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Zhang S, Li G, Qian K, Zou Y, Zheng X, Ai H, Lin F, Lei C, Hu S. Exosomes derived from cancer cells relieve inflammatory bowel disease in mice. J Drug Target 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38958251 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2369876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy has garnered significant attention due to its natural delivery capabilities, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and potential for personalised treatment through engineering modifications. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDEs) to interact with immune cells or modify the immune microenvironment to suppress host immune responses, as well as their unique homing ability to parental cells. The core question of this study is whether this immunomodulatory property of TDEs can be utilised for the immunotherapy of inflammatory diseases. In our experiments, we prepared exosomes derived from murine colon cancer cells CT26 (CT26 exo) using ultracentrifugation, characterised them, and conducted proteomic analysis. The therapeutic potential of CT26 exo was evaluated in our dextran sulphate sodium salt (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model. Compared to the control and 293 T exo treatment groups, mice treated with CT26 exo showed a reduction in the disease activity index (DAI) and colon shortening rate, with no noticeable weight loss. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of colon paraffin sections revealed reduced inflammatory infiltration and increased epithelial goblet cells in the colons of CT26 exo-treated group. Furthermore, we conducted preliminary mechanistic explorations by examining the phenotyping and function of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the colonic lamina propria of mice. The results indicated that the ameliorative effect of CT26 exosomes might be due to their inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by colonic DCs and selective suppression of Th17 cell differentiation in the colon. Additionally, CT26 exo exhibited good biosafety. Our findings propose a novel exosome-based therapeutic approach for IBD and suggest the potential application of TDEs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitan Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinya Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Gongli Hospital Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxing Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Regmi S, Pathak S, Chaudhary D, Kim JO, Nam JW, Kim HS, Jiang HL, Ryu D, Sung JH, Yook S, Jeong JH. Endogenous stem cell mobilization and localized immunosuppression synergistically ameliorate DSS-induced Colitis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:167. [PMID: 38872206 PMCID: PMC11170870 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative for inflammatory diseases and tissue injury treatment. Exogenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells is associated with instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, mechanical stress during administration, and replicative senescence or change in phenotype during long-term culture in vitro. In this study, we aimed to mobilize endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using AMD-3100 and provide local immune suppression using FK506, an immunosuppressive drug, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive FK506-loaded thioketal microspheres were prepared by emulsification solvent-evaporation method. Thioketal vehicle based FK506 microspheres and AMD3100 were co-administered into male C57BL6/J mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis. The effect of FK506-loaded thioketal microspheres in colitis mice were evaluated using disease severity index, myeloperoxidase activity, histology, flow cytometry, and gene expression by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The delivery of AMD-3100 enhanced mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow into the inflamed colon of mice. Furthermore, targeted oral delivery of FK506 in an inflamed colon inhibited the immune activation in the colon. In the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, the combination of AMD-3100 and FK506-loaded thioketal microspheres ameliorated the disease, decreased immune cell infiltration and activation, and improved body weight, colon length, and epithelial healing process. CONCLUSION This study shows that the significant increase in the percentage of mobilized hematopoietic stem cells in the combination therapy of AMD and oral FK506 microspheres may contribute to a synergistic therapeutic effect. Thus, low-dose local delivery of FK506 combined with AMD3100 could be a promising alternative treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dinesh Chaudhary
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang S, Zhong R, Tang S, Chen L, Zhang H. Metabolic regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107184. [PMID: 38615874 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-lasting and inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, impacting millions of individuals globally. The balance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review summarizes the pivotal role of Th17/Treg balance in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, elucidating how its dysregulation contributes to the development and exacerbation of IBD. It comprehensively synthesizes the current understanding of how dietary factors regulate the metabolic pathways influencing Th17 and Treg cell differentiation and function. Additionally, this review presents evidence from the literature on the potential of dietary regimens to regulate the Th17/Treg balance as a strategy for the management of IBD. By exploring the intersection between diet, metabolic regulation, and Th17/Treg balance, the review reveals innovative therapeutic approaches for IBD treatment, offering a promising perspective for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang Q, Sun W, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhang R, Zhang N. A High MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Responses to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Inhibiting GSDMD and JAK2-STAT3/4 Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300602. [PMID: 38054637 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Inflammation and pyroptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet (KD) in EAE. METHODS AND RESULTS The administration of KD reduces demyelination and microglial activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Meanwhile, KD decreases the levels of Th1 and Th17 associated cytokines/transcription factors production (T-bet, IFN-γ, RORγt, and IL-17) and increases those of Th2 and Treg cytokines/transcription factors (GATA3, IL-4, Foxp3, and IL-10) in the spinal cord and spleen. Corresponding, KD reduces the expression of chemokines in EAE, which those chemokines associate with T-cell infiltration into central nervous system (CNS). In addition, KD inhibits the GSDMD activation in microglia, oligodendrocyte, CD31+ cells, CCR2+ cells, and T cells in the spinal cord. Moreover, KD significantly decreases the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3, and p-STAT4/STAT4, as well as GSDMD in EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS this study demonstrates that KD reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells in the spinal cord and spleen and prevents T cell infiltration into CNS of EAE via modulating the GSDMD and STAT3/4 pathways, suggesting that KD is a potentially effective strategy in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianye Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
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Li H, Wang K, Hao M, Liu Y, Liang X, Yuan D, Ding L. The role of intestinal microecology in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36590. [PMID: 38134100 PMCID: PMC10735145 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microecology is a dominant and complex microecological system in human body. Generally, intestinal microecosystem consists of normal symbiotic flora and its living environment (including intestinal epithelial tissue and intestinal mucosal immune system). Commensal flora is the core component of microecology. Both structures of intestinal mucosa and functions of immune system are essential to maintain homeostasis of intestinal microecosystem. Under normal conditions, intestinal microorganisms and intestinal mucosa coordinate with each other to promote host immunity. When certain factors in the intestine are altered, such as disruption of the intestinal barrier causing dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, the immune system of the host intestinal mucosa makes a series of responses, which leads to the development of intestinal inflammation and promotes colorectal cancer. In this review, to further understand the relationship between intestinal microecology and intestinal diseases, we systematically elaborate the composition of the intestinal mucosal immune system, analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and mucosal immune system, and the role of intestinal flora on intestinal inflammatory diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ding Y, Yang Y, Xue L. Immune cells and their related genes provide a new perspective on the common pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137523. [PMID: 37063924 PMCID: PMC10101339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe close relationship between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been supported by many aspects, including but not limited to clinical manifestations, epidemiology and pathogenesis. Some evidence suggests that immune cells actively participated in the pathogenesis of both diseases. However, information on which cells are primarily involved in this process and how these cells mobilize, migrate and interact is still limited.MethodsDatasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (coDEGs) were identified by package “limma”. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were used to analyze the interactions between coDEGs. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and inverse cumulative distribution function were applied to identify common differential pathways, while Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to confirm the significance. Correlation analysis between coDEGs and immune cells led to the identification of critical immune-cell-related coDEGs. The diagnostic models were established based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify the ability of the model. Validation datasets were imported to demonstrate the significant association of coDEGs with specific immune cells and the capabilities of the diagnostic model.ResultsIn total, 67 genes were up-regulated and 185 genes were down-regulated in both diseases. Four down-regulated pathways and four up-regulated pathways were considered important. Up-regulated coDEGs were firmly associated with neutrophils, while down-regulated genes were significantly associated with CD8+ T−cells and CD4+ T−cells in both AS and IBD datasets. Five up-regulated and six down-regulated key immue-cell-related coDEGs were identified. Diagnostic models based on key immue-cell-related coDEGs were established and tested. Validation datasets confirmed the significance of the correlation between coDEGs and specific immune cells.ConclusionThis study provides fresh insights into the co-pathogenesis of AS and IBD. It is proposed that neutrophils and T cells may be actively involved in this process, however, in opposite ways. The immue-cell-related coDEGs, revealed in this study, may be relevant to their regulation, although relevant research is still lacking.
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Subramanyam SH, Hriczko JT, Pappas A, Schippers A, Wagner N, Ohl K, Tenbrock K. Tofacitinib fails to prevent T cell transfer colitis in mice but ameliorates disease activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3762. [PMID: 36882462 PMCID: PMC9992375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tofactinib is a JAK inhibitor approved for ulcerative colitis in humans. Despite of its' proven effectiveness in humans, mechanistic data are scarce on the effectiveness of Tofactinib in experimental colitis in mice. We induced experimental colitis by transfer of CD4+CD25- isolated T cells into RAG2-/- (T and B cell deficient) mice and treated these mice with tofacitinib for 5-6 weeks either with a dosage of 10 or 40 mg/kg body weight immediately after CD4+ transfer or started treatment after first symptoms of disease for several weeks. While treatment with tofacitinib immediately after transfer resulted in an enhanced expansion of CD4+ T cells and did not prevent occurrence of colitis, treatment after start of symptoms of colitis ameliorated disease activity on a clinical basis and in histological analyses. Tofacitinib is effective in the treatment of murine experimental T cell transfer colitis, however does not prevent occurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Turyne Hriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angeliki Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nobert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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da Silva Watanabe P, Cavichioli AM, D'Arc de Lima Mendes J, Aktar R, Peiris M, Blackshaw LA, de Almeida Araújo EJ. Colonic motility adjustments in acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Life Sci 2023; 321:121642. [PMID: 36990176 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease is recurrent inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal tract causing changes in intestinal motility. The evolution of these changes is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical and functional changes in the colon during the development of acute and chronic DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in C57Bl/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were relocated into 5 groups: control (GC) and groups exposed to DSS 3 % for 2 (DSS2d), 5 (DSS5d) and 7 DSS7d) days (acute UC) or 3 cycles (DSS3C; Chronic UC). Mice were monitored daily. After euthanasia, colonic tissue was assessed with histological, immunofluorescence and colon manometry methods. KEY FINDINGS Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic disease characterized by overt inflammation of the colon. Here we investigate whether the morphological changes caused by UC in the colonic wall, in tuft cells and in enteric neurons also promote any alteration in colonic motility patterns. UC Promotes thickening in the colonic wall, fibrosis, reduction in the number of tuft cells and consequently goblet cells also, without promoting neuronal death however there is a change in the chemical code of myenteric neurons. All of these morphological changes were responsible for causing a change in colonic contractions, colonic migration motor complex, total time of gastrointestinal transit and therefore promoting dysmotility. Further studies stimulating a hyperplasia of tuft cells may be the way to try to keep the colonic epithelium healthy, reducing the damage caused by UC. SIGNIFICANCE Increasing disease pathology of DSS-induced UC induces structural and neuroanatomical changes and driven damage to cholinergic neurons causes colonic dysmotility, including increase of cholinergic myenteric neurons, followed by variations in the motility pattern of different regions of the colon that taking together characterize colonic dysmotility.
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Gomez-Bris R, Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Rius C, Sanchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM. CD4 T-Cell Subsets and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032696. [PMID: 36769019 PMCID: PMC9916759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in the gut in association with microbiota dysbiosis and the disruption of the intestinal barrier, resulting in increased bacterial exposure. In response to signals from microorganisms and damaged tissue, innate immune cells produce inflammatory cytokines and factors that stimulate T and B cells of the adaptive immune system, and a prominent characteristic of IBD patients is the accumulation of inflammatory T-cells and their proinflammatory-associated cytokines in intestinal tissue. Upon antigen recognition and activation, CD4 T-cells differentiate towards a range of distinct phenotypes: T helper(h)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, T follicular helper (Tfh), and several types of T-regulatory cells (Treg). T-cells are generated according to and adapt to microenvironmental conditions and participate in a complex network of interactions among other immune cells that modulate the further progression of IBD. This review examines the role of the CD4 T-cells most relevant to IBD, highlighting how these cells adapt to the environment and interact with other cell populations to promote or inhibit the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Department of History of Science and Information Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- UISYS Research Unit, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Sanchez-Martinez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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Verma P, Arora A, Rana K, Mehta D, Kar R, Verma V, Srikanth CV, Patil VS, Bajaj A. Gemini lipid nanoparticle (GLNP)-mediated oral delivery of TNF-α siRNA mitigates gut inflammation via inhibiting the differentiation of CD4 + T cells. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14717-14731. [PMID: 36169577 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) are critical mediators of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, and are important targets to restore intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we present the engineering and screening of gemini lipid nanoparticles (GLNPs) for siRNA delivery to colon epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, and their ability to deliver siRNA therapeutics to the inflamed gastrointestinal tract. We synthesized eight gemini cationic lipids by tethering two lithocholic acid molecules through 3'-hydroxyl- and 24'-carboxyl-derived ammonium groups using different polyalkylene spacers. Screening of GLNPs, composed of gemini cationic lipid and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine lipid, showed that GLNPs derived from gemini lipid G1 are the most effective in the delivery of siRNA across mammalian cell membranes with reduced toxicity. Gemini lipid G1-derived siRNA-GLNP complexes (siGLNPs) can effectively reduce gene expression, and are stable in simulated gastric fluid. The delivery of TNF-α siRNA using siGLNPs can mitigate gut inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine inflammation model. As CD4+ T cells, especially Th17 cells, are key mediators of gut inflammation, we further showed that these siGLNPs inhibit infiltration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Th17 and Treg cells. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of GLNPs derived from lithocholic acid-derived gemini cationic lipids for the development of next-generation nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.
| | - Amit Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, India
| | - Kajal Rana
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.
| | - Devashish Mehta
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.
| | - Raunak Kar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi,-110067, India
| | - Vikas Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, India
| | - C V Srikanth
- Laboratory of Gut Inflammation and Infection Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India
| | - Veena S Patil
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi,-110067, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121001, India.
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11
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Yao X, Wu Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Gao F, Liu S, Tao Z, Jiang Y, Chen S, Ye J, Chen H, Long Q, Wang H, Zhou X, Shao Q, Qi L, Xia S. T-cell-specific Sel1L deletion exacerbates EAE by promoting Th1/Th17-cell differentiation. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:13-26. [PMID: 35696849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases identified by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the brain. The Sel1L-Hrd1 complex comprising endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is an ER-protein quality control system (ERQC) in the cell. Unfortunately, the contribution of ERAD to the development of these diseases has not been well explored. In this study, we used mice with a conditional deletion (KO) of Sel1L in T cells to dissect the role of ERAD on T cells and its contribution to the development of EAE. The results showed that Sel1L KO mice developed more severe EAE than the control wild type (WT) mice. Although, no obvious effects on peripheral T cells in steady state, more CD44-CD25+ double-negative stage 3 (DN3) cells were detected in the thymus. Moreover, Sel1L deficiency promoted the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulated the proliferation and apoptosis of CD4 T cells in vitro. Regarding the mechanism analyzed by RNA sequencing, 437 downregulated genes and 271 upregulated genes were detected in Sel1L deletion CD4 T cells, which covered the activation, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of these T cells. Thus, this study declared that the dysfunction of Sel1L in ERAD in T cells exacerbated the severity of EAE and indicated the important role of ERQC in maintaining immune homeostasis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linyi Center Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong 276400, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinic Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zehua Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 225300, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affifiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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12
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Awasthi BP, Lee H, Jeong BS. Synthesis of Pyridoxine-Derived Dimethylpyridinols Fused with Aminooxazole, Aminoimidazole, and Aminopyrrole. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072075. [PMID: 35408475 PMCID: PMC9000659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Described in this paper are studies on the preparation of three classes of dimethylpyridinols derived from pyridoxine fused with aminooxazole, aminoimidazole, and aminopyrrole. The key feature of this synthetic strategy is the manipulation of hydroxymethyl moiety of C(5)-position of the pyridoxine starting material along with the installation of an amino group at C(6)-position. Efficient and practical synthesis for the oxazole- and imidazole-fused targets was accomplished, while the instability of the pyrrole-fused one was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (B.-S.J.)
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (B.-S.J.)
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13
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Lu Q, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Xu J, Xu HM, Nie YQ, Wang LS, Yao J, Li DF. Immunology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1825-1844. [PMID: 35310454 PMCID: PMC8928114 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s353038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main digestive organ and an important immune organ, the intestine plays a vital role in resisting the invasion of potential pathogens into the body. Intestinal immune dysfunction remains important pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we explained the interactions among symbiotic flora, intestinal epithelial cells, and the immune system, clarified the operating mechanism of the intestinal immune system, and highlighted the immunological pathogenesis of IBD, with a focus on the development of immunotherapy for IBD. In addition, intestinal fibrosis is a significant complication in patients with long-term IBD, and we reviewed the immunological pathogenesis involved in the development of intestinal fibrogenesis and provided novel antifibrotic immunotherapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital (School of Medicine of South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Yao; De-feng Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 755 25533018, Email ;
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Mahmoudi M, Rastin M, Kazemi Arababadi M, Anaeigoudari A, Nosratabadi R. Enhancing the efficacy of Hypericum perforatum in the treatment of an experimental model of multiple sclerosis using gold nanoparticles: an in vivo study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:325-336. [PMID: 36186934 PMCID: PMC9482707 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.19574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hypericum perforatum is a herbal medicine used in traditional medicine for the treatment of depression due to its antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of H. perforatum extract (HPE) in combination with gold nanoparticles (HPE-GNP) against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous injection of MOG35-55 emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and intraperitoneal pertussis toxin. Mice were treated with drugs in free (HPE) and nano-form (HPE-GNP) preparations. Splenocytes were isolated from all mice and the level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of T cells' transcription factors was also assessed using Real-Time PCR. Results Clinical score was reduced after HPE-GNP treatment. This change was associated with a decrease in the incidence and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system. Additionally, treatment with HPE-GNP decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-6) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-4). The real-time analysis revealed a decrease in the level of T-bet and ROR-γt but an increase in FoxP3 and GATA3 expression. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that HPE-GNP could potentially reduce clinical and pathological complications of EAE, but laboratory data showed that HPE-GNP was significantly more effective than HPE in the treatment of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-9137317876, Fax: +03433257660,
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15
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Human Fallopian Tube - Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Suppressing Th1/Th17 Activation and Migration to Central Nervous System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:609-625. [PMID: 34453694 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells comprise a natural reservoir of undifferentiated cells within adult tissues. Given their self-renewal, multipotency, regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been reported as a promising cell therapy for the treatment of different diseases, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of human tubal mesenchymal stem cells (htMSCs) using the EAE model. htMSCs were able to suppress dendritic cells activation downregulating antigen presentation-related molecules, such as MHCII, CD80 and CD86, while impairing IFN-γ and IL-17 and increasing IL-10 and IL-4 secretion. It further correlated with milder disease scores when compared to the control group due to fewer leukocytes infiltrating the CNS, specially Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, associated with increased IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells. Conversely, microglia were less activated and infiltrating mononuclear cells secreted higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and expressed reduced chemokine receptors as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR8. qPCR of the spinal cords revealed upregulation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Taken together, here evidenced the potential of htMSCs as an alternative for the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Awasthi BP, Chaudhary P, Guragain D, Jee JG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of aminopyridinol-sorafenib hybrids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1884-1897. [PMID: 34340602 PMCID: PMC8344761 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1953997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is recommended as the primary therapeutic drug for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. To discover a new compound that avoids low response rates and toxic side effects that occur in sorafenib therapy, we designed and synthesized new hybrid compounds of sorafenib and 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols. Compound 6 was selected as the best of 24 hybrids that inhibit each of the four Raf kinases. The anti-proliferative activity of 6 in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 cell lines was slightly lower than that of sorafenib. However, in H6c7 and CCD841 normal epithelial cell lines, the cytotoxicity of 6 was much lower than that of sorafenib. In addition, similar to sorafenib, compound 6 inhibited spheroid forming ability of Hep3B cells in vitro and tumour growth in a xenograft tumour model of the chick chorioallantoic membrane implanted with Huh7 cells. Compound 6 may be a promising candidate targeting hepatocellular carcinoma with low toxic side effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Diwakar Guragain
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Mohammadi MR, Rodriguez SM, Luong JC, Li S, Cao R, Alshetaiwi H, Lau H, Davtyan H, Jones MB, Jafari M, Kessenbrock K, Villalta SA, de Vos P, Zhao W, Lakey JRT. Exosome loaded immunomodulatory biomaterials alleviate local immune response in immunocompetent diabetic mice post islet xenotransplantation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:685. [PMID: 34083739 PMCID: PMC8175379 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials compromises the function of implants and leads to medical complications. Here, we report a hybrid alginate microcapsule (AlgXO) that attenuated the immune response after implantation, through releasing exosomes derived from human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (XOs). Upon release, XOs suppress the local immune microenvironment, where xenotransplantation of rat islets encapsulated in AlgXO led to >170 days euglycemia in immunocompetent mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes. In vitro analyses revealed that XOs suppressed the proliferation of CD3/CD28 activated splenocytes and CD3+ T cells. Comparing suppressive potency of XOs in purified CD3+ T cells versus splenocytes, we found XOs more profoundly suppressed T cells in the splenocytes co-culture, where a heterogenous cell population is present. XOs also suppressed CD3/CD28 activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and reduced their cytokine secretion including IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-22, and TNFα. We further demonstrate that XOs mechanism of action is likely mediated via myeloid cells and XOs suppress both murine and human macrophages partly by interfering with NFκB pathway. We propose that through controlled release of XOs, AlgXO provide a promising new platform that could alleviate the local immune response to implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Cam Luong
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rui Cao
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hamad Alshetaiwi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hien Lau
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton Jones
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Armando Villalta
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Sue and Bill Stem Cell Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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18
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Fu J, Zang Y, Zhou Y, Chen C, Shao S, Shi G, Wu L, Zhu G, Sun T, Zhang D, Zhang T. Exploring a novel triptolide derivative possess anti-colitis effect via regulating T cell differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107472. [PMID: 33611058 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are known as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Although the underlying mechanism of action of IBD is unclear and because of the lack of satisfactory treatment, increasing evidence has indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate JAK-STAT signaling pathway regulate the differentiation of naïve T cells towards T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell subsets and contribute to the development of IBD. ZT01 is a newly obtained triptolide derivative with strong anti-inflammatory effects and low toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZT01 on DSS-induced colitis and investigated the underlying mechanism of action involved. Mice with DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis were used to assess the efficacy of ZT01 treatment, and T cells were cultured to analyze the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cell by flow cytometry. In addition, intestinal epithelial barrier function, macrophage polarization, activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the expression of cytokines and transcription factors were measured to assess the possible mechanisms of ZT01. We found that ZT01 had an obviously beneficial effect on DSS-induced colitis by improving the symptoms of bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and a shortened colon, thereby preserving the epithelial barrier function in the mouse colon. Furthermore, ZT01 significantly inhibited T cell differentiation into Th1 and/or Th17 cell subsets and macrophage polarization towards into an inflammatory phenotype via regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggested that ZT01 might be a potential pharmaceutical candidate that deserves to be further investigated as a treatment for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yingda Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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19
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Heterospheroid formation improves therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in murine colitis through immunomodulation and epithelial regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120752. [PMID: 33730631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repairing capacity and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively utilized for treating various inflammatory disorders; however, inconsistent efficacy and therapeutic outcomes due to low survival rate after transplantation often restrain their clinical potential. To overcome these limitations, 3-dimensional culture (3D-culture) was established to augment stemness and paracrine functions of MSCs, although hypoxic stress at the core often leads to unexpected cell death. Thus, we designed a novel strategy to improve the microenvironment of MSCs by creating heterospheroids (HS) consisting of MSCs and quercetin (QUR)-loaded microspheres (MSCHS), to achieve local drug delivery to the cells. Notably, MSCHS exhibited resistance for senescence-associated phenotype and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis compared to 3D-cultured MSCs (MSC3D), as well as to 2D-cultured cells (MSC2D) in vitro. In a murine model of colitis, MSC3D and MSCHS exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory impact than MSC2Dvia attenuating neutrophil infiltration and regulating helper T cell (Th) polarization into Th1 and Th17 cells. Interestingly, MSCHS provided better therapeutic outcomes compared to MSC3D, partially due to their enhanced survival capacity in vivo. Moreover, we found that MSC-derived paracrine factor, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can directly drive the epithelial regeneration process by inducing specialized tissue-repairing cell generation using the intestinal organoid culture. Importantly, MSC3D and MSCHS displayed an outstanding regeneration-inducing potency compared to MSC2D owing to their superior PGE2 secretion. Taken together, we suggest a convergent strategy of MSCHS formation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, QUR, which can maximize the inflammation-attenuating and tissue-repairing capacity of MSCs, as well as the engraftment efficiency after transplantation.
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20
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Pandit M, Acharya S, Gu Y, Seo SU, Kweon MN, Kang B, Chang JH. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate amplifies T reg differentiation via increased IL-2 expression to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1461-1472. [PMID: 33548071 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol reduction by using statin may have adverse effects including statin-induced colitis. Moreover, one of the predisposing factors for colitis is an imbalanced CD4+ T cell, which can be observed on the complete deletion of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), a target of statins. In this study, we inquired geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is responsible for maintaining the T-cell homeostasis. Following dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, simvastatin increased the severity of disease, while cotreatment with GGPP, but not with cholesterol, reversed the disease magnitude. GGPP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by increasing Treg cells. GGPP amplified Treg differentiation through increased IL-2/STAT 5 signaling. GGPP prenylated Ras protein, a prerequisite for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation, leading to increased IL-2 production. Higher simvastatin dose increased the severity of colitis. GGPP ameliorated simvastatin-increased colitis by increasing Treg cells. Treg cells, which have the capacity to suppress inflammatory T cells and were generated through IL-2/STAT5 signaling, increased IL-2 production through prenylation and activation of the Ras/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Pandit
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Acharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 68-Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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21
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The Function and Role of the Th17/Treg Cell Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8813558. [PMID: 33381606 PMCID: PMC7755495 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8813558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of IBD is not yet clear. Studies have shown that the imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, which differentiate from CD4+ T cells, contributes to IBD. Th17 cells promote tissue inflammation, and Treg cells suppress autoimmunity in IBD. Therefore, Th17/Treg cell balance is crucial. Some regulatory factors affecting the production and maintenance of these cells are also important for the proper regulation of the Th17/Treg balance; these factors include T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, costimulatory signals, cytokine signaling, bile acid metabolites, and the intestinal microbiota. This article focuses on our understanding of the function and role of the balance between Th17/Treg cells in IBD and these regulatory factors and their clinical significance in IBD.
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22
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Single-dose intraperitoneal delivery of FK506-encapsulated polymeric microspheres for the alleviation of murine colitis. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Cordes F, Foell D, Ding JN, Varga G, Bettenworth D. Differential regulation of JAK/STAT-signaling in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4055-4075. [PMID: 32821070 PMCID: PMC7403801 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC, it failed in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This finding strongly hints at a different contribution of JAK signaling in both entities. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, we provide a detailed overview of the differences and similarities of JAK/STAT-signaling in UC and CD, highlight the impact of the JAK/STAT pathway in experimental colitis models and summarize the published evidence on JAK/STAT-signaling in immune cells of IBD as well as the genetic association between the JAK/STAT pathway and IBD. Finally, we describe novel treatment strategies targeting JAK/STAT inhibition in UC and CD and comment on the limitations and challenges of the new drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - John Nik Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
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24
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Chaudhary CL, Chaudhary P, Dahal S, Bae D, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Inhibition of colitis by ring-modified analogues of 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104130. [PMID: 32745758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
6-Aminopyridin-3-ol scaffold has shown an excellent anti-inflammatory bowel disease activity. Various analogues with the scaffold were synthesized in pursuit of the diversity of side chains tethering on the C(6)-position. Structure-activity relationship among the analogues was investigated to understand the effects of the side chains and their linkers on their anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, structural modification moved beyond side chains on the C(6)-position and reached to pyridine ring itself. It expedited us to synthesize diverse ring-modified analogues of a representative pyridine-3-ol, 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol (9). In the evaluation of compounds on their inhibitory actions against TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytic cells to colonic epithelial cells, an in vitro model mimicking colon inflammation, the effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 were greater than tofacitinib, an orally available anti-colitis drug, and compound 17 showed the greatest activity. In addition, TNF-α-induced angiogenesis, which permits more inflammatory cell migration into inflamed tissues, was significantly blocked by compounds 17 and 19 in a concentration-dependent manner. In the comparison of in vivo therapeutic effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, compound 17 was the most potent and efficacious, and compound 19 was better than compound 9 which showed a similar degree of inhibitory effect to tofacitinib. Taken together, it seems that either the trimethyl system or the hydroxyl group on the pyridinol ring is essential to the activity. This finding might become a new milestone in the development of pyridinol-based anti-inflammatory bowel disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Dong H, Feng Y, Raguthu C, Liang X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Yao X. The protective effect of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH) 2D 3 supplementation in rat offspring following excess iodide intake. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958295. [PMID: 35154633 PMCID: PMC8832296 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of iodide intake adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, on the thyroid gland of rat offspring. METHODS The offspring of female rats administered 100 times the normal dose of iodide (100 HI; 750 μg/d) during pregnancy and lactation were divided into four different treatment groups. They were either having their iodide intake adjusted from 100 HI to normal iodide intake (7.5 μg/day) or supplemented with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3; 5 μg·kg-1·day-1], or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) uptake percentages were measured using single-photon emission computed tomography, while serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and vitamin D3 (VD3) were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10 in the thyroid gland was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expression of thyroid-hormone-receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid-hormone-receptor β1 (TRβ1) in the thyroid gland was detected using Western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunofluorescence staining were also used to assess thyroid follicular structure and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid glands. RESULTS The immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ co-localized with TRβ1 or the vitamin D receptor in thyroid gland cells of rats that were continuously treated with 100 HI. Following iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, an increase in serum levels of FT3, free thyroxine, and VD3, protein expression of TRα1 and TRβ1 in the thyroid gland cells, and Na99mTcO4 thyroid uptake percentages was observed. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ, decreased, while the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 increased in the thyroid cells of each treatment group, except the group with continuous 100 HI intake. CONCLUSION Iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both may increase the serum levels of FT3, FT4, and VD3, as well as the protein expression levels of TRα1 and TRβ1, in thyroid cells. In addition, iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, may potentially reverse the imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-10) caused by 100 HI, which may be beneficial in improving Na99mTcO4 thyroid uptake percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanni Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ciri Raguthu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuncheng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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26
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Regmi S, Pathak S, Nepal MR, Shrestha P, Park J, Kim JO, Yong CS, Choi DY, Chang JH, Jeong TC, Orive G, Yook S, Jeong JH. Inflammation-triggered local drug release ameliorates colitis by inhibiting dendritic cell migration and Th1/Th17 differentiation. J Control Release 2019; 316:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Shams R, Banik NL, Haque A. Calpain in the cleavage of alpha-synuclein and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:107-124. [PMID: 31601400 PMCID: PMC8434815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) devastates 6.3 million people, ranking it as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide. PD patients may manifest symptoms of postural instability, bradykinesia, and resting tremors as a result of increasing α-synuclein aggregation and neuron death with disease progression. Therapy options are limited, and those available to patients may worsen their condition. Thus, investigations to understand disease progression may help develop therapeutic strategies for improvement of quality of life for patients suffering from PD. This review provides an overview of α-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein whose function in the healthy brain and PD pathology remains a mystery. This review also focuses on calcium-induced activation of calpain, a neutral protease, and the subsequent cascade of cellular processing of α-synuclein and emerging defense responses observed in experimental models of PD: microglial activation, dysregulation of T cells, and inflammatory responses in the brain. In addition, this review discusses the events of cross presentation of synuclein peptides by professional antigen presenting cells and microglia, induction of inflammatory responses in the periphery and brain, and emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies to attenuate neuronal death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Shams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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28
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Zuo L, Li J, Ge S, Ge Y, Shen M, Wang Y, Zhou C, Wu R, Hu J. Bryostatin-1 ameliorated experimental colitis in Il-10 -/- Mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and limiting immune dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5588-5599. [PMID: 31251471 PMCID: PMC6652299 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryostatin‐1 (Bry‐1) has been proven to be effective and safe in clinical trials of a variety of immune‐related diseases. However, little is known about its effect on Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to investigate the impact of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis and determine the mechanism underlying this effect. In the present study, 15‐week‐old male Il‐10−/− mice with spontaneous colitis were divided into positive control and Bry‐1‐treated (Bry‐1, 30 μg/kg every other day, injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks) groups. Age‐matched, male wild‐type (WT) mice were used as a negative control. The effects of Bry‐1 on colitis, intestinal barrier function and T cell responses as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms were evaluated. We found that the systemic delivery of Bry‐1 significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10−/− mice, as demonstrated by decreases in the disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory score and proinflammatory mediator levels. The protective effects of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis included the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and the helper T cell (Th)/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance. These effects of Bry‐1 may act in part through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling activation and STAT3/4 signalling inhibition. The protective effect of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis suggests Bry‐1 has therapeutic potential in human CD, particularly given the established clinical safety of Bry‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdi Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical medicine, Bengbu medical college, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical medicine, Bengbu medical college, Bengbu, China
| | - Changmin Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical medicine, Bengbu medical college, Bengbu, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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29
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Pathak S, Regmi S, Shrestha P, Choi I, Doh KO, Jeong JH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Capping on ECM-Anchored Caspase Inhibitor-Loaded PLGA Microspheres for Intraperitoneal Injection in DSS-Induced Murine Colitis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901269. [PMID: 31018047 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as a promising alternative for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, poor viability and engraftment of MSCs after transplantation are major hurdles in mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated scaffolds provide better cell attachment and mechanical support for MSCs after transplantation. A single-step method for ECM functionalization on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres using a novel compound, dopamine-conjugated poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), as a stabilizer during the preparation of microspheres is reported. The dopamine molecules on the surface of microspheres provide active sites for the conjugation of ECM in an aqueous solution. The results reveal that the viability of MSCs improves when they are coated over the ECM-functionalized PLGA microspheres (eMs). In addition, the incorporation of a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor (IDN6556) into the eMs synergistically increases the viability of MSCs under in vitro conditions. Intraperitoneal injection of the MSC-microsphere hybrid alleviates experimental colitis in a murine model via inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation of CD4+ T cells in colon-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Therefore, drug-loaded ECM-coated surfaces may be considered as attractive tools for improving viability, proliferation, and functionality of MSCs following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
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30
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Acharya S, Timilshina M, Chang JH. Mevalonate promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:927-936. [PMID: 31020340 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate is a precursor in a biosynthetic pathway that is important for the coordination of regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation and upregulation of the suppressive function that establishes the functional competency of Tregs. The extensive role of mevalonate and its underlying effect on Treg differentiation are still unclear. We found that mevalonate increases in vitro differentiation of induced Tregs (iTregs) without broadly affecting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, an adoptive transfer study showed that mevalonate enhanced peripherally induced Treg cells (pTregs) in mesenteric lymphocytes in vivo. Mevalonate-treated iTregs exhibited greater suppressive activity against effector cells than untreated Tregs. Mechanistically, mevalonate enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad3, but not Smad2, and by promoting Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mevalonate treatment ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and resulted in an increased percentage of Tregs in vivo. Our results suggest that mevalonate enhanced Treg differentiation and ameliorated DSS colitis, indicating its potential for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Acharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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