). In 2017, a check of the content was performed in a few boxes and the presence of high moisture content was observed even though the bales were dry when conditioned and the packages were kept sealed since then. The main objective of this work was to report the fungi found in the radioactive waste after they evolved for 30 years in isolation inside the waste boxes and their role in the decay of the waste. Examination of the microbiome showed the presence of nematodes and fungal communities. The fungi species isolated were Aspergillus quadricinctus, Fusarium oxysporum, Lecanicillium coprophilumi, Scedosporium boydii, Scytalidium lignicola, Xenoacremonium recifei, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. These microorganisms showed a significant capacity to digest cellulose in our trials, which could be one of the ways they survive in such a harsh environment, reducing the volume of radioactive paper waste. These metabolic abilities give us a future perspective of using these fungi in biotechnology to remediate radioactively contaminated materials, particularly cellulose-based waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gimenes Tessaro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Goulart de Araujo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Current Affiliation, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 88000, Epinal, IJL, France.
| | - Thalita Tieko Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ednei Coelho
- Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 1374, Brazil
| | - Benedito Corrêa
- Microbiology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 1374, Brazil
| | - Natalie Costa Rolindo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Vicente
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Escudero-Leyva E, Vieto S, Avendaño R, Rojas-Gätjens D, Agüero P, Pacheco C, Montero ML, Chaverri P, Chavarría M. Fungi with history: Unveiling the mycobiota of historic documents of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279914. [PMID: 36652424 PMCID: PMC9847896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the physicochemical characteristics and mycobiota associated to five key historic documents from Costa Rica, including the Independence Act of Costa Rica from 1821. We used nondestructive techniques (i.e., ATR-FTIR and XRF) to determine paper and ink composition. Results show that some documents are composed of cotton-based paper, whereas others were made of wood cellulose with an increased lignin content. We also determined that the ink employed in some of the documents is ferrogallic. Cultivation and molecular techniques were used to characterize the fungi inhabiting the documents. In total, 22 fungal isolates were obtained: 15 from the wood-cellulose-based documents and seven from the other three cotton-based. We also tested the cellulolytic activity of the recovered fungi; 95% of the fungi presented cellulolytic activity correlated to their ability to cause deterioration of the paper. Results suggest that cotton-based paper is the most resistant to fungal colonization and that most of the isolates have cellulolytic activity. This work increases the knowledge of the fungal diversity that inhabits historic documents and its relationship with paper composition and provides valuable information to develop strategies to conserve and restore these invaluable documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Escudero-Leyva
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sofía Vieto
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paola Agüero
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Mavis L. Montero
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MC)
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail: (PC); (MC)
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9
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Sim JXF, Drigo B, Doolette CL, Vasileiadis S, Karpouzas DG, Lombi E. Impact of twenty pesticides on soil carbon microbial functions and community composition. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135820. [PMID: 35944675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to affect non-targeted soil microorganisms. Still, studies comparing the effect of multiple pesticides on a wide range of microbial endpoints associated with carbon cycling are scarce. Here, we employed fluorescence enzymatic assay and real-time PCR to evaluate the effect of 20 commercial pesticides, applied at their recommended dose and five times their recommended dose, on soil carbon cycling related enzymatic activities (α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase, β-d-cellobiohydrolase and β-xylosidase), and on the absolute abundance of functional genes (cbhl and chiA), in three different South Australian agricultural soils. The effects on cellulolytic and chitinolytic microorganisms, and the total microbial community composition were determined using shotgun metagenomic sequencing in selected pesticide-treated and untreated samples. The application of insecticides significantly increased the cbhl and chiA genes absolute abundance in the acidic soil. At the community level, insecticide fipronil had the greatest stimulating effect on cellulolytic and chitinolytic microorganisms, followed by fungicide metalaxyl-M and insecticide imidacloprid. A shift towards a fungal dominated microbial community was observed in metalaxyl-M treated soil. Overall, our results suggest that the application of pesticides might affect the soil carbon cycle and may disrupt the formation of soil organic matter and structure stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowenna X F Sim
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Casey L Doolette
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Sotirios Vasileiadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Larissa, Viopolis, 41500, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Larissa, Viopolis, 41500, Greece
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia; University of South Australia, UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
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10
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Enzyme activity of Aspergillus section Nigri strains isolated from the Korean fermentation starter, nuruk. J Microbiol 2022; 60:998-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Biocontrol of Phytophthora xcambivora on Castanea sativa: Selection of Local Trichoderma spp. Isolates for the Management of Ink Disease. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Ink disease is a devastating disease of chestnut (Castanea sativa) worldwide, caused by Phytophthora species. The only management measures of this disease are chemical and agronomic interventions. This work focuses on the evaluation of the in vitro antagonistic capacity of 20 isolates of Trichoderma spp. selected in a diseased chestnut orchard in Tuscan Apennines (San Godenzo, Italy) for the biocontrol of Phytophthora xcambivora. Each Trichoderma isolate was tested to investigate pathogen inhibition capability by antagonism in dual cultures and antibiosis by secondary metabolites production (diffusible and Volatile Organic Compounds). The six most performing isolates of Trichoderma spp. were further assessed for their aptitude to synthesize chitinase, glucanase and cellulase, and to act as mycoparasite. All six selected isolates displayed the capability to control the pathogen in vitro by synergistically coupling antibiosis and mycoparasitism at different levels regardless of the species they belong to, but rather, in relation to specific features of the single genotypes. In particular, T. hamatum SG18 and T. koningiopsis SG6 displayed the most promising results in pathogen inhibition, thus further investigations are needed to confirm their in vivo efficacy.
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12
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Ahmed Eldeeb HM, Ali MF, Mansour MMA, Ali Ahmed MA, Salem MZM. Monitoring the effects of fungi isolated from archival document on model albumen silver prints. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105632. [PMID: 35714847 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are a common problem in the photographic collection, so the aim of this study focused on isolating and molecular identification of fungi from old albumen prints dating to an archive of Dr. Francis and belonging to the Al-Hagar Family and dating back to 1880-1890. The isolated fungi were identified according to their morphological traits and PCR sequencing. The ability of these isolates to cause deterioration was evaluated on model samples (2 × 2 cm) of albumen silver prints. The effect of these fungi on the morphology and structure of the tested samples were examined by SEM, ATR-FTIR, and chromatic alternations. Four fungal species Aspergillus sydowii, A. flavus, Talaromyces atroroseus, and Penicillium chrysogenum were identified. All isolates were able to grow on the surface of the model Albumen silver print and were capable of causing damage to the binder and able to extend their growth to the paper fibers. A. sydowii, A. flavus, and P. chrysogenum caused hydrolysis and oxidation to the albumen prints, while no significant chemical damage to the albumen was detected for the photographic sample infected with T. atroroseus. All the inoculated samples were significantly affected in terms of color change and the high-light areas have become darker. ATR-FTIR spectra showed the degradation of the protein content in Albumen silver prints inoculated with A. sydowii, A. flavus, and P. chrysogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona F Ali
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maisa M A Mansour
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha Ahmed Ali Ahmed
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
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Boro N, Narzary D. Amylolytic Fungi in the Ethnic Beer Starter “emao” and Their Beer-Producing Attributes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.869430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring autochthonous microbes associated with ethnic beer starters are diverse and important as they play different functional roles in beer fermentations. The study on culturable microbes from the ethnic rice beer starter “emao” of the Bodo community of Assam is limited. Here we isolated and identified the culturable fungal diversity associated with emao and screened them for beer-producing capability from glucose and starch substrates. Based on morphology and molecular characterization, the species identified were Candida glabrata (Cgla_RF2), Cyberlindnera fabianii (Cfab_RF37), Hyphopichia burtonii (Hbur_RF19), Mucor circinelloides (Mcir_RF48), Mucor indicus (Mind_RF25), Penicillium citrinum (Pcit_RF32), Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae (Rrui_RF4 & Rrui_RF43), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Scer_RF6), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Sfib_RF11), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Wano_RF3) among which the relative abundance (RA) of W. anomalus was the highest (24%) followed by C. glabrata and H. burtonii (16% in each). Five (Hbur_RF19, Sfib_RF11, Mind_RF25, Mcir_RF48, and Pcit_RF32) of eleven isolates showed amylase positive in the starch medium. Scer_RF6 showed the highest ethanol tolerance (14% v/v) followed by Hbur_RF19 (12% v/v), Cgla_RF2 (11% v/v) and Wano_RF3 (11% v/v). The amylase-positive strains produced beer-containing ethanol in the range of 3.17–7.3 (% v/v) from rice substrate. Although the rice beer produced by amylase-positive strains showed negligible pH difference, other parameters like ethanol, ascorbic acid, total phenol, and antioxidant properties were varied from beer to beer. Antibacterial activities shown by Mcir_RF48 and Pcit_RF32 against the test bacteria were higher with a 23–35 mm zone of inhibition than the other isolates. The present findings reveal the presence of fungi with antibacterial, amylolytic, ethanol fermenting, and antioxidant producing capacity in emao which could the source for future bioprospection.
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14
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Identification of Microorganisms Dwelling on the 19th Century Lanna Mural Paintings from Northern Thailand Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020228. [PMID: 35205094 PMCID: PMC8869426 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we compared microbial communities in Lanna mural paintings in temples with different numbers of visitors using culture-dependent and culture independent approaches. The results showed that microorganisms could damage the colors that are used on murals. The process of degradation involved the production of organic acids and formation of the calcium crystal. Furthermore, we found that the site with higher number of visitors is associated with microbial contamination from humans while the site with lower number of visitors had higher saprotroph population. Further research into these microorganisms, their activities and functional roles may provide crucial information to aid the preservation of mural paintings. Abstract Lanna painting is a unique type of painting in many temples in the Northern Thai region. Similar to most mural paintings, they usually decay over time partly due to the activity of microbes. This study aimed to investigate the microorganisms from two Lanna masterpiece paintings in two temples that differ in the numbers of visitors using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The microorganisms isolated from the murals were also tested for the biodeterioration activities including discoloration, acid production and calcium precipitation. Most microorganisms extracted from the paintings were able to discolor the paints, but only fungi were able to discolor, produce acids and precipitate calcium. The microorganism communities, diversity and functional prediction were also investigated using the culture-independent method. The diversity of microorganisms and functional prediction were different between the two temples. Gammaproteobacteria was the predominant group of bacteria in both temples. However, the fungal communities were different between the two temples as Aspergillus was the most abundant genus in the site with higher number of visitors [Buak Krok Luang temple (BK)]. Conversely, mural paintings at Tha Kham temple (TK) were dominated by the Neodevriesia genera. We noticed that a high number of visitors (Buak Krok Luang) was correlated with microbial contamination from humans while the microbial community at Tha Kham temple had a higher proportion of saprotrophs. These results could be applied to formulate a strategy to mitigate the amount of tourists as well as manage microorganism to slow down the biodeterioration process.
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Degradation potential of different lignocellulosic residues by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma afroharzianum under solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Helal GA, Khalil RR, Galal YG, Soliman SM, Abd Elkader RS. Studies on cellulases of some cellulose-degrading soil fungi. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Vieto S, Escudero-Leyva E, Avendaño R, Rechnitzer N, Barrantes-Madrigal MD, Conejo-Barboza G, Herrera-Sancho OA, Chaverri P, Chavarría M. Biodeterioration and cellulolytic activity by fungi isolated from a nineteenth-century painting at the National Theatre of Costa Rica. Fungal Biol 2021; 126:101-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Thermotolerance and Cellulolytic Activity of Fungi Isolated from Soils/Waste Materials in the Industrial Region of Nigeria. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2660-2671. [PMID: 34002268 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed on isolating thermotolerant, cellulolytic fungi from different tropical soil/waste materials samples such as wood waste, sawmill, decomposing straw and compost pit sites in Abraka, Southern Nigeria and assessing their applications in diverse cellulolytic processes. Fungal isolates were identified based on cultural, morphological, ITS-5.8S barcoding, reproductive structures and thereafter screened for thermotolerance and cellulolytic activities [carboxy methyl cellulase (CMC-ase) and filter paperase (FP-ase)] by cultivating at 45, 50, 60, 70, 80° and 45 °C, respectively. The highest fungal abundance (44.4%) was observed in the compost pit while the lowest (11.1%) was recorded for sawmill. Nine thermotolerant fungal isolates were identified: Aspergillus flavus (4), Blakeslea sp. (3), and Trichoderma asperellum (2). Among them only five, including three A. flavus, one Blakeslea sp. and one T. asperellum, exhibited cellulolytic activity ranging from 12.11 ± 0.01 to 18.42 ± 5.39 µg/mL and 0.36 ± 0.01-9.21 ± 2.52 µg/mL for CMC-ase and filter paperase FP-ase assay, respectively. The low Michaelis-Menten constants of 1.137 for CMC-ase and 1.195 for FP-ase were obtained, indicated a strong affinity for the substrate. The thermotolerance coupled with cellulolytic activity of these isolates make them attractive for potential application in industries where they can be of economic and environmental benefits as against the use of chemicals.
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Biologically active secondary metabolites and biotechnological applications of species of the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales): an updated review from 2016 to 2021. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Current Knowledge on the Fungal Degradation Abilities Profiled through Biodeteriorative Plate Essays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are known to contribute to the development of drastic biodeterioration of historical and valuable cultural heritage materials. Understandably, studies in this area are increasingly reliant on modern molecular biology techniques due to the enormous benefits they offer. However, classical culture dependent methodologies still offer the advantage of allowing fungal species biodeteriorative profiles to be studied in great detail. Both the essays available and the results concerning distinct fungal species biodeteriorative profiles obtained by amended plate essays, remain scattered and in need of a deep summarization. As such, the present work attempts to provide an overview of available options for this profiling, while also providing a summary of currently known fungal species putative biodeteriorative abilities solely obtained by the application of these methodologies. Consequently, this work also provides a series of checklists that can be helpful to microbiologists, restorers and conservation workers when attempting to safeguard cultural heritage materials worldwide from biodeterioration.
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21
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Fungal Genomic Resources for Strain Identification and Diversity Analysis of 1900 Fungal Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040288. [PMID: 33921243 PMCID: PMC8070597 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and diversity analysis of fungi is greatly challenging. Though internal transcribed spacer (ITS), region-based DNA fingerprinting works as a “gold standard” for most of the fungal species group, it cannot differentiate between all the groups and cryptic species. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to find an alternative approach for strain differentiation. Availability of whole genome sequence data of nearly 2000 fungal species are a promising solution to such requirement. We present whole genome sequence-based world’s largest microsatellite database, FungSatDB having >19M loci obtained from >1900 fungal species/strains using >4000 assemblies across globe. Genotyping efficacy of FungSatDB has been evaluated by both in-silico and in-vitro PCR. By in silico PCR, 66 strains of 8 countries representing four continents were successfully differentiated. Genotyping efficacy was also evaluated by in vitro PCR in four fungal species. This approach overcomes limitation of ITS in species, strain signature, and diversity analysis. It can accelerate fungal genomic research endeavors in agriculture, industrial, and environmental management.
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22
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Forin N, Vizzini A, Fainelli F, Ercole E, Baldan B. Taxonomic Re-Examination of Nine Rosellinia Types (Ascomycota, Xylariales) Stored in the Saccardo Mycological Collection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:666. [PMID: 33807044 PMCID: PMC8005106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent monograph on the genus Rosellinia, type specimens worldwide were revised and re-classified using a morphological approach. Among them, some came from Pier Andrea Saccardo's fungarium stored in the Herbarium of the Padova Botanical Garden. In this work, we taxonomically re-examine via a morphological and molecular approach nine different Roselliniasensu Saccardo types. ITS1 and/or ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained applying Illumina MiSeq technology and phylogenetic analyses were carried out in order to elucidate their current taxonomic position. Only the ITS1 sequence was recovered for Rosellinia areolata, while for R. geophila, only the ITS2 sequence was recovered. We proposed here new combinations for Rosellinia chordicola, R. geophila and R. horridula, while for R. ambigua, R. areolata, R. australis, R. romana and R. somala, we did not suggest taxonomic changes compared to the current ones. The name Rosellinia subsimilis Sacc. is invalid, as it is a later homonym of R. subsimilis P. Karst. & Starbäck. Therefore, we introduced Coniochaeta dakotensis as a nomen novum for R. subsimilis Sacc. This is the first time that these types have been subjected to a molecular study. Our results demonstrate that old types are an important source of DNA sequence data for taxonomic re-examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Forin
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, 15, 35123 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Torino), C.N.R., Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Federico Fainelli
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, 15, 35123 Padova, Italy;
| | - Enrico Ercole
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, 15, 35123 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58b, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Determining Cellulolytic Activity of Microorganisms. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Decomposition of cellulose to glucose requires complex cooperation of glycoside hydrolase enzymes. As a result of glycoside β-1,4 bonds hydrolysis, shorter chains of cellulose, oligodextrin, cellobiose and glucose are created. A number of bacteria and fungi demonstrate the capacity to degrade cellulose. Their activity can be assessed with the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods with the use of e.g. Congo red, are used in screening studies, however, they do not provide information about the quantity of the produced enzyme. Spectrophotometric methods are more accurate and they measure the quantities of reducing sugars with the use of appropriate substrates, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose is used to determine endoglucanases, avicel cellulose to determine exoglucanases and Whatman filter paper to determine total cellulolytic activity. Activity of microorganisms depends not only on their species or type but also, among others, on substratum composition, cultivation conditions and the appropriate selection of parameters of the carried out enzymatic reactions.
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24
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Pyzik A, Ciuchcinski K, Dziurzynski M, Dziewit L. The Bad and the Good-Microorganisms in Cultural Heritage Environments-An Update on Biodeterioration and Biotreatment Approaches. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E177. [PMID: 33401448 PMCID: PMC7795576 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cultural heritage objects constitute a very diverse environment, inhabited by various bacteria and fungi. The impact of these microorganisms on the degradation of artworks is undeniable, but at the same time, some of them may be applied for the efficient biotreatment of cultural heritage assets. Interventions with microorganisms have been proven to be useful in restoration of artworks, when classical chemical and mechanical methods fail or produce poor or short-term effects. The path to understanding the impact of microbes on historical objects relies mostly on multidisciplinary approaches, combining novel meta-omic technologies with classical cultivation experiments, and physico-chemical characterization of artworks. In particular, the development of metabolomic- and metatranscriptomic-based analyses associated with metagenomic studies may significantly increase our understanding of the microbial processes occurring on different materials and under various environmental conditions. Moreover, the progress in environmental microbiology and biotechnology may enable more effective application of microorganisms in the biotreatment of historical objects, creating an alternative to highly invasive chemical and mechanical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pyzik
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (M.D.); (L.D.)
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25
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Abo Nahas HH, Abdel-Azeem MA, Balbool BA, Mousa MK, Ali NH, Darwish AMG. Biodiversity and Industrial Applications of Genus Chaetomium. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Abo Nahas HH, Abdel-Azeem MA, Tariq FJ, Yadav AN. Biodiversity and Ecological Perspective of Industrially Important Fungi An Introduction. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Linkies A, Jacob S, Zink P, Maschemer M, Maier W, Koch E. Characterization of cultural traits and fungicidal activity of strains belonging to the fungal genus Chaetomium. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:375-391. [PMID: 33249672 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Compare and characterize Chaetomium strains with special regard to their potentialities as biocontrol agents. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve strains of the fungal genus Chaetomium from diverse ecological niches were identified as belonging to six different species. Large differences were observed between the strains with regard to temperature requirements for mycelial growth and pigmentation of culture filtrates. Culture filtrates and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed for fungicidal effects against important phytopathogens both on agar media and in multiwell plates. The samples from Chaetomium globosum were particularly active against Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenophora graminea and Bipolaris sorokiniana, while those from C. cochliodes and C. aureum were inhibitory towards Phytophthora infestans, and P. infestans and Fusarium culmorum respectively. To narrow down the active principle, the most promising extracts were separated by preparative HPLC and the resulting fractions tested in bioassays. Chaetoglobosins were identified as active compounds produced by C. globosum. CONCLUSIONS The bioassays revealed C. aureum and C. cochliodes as promising candidates for use in biocontrol. Both showed remarkably good activity against the prominent plant pathogen P. infestans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We provide the first systematic study comparing six different Chaetomium species with regard to their use as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Linkies
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - S Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - P Zink
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Maier
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Koch
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany
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28
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Park T, Ma L, Ma Y, Zhou X, Bu D, Yu Z. Dietary energy sources and levels shift the multi-kingdom microbiota and functions in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32582444 PMCID: PMC7310258 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary energy source and level in lactation diets can profoundly affect milk yield and composition. Such dietary effects on lactation performance are underpinned by alteration of the rumen microbiota, of which bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa may vary differently. However, few studies have examined all the four groups of rumen microbes. This study investigated the effect of both the level and source of dietary energy on rumen bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial design resulted in four dietary treatments: low and high dietary energy levels (LE: 1.52–1.53; and HE: 1.71–1.72 Mcal/kg dry matter) and two dietary energy sources (GC: finely ground corn; and SFC: steam-flaked corn). We used a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using eight primiparous Chinese Holstein cows with each period lasting for 21 d. The rumen microbiota was analyzed using metataxonomics based on kingdom-specific phylogenetic markers [16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea, 18S rRNA gene for protozoa, and internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) for fungi] followed with subsequent functional prediction using PICRUSt2. Results The GC resulted in a higher prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) species richness and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity than SFC. For the eukaryotic (fungi and protozoa) microbiota, the LE diets led to significantly higher values of the above measurements than the HE diets. Among the major classified taxa, 23 genera across all the kingdoms differed in relative abundance between the two dietary energy levels, while only six genera (none being protozoal) were differentially abundant between the two energy sources. Based on prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from all the samples, overall functional profiles predicted using PICRUSt2 differed significantly between LE and HE but not between the two energy sources. FishTaco analysis identified Ruminococcus and Coprococcus as the taxa potentially contributing to the enriched KEGG pathways for biosynthesis of amino acids and to the metabolisms of pyruvate, glycerophospholipid, and nicotinate and nicotinamide in the rumen of HE-fed cows. The co-occurrence networks were also affected by the dietary treatments, especially the LE and GC diets, resulting in distinct co-occurrence networks. Several microbial genera appeared to be strongly correlated with one or more lactation traits. Conclusions Dietary energy level affected the overall rumen multi-kingdom microbiota while little difference was noted between ground corn and steam-flaked corn. Some genera were also affected differently by the four dietary treatments, including genera that had been shown to be correlated with lactation performance or feed efficiency. The co-occurrence patterns among the genera exclusively found for each dietary treatment may suggest possible metabolic interactions specifically affected by the dietary treatment. Some of the major taxa were positively correlated to milk properties and may potentially serve as biomarkers of one or more lactation traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Lu Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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Cabral A, Azinheira HG, Talhinhas P, Batista D, Ramos AP, Silva MDC, Oliveira H, Várzea V. Pathological, Morphological, Cytogenomic, Biochemical and Molecular Data Support the Distinction between Colletotrichum cigarro comb. et stat. nov. and Colletotrichum kahawae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E502. [PMID: 32295225 PMCID: PMC7238176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum has witnessed tremendous variations over the years in the number of species recognized, ranging from 11 to several hundreds. Host-specific fungal species, once the rule, are now the exception, with polyphagous behavior regarded as normal in this genus. The species Colletotrichum kahawae was created to accommodate the pathogens that have the unique ability to infect green developing coffee berries causing the devastating Coffee Berry Disease in Africa, but its close phylogenetic relationship to a polyphagous group of fungi in the C. gloeosporioides species complex led some researchers to regard these pathogens as members of a wider species. In this work we combine pathological, morphological, cytogenomic, biochemical, and molecular data of a comprehensive set of phylogenetically-related isolates to show that the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen forms a separate species, C. kahawae, and also to assign the closely related fungi, previously in C. kahawae subsp. cigarro, to a new species, C. cigarro comb. et stat. nov. This taxonomic clarification provides an opportunity to link phylogeny and functional biology, and additionally enables a much-needed tool for plant pathology and agronomy, associating exclusively C. kahawae to the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabral
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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Montero-Vargas M, Escudero-Leyva E, Díaz-Valerio S, Chaverri P. Step-by-Step Pipeline for the Ecological Analysis of Endophytic Fungi using ITS nrDNA Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:e96. [PMID: 31910332 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is accepted as the genetic marker or barcode of choice for the identification of fungal samples. Here, we present a protocol to analyze fungal ITS data, from quality preprocessing of raw sequences to identification of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), taxonomic classification, and assignment of functional traits. The pipeline relies on well-established and manually curated data collections, namely the UNITE database and the FUNGuild script. As an example, real ITS data from culturable endophytic fungi were analyzed, providing detailed descriptions for every step, parameter, and downstream analysis, and finishing with a phylogenetic analysis of the sequences and assigned ecological roles. This article constitutes a comprehensive guide for researchers that have little familiarity with bioinformatic analysis of essential steps required in further ecological studies of fungal communities. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Raw sequencing data processing Support Protocol: Building a BLAST database Basic Protocol 2: Obtaining information from databases Basic Protocol 3: Phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maripaz Montero-Vargas
- Colaboratorio Nacional de Computación Avanzada (CNCA), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Efraín Escudero-Leyva
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Stefani Díaz-Valerio
- Colaboratorio Nacional de Computación Avanzada (CNCA), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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31
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Darwish AMG, Abdel-Azeem AM. Chaetomium Enzymes and Their Applications. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Pinheiro AC, Sequeira SO, Macedo MF. Fungi in archives, libraries, and museums: a review on paper conservation and human health. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:686-700. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1690420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pinheiro
- Departamento de Conservação e Restauro da Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Oliveira Sequeira
- Departamento de Conservação e Restauro da Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
- Vicarte, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Macedo
- Departamento de Conservação e Restauro da Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
- Vicarte, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
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Carotenoid-producing yeasts: Identification and Characteristics of Environmental Isolates with a Valuable Extracellular Enzymatic Activity. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120653. [PMID: 31817221 PMCID: PMC6956281 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen cold-adapted reddish-pigmented yeast strains were obtained from environmental samples. According to the PCR-based detection of classical yeast markers combined with phylogenetic studies, the yeasts belong mainly to the genera Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Cystobasidium, all within the subphylum Pucciniomycotina. All strains produced carotenoids within a 0.25–10.33 mg/L range under non-optimized conditions. Noteworthily, among them, representatives of the Cystobasidium genus were found; of particular value are the strains C. laryngis and C. psychroaquaticum, poorly described in the literature to date. Interestingly, carotenoid production with representatives of Cystobasidium was improved 1.8- to 10-fold at reduced temperature. As expected, most of the isolated yeasts biosynthesized extracellular lipases, but within them also one proteolytic and four cellulolytic strains were revealed. We succeeded in isolating strain Cystofilobasidium macerans WUT145 with extraordinarily high cellulolytic activity at 22°C (66.23 ± 0.15 µmol/mg protein·min) that is described here for the first time. Consequently, a set of yeasts capable of producing both carotenoids and extracellular enzymes was identified. Taking into account those abilities, the strains might be applicable for a development of carotenoids production on an agro-industrial waste, e.g., lignocellulose.
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34
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Crous P, Luangsa-ard J, Wingfield M, Carnegie A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Lombard L, Roux J, Barreto R, Baseia I, Cano-Lira J, Martín M, Morozova O, Stchigel A, Summerell B, Brandrud T, Dima B, García D, Giraldo A, Guarro J, Gusmão L, Khamsuntorn P, Noordeloos M, Nuankaew S, Pinruan U, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Souza-Motta C, Thangavel R, van Iperen A, Abreu V, Accioly T, Alves J, Andrade J, Bahram M, Baral HO, Barbier E, Barnes C, Bendiksen E, Bernard E, Bezerra J, Bezerra J, Bizio E, Blair J, Bulyonkova T, Cabral T, Caiafa M, Cantillo T, Colmán A, Conceição L, Cruz S, Cunha A, Darveaux B, da Silva A, da Silva G, da Silva G, da Silva R, de Oliveira R, Oliveira R, De Souza J, Dueñas M, Evans H, Epifani F, Felipe M, Fernández-López J, Ferreira B, Figueiredo C, Filippova N, Flores J, Gené J, Ghorbani G, Gibertoni T, Glushakova A, Healy R, Huhndorf S, Iturrieta-González I, Javan-Nikkhah M, Juciano R, Jurjević Ž, Kachalkin A, Keochanpheng K, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Li YC, Lima A, Machado A, Madrid H, Magalhães O, Marbach P, Melanda G, Miller A, Mongkolsamrit S, Nascimento R, Oliveira T, Ordoñez M, Orzes R, Palma M, Pearce C, Pereira O, Perrone G, Peterson S, Pham T, Piontelli E, Pordel A, Quijada L, Raja H, Rosas de Paz E, Ryvarden L, Saitta A, Salcedo S, Sandoval-Denis M, Santos T, Seifert K, Silva B, Smith M, Soares A, Sommai S, Sousa J, Suetrong S, Susca A, Tedersoo L, Telleria M, Thanakitpipattana D, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Visagie C, Zapata M, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 785-867. PERSOONIA 2018; 41:238-417. [PMID: 30728607 PMCID: PMC6344811 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.41.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola, Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia, Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen. nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Brazil, Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea arabica, Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum, Clathrus natalensis on soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis, Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae on wing of Carollia perspicillata, Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from Citrullus lanatus, Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa. Canary Islands (Spain), Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands, Xylodon jacobaeus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile, Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica, Lasiosphaeria miniovina on tree branch. Ecuador, Ganoderma chocoense on tree trunk. France, Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl. Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana, Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana, Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary, Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus-Pinus sylvestris mixed forest. Iran, Pseudopyricularia persiana on Cyperus sp. Italy, Inocybe roseascens on soil in mixed forest. Laos, Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on Coleoptera larva. Malaysia, Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico, Absidia terrestris from soil. Netherlands, Acaulium pannemaniae, Conioscypha boutwelliae, Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae, Gibellulopsis simonii, Lasionectria hilhorstii, Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) from soil. New Zealand, Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp. and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico, Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera, Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha. Russia, Amanita paludosa on bogged soil in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia × europaea, Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis. South Africa, Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.) on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus, Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain, Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis, Geosmithia xerotolerans from a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand, Corynespora thailandica on wood, Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.) on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov.), Pararamichloridium caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen. nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica from unidentified vine. USA, Carolinigaster bonitoi (incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.) from soil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl. Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from office air. Vietnam, Fistulinella olivaceoalba on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - J.J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries –Forestry, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, NSW 2124, Australia
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Roux
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I.G. Baseia
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J.F. Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M.P. Martín
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - O.V. Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A.M. Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - B.A. Summerell
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - T.E. Brandrud
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - B. Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J. Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L.F.P. Gusmão
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - P. Khamsuntorn
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - M.E. Noordeloos
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Nuankaew
- Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - U. Pinruan
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - E. Rodríguez-Andrade
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - A.L. van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V.P. Abreu
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T. Accioly
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J.L. Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.P. Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - M. Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - E. Barbier
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - C.W. Barnes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Sector Cutuglahua, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - E. Bendiksen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Bernard
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.L. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - E. Bizio
- Società Veneziana di Micologia, S. Croce 1730, 30135, Venezia, Italy
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J.E. Blair
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA
| | - T.M. Bulyonkova
- A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, 6 Acad. Lavrentieva pr., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T.S. Cabral
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - M.V. Caiafa
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - T. Cantillo
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - A.A. Colmán
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L.B. Conceição
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - S. Cruz
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - A.O.B. Cunha
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - B.A. Darveaux
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Dr., Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278 USA
| | - A.L. da Silva
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.A. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - G.M. da Silva
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - R.M.F. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R.J.V. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R.L. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - M. Dueñas
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - H.C. Evans
- CAB International, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, Surrey, UK
| | - F. Epifani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M.T.C. Felipe
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J. Fernández-López
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - B.W. Ferreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - N.V. Filippova
- Yugra State University, 16, Chekhova Str., 628012, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - J.A. Flores
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - J. Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - G. Ghorbani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - T.B. Gibertoni
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N – Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A.M. Glushakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow / All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - R. Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - S.M. Huhndorf
- The Field Museum, Department of Botany, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605-2496, USA
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M. Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - R.F. Juciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
| | - A.V. Kachalkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow / All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - I. Krisai-Greilhuber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Y.-C. Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - A.A. Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A.R. Machado
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - H. Madrid
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - O.M.C. Magalhães
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - G.C.S. Melanda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A.N. Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - S. Mongkolsamrit
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - T.G.L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M.E. Ordoñez
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R. Orzes
- Gruppo Micologico Bresadola di Belluno, Via Bries 25, Agordo, 32021, Italy
| | - M.A. Palma
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad de Fitopatología, Varas 120, Código Postal 2360451, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C.J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Dr., Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278 USA
| | - O.L. Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S.W. Peterson
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - T.H.G. Pham
- Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia / Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - E. Piontelli
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Facultad de Medicina, Profesor Emérito Cátedra de Micología, Hontaneda 2653, Código Postal 2341369, Valparaíso Chile
| | - A. Pordel
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - L. Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - H.A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Science Building, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - E. Rosas de Paz
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Microbiology Department, ENCB-IPN, Prolongación Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Santo Tomás, 11350 Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - L. Ryvarden
- University of Oslo, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - S.S. Salcedo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - T.A.B. Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada, and Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - B.D.B. Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M.E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - A.M. Soares
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N – Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - S. Sommai
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - J.O. Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S. Suetrong
- Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A. Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L. Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M.T. Telleria
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Thanakitpipattana
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - N. Valenzuela-Lopez
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - M. Zapata
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Chillán, Unidad de Fitopatología, Claudio Arrau 738, Chillán, Código Postal 3800773, Chile
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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