1
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Silva RM, Rocha J, Silva RF. ALD/MLD coating of patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube micropillars with Fe-NH 2TP hybrids. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37306049 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01610b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The creation of nanoscale organic-inorganic hybrid coatings with uniform architecture and high surface area, while maintaining their structural and morphological integrity, remains a significant challenge in the field. In this study, we present a novel solution, by utilizing Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposition (ALD/MLD) to coat patterned vertically aligned carbon nanotube micropillars with a conformal amorphous layer of Fe-NH2TP, which is a trivalent iron complex complexed with 2-amino terephthalate. The effectiveness of the coating is verified through multiple analytical techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Fe-NH2TP hybrid film exhibits hydrophobic properties, as confirmed by water contact angle measurements. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of how to grow high-quality one-dimensional materials using ALD/MLD and hold promise for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Rocha
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - R F Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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2
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Multia J, Kravchenko DE, Rubio-Giménez V, Philip A, Ameloot R, Karppinen M. Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Prepared Directly from Gaseous Precursors by Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition: Implications for Microelectronics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:827-831. [PMID: 36743856 PMCID: PMC9887593 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) allows for the direct gas-phase synthesis of crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films. Here, we show for the first time using krypton and methanol physisorption measurements that ALD/MLD-fabricated copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) ultrathin films possess accessible porosity matching that of the corresponding bulk MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Multia
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Dmitry E. Kravchenko
- Centre
for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Víctor Rubio-Giménez
- Centre
for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Anish Philip
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre
for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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3
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Shen Y, Tissot A, Serre C. Recent progress on MOF-based optical sensors for VOC sensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13978-14007. [PMID: 36540831 PMCID: PMC9728564 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The raising apprehension of volatile organic compound (VOC) exposures urges the exploration of advanced monitoring platforms. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide many attractive features including tailorable porosity, high surface areas, good chemical/thermal stability, and various host-guest interactions, making them appealing candidates for VOC capture and sensing. To comprehensively exploit the potential of MOFs as sensing materials, great efforts have been dedicated to the shaping and patterning of MOFs for next-level device integration. Among different types of sensors (chemiresistive sensors, gravimetric sensors, optical sensors, etc.), MOFs coupled with optical sensors feature distinctive strength. This review summarized the latest advancements in MOF-based optical sensors with a particular focus on VOC sensing. The subject is discussed by different mechanisms: colorimetry, luminescence, and sensors based on optical index modulations. Critical analysis for each system highlighting practical aspects was also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Shen
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
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4
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Thai VP, Nguyen HD, Saito N, Takahashi K, Sasaki T, Kikuchi T. Precise size-control and functionalization of gold nanoparticles synthesized by plasma-liquid interactions: using carboxylic, amino, and thiol ligands. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4490-4501. [PMID: 36341298 PMCID: PMC9595108 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in high-standard applications requires GNPs to be fabricated with high-quality size and surface properties. Plasma-liquid interactions (PLIs) have the unique ability to synthesize GNPs without using any reducing agents, and the GNP surface is free of stabilizing agents. It is an extreme advantage that ensures success for the subsequent functionalization processes for GNPs. However, fabricating GNPs via PLIs at the desired size has still been a challenge. Here, we present a simple approach to achieving the precise size-control of GNPs synthesized by PLIs. By adding suitable ligands to the precursor solution, the ligands wrap GNPs which interrupts and slows down the rapid growth of GNPs under PLIs. This way, the size of the GNPs can be precisely controlled by adjusting the ligand concentration. Our results showed that the size of the GNPs in the range of 10-60 nm can be fitted to reciprocal functions of the ligand concentration. The potency of the size-control depends on the type of ligands in the order of thiol > amine > carboxylate. The size-control has been well investigated with four common ligands: l-cysteine, glucosamine, salicylic acid, and terephthalic acid. XPS, FTIR, and zeta potential techniques confirmed the presence of these ligands on GNPs. The results indicated that functionalized ligands could be utilized to control the size and functionalize the GNP surface. Hence our approach could simultaneously achieve two goals: precise size-control and functionalization of GNPs without the ligand-exchange step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Phuoc Thai
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology and Education Ho Chi Minh City 71307 Vietnam
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
| | - Hieu Duy Nguyen
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takahashi
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
- Department of Nuclear Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188 Japan
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5
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Abadia AV, Herbert KM, White TJ, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL. Biocatalytic 3D Actuation in Liquid Crystal Elastomers via Enzyme Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26480-26488. [PMID: 35652291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are stimuli-responsive materials that undergo large shape transformations after undergoing an order-disorder transition. While shape reconfigurations in LCEs are predominantly triggered by heat, there is a considerable interest in developing highly specific triggers that work at room temperature. Herein, we report the fabrication of biocatalytic LCEs that respond to the presence of urea by covalently immobilizing urease within chemically responsive LCE networks. The hydrogen-bonded LCEs developed in this work exhibited contractile strains of up to 36% upon exposure to a base. Notably, the generation of ammonia by immobilized urease triggered a disruption in the supramolecular network and a large reduction of liquid crystalline order in the films when the LCEs were exposed to urea. This reduction in order was macroscopically translated into a strain response that could be modulated by changing the concentration of urea or exposure time to the substrate. Local control of the mechanical response of the LCE was realized by spatially patterning the enzyme on the surface of the films. Subsequent exposure of enzymatically patterned LCE to urea-triggered 3D shape transformations into a curl, arch, or accordion-like structure, depending on the motif patterned on the film surface. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of salt was critical to prevent bridging of the network by the presence of ammonium ions, thereby enabling such macroscopic 3D shape changes. The large actuation potential of LCEs and the ability to translate the biocatalytic activity of enzymes to macroscopic 3D shape transformations could enable use in applications ranging from cell culture, medicine, or antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Velasco Abadia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Katie M Herbert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Timothy J White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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6
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Philip A, Vasala S, Glatzel P, Karppinen M. Atomic/molecular layer deposition of Ni-terephthalate thin films. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16133-16138. [PMID: 34671785 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) is currently strongly emerging as an intriguing route for novel metal-organic thin-film materials. This approach already covers a variety of metal and organic components, and potential applications related to e.g. sustainable energy technologies. Among the 3d metal components, nickel has remained unexplored so far. Here we report a robust and efficient ALD/MLD process for the growth of high-quality nickel terephthalate thin films. The films are deposited from Ni(thd)2 (thd: 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) and terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) precursors in the temperature range of 180-280 °C, with appreciably high growth rates up to 2.3 Å per cycle at 200 °C. The films are amorphous but the local structure and chemical state of the films are addressed based on XRR, FTIR and RIXS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Philip
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Sami Vasala
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
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7
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Rogowska M, Hansen PA, Sønsteby HH, Dziadkowiec J, Valen H, Nilsen O. Molecular layer deposition of photoactive metal-naphthalene hybrid thin films. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12896-12905. [PMID: 34581358 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We here report on photoactive organic-inorganic hybrid thin films prepared by the molecular layer deposition (MLD) method. The new series of hybrid films deposited using 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6-NDC) and either hafnium chloride (HfCl4), yttrium tetramethylheptanedionate (Y(thd)3) or titanium chloride (TiCl4) were compared with the known zirconium chloride (ZrCl4) based system. All metal-naphthalene films are amorphous as-deposited and show self-saturating growth as expected for an ideal MLD process with varied growth rates depending on the choice of metal precursor. The growth was studied in situ using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the films were further characterised using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to obtain information on their physicochemical properties. The hybrid thin films display intense blue photoluminescence, except for the Ti-organic complex in which titanium clusters were found to be an effective PL quencher for the organic linker. We demonstrate how the optical properties of the films depend on the choice of metal component to make a foundation for further studies on these types of organic-inorganic hybrid materials for applications as photoactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Rogowska
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per-Anders Hansen
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Henrik Hovde Sønsteby
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Joanna Dziadkowiec
- The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Nilsen
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Heiska J, Sorsa O, Kallio T, Karppinen M. Benzenedisulfonic Acid as an ALD/MLD Building Block for Crystalline Metal-Organic Thin Films*. Chemistry 2021; 27:8799-8803. [PMID: 33780076 PMCID: PMC8251735 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new atomic/molecular layer deposition processes for depositing crystalline metal-organic thin films, built from 1,4-benzenedisulfonate (BDS) as the organic linker and Cu or Li as the metal node, are reported. The processes yield in-situ crystalline but hydrated Cu-BDS and Li-BDS films; in the former case, the crystal structure is of a previously known metal-organic-framework-like structure, while in the latter case not known from previous studies. Both hydrated materials can be readily dried to obtain the crystalline unhydrated phases. The stability and the ionic conductivity of the unhydrated Li-BDS films were characterized to assess their applicability as a thin film solid polymer Li-ion conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heiska
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University00076EspooFinland
| | - Olli Sorsa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University00076EspooFinland
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University00076EspooFinland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University00076EspooFinland
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9
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Reddy RCK, Lin X, Zeb A, Su CY. Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives as Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications: A Review. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Nisula M, Karttunen AJ, Solano E, Tewari GC, Karppinen M, Minjauw M, Jena HS, Van Der Voort P, Poelman D, Detavernier C. Emergence of Metallic Conductivity in Ordered One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Thin Films upon Reductive Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10249-10256. [PMID: 33617215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prospect of introducing tunable electric conductivity in metal-organic coordination polymers is of high interest for nanoelectronic applications. As the electronic properties of these materials are strongly dependent on their microstructure, the assembly of coordination polymers into thin films with well-controlled growth direction and thickness is crucial for practical devices. Here, we report the deposition of one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer thin films of N,N'-dimethyl dithiooxamidato-copper by atomic/molecular layer deposition. High out-of-plane ordering is observed in the resulting thin films suggesting the formation of a well-ordered secondary structure by the parallel alignment of the 1D polymer chains. We show that the electrical conductivity of the thin films is highly dependent on their oxidation state. The as-deposited films are nearly insulating with an electrical conductivity below 10-10 S cm-1 with semiconductor-like temperature dependency. Partial reduction with H2 at elevated temperature leads to an increase in the electrical conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude. In the high-conductance state, metallic behavior is observed over the temperature range of 2-300 K. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the metallic behavior originates from the formation of a half-filled energy band intersecting the Fermi level with the conduction pathway formed by the Cu-S-Cu interaction between neighboring polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nisula
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Girish C Tewari
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Minjauw
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dirk Poelman
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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11
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Crivello C, Sevim S, Graniel O, Franco C, Pané S, Puigmartí-Luis J, Muñoz-Rojas D. Advanced technologies for the fabrication of MOF thin films. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:168-178. [PMID: 34821295 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films represent a milestone in the development of future technological breakthroughs. The processability of MOFs as films on surfaces together with their major features (i.e. tunable porosity, large internal surface area, and high crystallinity) is broadening their range of applications to areas such as gas sensing, microelectronics, photovoltaics, and membrane-based separation technologies. Despite the recent attention that MOF thin films have received, many challenges still need to be addressed for their manufacturing and integrability, especially when an industrial scale-up perspective is envisioned. In this brief review, we introduce several appealing approaches that have been developed in the last few years. First, a summary of liquid phase strategies that comprise microfluidic methods and supersaturation-driven crystallization processes is described. Then, gas phase approaches based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Crivello
- Laboratoire des Matérieaux et do Génie Physique (LMGP), Grenoble, France.
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12
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Multia J, Heiska J, Khayyami A, Karppinen M. Electrochemically Active In Situ Crystalline Lithium-Organic Thin Films by ALD/MLD. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41557-41566. [PMID: 32818370 PMCID: PMC7503526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intercalated metal-organic framework (iMOF) type electrochemically active aromatic metal carboxylates are intriguing material candidates for various energy storage devices and microelectronics. In this work, we grow in situ crystalline thin films of such materials through atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD); the remarkable benefit of this approach is the possibility to evaluate their electrochemical properties in a simple cell configuration without any additives. Five organic linkers are investigated in combination with lithium: terephthalic acid (TPA), 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC), 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC), 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC), and 4,4'-azobenzenedicarboxylic acid (AZO). In particular, the electrochemical activity of Li-PDC and the crystal structure of Li-AZO are addressed here for the first time. We believe that the in situ gas-phase thin-film deposition is a crucial requirement to benefit from the iMOF-type electrode materials in, e.g., microelectronics and wearable devices.
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13
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Ashurbekova K, Ashurbekova K, Botta G, Yurkevich O, Knez M. Vapor phase processing: a novel approach for fabricating functional hybrid materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:342001. [PMID: 32353844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8edb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Materials science is nowadays facing challenges in optimizing properties of materials which are needed for numerous technological applications and include, but are not limited to, mechanics, electronics, optics, etc. The key issue is that for emerging applications materials are needed which incorporate certain properties from polymers or biopolymers and metals or ceramics at the same time, thus fabrication of functional hybrid materials becomes inevitable. Routes for the synthesis of functional hybrid materials can be manifold. Among the explored routes vapor phase processing is a rather novel approach which opts for compatibility with many existing industrial processes. This topical review summarizes the most important approaches and achievements in the synthesis of functional hybrid materials through vapor phase routes with the goal to fabricate suitable hybrid materials for future mechanical, electronic, optical or biomedical applications. Most of the approaches rely on atomic layer deposition (ALD) and techniques related to this process, including molecular layer deposition (MLD) and vapor phase infiltration (VPI), or variations of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thus fabricated hybrid materials or nanocomposites often show exceptional physical or chemical properties, which result from synergies of the hybridized materials families. Even though the research in this field is still in its infancy, the initial results encourage further development and promise great application potential in a large variety of applications fields such as flexible electronics, energy conversion or storage, functional textile, and many more.
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14
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Paul R, Sarkar C, Yan Y, Trinh QT, Rao BS, Pao C, Lee J, Liu W, Mondal J. Porous‐Organic‐Polymer‐Triggered Advancement of Sustainable Magnetic Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Yong Yan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chih‐Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 Create Way 138602 Singapore Singapore
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road Hyderabad 500007 India
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15
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Philip A, Niemelä JP, Tewari GC, Putz B, Edwards TEJ, Itoh M, Utke I, Karppinen M. Flexible ε-Fe 2O 3-Terephthalate Thin-Film Magnets through ALD/MLD. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21912-21921. [PMID: 32324991 PMCID: PMC7685534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pliable and lightweight thin-film magnets performing at room temperature are indispensable ingredients of the next-generation flexible electronics. However, conventional inorganic magnets based on f-block metals are rigid and heavy, whereas the emerging organic/molecular magnets are inferior regarding their magnetic characteristics. Here we fuse the best features of the two worlds, by tailoring ε-Fe2O3-terephthalate superlattice thin films with inbuilt flexibility due to the thin organic layers intimately embedded within the ferrimagnetic ε-Fe2O3 matrix; these films are also sustainable as they do not contain rare heavy metals. The films are grown with sub-nanometer-scale accuracy from gaseous precursors using the atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique. Tensile tests confirm the expected increased flexibility with increasing organic content reaching a 3-fold decrease in critical bending radius (2.4 ± 0.3 mm) as compared to ε-Fe2O3 thin film (7.7 ± 0.3 mm). Most remarkably, these hybrid ε-Fe2O3-terephthalate films do not compromise the exceptional intrinsic magnetic characteristics of the ε-Fe2O3 phase, in particular the ultrahigh coercive force (∼2 kOe) even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Philip
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Janne-Petteri Niemelä
- Laboratory
for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Girish C Tewari
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Barbara Putz
- Laboratory
for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Edward James Edwards
- Laboratory
for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Mitsuru Itoh
- Materials
and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ivo Utke
- Laboratory
for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, Thun 3602, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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16
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Gupta K, Dadwal A, Jha PK, Jain A, Yusuf SM, Joy PA, Ballav N. Exploring Magnetic XY Behavior in a Quasi-2D Anisotropic Triangular Lattice of Cu(II) by Functionalized Graphene. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6214-6219. [PMID: 32302106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Study on magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) spin-lattices is advancing rapidly. In this work, phase-pure botallackite (Bo) (Cu2(OH)3Br), a quasi-2D S = 1/2 anisotropic triangular spin-lattice is stabilized over 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets via simple oxidation-reduction reaction chemistry. In comparison to polycrystalline Bo, such an anchoring resulted in the oriented growth of Bo crystallites in the Bo-rGO system. The Bo-rGO nanocomposite was found to be magnetically active with a Néel transition at ∼8.9 K, crossing over to possible XY anisotropy at ∼5 K-as revealed by complementary dc and ac susceptibility measurements-an unprecedented observation in the field assigned to an interfacial effect. This work demonstrates the potential usage of nonmagnetic 2D functionalized graphene to significantly modulate the magnetic properties of 2D spin-lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arun Dadwal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Plawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anil Jain
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S M Yusuf
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pattayil A Joy
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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17
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Khayyami A, Philip A, Multia J, Karppinen M. Composition-tuned metal-organic thin-film structures based on photoswitchable azobenzene by ALD/MLD. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11310-11316. [PMID: 32760999 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of in-situ crystalline thin films of various azobenzene (AZO) based metal-organic structures using the atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique; these are highly intriguing materials as azobenzene is one of the prototype organic molecules experiencing photoisomerization. Our Li-, Ca and Fe-AZO thin films deposited from Li(thd) (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione), Ca(thd)2, FeCl3 and azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid precursors in the temperature range of 250-360 °C exhibit metal-AZO structures not known from bulk samples. In all these structures, the AZO linker molecules are free to undergo the characteristic trans-cis photoisomerization reaction upon UV (360 nm) irradiation. However, this lowers the degree of crystallinity. To address the issue, we investigate hetero-organic structures where TPA (terephthalic acid) is used as another linker component together with AZO. This allows the trans-cis reaction of the AZO moieties to occur without compromising the film crystallinity. Finally, we demonstrate the growth of MOF-on-MOF type Ca-ADA@Ca-TPA thin films also showing the efficient photoisomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Khayyami
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anish Philip
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jenna Multia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
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18
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Rubio-Giménez V, Tatay S, Martí-Gastaldo C. Electrical conductivity and magnetic bistability in metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers: charge transport and spin crossover at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5601-5638. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to reassess the progress, issues and opportunities in the path towards integrating conductive and magnetically bistable coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks as active components in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rubio-Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS)
| | - Sergio Tatay
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universitat de València
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
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19
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Penttinen J, Nisula M, Karppinen M. New s‐Block Metal Pyridinedicarboxylate Network Structures through Gas‐Phase Thin‐Film Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:11466-11473. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Penttinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Mikko Nisula
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
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20
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Perrotta A, Pilz J, Pachmajer S, Milella A, Coclite AM. On the transformation of "zincone"-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:746-759. [PMID: 30993055 PMCID: PMC6444448 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanoporous ZnO thin films is achieved through annealing of zinc-alkoxide ("zincone"-like) layers obtained by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The zincone-like layers are deposited through sub-saturated PE-ALD adopting diethylzinc and O2 plasma with doses below self-limiting values. Nanoporous ZnO thin films were subsequently obtained by calcination of the zincone-like layers between 100-600 °C. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were adopted in situ during calcination to investigate the removal of carbon impurities, development of controlled porosity, and formation and growth of ZnO crystallites. The layers developed controlled nanoporosity in the range of 1-5%, with pore sizes between 0.27 and 2.00 nm as measured with ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), as a function of the plasma dose and post-annealing temperature. Moreover, the crystallinity and crystallite orientation could be tuned, ranging from a powder-like to a (100) preferential growth in the out-of-plane direction, as measured by synchrotron-radiation grazing incidence XRD. Calcination temperature ranges were identified in which pore formation and subsequent crystal growth occurred, giving insights in the manufacturing of nanoporous ZnO from Zn-based hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Perrotta
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julian Pilz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pachmajer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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21
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Cao YQ, Zhang W, Xu L, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang LG, Wu D, Li AD, Fang G. Growth Mechanism, Ambient Stability, and Charge Trapping Ability of Ti-Based Maleic Acid Hybrid Films by Molecular Layer Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3020-3030. [PMID: 30722663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ti-based maleic acid (MA) hybrid films were successfully fabricated by molecular layer deposition (MLD) using organic precursor MA and inorganic precursor TiCl4. The effect of deposition temperature on the growth rate, composition, and bonding mode of hybrid thin films has been investigated systematically. With increasing temperature from 140 to 280 °C, the growth rate decreases from 1.42 to 0.16 Å per MLD cycle with basically unchanged composition ratio of C:O:Ti in the films. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that all hybrid films show preference for bidentate bonding mode. Further analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ quartz crystal microbalance elucidate that as-deposited MLD Ti-MA hybrid films consist of inorganic Ti-O-Ti units and organic-inorganic Ti-MA units. In addition, the density functional theory calculation was performed to investigate the possible reaction mechanism of the TiCl4-MA MLD process, which is well consistent with experimental results. More importantly, upon comparison with the TiCl4-fumaric acid MLD system, it is demonstrated that the cis- and trans-configurations of butenedioic acid influence the MLD growth, bonding mode, stability, and charging ability of MLD hybrid films. Ti-MA hybrid films exhibit better stability and charging ability than Ti-FA hybrid films, benefiting from the inorganic Ti-O-Ti units in the hybrid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiang Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Lina Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , No. 276 Xueyuanzhong Road , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Lai-Guo Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Ai-Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , No. 22 Hankou Road , Gulou District, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Guoyong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , No. 276 Xueyuanzhong Road , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , P. R. China
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22
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Perrotta A, Berger R, Muralter F, Coclite AM. Mesoporous ZnO thin films obtained from molecular layer deposited “zincones”. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14178-14188. [PMID: 31506655 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of MLD-derived mesoporous ZnO with 20% of porosity is demonstrated and studied by advanced in situ characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Perrotta
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Richard Berger
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Fabian Muralter
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- NAWI Graz
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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