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Chávez-Hidalgo LP, Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida S, M de Pancorbo M, Arroyo-Izaga M. Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of observational studies. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1219-1234. [PMID: 36926668 PMCID: PMC10011952 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i7.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary methyl donors might influence DNA methylation during carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether the influence of methyl donor intake is modified by polymorphisms in such epigenetic regulators is still unclear.
AIM To improve the current understanding of the molecular basis of CRC.
METHODS A literature search in the Medline database, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/), and manual reference screening were performed to identify observational studies published from inception to May 2022.
RESULTS A total of fourteen case-control studies and five cohort studies were identified. These studies included information on dietary methyl donors, dietary components that potentially modulate the bioavailability of methyl groups, genetic variants of methyl metabolizing enzymes, and/or markers of CpG island methylator phenotype and/or microsatellite instability, and their possible interactions on CRC risk.
CONCLUSION Several studies have suggested interactions between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms, methyl donor nutrients (such as folate) and alcohol on CRC risk. Moreover, vitamin B6, niacin, and alcohol may affect CRC risk through not only genetic but also epigenetic regulation. Identification of specific mechanisms in these interactions associated with CRC may assist in developing targeted prevention strategies for individuals at the highest risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Pilar Chávez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Silvia Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- Department of Z. and Cellular Biology A., University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
- BIOMICs Research Group, MICROFLUIDICs and BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHU, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
- BIOMICs Research Group, MICROFLUIDICs and BIOMICs Cluster UPV/EHU, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Araba/Álava, Spain
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Sharma R, Ali T, Kaur J. Folic acid depletion as well as oversupplementation helps in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16617. [PMID: 36198749 PMCID: PMC9534894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate ingestion below and above the physiologic dose has been shown to play a tumorigenic role in certain cancers. Also, excessive folate supplementation after establishment of pre-established lesions led to an advancement in the growth of a few tumors. However, such information has not yet been achieved in the case of HCC. In our study, HepG2 cells were administered with three different concentrations of folic acid i.e. folic acid normal (FN) (2.27 µM), folic acid deficient (FD) (no folic acid), folic acid oversupplementation (FO) (100 µM) for 10 days. Intracellular folate levels were assayed by Elecsys Folate III kit based method. The migratory and invasive abilities were estimated by transwell migration and matrigel invasion methods respectively. FACS was done to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis. Agarose-coated plates were used to access cancer stem cells (CSCs) number. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting approaches were used for gene and protein expression of certain tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), respectively. FD cells depicted increased migration, invasion, apoptosis, necrosis and decreased cell viability, CSCs. On the other hand, FO cells showed increased migration, invasion, cell viability and number of CSCs and decreased apoptosis and necrosis. TSGs revealed diminished expression with both FA modulations with respect to FN cells. Thus, FA deficiency as well as abundance enhanced the HCC progression by adapting different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
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Cabral LKD, Mapua CA, Natividad FF, Sukowati CHC, Cortez ER, Enriquez MLD. MutL homolog 1 methylation and microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal tumors among Filipinos. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2101-2113. [PMID: 35070045 PMCID: PMC8713326 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence and second in mortality worldwide. In CRC, the silencing of mismatch repair genes, including the mutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) has been linked to microsatellite instability (MSI), the lengthening or shortening of microsatellite repeats. Very limited data have been presented so far on the link of hMLH1 methylation and MSI in Southeast Asia populations with sporadic CRC, and on its clinical significance.
AIM To investigate the significance of the MSI status and hMLH1 methylation in CRC Filipino patients.
METHODS Fifty-four sporadic CRC patients with complete clinical data were included in this study. Genomic DNA from CRC tumor biopsies and their normal tissue counterparts were profiled for MSI by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis using the Bethesda Panel of Markers (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). hMLH1 methylation screening was performed using bisulfite conversion and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was conducted to calculate their associations to clinicopathological characteristics and survival relevance (Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test).
RESULTS hMLH1 methylation was observed in 9% and 35% of CRC and normal samples, respectively. Higher incidence of consistently methylated hMLH1 found in both normal and CRC was noticed for relation to location of tumor (P < 0.05). As for MSI status, D2S123 the most common unstable microsatellite and MSI-high (MSI-H) was the most common MSI profile, counted for 46% and 50% of normal and CRC tissues, respectively. The presence of MSI-low (MSI-L) and microsatellite stable (MSS) was 43% and 11% for normal, and 31% and 19% for CRC samples. The mean month of patients’ survival was shorter in patients whose normal and tumor tissues had methylated compared to those with unmethylated hMLH1 and with MSI-H compared to those with MSI-L/MSS (P < 0.05). This was supported by significant difference in Kaplan-Meier with log-rank analysis. This data indicated that hMLH1 methylation and high MSI status have prognostic value.
CONCLUSION This study showed the clinical significance of hMLH1 methylation and MSI status in sporadic CRC Filipino patients, especially in the normal part of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine Kay D Cabral
- Research and Biotechnology Group, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Cynthia A Mapua
- Research and Biotechnology Group, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Filipinas F Natividad
- Research and Biotechnology Group, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | | | - Edgardo R Cortez
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Ma Luisa D Enriquez
- Research and Biotechnology Group, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
- Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines
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Yin Y, Lei S, Li L, Yang X, Yin Q, Xu T, Zhou W, Li H, Gu W, Ma F, Yang R, Zhang Z. RPTOR methylation in the peripheral blood and breast cancer in the Chinese population. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:435-443. [PMID: 34767153 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, complex 1 (RPTOR) methylation levels in peripheral blood was originally discovered as breast cancer (BC)-associated risk factor in Caucasians. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between RPTOR methylation and BC in the Chinese population, we conducted two independent case-control studies. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 333 sporadic BC cases and 378 healthy female controls for the DNA extraction and bisulfite-specific PCR amplification. Mass spectrometry was applied to quantitatively measure the levels of methylation. The logistic regression, Spearman's rank correlation, and Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS In our study, we found an association between BC and RPTOR_CpG_4 hypomethylation in the general population (per-10% of methylation, OR 1.29, P = 0.012), and a weak association between BC and RPTOR_CpG_8 hypomethylation in the women with older age (per-10% of methylation, OR 2.34, P = 0.006). We also identified age as a confounder for the change of RPTOR methylation patterns, especially at RPTOR_CpG_4, which represented differential methylation comparing age groups especially in the BC cases (age < 50 years vs age ≥ 50 years by Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001 for BC cases and P = 0.079 for controls). CONCLUSION Our study validated the association between hypomethylation of RPTOR and BC risk in the Chinese population also with weak effect and mostly for postmenopausal women. In addition, our findings provided novel insight for the regulation of DNA methylation upon aging or the change of hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Shuifang Lei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiming Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Salas LA, Peres LC, Thayer ZM, Smith RWA, Guo Y, Chung W, Si J, Liang L. A transdisciplinary approach to understand the epigenetic basis of race/ethnicity health disparities. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1761-1770. [PMID: 33719520 PMCID: PMC8579937 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Health disparities correspond to differences in disease burden and mortality among socially defined population groups. Such disparities may emerge according to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and a variety of other social contexts, and are documented for a wide range of diseases. Here, we provide a transdisciplinary perspective on the contribution of epigenetics to the understanding of health disparities, with a special emphasis on disparities across socially defined racial/ethnic groups. Scientists in the fields of biological anthropology, bioinformatics and molecular epidemiology provide a summary of theoretical, statistical and practical considerations for conducting epigenetic health disparities research, and provide examples of successful applications from cancer research using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lauren C Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zaneta M Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Rick WA Smith
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- The William H. Neukom Institute for Computational Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Wonil Chung
- Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06478, Korea
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology & Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiahui Si
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology & Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by genetic-environmental interplay leading to diffuse changes in the entire colonic mucosa (field carcinogenesis or field of injury) and to a pro-neoplastic genetic/epigenetic/physiological milieu. The clinical consequences are increased risk of synchronous and metachronous neoplasia. Factors such as genetics, race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status are thought to influence neoplasia development. Here, we explore the potential improvement to CRC screening through exploiting field carcinogenesis, with particular focus on racial disparities and chemoprevention strategies. Also, we discuss future directions for field carcinogenesis/risk stratification using molecular and novel biophotonic techniques for personalized CRC screening.
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