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Tuppurainen H, Laurila N, Nätynki M, Eshraghi L, Tervasmäki A, Erichsen L, Sørensen CS, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Peltoketo H. PALB2-mutated human mammary cells display a broad spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities induced by increased TGFβ signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:173. [PMID: 38597967 PMCID: PMC11006627 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in any of three major genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, are associated with high-risk hereditary breast cancer susceptibility frequently seen as familial disease clustering. PALB2 is a key interaction partner and regulator of several vital cellular activities of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and is thus required for DNA damage repair and alleviation of replicative and oxidative stress. Little is however known about how PALB2-deficiency affects cell function beyond that, especially in the three-dimensional setting, and also about its role during early steps of malignancy development. To answer these questions, we have generated biologically relevant MCF10A mammary epithelial cell lines with mutations that are comparable to certain clinically important PALB2 defects. We show in a non-cancerous background how both mono- and biallelically PALB2-mutated cells exhibit gross spontaneous DNA damage and mitotic aberrations. Furthermore, PALB2-deficiency disturbs three-dimensional spheroid morphology, increases the migrational capacity and invasiveness of the cells, and broadly alters their transcriptome profiles. TGFβ signaling and KRT14 expression are enhanced in PALB2-mutated cells and their inhibition and knock down, respectively, lead to partial restoration of cell functions. KRT14-positive cells are also more abundant with DNA damage than KRT14-negative cells. The obtained results indicate comprehensive cellular changes upon PALB2 mutations, even in the presence of half dosage of wild type PALB2 and demonstrate how PALB2 mutations may predispose their carriers to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tuppurainen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Laurila
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjut Nätynki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Eshraghi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louisa Erichsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hellevi Peltoketo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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2
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Casadidio C, Hartman JEM, Mesquita B, Haegebaert R, Remaut K, Neumann M, Hak J, Censi R, Di Martino P, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Effect of Polyplex Size on Penetration into Tumor Spheroids. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5515-5531. [PMID: 37811785 PMCID: PMC10630948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world. In recent years, nucleic acid (NA)-based formulations have been shown to be promising treatments for ovarian cancer, including tumor nodules. However, gene therapy is not that far advanced in clinical reality due to unfavorable physicochemical properties of the NAs, such as high molecular weight, poor cellular uptake, rapid degradation by nucleases, etc. One of the strategies used to overcome these drawbacks is the complexation of anionic NAs via electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers, resulting in the formation of so-called polyplexes. In this work, the role of the size of pDNA and siRNA polyplexes on their penetration into ovarian-cancer-based tumor spheroids was investigated. For this, a methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (mPEG-pDMAEMA) diblock copolymer was synthesized as a polymeric carrier for NA binding and condensation with either plasmid DNA (pDNA) or short interfering RNA (siRNA). When prepared in HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) at a nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) charge ratio of 5 and pDNA polyplexes were formed with a size of 162 ± 11 nm, while siRNA-based polyplexes displayed a size of 25 ± 2 nm. The polyplexes had a slightly positive zeta potential of +7-8 mV in the same buffer. SiRNA and pDNA polyplexes were tracked in vitro into tumor spheroids, resembling in vivo avascular ovarian tumor nodules. For this purpose, reproducible spheroids were obtained by coculturing ovarian carcinoma cells with primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts in different ratios (5:2, 1:1, and 2:5). Penetration studies revealed that after 24 h of incubation, siRNA polyplexes were able to penetrate deeper into the homospheroids (composed of only cancer cells) and heterospheroids (cancer cells cocultured with fibroblasts) compared to pDNA polyplexes which were mainly located in the rim. The penetration of the polyplexes was slowed when increasing the fraction of fibroblasts present in the spheroids. Furthermore, in the presence of serum siRNA polyplexes encoding for luciferase showed a high cellular uptake in 2D cells resulting in ∼50% silencing of luciferase expression. Taken together, these findings show that self-assembled small siRNA polyplexes have good potential as a platform to test ovarian tumor nodulus penetration..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casadidio
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University
of Camerino, CHiP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Jet E. M. Hartman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bárbara
S. Mesquita
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ragna Haegebaert
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory
of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Neumann
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaimie Hak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Censi
- School
of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery Division, University
of Camerino, CHiP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
- Recusol
Srl, Via del Bastione
16, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Department
of Pharmacy, “G. D’Annunzio”
University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 1, 66100 Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Recusol
Srl, Via del Bastione
16, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Utrecht University 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Grilli F, Hassan EM, Variola F, Zou S. Harnessing graphene oxide nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in a 3D spheroid model of lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6635-6649. [PMID: 37609774 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been recently proposed as an effective strategy for cancer treatment. A significant body of literature proved the effectiveness of nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to 2D tumour models, which are simple but not always representative of the in vivo reality. In this study, we analyze the efficiency of 3D spheroids combined with a minimally modified graphene oxide (GO)-based nanocarrier for siRNA delivery as a new system for cell transfection. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47; CD47_siRNA) was used as an anti-tumour therapeutic agent to silence the genes expressing CD47. This is a surface marker able to send a "don't eat me" signal to macrophages to prevent their phagocytosis. Also, we report the analysis of different GO formulations, in terms of size (small: about 100 nm; large: >650 nm) and functionalization (unmodified or modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the dendrimer PAMAM), aiming to establish the efficiency of unmodified GO as a nanocarrier for the transfection of A549 lung cancer spheroids. Small modified GO (smGO) showed the highest transfection efficiency values (>90%) in 3D models. Interestingly, small unmodified GO (sGO) was found to be promising for transfection, with efficiency values >80% using a higher siRNA ratio (i.e., 3 : 1). These results demonstrated the higher efficiency of spheroids compared to 2D models for transfection, and the high potential of unmodified GO to carry siRNA, providing a promising new in vitro model system for the analysis of anticancer gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grilli
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eman M Hassan
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Chatterjee K, Lakdawala S, Quadir SS, Puri D, Mishra DK, Joshi G, Sharma S, Choudhary D. siRNA-Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Effectiveness of Antivirals: An Insight. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:170. [PMID: 37566146 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the ground-breaking discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), scientists have made significant progress in the field of small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments. Due to severe barriers to the therapeutic application of siRNA, nanoparticle technologies for siRNA delivery have been designed. For pathological circumstances such as viral infection, toxic RNA abnormalities, malignancies, and hereditary diseases, siRNAs are potential therapeutic agents. However, systemic administration of siRNAs in vivo remains a substantial issue due to a lack of "drug-likeness" (siRNA are relatively larger than drugs and have low hydrophobicity), physiological obstacles, and possible toxicities. This write-up covers important accomplishment in the field of clinical trials and patents specially based of siRNAs using targeting viruses. Furthermore, it offers deep insight of nanoparticle applied for siRNA delivery and strategies to improve the effectiveness of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Sagheerah Lakdawala
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur (C.G.), 495009, India
| | - Garima Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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5
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Huang Z, Wu H, Fan J, Mei Q, Fu Y, Yin N, Xu B, Luo S, Li B, Ni J, Huang C, Hu J, Zeng Y. Colonic mucin-2 attenuates acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats by modulating intestinal homeostasis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22994. [PMID: 37249555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201998r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-2 (MUC2) secreted by goblet cells participates in the intestinal barrier, but its mechanism in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) remains unclear. In acute pancreatitis (AP) patients, the functions of goblet cells (MUC2, FCGBP, CLCA1, and TFF3) decreased, and MUC2 was negatively correlated with AP severity. ANP rats treated with pilocarpine (PILO) (PILO+ANP rats) to deplete MUC2 showed more serious pancreatic and colonic injuries, goblet cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation than those of ANP rats. GC-MS analysis of feces showed that PILO+ANP rats had lower levels of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and hexanoic acid than those of ANP rats. The expression of MUC2 was associated with colonic injury and gut dysbiosis. All these phenomena could be relieved, and goblet cell functions were also partially reversed by MUC2 supplementation in ANP rats. TNF-α-treated colonoids had exacerbated goblet cell dysfunction. MUC2 expression was negatively correlated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) (p < .05) and positively related to the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin 1, Occludin, and ZO1) (p < .05). Downregulating MUC2 by siRNA increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonoids. MUC2 might maintain intestinal homeostasis to alleviate ANP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixiang Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuoming Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binqiang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Aoyama J, Nojima Y, Sano D, Hirai Y, Kijima N, Aizawa Y, Takada K, Hatano T, Takahashi H, Nishimura G, Oridate N. Effect of HER2-targeted therapy on PDX and PDX-derived organoids generated from HER2-positive salivary duct carcinoma. Head Neck 2023. [PMID: 37184432 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and PDX-derived organoids (PDXOs) for salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). Using these models, this study examined the therapeutic effect of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade on HER2-positive SDC. METHODS The therapeutic effect of lapatinib was assessed in SDC PDXOs with regards to cell growth, receptor/downstream signaling molecule expression, phosphorylation levels, and apoptosis. Effect of lapatinib treatment was evaluated in vivo in SDC PDX mice. RESULTS The siRNA knockdown of HER2 and lapatinib suppressed cell proliferation in SDC PDXOs. Lapatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of HER2 and its downstream targets, and induced apoptosis in SDC PDXOs. Lapatinib also significantly reduced tumor volumes compared with that of the control in SDC PDX mice. CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrated the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy in HER2-positive SDC using preclinical models of SDC PDX and PDXO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Aoyama
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nojima
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirai
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kijima
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Aizawa
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takada
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatano
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Goshi Nishimura
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Oridate
- Department of Biology and Function in Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Dorard C, Madry C, Buhard O, Toifl S, Didusch S, Ratovomanana T, Letourneur Q, Dolznig H, Garnett MJ, Duval A, Baccarini M. RAF1 contributes to cell proliferation and STAT3 activation in colorectal cancer independently of microsatellite and KRAS status. Oncogene 2023; 42:1649-1660. [PMID: 37020037 PMCID: PMC10181936 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 30% of all human cancers are driven by RAS mutations and activating KRAS mutations are present in 40% of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the two main CRC subgroups, MSS (Microsatellite Stable) and MSI (Microsatellite Instable). Studies in RAS-driven tumors have shown essential roles of the RAS effectors RAF and specifically of RAF1, which can be dependent or independent of RAF's ability to activate the MEK/ERK module. In this study, we demonstrate that RAF1, but not its kinase activity, plays a crucial role in the proliferation of both MSI and MSS CRC cell line-derived spheroids and patient-derived organoids, and independently of KRAS mutation status. Moreover, we could define a RAF1 transcriptomic signature which includes genes that contribute to STAT3 activation, and could demonstrate that RAF1 ablation decreases STAT3 phosphorylation in all CRC spheroids tested. The genes involved in STAT3 activation as well as STAT3 targets promoting angiogenesis were also downregulated in human primary tumors expressing low levels of RAF1. These results indicate that RAF1 could be an attractive therapeutic target in both MSI and MSS CRC regardless of their KRAS status and support the development of selective RAF1 degraders rather than RAF1 inhibitors for clinical use in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Dorard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Madry
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buhard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Toifl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Didusch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toky Ratovomanana
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Letourneur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 10, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alex Duval
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 and SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center of Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Novak DD, Troitskaya OS, Nushtaeva AA, Zhilnikova MV, Richter VA, Meschaninova MI, Koval OA. EGFR Suppression Inhibits the Sphere Formation of MCF7 Cells Overexpressing EGFR. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:59-69. [PMID: 37538799 PMCID: PMC10395776 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.17857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase that is involved in tumor initiation and progression, making EGFR inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies to this receptor essential for anti-tumor therapy. We have previously shown that EGFR transgene expression in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF7 (MCF7-EGFR) stimulates the 3D spheroid-like growth. The primary focus of our present work was to investigate whether EGFR inhibition could affect the assembly of spheroids or lead to the destruction of pre-existing spheroids. We compared the effects of anti-EGFR siRNA, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 on dissociated and spheroid MCF7-EGFR cells. MCF7-EGFR cells were found to have a 2.5-fold higher sensitivity towards the cytotoxic effects of cetuximab and AG1478 compared with the parental MCF7 cell line. The suppression of EGFR mRNA with siRNA was found to reduce the sphere formation, whereas treating the pre-existing spheroids had no such effect. Treatment of dissociated spheroids with cetuximab and AG1478 was also found to inhibit the MCF7-EGFR sphere formation. We suggest that EGFR expression is important, at least, during the spheroid formation stage. The transition of a MCF7wt adherent cell culture to MCF7-EGFR spheroids was accompanied by a considerable increase in N-cadherin adhesion proteins. The level of N-cadherin decreased when MCF7-EGFR cells were treated with siRNA and cetuximab. Thus, we have demonstrated that N-cadherin is involved in the EGFR-dependent formation of MCF7-EGFR spheroids. Accordingly, MCF7-EGFR spheroids can be considered a suitable model for studying aggressive hormone-positive breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Novak
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - O. S. Troitskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - A. A. Nushtaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - M. V. Zhilnikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - V. A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - M. I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - O. A. Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
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9
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Bressy C, Zemani A, Goyal S, Jishkariani D, Lee CN, Chen YH. Inhibition of c-Rel expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells with distearoyl -phosphatidylserine (DSPS) liposomal nanoparticles encapsulating therapeutic siRNA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276905. [PMID: 36520934 PMCID: PMC9754606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Rel, a member of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family, is preferentially expressed by immune cells and is known to regulate inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, there is a lack of therapeutic intervention to specifically inhibit c-Rel in immune cells. Recent success with Pfizer and Moderna mRNA lipid-encapsulated vaccines as well as FDA approved medicines based on siRNA prompted us to test a lipid nanoparticle-based strategy to silence c-Rel in immune cells. Specifically, we encapsulated c-Rel-targeting siRNA into distearoyl-phosphatidylserine (DSPS)-containing nanoparticles. DSPS is a saturated phospholipid that serves as the "eat-me" signal for professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils of the immune system. We demonstrated here that incorporation of DSPS in liposome nanoparticles (LNP) improved their uptake by immune cells. LNP containing high concentrations of DSPS were highly effective to transfect not only macrophages and neutrophils, but also lymphocytes, with limited toxicity to cells. However, LNP containing low concentrations of DSPS were more effective to transfect myeloid cells than lymphoid cells. Importantly, DSPS-LNP loaded with a c-Rel siRNA were highly effective to inhibit c-Rel expression in several professional phagocytes tested, which lasted for several days. Taken together, our results suggest that DSPS-LNP armed with c-Rel siRNA could be exploited to target immune cells to limit the development of inflammatory diseases or cancer caused by c-Rel upregulation. In addition, this newly developed DSPS-LNP system may be further tested to encapsulate and deliver other small molecule drugs to immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bressy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CB); (YHC)
| | - Ali Zemani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shreya Goyal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Davit Jishkariani
- Chemical and Nanoparticle Synthesis Core (CNSC), The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Chin Nien Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Youhai H. Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAS Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (CB); (YHC)
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10
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Hiratsuka K, Miyoshi T, Kroll KT, Gupta NR, Valerius MT, Ferrante T, Yamashita M, Lewis JA, Morizane R. Organoid-on-a-chip model of human ARPKD reveals mechanosensing pathomechanisms for drug discovery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0866. [PMID: 36129975 PMCID: PMC9491724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organoids serve as a novel tool for disease modeling in three-dimensional multicellular contexts. Static organoids, however, lack the requisite biophysical microenvironment such as fluid flow, limiting their ability to faithfully recapitulate disease pathology. Here, we unite organoids with organ-on-a-chip technology to unravel disease pathology and develop therapies for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. PKHD1-mutant organoids-on-a-chip are subjected to flow that induces clinically relevant phenotypes of distal nephron dilatation. Transcriptomics discover 229 signal pathways that are not identified by static models. Mechanosensing molecules, RAC1 and FOS, are identified as potential therapeutic targets and validated by patient kidney samples. On the basis of this insight, we tested two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved and one investigational new drugs that target RAC1 and FOS in our organoid-on-a-chip model, which suppressed cyst formation. Our observations highlight the vast potential of organoid-on-a-chip models to elucidate complex disease mechanisms for therapeutic testing and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hiratsuka
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoya Miyoshi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina T. Kroll
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navin R. Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M. Todd Valerius
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Ferrante
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Lewis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Lou L, Kong S, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang H. Human Endometrial Organoids: Recent Research Progress and Potential Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844623. [PMID: 35242764 PMCID: PMC8885623 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture cannot meet the demand of simulating physiological conditions in vivo, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been developed. To date, most of these systems have been applied for the culture of gastrointestinal and neural tissue. As for the female reproductive system, the culture of endometrial and oviductal tissues in Matrigel has also been performed, but there are still some problems that remain unsolved. This review highlights recent progress regarding endometrial organoids, focusing on the signal for organoid derivation and maintenance, the coculture of the epithelium and stroma, the drug screening using organoids from cancer patients, and provides a potential guideline for genome editing in endometrial organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunyan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Singh MS, Ramishetti S, Landesman-Milo D, Goldsmith M, Chatterjee S, Palakuri R, Peer D. Therapeutic Gene Silencing Using Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles in Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100287. [PMID: 33825318 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive tumor owing to its ability to metastasize from stage II onward. Herein, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate combination of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), and eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 3c (eIF3c), to target different cellular pathways essential for ovarian cancer progression are generated. The LNPs are further modified with hyaluronan (tNPs) to target cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) expressing cells. Interestingly, hyaluronan-coated LNPs (tNPs) prolong functional activity and reduce growth kinetics of spheroids in in vitro assay as compared to uncoated LNPs (uNPs) due to ≈1500-fold higher expression of CD44. Treatment of 2D and 3D cultured ovarian cancer cells with LNPs encapsulating both siRNAs result in 85% cell death and robust target gene silencing. In advanced orthotopic ovarian cancer model, intraperitoneal administration of LNPs demonstrates CD44 specific tumor targeting of tNPs compared to uNPs and robust gene silencing in tissues involved in ovarian cancer pathophysiology. At very low siRNA dose, enhanced overall survival of 60% for tNPs treated mice is observed compared to 10% and 20% for single siRNA-, eIF3c-tNP, and PLK1-tNP treatment groups, respectively. Overall, LNPs represent promising platform in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer by improving median- and overall-survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Smriti Singh
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dalit Landesman-Milo
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Meir Goldsmith
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sushmita Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ramesh Palakuri
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences & Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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13
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Liput M, Magliaro C, Kuczynska Z, Zayat V, Ahluwalia A, Buzanska L. Tools and approaches for analyzing the role of mitochondria in health, development and disease using human cerebral organoids. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:591-607. [PMID: 33725382 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in generating energy to power various processes in the cell. Although the pivotal role of mitochondria in neurogenesis was demonstrated (first in animal models), very little is known about their role in human embryonic neurodevelopment and its pathology. In this respect human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived cerebral organoids provide a tractable, alternative model system of the early neural development and disease that is responsive to pharmacological and genetic manipulations, not possible to apply in humans. Although the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and brain dysfunction has been demonstrated, the precise role they play in cell life and death remains unknown, compromising the development of new mitochondria-targeted approaches to treat human diseases. The cerebral organoid model of neurogenesis and disease in vitro provides an unprecedented opportunity to answer some of the most fundamental questions about mitochondrial function in early human neurodevelopment and neural pathology. Largely an unexplored territory due to the lack of tools and approaches, this review focuses on recent technological advancements in fluorescent and molecular tools, imaging systems, and computational approaches for quantitative and qualitative analyses of mitochondrial structure and function in three-dimensional cellular assemblies-cerebral organoids. Future developments in this direction will further facilitate our understanding of the important role or mitochondrial dynamics and energy requirements during early embryonic development. This in turn will provide a further understanding of how dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Liput
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Magliaro
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio", and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zuzanna Kuczynska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valery Zayat
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio", and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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5-Aminosalicylic acid inhibits stem cell function in human adenoma-derived cells: implications for chemoprophylaxis in colorectal tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1959-1969. [PMID: 33785874 PMCID: PMC8184823 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most colorectal cancers (CRC) arise sporadically from precursor lesions: colonic polyps. Polyp resection prevents progression to CRC. Risk of future polyps is proportional to the number and size of polyps detected at screening, allowing identification of high-risk individuals who may benefit from effective chemoprophylaxis. We aimed to investigate the potential of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a medication used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, as a possible preventative agent for sporadic CRC. Methods Human colorectal adenoma (PC/AA/C1, S/AN/C1 and S/RG/C2), transformed adenoma PC/AA/C1/SB10 and carcinoma cell lines (LS174T and SW620) were treated with 5-ASA. The effect on growth in two- and three-dimensional (3D) culture, β-catenin transcriptional activity and on cancer stemness properties of the cells were investigated. Results 5-ASA was shown, in vitro, to inhibit the growth of adenoma cells and suppress β-catenin transcriptional activity. Downregulation of β-catenin was found to repress expression of stem cell marker LGR5 (leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor-5) and functionally suppress stemness in human adenoma and carcinoma cells using 3D models of tumorigenesis. Conclusions 5-ASA can suppress the cancer stem phenotype in adenoma-derived cells. Affordable and well-tolerated, 5-ASA is an outstanding candidate as a chemoprophylactic medication to reduce the risk of colorectal polyps and CRC in those at high risk.
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15
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Dias F, Almeida C, Teixeira AL, Morais M, Medeiros R. LAT1 and ASCT2 Related microRNAs as Potential New Therapeutic Agents against Colorectal Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020195. [PMID: 33669301 PMCID: PMC7920065 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations and more recently with changes in cell metabolism. Amino acid transporters are key players in tumor development, and it is described that tumor cells upregulate some AA transporters in order to support the increased amino acid (AA) intake to sustain the tumor additional needs for tumor growth and proliferation through the activation of several signaling pathways. LAT1 and ASCT2 are two AA transporters involved in the regulation of the mTOR pathway that has been reported as upregulated in CRC. Some attempts have been made in order to develop therapeutic approaches to target these AA transporters, however none have reached the clinical setting so far. MiRNA-based therapies have been gaining increasing attention from pharmaceutical companies and now several miRNA-based drugs are currently in clinical trials with promising results. In this review we combine a bioinformatic approach with a literature review in order to identify a miRNA profile with the potential to target both LAT1 and ASCT2 with potential to be used as a therapeutic approach against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center—LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (C.A.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Cristina Almeida
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center—LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (C.A.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), Estrada da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center—LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (C.A.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225084000 (ext. 5410)
| | - Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center—LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (C.A.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Research Center—LAB2, E Bdg 1st Floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (C.A.); (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer Regional Nucleus of the North (LPCC-NRN), Estrada da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials for Engineering Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112506. [PMID: 33126468 PMCID: PMC7692845 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of in vitro models that represent the native tumor microenvironment is a significant challenge for cancer research. Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture has long been the standard for in vitro cell-based studies. However, differences between 2D culture and the in vivo environment have led to poor translation of cancer research from in vitro to in vivo models, slowing the progress of the field. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culture have improved the ability of in vitro culture to replicate in vivo conditions. Although 3D cultures still cannot achieve the complexity of the in vivo environment, they can still better replicate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of solid tumors. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are three-dimensional (3D) clusters of cells with tumor-like features such as oxygen gradients and drug resistance, and represent an important translational tool for cancer research. Accordingly, natural and synthetic polymers, including collagen, hyaluronic acid, Matrigel®, polyethylene glycol (PEG), alginate and chitosan, have been used to form and study MCTS for improved clinical translatability. This review evaluates the current state of biomaterial-based MCTS formation, including advantages and disadvantages of the different biomaterials and their recent applications to the field of cancer research, with a focus on the past five years.
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17
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Porter RJ, Murray GI, McLean MH. Current concepts in tumour-derived organoids. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1209-1218. [PMID: 32728094 PMCID: PMC7555542 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer comprises a collection of highly proliferative and heterogeneous cells growing within an adaptive and evolving tumour microenvironment. Cancer survival rates have significantly improved following decades of cancer research. However, many experimental and preclinical studies do not translate to the bedside, reflecting the challenges of modelling the complexities and multicellular basis of human disease. Organoids are novel, complex, three-dimensional ex vivo tissue cultures that are derived from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or tissue-resident progenitor cells, and represent a near-physiological model for studying cancer. Organoids develop by self-organisation, and can accurately represent the diverse genetic, cellular and pathophysiological hallmarks of cancer. In addition, co-culture methods and the ability to genetically manipulate these organoids have widened their utility in cancer research. Organoids thus offer a new and exciting platform for studying cancer and directing personalised therapies. This review aims to highlight how organoids are shaping the future of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Mairi H McLean
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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18
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Anosmin-1 activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and its related signaling pathway for olfactory bulb angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:188. [PMID: 31932617 PMCID: PMC6957483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anosmin-1 is a secreted glycoprotein encoded by the ANOS1 gene, and its loss of function causes Kallmann syndrome (KS), which is characterized by anosmia and hypogonadism due to olfactory bulb (OB) dysfunction. However, the physiological function of anosmin-1 remains to be elucidated. In KS, disordered angiogenesis is observed in OB, resulting in its hypoplasia. In this study, we examined the involvement of anosmin-1 in angiogenic processes. Anosmin-1 was detected on the vessel-like structure in OB of chick embryos, and promoted the outgrowth of vascular sprouts as shown by assays of OB tissue culture. Cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells were induced by treatment with anosmin-1 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and further enhanced by treatment with both of them. We newly identified that anosmin-1 activated VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) by binding directly to it, and its downstream signaling molecules, phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) and protein kinase C (PKC). These results suggest that anosmin-1 plays a key role in the angiogenesis of developing OB through the VEGFR2–PLCγ1–PKC axis by enhancing the VEGF function.
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Zhu Q, Hamilton M, Vasquez B, He M. 3D-printing enabled micro-assembly of a microfluidic electroporation system for 3D tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2362-2372. [PMID: 31214669 PMCID: PMC6636854 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electro-transfection is an essential workhorse tool for regulating cellular responses and engineering cellular materials in tissue engineering. However, most of the existing approaches are only focused on cell suspensions in vitro, which fails to mimic an in vivo tissue microenvironment regarding the 3D electric field distribution and mass transport in a biological matrix. However, building a 3D electro-transfection system that is compatible with 3D cell culture for mimicking the in vivo tissue microenvironment is challenging, due to the substantial difficulties in control of the 3D electric field distribution as well as the cellular growth. To address such challenges, we introduce a novel 3D micro-assembly strategy assisted by 3D printing, which enables the molding of 3D microstructures as LEGO® parts from 3D-printed molds. The molded PDMS LEGO® bricks are then assembled into a 3D-cell culture chamber interconnected with vertical and horizontal perfusion microchannels as a 3D channel network. Such a 3D perfusion microchannel network is unattainable by direct 3D printing or other microfabrication approaches, which can facilitate the highly-efficient exchange of nutrition and waste for 3D cell growth. Four flat electrodes are mounted into the 3D culture chamber via a 3D-printed holder and controlled by a programmable power sequencer for multi-directional electric frequency scanning (3D μ-electro-transfection). This multi-directional scanning not only can create transient pores all over the cell membrane, but also can generate local oscillation for enhancing mass transport and improving cell transfection efficiency. As a proof-of-concept, we electro-delivered the pAcGFP1-C1 vector to 3D cultured HeLa cells within peptide hydrogel scaffolding. The expressed GFP level from transfected HeLa cells reflects the transfection efficiency. We found two key parameters including electric field strength and plasmid concentration playing more important roles than the pulse duration and duty cycles. The results showed an effective transfection efficiency of ∼15% with ∼85% cell viability, which is 3-fold higher compared to that of the conventional benchtop 3D cell electro-transfection. This 3D μ-electrotransfection system was further used for genetically editing 3D-cultured Hek-293 cells via direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid which showed successful transfection with GFP expressed in the cytoplasm as the reporter. The 3D-printing enabled micro-assembly allows facile creation of a novel 3D culture system for electro-transfection, which can be employed for versatile gene delivery and cellular engineering, as well as building in vivo like tissue models for fundamentally studying cellular regulation mechanisms at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
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