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Bandini S, Ulivi P, Rossi T. Extracellular Vesicles, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Hints and Promises. Cells 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38391950 PMCID: PMC10887032 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, in particular lung cancer, while the introduction of predictive biomarkers from liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising tool to achieve an effective and personalized therapy response. Important progress has also been made in the molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), highlighting their tremendous potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment, acting on immunomodulatory pathways, and setting up the pre-metastatic niche. Surface antigens on EVs and CTCs have proved to be particularly useful in the case of the characterization of potential immune escape mechanisms through the expression of immunosuppressive ligands or the transport of cargos that may mitigate the antitumor immune function. On the other hand, novel approaches, to increase the expression of immunostimulatory molecules or cargo contents that can enhance the immune response, offer premium options in combinatorial clinical strategies for precision immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using EVs and CTCs, their potential applications as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, and their prospective use as innovative clinical tools, considering that CTCs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use, but providing good reasons to intensify the research on both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.)
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Razzaghi H, Khabbazpour M, Heidary Z, Heiat M, Shirzad Moghaddam Z, Derogar P, Khoncheh A, Zaki-Dizaji M. Emerging Role of Tumor-Educated Platelets as a New Liquid Biopsy Tool for Colorectal Cancer. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:447-454. [PMID: 38301107 PMCID: PMC10685733 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-associated death universally. Currently, the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of CRC mostly depends on endoscopy integrated with tissue biopsy. Recently, liquid biopsy has gained more and more attention in the area of molecular detection and monitoring of tumors due to ease of sampling, and its safe, non-invasive, and dynamic nature. Platelets, despite their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, are known to have an active, bifacial relationship with cancers. Platelets are the second most common type of cell in the blood and are one of the wealthy liquid biopsy biosources. These cells have the potential to absorb nucleic acids and proteins and modify their transcriptome with regard to external signals, which are termed tumor-educated platelets (TEPs). Liquid biopsies depend on TEPs' biomarkers which can be used to screen and also detect cancer in terms of prognosis, personalized treatment, monitoring, and prediction of recurrence. The value of TEPs as an origin of tumor biomarkers is relatively new, but platelets are commonly isolated using formidable and rapid techniques in clinical practice. Numerous preclinical researches have emphasized the potential of platelets as a new liquid biopsy biosource for detecting several types of tumors. This review discusses the potential use of platelets as a liquid biopsy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Razzaghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Khabbazpour
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Heidary
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirzad Moghaddam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Derogar
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khoncheh
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Prostate cancer cell-platelet bidirectional signaling promotes calcium mobilization, invasion and apoptotic resistance via distinct receptor-ligand pairs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2864. [PMID: 36806315 PMCID: PMC9938282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a crucial role in cancer and thrombosis. However, the receptor-ligand repertoire mediating prostate cancer (PCa) cell-platelet interactions and ensuing consequences have not been fully elucidated. Microvilli emanating from the plasma membrane of PCa cell lines (RC77 T/E, MDA PCa 2b) directly contacted individual platelets and platelet aggregates. PCa cell-platelet interactions were associated with calcium mobilization in platelets, and translocation of P-selectin and integrin αIIbβ3 onto the platelet surface. PCa cell-platelet interactions reciprocally promoted PCa cell invasion and apoptotic resistance, and these events were insensitive to androgen receptor blockade by bicalutamide. PCa cells were exceedingly sensitive to activation by platelets in vitro, occurring at a PCa cell:platelet coculture ratio as low as 1:10 (whereas PCa patient blood contains 1:2,000,000 per ml). Conditioned medium from cocultures stimulated PCa cell invasion but not apoptotic resistance nor platelet aggregation. Candidate transmembrane signaling proteins responsible for PCa cell-platelet oncogenic events were identified by RNA-Seq and broadly divided into 4 major categories: (1) integrin-ligand, (2) EPH receptor-ephrin, (3) immune checkpoint receptor-ligand, and (4) miscellaneous receptor-ligand interactions. Based on antibody neutralization and small molecule inhibitor assays, PCa cell-stimulated calcium mobilization in platelets was found to be mediated by a fibronectin1 (FN1)-αIIbβ3 signaling axis. Platelet-stimulated PCa cell invasion was facilitated by a CD55-adhesion G protein coupled receptor E5 (ADGRE5) axis, with contribution from platelet cytokines CCL3L1 and IL32. Platelet-stimulated PCa cell apoptotic resistance relied on ephrin-EPH receptor and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-LPA receptor (LPAR) signaling. Of participating signaling partners, FN1 and LPAR3 overexpression was observed in PCa specimens compared to normal prostate, while high expression of CCR1 (CCL3L1 receptor), EPHA1 and LPAR5 in PCa was associated with poor patient survival. These findings emphasize that non-overlapping receptor-ligand pairs participate in oncogenesis and thrombosis, highlighting the complexity of any contemplated clinical intervention strategy.
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A peptide-centric approach to analyse quantitative proteomics data- an application to prostate cancer biomarker discovery. J Proteomics 2023; 272:104774. [PMID: 36427804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up proteomics is a popular approach in molecular biomarker research. However, protein analysts have realized the limitations of protein-based approaches for identifying and quantifying proteins in complex samples, such as the identification of peptides sequences shared by multiple proteins and the difficulty in identifying modified peptides. Thus, there are many exciting opportunities to improve analysis methods. Here, an alternative method focused on peptide analysis is proposed as a complement to the conventional proteomics data analysis. To investigate this hypothesis, a peptide-centric approach was applied to reanalyse a urine proteome dataset of samples from prostate cancer patients and controls. The results were compared with the conventional protein-centric approach. The relevant proteins/peptides to discriminate the groups were detected based on two approaches, p-value and VIP values obtained by a PLS-DA model. A comparison of the two strategies revealed high inconsistency between protein and peptide information and greater involvement of peptides in key PCa processes. This peptide analysis unveiled discriminative features that are lost when proteins are analyzed as homogeneous entities. This type of analysis is innovative in PCa and integrated with the widely used protein-centric approach might provide a more comprehensive view of this disease and revolutionize biomarker discovery. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, the application of a protein and peptide-centric approaches to reanalyse a urine proteome dataset from prostate cancer (PCa) patients and controls showed that many relevant proteins/peptides are missed by the conservative nature of p-value in statistical tests, therefore, the inclusion of variable selection methods in the analysis of the dataset reported in this work is fruitful. Comparison of protein- and peptide-based approaches revealed a high inconsistency between protein and peptide information and a greater involvement of peptides in key PCa processes. These results provide a new perspective to analyse proteomics data and detect relevant targets based on the integration of peptide and protein information. This data integration allows to unravel discriminative features that normally go unnoticed, to have a more comprehensive view of the disease pathophysiology and to open new avenues for the discovery of biomarkers.
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Elbers DC, La J, Minot JR, Gramling R, Brophy MT, Do NV, Fillmore NR, Dodds PS, Danforth CM. Sentiment analysis of medical record notes for lung cancer patients at the Department of Veterans Affairs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280931. [PMID: 36696437 PMCID: PMC9876289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural language processing of medical records offers tremendous potential to improve the patient experience. Sentiment analysis of clinical notes has been performed with mixed results, often highlighting the issue that dictionary ratings are not domain specific. Here, for the first time, we re-calibrate the labMT sentiment dictionary on 3.5M clinical notes describing 10,000 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the Department of Veterans Affairs. The sentiment score of notes was calculated for two years after date of diagnosis and evaluated against a lab test (platelet count) and a combination of data points (treatments). We found that the oncology specific labMT dictionary, after re-calibration for the clinical oncology domain, produces a promising signal in notes that can be detected based on a comparative analysis to the aforementioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danne C. Elbers
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- VHA Boston CSP Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer La
- VHA Boston CSP Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joshua R. Minot
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Robert Gramling
- Larner College of Medicine, University or Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Mary T. Brophy
- VHA Boston CSP Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nhan V. Do
- VHA Boston CSP Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nathanael R. Fillmore
- VHA Boston CSP Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Dodds
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Danforth
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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Does Elevated Pre-Treatment Plasma PD-L1 Level Indicate an Increased Tumor Burden and Worse Prognosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164815. [PMID: 36013050 PMCID: PMC9410536 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have been reported as possibly favorable prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their longitudinal effect is unknown. Methods: A pilot study was performed to investigate whether baseline PD-1/PD-L1 levels are associated with further laboratory changes and/or shorter survival. Results: A total of 506 laboratory measurements from 37 metastatic CRC patients were analyzed. The baseline plasma PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were 27.73 ± 1.20 pg/mL and 16.01 ± 1.09 pg/mL, respectively. Disease progression (p = 0.0443) and baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.0011), aspartate transaminase (p = 0.0253), alanine transaminase (p = 0.0386), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (p = 0.0103) were associated with higher PD-L1 levels. Based on the baseline PD-1/PD-L1 levels, low and high PD-1/PD-L1 groups were created. Constant, pathological levels of complete blood count values, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase were characteristic for patients with high baseline PD-L1. High PD-L1 levels were significantly associated with increased tumor burden. Disease-specific survival and progression-free survival were significantly shorter in patients with high PD-L1. Conclusions: Abnormal levels of laboratory parameters and intensified tumor burden can be expected if elevated baseline plasma PD-1/PD-L1 levels are found.
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Wang L, Wang X, Guo E, Mao X, Miao S. Emerging roles of platelets in cancer biology and their potential as therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939089. [PMID: 35936717 PMCID: PMC9355257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of platelets is to control bleeding and repair vascular damage via thrombosis. They have also been implicated to promote tumor metastasis through platelet-tumor cell interactions. Platelet-tumor cell interactions promote tumor cell survival and dissemination in blood circulation. Tumor cells are known to induce platelet activation and alter platelet RNA profiles. Liquid biopsies based on tumor-educated platelet biomarkers can detect tumors and correlate with prognosis, personalized therapy, treatment monitoring, and recurrence prediction. Platelet-based strategies for cancer prevention and tumor-targeted therapy include developing drugs that target platelet receptors, interfere with the release of platelet particles, inhibit platelet-specific enzymes, and utilize platelet-derived “nano-platelets” as a targeted drug delivery platform for tumor therapy. This review elaborates on platelet-tumor cell interactions and the molecular mechanisms and discusses future research directions for platelet-based liquid biopsy techniques and platelet-targeted anti-tumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Erliang Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xionghui Mao, ; Susheng Miao,
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xionghui Mao, ; Susheng Miao,
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Herold Z, Herold M, Lohinszky J, Szasz AM, Dank M, Somogyi A. Longitudinal changes in personalized platelet count metrics are good indicators of initial 3-year outcome in colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6825-6844. [PMID: 36051133 PMCID: PMC9297428 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i20.6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet count or complete blood count (CBC)-based ratios including lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), hemoglobin-to-platelet (HPR), red blood cell count distribution width-to-platelet (RPR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio are good predictors of colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. Their change in time is not well documented, however.
AIM To investigate the effect of longitudinal CBC ratio changes on CRC survival and their possible associations with clinicopathological properties, comorbidities, and anamnestic data.
METHODS A retrospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with the inclusion of 835 CRC patients, who attended at Semmelweis University, Budapest. CBC ratios and two additional newly defined personalized platelet count metrics (pPLTD and pPLTS, the platelet counts relative to the measurement at the time of CRC diagnosis and to the one 4-6 wk after tumor removal surgery, respectively) were recorded.
RESULTS The 835 CRC patients had a total of 4608 measurements (5.52 visits/patient, in average). Longitudinal survival models revealed that the increases/decreases in LMR [hazard ratio (HR): 0.4989, P < 0.0001], NLR (HR: 1.0819, P < 0.0001), HPR (HR: 0.0533, P = 0.0038), pPLTD (HR: 4.9229, P < 0.0001), and pPLTS (HR: 4.7568, P < 0.0001) values were poor prognostic signs of disease-specific survival. The same was obtained for all-cause mortality. Most abnormal changes occurred within the first 3 years after the diagnosis of CRC. RPR and PLR had an only marginal effect on disease-specific (P = 0.0675) and all-cause mortality (Bayesian 95% credible interval: 0.90–186.05), respectively.
CONCLUSION LMR, NLR, and HPR are good metrics to follow the prognosis of the disease. pPLTD and pPLTS perform just as well as the former, while the use of RPR and PLR with the course of the disease is not recommended. Early detection of the abnormal changes in pPLTD, pPLTS, LMR, NLR, or HPR may alert the practicing oncologist for further therapy decisions in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Julia Lohinszky
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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Zarehparvar Moghadam S, Askari E, Divband G, Shakeri S, Aryana K. Factores pronósticos de eficacia y seguridad que afectan a la supervivencia global de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico sometidos a tratamiento con [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: estudio en un único centro. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mezei T, Bőde I, Tenke P, Jósa V, Merkel K, Szilasi Z, Tordai A, Máthé D, Baranyai Z. The Correlation Between Platelet Count and Survival in Prostate Cancer. Res Rep Urol 2022; 14:193-202. [PMID: 35572814 PMCID: PMC9092472 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s359715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A number of studies have confirmed that elevated platelet count accompanying various solid tumours is associated with worse survival. However, only meagre data are available on the relationship between thrombocytosis and survival in prostate cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on clinical-pathological data accumulated from 316 patients during on average 51 months of follow-up after laparoscopic prostatectomy performed for prostate cancer. We analyzed the relationship between platelet count, risk factors, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cancer stage with use the Tumor, Node, Metastase system (TNM), as well as surgical margin, and prognosis. Results Thrombocytosis occurred in only one out of the 316 patients. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that preoperative PSA, risk group, preoperative haemoglobin level, and surgical margin status were significant, independent predictors of biochemical progression-free survival. By contrast, age at diagnosis and thrombocytosis had no such predictive value. Conclusion We could not demonstrate an association between elevated platelet count and worse survival in our study population of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Mezei
- Department of Urology, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: Tünde Mezei, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, Department of Urology, Budapest, Hungary, Köves str 1, Budapest, 1204, Hungary, Tel +3620/2013038, Email
| | - Imre Bőde
- Department of Urology, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tenke
- Department of Urology, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valéria Jósa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Szilasi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, HDF Medical Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tordai
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Semmelweis University, Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhang G. Platelet-Related Molecular Subtype to Predict Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:423-436. [PMID: 35615530 PMCID: PMC9126232 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s363200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Complex crosstalk between tumor cells and platelets is closely related to the development, relapse, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, an intensive analysis of the relationship between platelet-related genes and the effectiveness of immunotherapy is necessary for improving the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Methods Genes associated with platelets in the GeneCards database were collected and were used to identify molecular subtypes using a non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm (NMF) and constructed a platelet-related genes-based prognostic stratification model by the LASSO-Cox regression and stepwise Cox regression analysis. The effect of this feature on the immune microenvironment of HCC and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors was also explored. Results After identifying two molecular subtypes, we constructed a platelet-related genes-based prognostic stratification model that can be effectively used for immune checkpoint inhibitor (PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and CTLA4) efficacy and prognosis prediction in HCC patients, which was subsequently validated using patient samples from ICGC, GSE14520 and a small sample size clinical cohort. We also found downregulation of PAFAH1B3 remarkably inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of Hep3B cells by cytological experiments. Conclusion We constructed a prognostic classifier based on platelet-related genes that could effectively classify HCC patients for prognostic prediction and provide new light on the selection of optimal individualized antiplatelet therapy for HCC patients in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhao Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Genhao Zhang, Email
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Foster BM, Shi L, Harris KS, Patel C, Surratt VE, Langsten KL, Kerr BA. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Factor Regulates Prostate Cancer-Induced Shifts in Pre-Metastatic Niche Composition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855188. [PMID: 35515124 PMCID: PMC9063312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer, with 80% of advanced prostate cancer patients developing bone metastases. Before metastasis, bone remodeling occurs, stimulating pre-metastatic niche formation and bone turnover, and platelets govern this process. Stem cell factor (SCF, Kit Ligand) is increased in advanced prostate cancer patient platelet releasates. Further, SCF and its receptor, CD117/c-kit, correlate with metastatic prostate cancer severity. We hypothesized that bone-derived SCF plays an important role in prostate cancer tumor communication with the bone inducing pre-metastatic niche formation. We generated two cell-specific SCF knockout mouse models deleting SCF in either mature osteoblasts or megakaryocytes and platelets. Using two syngeneic androgen-insensitive murine prostate cancer cell lines, RM1 (Ras and Myc co-activation) and mPC3 (Pten and Trp53 deletion), we examined the role of bone marrow-derived SCF in primary tumor growth and bone microenvironment alterations. Platelet-derived SCF was required for mPC3, but not RM1, tumor growth, while osteoblast-derived SCF played no role in tumor size in either cell line. While exogenous SCF induced proangiogenic protein secretion by RM1 and mPC3 prostate cancer cells, no significant changes in tumor angiogenesis were measured by immunohistochemistry. Like our previous studies, tumor-induced bone formation occurred in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 neoplasms, demonstrated by bone histomorphometry. RM1 tumor-bearing osteoblast SCF knockout mice did not display tumor-induced bone formation. Bone stromal cell composition analysis by flow cytometry showed significant shifts in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and osteoblast cell percentages in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 tumors. There were no significant changes in the percentage of macrophages, osteoclasts, or osteocytes. Our study demonstrates that megakaryocyte/platelet-derived SCF regulates primary mPC3 tumor growth, while SCF originating from osteoblasts plays a role in bone marrow-derived progenitor cell composition and pre-metastatic niche formation. Further, we show that both the source of SCF and the genetic profile of prostate cancer determine the effects of SCF. Thus, targeting the SCF/CD117 signaling axis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could affect primary prostate carcinomas or play a role in reducing bone metastasis dependent on the gene deletions or mutations driving the patients' prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Koran S. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chirayu Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Victoria E. Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kendall L. Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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13
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Tankel J, Calderone A, Garcia-Luna JLR, Mueller CL, Najmeh S, Spicer J, Mulder D, Ferri L, Cools-Lartigue J. Changes in Perioperative Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Survival in Oesophago-Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:10.1245/s10434-022-11475-7. [PMID: 35377063 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with survival in oesophageal cancer. We explored whether PLR changes during different stages of treatment correlate with survival outcomes. METHODS A retrospective single-centre study was performed. Consecutive patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma were identified. Changes in PLR were calculated during two time periods: the first spanning the neoadjuvant period (T1); the second the perioperative period (T2). Differences in PLR were calculated for clinicopathological variables during both T1 and T2 and for variables with regards to their association with median overall survival (OS). Variables found to be significant on univariate analysis were included in a multivariate Cox regression model. Using ROC analysis, optimal cut-offs for PLR changes were identified and plotted on a Kaplan-Meir curve. RESULTS Of the 370 patients identified, 110 (29.7%) were included in the analysis. During T1 a positive correlation was noted between higher positive lymph node ratio and PLR change. During T2, PLR change was positively higher in patients who suffered major postoperative complications. Median survival for the cohort as a whole was 42.3 months and 5-year OS was 57.3%. Survival at 5 years was associated with lower PLR changes during T2. On univaraite analysis, median OS was significantly less for patients with a tumour size > 3 cm, poor differentiation and change in PLR ≥ 43.4 during T2. The latter two variables remained significant on multivariate analysis. Using the same PLR threshold, the survival curve comparing changes in PLR during T2 remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION Perioperative PLR changes are highly prognostic of survival outcomes in patients treated for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Tankel
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Calderone
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez Garcia-Luna
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmen L Mueller
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Najmeh
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Mulder
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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C-Reactive Protein as Predictive Biomarker for Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030491. [PMID: 35158759 PMCID: PMC8833484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most patients with locally advanced rectal cancer present resistance or a moderate response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), which is considered the standard of care. To select patients who could benefit from nCRT, while avoiding unnecessary treatment-induced toxicity and surgery-associated morbidity, it is urgent to find biomarkers of response to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our retrospective study was to assess the potential of classical blood analytes collected before chemoradiotherapy as biomarkers of response to treatment and prognostics in locally advanced rectal cancer. Our results identified C-reactive protein ≤3.5 as a strong independent predictor of response to treatment and an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, platelets were found to be independent predictors of DFS and OS and hemoglobin of DFS. These data might contribute to the personalization of rectal cancer treatment by guiding clinicians in decision-making regarding the best treatment strategy for each patient. Abstract The standard of care for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery, but complete response rates are reduced. To find predictive biomarkers of response to therapy, we conducted a retrospective study evaluating blood biomarkers before nCRT. Hemoglobin (Hg), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19.9 levels, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were obtained from 171 rectal cancer patients before nCRT. Patients were classified as responders (Ryan 0–1; ycT0N0), 59.6% (n = 102), or nonresponders (Ryan 2–3), 40.3% (n = 69), in accordance with the Ryan classification. A logistic regression using prognostic pretreatment factors identified CRP ≤ 3.5 (OR = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01–0.21) as a strong independent predictor of response to treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that CRP was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 5.48; 95%CI: 1.54–19.48) and overall survival (HR = 6.10; 95%CI 1.27–29.33) in patients treated with nCRT. Platelets were an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 3.068; 95%CI: 1.29–7.30) and OS (HR= 4.65; 95%CI: 1.66–13.05) and Hg was revealed to be an independent predictor of DFS (HR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.15–0.90) in rectal cancer patients treated with nCRT. The lower expression of CRP is independently associated with an improved response to nCRT, DFS, and OS.
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15
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Velaer K, Thomas IC, Yang J, Kapphahn K, Metzner TJ, Golla A, Hoerner CR, Fan AC, Master V, Chertow GM, Brooks JD, Patel CJ, Desai M, Leppert JT. Clinical laboratory tests associated with survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A Laboratory Wide Association Study (LWAS). Urol Oncol 2021; 40:12.e23-12.e30. [PMID: 34580027 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic models for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) include select laboratory values. These models have important limitations, including reliance on a limited array of laboratory tests, and use of dichotomous ("high-low") cutoffs. We applied a Laboratory-Wide Association Study (LWAS) framework to systematically evaluate common clinical laboratory results associated with survival for patients diagnosed with mRCC. METHODS We used laboratory data for 3,385 patients diagnosed with mRCC from 2002 to 2017. We developed a LWAS framework, to examine the association with 53 common clinical laboratory tests results (641,712 measurements) and overall survival. We employed false-discovery rate to test the association of multiple laboratory tests with survival, and validated these results using 3 separate cohorts to generate a standardized hazard ratio (sHR), reported for a 1 standard deviation unit change in each laboratory test. RESULTS The LWAS approach confirmed the association of laboratory values currently used in prognostic models with survival, including calcium (HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.24-1.48), leukocyte count (HR 1.40, 95%CI 1.30-1.51), platelet count (HR 1.36, 95%CI 1.27-1.51), and hemoglobin (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72-0.86). Use of these tests as continuous variables improved model performance. LWAS also identified acute phase reactants associated with survival not typically included in prognostic models, including serum albumin (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.61-0.72), ferritin (HR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08-1.45), alkaline phosphatase (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.23-1.40), and C-reactive protein (HR 1.70, 95%CI 1.14-2.53). CONCLUSIONS Routinely measured laboratory tests can refine current prognostic models, facilitate comparisons across clinical trial cohorts, and match patients with specific systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Velaer
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - I-Chun Thomas
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jaden Yang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristopher Kapphahn
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas J Metzner
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA
| | - Abhinav Golla
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Viraj Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John T Leppert
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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16
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Zarehparvar Moghadam S, Askari E, Divband G, Shakeri S, Aryana K. Efficacy, safety and prognostic factors affecting overall survival among metastatic prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617: A single center study. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021; 41:239-246. [PMID: 34526249 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS) among metastatic prostate cancer patients undergoing PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT). METHOD In this retrospective study, from November 2016 and December 2019, 43 heavily pretreated (90.7% on 1st line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 53.5% on 2nd line ADT, 58.1% on docetaxel) metastatic prostate cancer patients with median age of 71 years (range: 51-88 years) were enrolled. Treatment cycles were repeated every 8 weeks (range: 6-12 weeks). To evaluate the biochemical response after each cycle, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured and analyzed according to the Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) criteria cutoffs. Possible adverse events after therapy were retrospectively classified according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.5.0. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with OS. RESULTS A total of 112 cycles of PRLT with a median of 3 cycles (range: 1-6) and median administered activity per cycle of 6.29 GBq (range: 4.45-7.7 GBq) were used. PSA decline was observed in 65.1% of patients, and best PSA decline of ≥50% and ≥90% were achieved in 39.5% and 23.3% of patients, respectively. Major (grade III) anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 11.6% and 7% of patients, respectively. Median OS and median PSA progression-free survival were 52 and 20 weeks, respectively. In univariate analysis, baseline hemoglobin <11.2 g/dL, baseline platelets count ≥327,000/μL, PSA decline <20.94% after first cycle of therapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) >2, baseline PSA ≥ 115 ng/mL, cumulative dose of 177Lu-PSMA <12.95 GBq, initial alkaline phosphatase ≥196.5 U/L, initial lactate dehydrogenase ≥380 U/L and superscan pattern in bone scintigraphy were associated with worse OS. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher baseline platelet count, lower baseline hemoglobin, superscan pattern, and lower cumulative dose of 177Lu-PSMA remained significant predictors of poor OS. CONCLUSION PRLT with 177Lu-PSMA is well-tolerated and effective in metastatic prostate cancer patients who have no other treatment options available. The novel prognostic markers found in this study (high platelet count, superscan pattern) were associated with poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emran Askari
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasemali Divband
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Shakeri
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamran Aryana
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Hu Y, Bien SA, Nishimura KK, Haessler J, Hodonsky CJ, Baldassari AR, Highland HM, Wang Z, Preuss M, Sitlani CM, Wojcik GL, Tao R, Graff M, Huckins LM, Sun Q, Chen MH, Mousas A, Auer PL, Lettre G, Tang W, Qi L, Thyagarajan B, Buyske S, Fornage M, Hindorff LA, Li Y, Lin D, Reiner AP, North KE, Loos RJF, Raffield LM, Peters U, Avery CL, Kooperberg C. Multi-ethnic genome-wide association analyses of white blood cell and platelet traits in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:432. [PMID: 34107879 PMCID: PMC8191001 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating white blood cell and platelet traits are clinically linked to various disease outcomes and differ across individuals and ancestry groups. Genetic factors play an important role in determining these traits and many loci have been identified. However, most of these findings were identified in populations of European ancestry (EA), with African Americans (AA), Hispanics/Latinos (HL), and other races/ethnicities being severely underrepresented. RESULTS We performed ancestry-combined and ancestry-specific genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for white blood cell and platelet traits in the ancestrally diverse Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study, including 16,201 AA, 21,347 HL, and 27,236 EA participants. We identified six novel findings at suggestive significance (P < 5E-8), which need confirmation, and independent signals at six previously established regions at genome-wide significance (P < 2E-9). We confirmed multiple previously reported genome-wide significant variants in the single variant association analysis and multiple genes using PrediXcan. Evaluation of loci reported from a Euro-centric GWAS indicated attenuation of effect estimates in AA and HL compared to EA populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted the potential to identify ancestry-specific and ancestry-agnostic variants in participants with diverse backgrounds and advocate for continued efforts in improving inclusion of racially/ethnically diverse populations in genetic association studies for complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine K Nishimura
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antoine R Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Abdou Mousas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul L Auer
- School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weihong Tang
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, NIH National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ge X, Yuan L, Cheng B, Dai K. Identification of seven tumor-educated platelets RNAs for cancer diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23791. [PMID: 33955587 PMCID: PMC8183939 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) may enable blood-based cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to identify diagnostic TEPs genes involved in carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TEPs differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy samples and early/advanced cancer samples were obtained using bioinformatics. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify the pathways and functional annotation of TEPs DEGs. Protein-protein interaction of these TEPs DEGs was analyzed based on the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software. The correlation analysis and diagnostic analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of TEPs mRNAs expression for early/advanced cancers. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to validate the role of DEGs in cancers. RESULTS TEPs mRNAs were mostly involved in protein binding, extracellular matrix, and cellular protein metabolic process. RSL24D1 was negatively correlated to early-stage cancers compared to healthy controls and may be potentially used for early cancer diagnosis. In addition, HPSE, IFI27, LGALS3BP, CRYM, HBD, COL6A3, LAMB2, and IFITM3 showed an upward trend in the expression from early to advanced cancer stages. Moreover, ARL2, FCGR2A, and KLHDC8B were positively associated with advanced, metastatic cancers compared to healthy controls. Among the 12 selected DEGs, the expression of 7 DEGs, including RSL24D1, IFI27, CRYM, HBD, IFITM3, FCGR2A, and KLHDC8B, were verified by the qRT-PCR method. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the 7-gene TEPs liquid-biopsy biomarkers may be used for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyCyrus Tang Medical InstituteState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Thrombosis and HemostasisMinistry of HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Hematological DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liuxia Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyCyrus Tang Medical InstituteState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Thrombosis and HemostasisMinistry of HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Hematological DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Bin Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyCyrus Tang Medical InstituteState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Thrombosis and HemostasisMinistry of HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Hematological DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Kesheng Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologyJiangsu Institute of HematologyCyrus Tang Medical InstituteState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionKey Laboratory of Thrombosis and HemostasisMinistry of HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Hematological DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Abstract
Platelets have been hypothesized to promote certain neoplastic malignancies; however, antiplatelet drugs are still not part of routine pharmacological cancer prevention and treatment protocols. Paracrine interactions between platelets and cancer cells have been implicated in potentiating the dissemination, survival within the circulation, and extravasation of cancer cells at distant sites of metastasis. Signals from platelets have also been suggested to confer epigenetic alterations, including upregulating oncoproteins in circulating tumor cells, and secretion of potent growth factors may play roles in promoting mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastatic outgrowth. Thrombocytosis remains a marker of poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. Experimental data suggest that lowering of platelet count may reduce tumor growth and metastasis. On the basis of the mechanisms by which platelets could contribute to cancer growth and metastasis, it is conceivable that drugs reducing platelet count or platelet activation might attenuate cancer progression and improve outcomes. We will review select pharmacological approaches that inhibit platelets and may affect cancer development and propagation. We begin by presenting an overview of clinical cancer prevention and outcome studies with low-dose aspirin. We then review current nonclinical development of drugs targeted to platelet binding, activation, and count as potential mitigating agents in cancer.
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20
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Papila Kundaktepe B, Papila C. The clinical significance of preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels and platelet counts in resectable colon cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:69. [PMID: 33706789 PMCID: PMC7953657 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Several aspects of the correlation between colon cancer and hemostatic markers are still unknown to many researchers in the field. In this study, we evaluated the association, if any, of preoperative platelet (PLT) counts and plasma fibrinogen levels with postoperative lymph node involvement and venous invasion in colon cancer patients. METHODS This study retrospectively included eighty patients with colon cancer (mean age 58.09 years; 37% female 63% male). RESULTS Patients with negative lymph nodes and venous invasion showed a significantly lower PLT count and higher fibrinogen level than their counterparts, i.e., patients with positive lymph nodes (p<0.001, all of them) and venous invasion (p<0.001, all of them). The results also showed a positive association of PLT counts and fibrinogen levels with lymphatic invasion (r=0.670, p<0.001 and r=0.639, p<0.001, respectively) and a positive association of PLT counts and fibrinogen levels with venous invasion (r=0.3988, p<0.001 and r=0.5268, p<0.001, respectively). According to the results of the ROC curve analysis, when the PLT count cutoff was 290/mm3, the sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 86.67%, respectively (AUC = 0.8840, p<0.0001, 95% CI 0.8084-0.9596). When the fibrinogen level cutoff was 310.0 mg/dL, the sensitivity and specificity were 72% and 96.67%, respectively (AUC 0.8790, p <0.0001, 95% CI 0.8067-0.9513). CONCLUSION The preoperative PLT count and plasma fibrinogen level may be considered key markers to monitor postoperative lymph node involvement and venous invasion in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Papila Kundaktepe
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Papila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Sohlberg EM, Thomas IC, Yang J, Kapphahn K, Velaer KN, Goldstein MK, Wagner TH, Chertow GM, Brooks JD, Patel CJ, Desai M, Leppert JT. Laboratory-wide association study of survival with prostate cancer. Cancer 2020; 127:1102-1113. [PMID: 33237577 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of overall patient health are essential to inform treatment decisions for patients diagnosed with cancer. The authors applied XWAS methods, herein referred to as "laboratory-wide association study (LWAS)", to evaluate associations between routinely collected laboratory tests and survival in veterans with prostate cancer. METHODS The authors identified 133,878 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2000 and 2013 in the Veterans Health Administration using any laboratory tests collected within 6 months of diagnosis (3,345,083 results). Using the LWAS framework, the false-discovery rate was used to test the association between multiple laboratory tests and survival, and these results were validated using training, testing, and validation cohorts. RESULTS A total of 31 laboratory tests associated with survival met stringent LWAS criteria. LWAS confirmed markers of prostate cancer biology (prostate-specific antigen: hazard ratio [HR], 1.07 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.06-1.08]; and alkaline phosphatase: HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.20-1.24]) as well laboratory tests of general health (eg, serum albumin: HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.76-0.80]; and creatinine: HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03-1.07]) and inflammation (leukocyte count: HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.98-1.26]; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate: HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.09-1.61]). In addition, the authors derived and validated separate models for patients with localized and advanced disease, identifying 28 laboratory markers and 15 laboratory markers, respectively, in each cohort. CONCLUSIONS The authors identified routinely collected laboratory data associated with survival for patients with prostate cancer using LWAS methodologies, including markers of prostate cancer biology, overall health, and inflammation. Broadening consideration of determinants of survival beyond those related to cancer itself could help to inform the design of clinical trials and aid in shared decision making. LAY SUMMARY This article examined routine laboratory tests associated with survival among veterans with prostate cancer. Using laboratory-wide association studies, the authors identified 31 laboratory tests associated with survival that can be used to inform the design of clinical trials and aid patients in shared decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka M Sohlberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - I-Chun Thomas
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jaden Yang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kristopher Kapphahn
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kyla N Velaer
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mary K Goldstein
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Todd H Wagner
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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22
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Hepatic thrombopoietin gene silencing reduces platelet count and breast cancer progression in transgenic MMTV-PyMT mice. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3080-3091. [PMID: 31648335 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, platelet count within the normal range is required for physiological hemostasis, but, adversely, platelets also support pathological thrombosis. Moreover, by releasing growth factors, they may enhance neoplastic proliferation. We hypothesize that platelet count correlates with platelet-dependent pathologies, even within the range of hemostatic competence. Because platelet production is promoted by thrombopoietin signaling through the myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (cMPL), a receptor expressed on megakaryocytes, we evaluated the feasibility of selective targeting of hepatic thrombopoietin production to test this hypothesis. We synthesized murine- and primate-specific antisense oligonucleotides (THPO-ASO) that silence hepatic thrombopoietin gene (THPO) expression without blocking extrahepatic THPO. Repeated doses of THPO-ASO were administered to mice and a baboon, causing a sustained 50% decline in plasma thrombopoietin levels and platelet count within 4 weeks in both species. To investigate whether reducing platelet count within the translationally relevant hemostatic range could alter a neoplastic process, we administered THPO-ASO to 6-week-old transgenic MMTV-PyMT mice that develop early ductal atypia that progresses into cMPL-negative fatal metastatic breast cancer within 2 to 3 months. THPO-ASO treatment increased the average time to euthanasia (primary humane endpoint) at 2 cm3 combined palpable tumor volume. Our results show that THPO-ASO reduced blood platelet count, plasma platelet factor 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, thrombopoietin levels, bone marrow megakaryocyte density, tumor growth rate, proliferation index, vascularization, platelet and macrophage content, and pulmonary metastases vs untreated controls. These findings confirm that sustained and moderate pharmacological platelet count reduction is feasible with THPO-ASO administration and can delay progression of certain platelet-dependent pathological processes within a safe hemostatic platelet count range.
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23
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Rachidi S, Kaur M, Lautenschlaeger T, Li Z. Platelet count correlates with stage and predicts survival in melanoma. Platelets 2019; 30:1042-1046. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1572879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rachidi
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maneet Kaur
- PhD student in Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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