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Ultrasound-driven exercise training ameliorates degeneration of ultrasonic responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurosci Res 2023:S0168-0102(23)00023-8. [PMID: 36731541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inevitability of age-related degeneration makes research on degradation mitigation attractive to humans, while exercise is considered an effective means due to its powerful impact on life and health. Caenorhabditis elegans is a model animal with a short life cycle and is widely used in health and aging studies. In this work, ultrasonic stimuli in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) were used to induce behavioral activities in worms. As the worms grew, ultrasound-elicited behavioral responses started to decrease in the early adulthood stage. However, this situation was significantly ameliorated when ultrasonic training sessions at an effective acoustic pressure of 1.1 MPa were performed four times per day for 5 or 7 days, while ultrasonic responses in trained nematodes were stronger than those in untrained ones. These results suggest that long-term ultrasonic training might positively intervene in aging-related degeneration. Besides, it was found that exercise driven by long-term ultrasonic training had insignificant effects on the lifespan of worms. A preliminary exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying the sensation of SAWs was also conducted. The results show that, apart from touch receptor neurons (TRNs), polymodal nociceptors FLP and PVD neurons may also be involved in the perception of ultrasound in C. elegans. The results of this study may inspire related studies on other animals or humans.
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Campos JC, Marchesi Bozi LH, Krum B, Grassmann Bechara LR, Ferreira ND, Arini GS, Albuquerque RP, Traa A, Ogawa T, van der Bliek AM, Beheshti A, Chouchani ET, Van Raamsdonk JM, Blackwell TK, Ferreira JCB. Exercise preserves physical fitness during aging through AMPK and mitochondrial dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2204750120. [PMID: 36595699 PMCID: PMC9926278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204750120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a nonpharmacological intervention that improves health during aging and a valuable tool in the diagnostics of aging-related diseases. In muscle, exercise transiently alters mitochondrial functionality and metabolism. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are critical effectors of mitochondrial plasticity, which allows a fine-tuned regulation of organelle connectiveness, size, and function. Here we have investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics during exercise in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that in body-wall muscle, a single exercise session induces a cycle of mitochondrial fragmentation followed by fusion after a recovery period, and that daily exercise sessions delay the mitochondrial fragmentation and physical fitness decline that occur with aging. Maintenance of proper mitochondrial dynamics is essential for physical fitness, its enhancement by exercise training, and exercise-induced remodeling of the proteome. Surprisingly, among the long-lived genotypes we analyzed (isp-1,nuo-6, daf-2, eat-2, and CA-AAK-2), constitutive activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) uniquely preserves physical fitness during aging, a benefit that is abolished by impairment of mitochondrial fission or fusion. AMPK is also required for physical fitness to be enhanced by exercise, with our findings together suggesting that exercise may enhance muscle function through AMPK regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Our results indicate that mitochondrial connectivity and the mitochondrial dynamics cycle are essential for maintaining physical fitness and exercise responsiveness during aging and suggest that AMPK activation may recapitulate some exercise benefits. Targeting mechanisms to optimize mitochondrial fission and fusion, as well as AMPK activation, may represent promising strategies for promoting muscle function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Cruz Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo05508-000, Brazil
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Luiz Henrique Marchesi Bozi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Barbara Krum
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Santos Arini
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, MontrealH3A 2B4, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, MontrealH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Takafumi Ogawa
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Unit of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima739-8530, Japan
| | - Alexander M. van der Bliek
- Molecular Biology Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1570
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1737
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA94035
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Edward T. Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Jeremy M. Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, MontrealH3A 2B4, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, MontrealH4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, MontrealH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - T. Keith Blackwell
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
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Abstract
In this mini-reflection, I explain how during my doctoral work in a Botany Department I first became interested in H2O2 and later in my career in other reactive oxygen species, especially the role of "catalytic" iron and haem compounds (including leghaemoglobin) in promoting oxidative damage. The important roles that H2O2, other ROS and dietary plants play in respect to humans are discussed. I also review the roles of diet-derived antioxidants in relation to human disease, presenting reasons why clinical trials using high doses of natural antioxidants have generally given disappointing results. Iron chelators and ergothioneine are reviewed as potential cytoprotective agents with antioxidant properties that may be useful therapeutically. The discovery of ferroptosis may also lead to novel agents that can be used to treat certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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Healthspan pathway maps in C. elegans and humans highlight transcription, proliferation/biosynthesis and lipids. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12534-12581. [PMID: 32634117 PMCID: PMC7377848 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of aging and of aging-associated diseases is being unraveled at an increasing pace. An extended healthspan, and not merely an extension of lifespan, has become the aim of medical practice. Here, we define health based on the absence of diseases and dysfunctions. Based on an extensive review of the literature, in particular for humans and C. elegans, we compile a list of features of health and of the genes associated with them. These genes may or may not be associated with survival/lifespan. In turn, survival/lifespan genes that are not known to be directly associated with health are not considered. Clusters of these genes based on molecular interaction data give rise to maps of healthspan pathways for humans and for C. elegans. Overlaying healthspan-related gene expression data onto the healthspan pathway maps, we observe the downregulation of (pro-inflammatory) Notch signaling in humans and of proliferation in C. elegans. We identify transcription, proliferation/biosynthesis and lipids as a common theme on the annotation level, and proliferation-related kinases on the gene/protein level. Our literature-based data corpus, including visualization, should be seen as a pilot investigation of the molecular underpinnings of health in two different species. Web address: http://pathways.h2020awe.eu.
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A high throughput drug screening paradigm using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Swim exercise in Caenorhabditis elegans extends neuromuscular and gut healthspan, enhances learning ability, and protects against neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23829-23839. [PMID: 31685639 PMCID: PMC6876156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful antiaging intervention that protects against cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes, sarcopenia, and cancer. How exercise promotes health benefits to multiple tissues in the body, however, remains poorly understood. We establish a young adult swim exercise regimen for the short-lived nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that induces health benefits at the neuromuscular, intestinal, and cognitive levels and protects against neurodegeneration in models of tauopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Importantly, we found that swim exercise performed exclusively in early adulthood promotes long-lasting systemic benefits that are still detectable in midlife. The advantages of C. elegans as a short-lived genetic model will allow for dissection of the molecular circuitry involved in system-wide exercise benefits. Regular physical exercise is the most efficient and accessible intervention known to promote healthy aging in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate system-wide exercise benefits, however, remain poorly understood, especially as applies to tissues that do not participate directly in training activity. The establishment of exercise protocols for short-lived genetic models will be critical for deciphering fundamental mechanisms of transtissue exercise benefits to healthy aging. Here we document optimization of a long-term swim exercise protocol for Caenorhabditis elegans and we demonstrate its benefits to diverse aging tissues, even if exercise occurs only during a restricted phase of adulthood. We found that multiple daily swim sessions are essential for exercise adaptation, leading to body wall muscle improvements in structural gene expression, locomotory performance, and mitochondrial morphology. Swim exercise training enhances whole-animal health parameters, such as mitochondrial respiration and midlife survival, increases functional healthspan of the pharynx and intestine, and enhances nervous system health by increasing learning ability and protecting against neurodegeneration in models of tauopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Remarkably, swim training only during early adulthood induces long-lasting systemic benefits that in several cases are still detectable well into midlife. Our data reveal the broad impact of swim exercise in promoting extended healthspan of multiple C. elegans tissues, underscore the potency of early exercise experience to influence long-term health, and establish the foundation for exploiting the powerful advantages of this genetic model for the dissection of the exercise-dependent molecular circuitry that confers system-wide health benefits to aging adults.
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Teo E, Ravi S, Barardo D, Kim HS, Fong S, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tan TY, Ching J, Kovalik JP, Wenk MR, Gunawan R, Moore PK, Halliwell B, Tolwinski N, Gruber J. Metabolic stress is a primary pathogenic event in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing pan-neuronal human amyloid beta. eLife 2019; 8:50069. [PMID: 31610847 PMCID: PMC6794093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a key event in the etiology of AD. We have previously modeled amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain by expressing human Aβ peptide specifically in neurons (GRU102). Here, we focus on the deeper metabolic changes associated with this Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Integrating metabolomics, transcriptomics and computational modeling, we identify alterations in Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle metabolism following even low-level Aβ expression. In particular, GRU102 showed reduced activity of a rate-limiting TCA cycle enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. These defects were associated with elevation of protein carbonyl content specifically in mitochondria. Importantly, metabolic failure occurred before any significant increase in global protein aggregate was detectable. Treatment with an anti-diabetes drug, Metformin, reversed Aβ-induced metabolic defects, reduced protein aggregation and normalized lifespan of GRU102. Our results point to metabolic dysfunction as an early and causative event in Aβ-induced pathology and a promising target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudharshan Ravi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diogo Barardo
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Geriatric Medicine Senior Residency Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsze Yin Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rudiyanto Gunawan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jan Gruber
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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