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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Zhang H, Wu Y, Wu K, Dai Z. Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:176. [PMID: 39034318 PMCID: PMC11275440 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, chemokines, and growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF, can promote or inhibit tumor growth, influence the tumor microenvironment, and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential, offering new strategies to modulate the immune system, inhibit tumor progression, and overcome resistance to conventional therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding and therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways in cancer. By exploring the roles of these molecules in tumor biology and the immune response, we highlighted the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at modulating these pathways to combat cancer. The review elaborated on the dual nature of cytokines as both promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis, depending on the context, and discussed the challenges and opportunities this presents for therapeutic intervention. We also examined the latest advancements in targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, receptor inhibitors, fusion proteins, engineered cytokine variants, and their impact on tumor growth, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of combining these targeted therapies with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Besides, we also focused on the ongoing research and clinical trials that are pivotal in advancing our understanding and application of cytokine- and chemokine-targeted therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Tan X, Tang C. Estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation disorders in menopausal depression. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:159. [PMID: 38898454 PMCID: PMC11188190 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant decrease in estrogen levels puts menopausal women at high risk for major depression, which remains difficult to cure despite its relatively clear etiology. With the discovery of abnormally elevated inflammation in menopausal depressed women, immune imbalance has become a novel focus in the study of menopausal depression. In this paper, we examined the characteristics and possible mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by decreased estrogen levels during menopause and found that estrogen deficiency disrupted immune homeostasis, especially the levels of inflammatory cytokines through the ERα/ERβ/GPER-associated NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathways. We also analyzed the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, dysfunction of neurotransmitters, blockade of BDNF synthesis, and attenuation of neuroplasticity caused by inflammatory cytokine activity, and investigated estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation disorders in menopausal depression. Current research suggests that drugs targeting inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3/NF-κB signaling molecules are promising for restoring homeostasis of the estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation system and may play a positive role in the intervention and treatment of menopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xiying Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang City First People's Hospital, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Chaozhi Tang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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3
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Faktor J, Kote S, Bienkowski M, Hupp TR, Marek-Trzonkowska N. Novel FFPE proteomics method suggests prolactin induced protein as hormone induced cytoskeleton remodeling spatial biomarker. Commun Biol 2024; 7:708. [PMID: 38851810 PMCID: PMC11162451 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Robotically assisted proteomics provides insights into the regulation of multiple proteins achieving excellent spatial resolution. However, developing an effective method for spatially resolved quantitative proteomics of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) in an accessible and economical manner remains challenging. We introduce non-robotic In-insert FFPE proteomics approach, combining glass insert FFPE tissue processing with spatial quantitative data-independent mass spectrometry (DIA). In-insert approach identifies 450 proteins from a 5 µm thick breast FFPE tissue voxel with 50 µm lateral dimensions covering several tens of cells. Furthermore, In-insert approach associated a keratin series and moesin (MOES) with prolactin-induced protein (PIP) indicating their prolactin and/or estrogen regulation. Our data suggest that PIP is a spatial biomarker for hormonally triggered cytoskeletal remodeling, potentially useful for screening hormonally affected hotspots in breast tissue. In-insert proteomics represents an alternative FFPE processing method, requiring minimal laboratory equipment and skills to generate spatial proteotype repositories from FFPE tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Faktor
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Michal Bienkowski
- Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ted R Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Gutierrez-Martinez VD, León-Del-Río A, Camacho-Luis A, Ayala-Garcia VM, Lopez-Rodriguez AM, Ruiz-Baca E, Meneses-Morales I. Uncovering a novel mechanism: Butyrate induces estrogen receptor alpha activation independent of estrogen stimulation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230110. [PMID: 38488523 PMCID: PMC10941730 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is a promising candidate for an antitumoral drug, as it promotes cancer cell apoptosis and reduces hormone receptor activity, while promoting differentiation and proliferation in normal cells. However, the effects of low-dose butyrate on breast cancer cell cultures are unclear. We explored the impact of sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells, using RT-qPCR, Western blot, wound-healing assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our results showed that sub-therapeutic doses of sodium butyrate (0.1 - 0.2 mM) increased the transcription of ESR1, TFF1, and CSTD genes, but did not affect ERα protein levels. Moreover, we observed an increase in cell migration in wound-healing assays. ChIP assays revealed that treatment with 0.1 mM of sodium butyrate resulted in estrogen-independent recruitment of ERα at the pS2 promoter and loss of NCoR. Appropriate therapeutic dosage of butyrate is essential to avoid potential adverse effects on patients' health, especially in the case of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate may induce undesirable cell processes, such as migration due to low-dose butyrate-mediated ERα activation. These findings shed light on the complex effects of butyrate in breast cancer and provide insights for research in the development of antitumoral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de
Investigaciones Biomédicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Abelardo Camacho-Luis
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Medicina y
Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Nutrición, Durango, México
| | | | | | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Durango, México
| | - Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Durango, México
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5
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Cheung SM, Chan KS, Zhou W, Husain E, Gagliardi T, Masannat Y, He J. Spatial heterogeneity of peri-tumoural lipid composition in postmenopausal patients with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4699. [PMID: 38409583 PMCID: PMC10897464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of lipid composition in adipose tissue adjacent to breast tumour is observed in ex vivo and animal models. Novel non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows rapid lipid mapping of the human whole breast. We set out to elucidate the spatial heterogeneity of peri-tumoural lipid composition in postmenopausal patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER +) breast cancer. Thirteen participants (mean age, 62 ± [SD] 6 years) with ER + breast cancer and 13 age-matched postmenopausal healthy controls were scanned on MRI. The number of double bonds in triglycerides was computed from MRI images to derive lipid composition maps of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA, SFA). The spatial heterogeneity measures (mean, median, skewness, entropy and kurtosis) of lipid composition in the peri-tumoural region and the whole breast of participants and in the whole breast of controls were computed. The Ki-67 proliferative activity marker and CD163 antibody on tumour-associated macrophages were assessed histologically. Mann Whitney U or Wilcoxon tests and Spearman's coefficients were used to assess group differences and correlations, respectively. For comparison against the whole breast in participants, peri-tumoural MUFA had a lower mean (median (IQR), 0.40 (0.02), p < .001), lower median (0.42 (0.02), p < .001), a negative skewness with lower magnitude (- 1.65 (0.77), p = .001), higher entropy (4.35 (0.64), p = .007) and lower kurtosis (5.13 (3.99), p = .001). Peri-tumoural PUFA had a lower mean (p < .001), lower median (p < .001), a positive skewness with higher magnitude (p = .005) and lower entropy (p = .002). Peri-tumoural SFA had a higher mean (p < .001), higher median (p < .001), a positive skewness with lower magnitude (p < .001) and lower entropy (p = .012). For comparison against the whole breast in controls, peri-tumoural MUFA had a negative skewness with lower magnitude (p = .01) and lower kurtosis (p = .009), however there was no difference in PUFA or SFA. CD163 moderately correlated with peri-tumoural MUFA skewness (rs = - .64), PUFA entropy (rs = .63) and SFA skewness (rs = .59). There was a lower MUFA and PUFA while a higher SFA, and a higher heterogeneity of MUFA while a lower heterogeneity of PUFA and SFA, in the peri-tumoural region in comparison with the whole breast tissue. The degree of lipid deregulation was associated with inflammation as indicated by CD163 antibody on macrophages, serving as potential marker for early diagnosis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Man Cheung
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Kwok-Shing Chan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenshu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ehab Husain
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tanja Gagliardi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yazan Masannat
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Broomfield Breast Unit, Broomfield Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
- London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jiabao He
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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6
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Yoo MJ, Jang YJ, Park SY, Choi JW, Seol JW. Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of ERB-041 and Genistein through Estrogen Receptor Suppression-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway Downregulation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2466. [PMID: 38473712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine-mammary-gland tumors (CMTs) are prevalent in female dogs, with approximately 50% of them being malignant and often presenting as inoperable owing to their size or metastasis. Owing to poor outcomes, effective alternatives to conventional chemotherapy for humans are necessary. Two estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which act in opposition to each other, are involved, and CMT growth involves ERα through the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT pathway. In this study, we aimed to identify the synergistic anti-cancer effects of ERB-041, an ERβ agonist, and genistein, an isoflavonoid from soybeans known to have ERβ-specific pseudo-estrogenic actions, on CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg CMT cell lines. ERB-041 and genistein synergistically inhibited cell proliferation and increased the number of annexin V-positive cells in both cell lines. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Additionally, cell-cycle arrest occurred through the synergistic regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). We also found a synergistic decrease in the expression of ERα, and the expression of proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway, including p-PI3K, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AKT, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, ERB-041 and genistein exhibited a synergistic anticancer effect on CMTs, suggesting that cotreatment with ERB-041 and genistein is a promising treatment for CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jae Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Wun Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li F, Wang Y, Chen D, Du Y. Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1396. [PMID: 38338674 PMCID: PMC10855737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Yunjie Du
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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8
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Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Cheng F, Ma W, Li M. Systemic inflammation response index predicts the postoperative recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a retrospective study in the Chinese population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:207-217. [PMID: 37589753 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is now frequently used to treat chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but postoperative recurrence plagues many patients. We aimed to assess the value of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) for the prediction of postoperative recurrence in patients with CRSwNP. METHODS A total of 143 patients with CRSwNP and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Patients were divided into the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group according to the recurrence of CRSwNP. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed independent risk factors for the recurrence. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the predictive accuracy of the variables and determine the optimal cut-off values. Finally, a survival analysis was conducted. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that age, sex, CRP, EOS, SIRI, SII, NLR, ELR, and Lund-Mackay CT scores were significant predictors of the recurrence of CRSwNP. Multivariate analysis confirmed that SIRI (OR = 1.310, p < 0.001) and Lund-Mackay CT scores (OR = 1.396, p < 0.001) were independent predictors. SIRI (AUC = 0.761, 95% CI: 0.685-0.836) had a certain value in predicting the recurrence of CRSwNP. CONCLUSION SIRI is a potential predictive marker of the postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuwei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Quality Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Pramanik S, Sil AK. Cigarette smoke extract induces foam cell formation by impairing machinery involved in lipid droplet degradation. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:59-74. [PMID: 37910205 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of foam cells, lipid-loaded macrophages, is the hallmark event of atherosclerosis. Since cigarette smoking is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis, the current study investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on different events like expressions of genes involved in lipid influx and efflux, lipophagy, etc., that play vital roles in foam cell formation. The accumulation of lipids after CSE treatment U937 macrophage cells was examined by staining lipids with specific dyes: Oil red O and BODIPY493/503. Results showed an accumulation of lipids in CSE-treated cells, confirming foam cell formation by CSE treatment. To decipher the mechanism, the levels of CD36, an ox-LDL receptor, and ABCA1, an exporter of lipids, were examined in CSE-treated and -untreated U937 cells by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Consistent with lipid accumulation, an increased level of CD36 and a reduction in ABCA1 were observed in CSE-treated cells. Moreover, CSE treatment caused inhibition of lipophagy-mediated lipid degradation by blocking lipid droplets (LDs)-lysosome fusion and increasing the lysosomal pH. CSE also impaired mitochondrial lipid oxidation. Thus, the present study demonstrates that CSE treatment affects lipid homeostasis by altering its influx and efflux, lysosomal degradation, and mitochondrial utilization, leading to the formation of lipid-loaded foam cells. Moreover, the current study also showed that the leucine supplement caused a significant reduction of CSE-induced foam cell formation in vitro. Thus, the current study provides insight into CS-induced atherosclerosis and an agent to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudipta Pramanik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, PIN-700019
| | - Alok Kumar Sil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, PIN-700019.
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10
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Kang X, Huang Y, Wang H, Jadhav S, Yue Z, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting of Nanomedicines in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:61. [PMID: 38258072 PMCID: PMC10819517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal in tumor growth and metastasis, aligning with the "Seed and Soil" theory. Within the TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role, profoundly influencing tumor progression. Strategies targeting TAMs have surfaced as potential therapeutic avenues, encompassing interventions to block TAM recruitment, eliminate TAMs, reprogram M2 TAMs, or bolster their phagocytic capabilities via specific pathways. Nanomaterials including inorganic materials, organic materials for small molecules and large molecules stand at the forefront, presenting significant opportunities for precise targeting and modulation of TAMs to enhance therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the progress in designing nanoparticles for interacting with and influencing the TAMs as a significant strategy in cancer therapy. This comprehensive review presents the role of TAMs in the TME and various targeting strategies as a promising frontier in the ever-evolving field of cancer therapy. The current trends and challenges associated with TAM-based therapy in cancer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 528400, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Sanika Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Zongliang Yue
- Department of Health Outcome and Research Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas of Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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11
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Yan Y, Li L, Wang Z, Pang J, Guan X, Yuan Y, Xia Z, Yi W. A comprehensive analysis of the role of QPRT in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15414. [PMID: 37723185 PMCID: PMC10507026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the clinical role of QPRT in breast cancer. The gene expression, methylation levels and prognostic value of QPRT in breast cancer was analyzed using TCGA data. Validation was performed using the data from GEO dataset and TNMPLOT database. Meta analysis method was used to pool the survival data for QPRT. The predictive values of QPRT for different drugs were retrieved from the ROC plot. The expression differences of QPRT in acquired drug-resistant and sensitive cell lines were analyzed using GEO datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted for those genes which were highly co-expressed with QPRT in tissue based on TCGA data and which changed after QPRT knockdown. Timer2.0 was utilized to explore the correlation between QPRT and immune cells infiltration, and the Human Protein Atlas was used to analyse QPRT's single-cell sequencing data across different human tissues. The expression of QPRT in different types of macrophages, and the expression of QPRT were analysed after coculturing HER2+ breast cancer cells with macrophages. Additionally, TargetScan, Comparative Toxicogenomics and the connectivity map were used to research miRNAs and drugs that could regulate QPRT expression. Cytoscape was used to map the interaction networks between QPRT and other proteins. QPRT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue and highly expressed in HER2+ breast cancer patients (P < 0.01). High QPRT expression levels were associated with worse OS, DMFS, and RFS (P < 0.01). Two sites (cg02640602 and cg06453916) were found to be potential regulators of breast cancer (P < 0.01). QPRT might predict survival benefits in breast cancer patients who received taxane or anthracycline. QPRT was associated with tumour immunity, especially in macrophages. QPRT may influence the occurrence and progression of breast cancer through the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, and cell cycle-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yunchang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Central Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
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12
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Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, Wang B, He J, Ren S, Jiang L, Zhao S. Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1359-1373. [PMID: 36173487 PMCID: PMC10460746 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a dynamic network of non-tumoral stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), B and T cells. In the TME, TAMs support tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression of the tumor cells. There is close crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells. Notably, chemokines are a significant messenger mediating the crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. TAMs can promote tumor progression via secretion of chemokines. Various chemokines secreted by tumors are involved in the generation and polarization of TAMs, the infiltration of TAMs in tumors, and the development of TAMs' suppressive function. This paper reviews CCL2-CCR2, CCL3/5-CCR5, CCL15-CCR1, CCL18-CCR8, CX3CL1/CCL26-CX3CR1, CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathways, their role in the recruitment, polarization and exertion of TAMs, and their correlation with tumor development, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we present the current research progress on modulating the effects of TAMs with chemokine antagonists and discuss the prospects and potential challenges of using chemokine antagonists as therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. The TAMs targeting by chemokine receptor antagonists in combination with chemotherapy drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors or radiotherapy appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guoqi Ya
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao He
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoxin Ren
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Cheng D, Ge K, Yao X, Wang B, Chen R, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Tumor-associated macrophages mediate resistance of EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms and prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209947. [PMID: 37649478 PMCID: PMC10463184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first-line standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation. However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitable. Currently, most studies on the mechanism of EGFR-TKIs resistance mainly focus on the spontaneous resistance phenotype of NSCLC cells. Studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) also mediates EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the central immune cells in the TME of NSCLC, play an essential role in mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance. This study aims to comprehensively review the current mechanisms underlying TAM-mediated resistance to EGFR-TKIs and discuss the potential efficacy of combining EGFR-TKIs with targeted TAMs therapy. Combining EGFR-TKIs with TAMs targeting may improve the prognosis of NSCLC with EGFR mutation to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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14
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Yoshimura T, Li C, Wang Y, Matsukawa A. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0. [PMID: 37208442 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) was isolated from the culture supernatants of not only mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes but also malignant glioma cells based on its in vitro chemotactic activity toward human monocytes. MCP-1 was subsequently found to be identical to a previously described tumor cell-derived chemotactic factor thought to be responsible for the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and it became a candidate target of clinical intervention; however, the role of TAMs in cancer development was still controversial at the time of the discovery of MCP-1. The in vivo role of MCP-1 in cancer progression was first evaluated by examining human cancer tissues, including breast cancers. Positive correlations between the level of MCP-1 production in tumors and the degree of TAM infiltration and cancer progression were established. The contribution of MCP-1 to the growth of primary tumors and metastasis to the lung, bone, and brain was examined in mouse breast cancer models. The results of these studies strongly suggested that MCP-1 is a promoter of breast cancer metastasis to the lung and brain but not bone. Potential mechanisms of MCP-1 production in the breast cancer microenvironment have also been reported. In the present manuscript, we review studies in which the role of MCP-1 in breast cancer development and progression and the mechanisms of its production were examined and attempt to draw a consensus and discuss the potential use of MCP-1 as a biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chunning Li
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuze Wang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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15
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Pavitra E, Kancharla J, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Sung JY, Kim J, Tej MB, Choi R, Lee JH, Han YK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. The role of NF-κB in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114822. [PMID: 37146418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most fatal disease and is the prime cause of cancer allied female deaths. BC is caused by aberrant tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) like NF-κB. NF-κB is a pro-inflammatory TF that crucially alters the expressions of various genes associated with inflammation, cell progression, metastasis, and apoptosis and modulates a network of genes that underlie tumorigenesis. Herein, we focus on NF-κB signaling pathways, its regulators, and the rationale for targeting NF-κB. This review also includes TFs that maintain NF-κB crosstalk and their roles in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the importance of combination therapies, resistance to treatment, and potential novel therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine that targets NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ju Yong Sung
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health care informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151Park Avenue, Fair fields, CT06825, USA
| | - Rino Choi
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ng MJ, Kong BH, Teoh KH, Yap YHY, Ng ST, Tan CS, Mohamad Razif MF, Fung SY. In vivo anti-tumor activity of Lignosus rhinocerus TM02® using a MCF7-xenograft NCr nude mice model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:115957. [PMID: 36509254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden (also known as Tiger Milk mushroom, TMM), is a basidiomycete belonging to the Polyporaceae family. It has been documented to be used by traditional Chinese physicians and indigenous people in Southeast Asia to treat a variety of illnesses, such as gastritis, arthritis, and respiratory conditions, as well as to restore patients' physical well-being. TMM has also been used in folk medicine to treat cancer. For example, people from the indigenous Kensiu tribe of northeast Kedah (Malaysia) apply shredded TMM sclerotium mixed with water directly onto breast skin to treat breast cancer, while Chinese practitioners from Hong Kong, China prescribe TMM sclerotium as a treatment for liver cancer. L. rhinocerus has previously been demonstrated to possess selective anti-proliferative properties in vitro, however pre-clinical in vivo research has not yet been conducted. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to examine the anti-tumor activities of L. rhinocerus TM02®, using two different sample preparations [cold water extract (CWE) and fraction] via various routes of administration (oral and intraperitoneal) on an MCF7-xenograft nude mouse model. This study also investigated the inhibitory effect of TM02® CWE and its fractions against COX-2 in vitro using LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, on the basis of the relationship between COX-2 and metastasis, apoptosis resistance, as well as the proliferation of cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first preparation, L. rhinocerus TM02® sclerotium powder (TSP) was dissolved in cold water to obtain the cold water extract (CWE). It was further fractionated based on its molecular weight to obtain the high (HMW), medium (MMW) and low (LMW) molecular weight fractions. The second preparation, known as the TM02® rhinoprolycan fraction (TRF), was obtained by combining the HMW and MMW fractions. TSP was given orally to mimic the daily consumption of a supplement; TRF was administered intraperitoneally to mimic typical tumorous cancer treatment with a rapid and more thorough absorption through the peritoneal cavity. Another experiment was conducted to examine changes in COX-2 activity in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages after a 1-h pre-treatment with CWE, HMW, and MMW. RESULTS Our results revealed that intraperitoneal TRF-injection (90 μg/g BW) for 20 days reduced initial tumor volume by ∼64.3% (n = 5). The percentage of apoptotic cells was marginally higher in TRF-treated mice vs. control, suggesting that induction of apoptosis as one of the factors that led to tumor shrinkage. TSP (500 μg/g BW) oral treatment (n = 5) for 63 days (inclusive of pre-treatment prior to tumor inoculation) effectively inhibited tumor growth. Four of the five tumors totally regressed, demonstrating the effectiveness of TSP ingestion in suppressing tumor growth. Although no significant changes were found in mouse serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6 and CCL2), some increasing and decreasing trends were observed. This may suggest the immunomodulatory potential of these treatments that can directly or indirectly affect tumor growth. Pre-treatment with CWE, HMW and MMW significantly reduced COX-2 activity in RAW264.7 macrophages upon 24 h LPS-stimulation, suggesting the potential of L. rhinocerus TM02® extract and fractions in regulating M1/M2 polarization. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of our investigation, both the rhinoprolycan fraction and crude sclerotial powder from L. rhinocerus TM02® demonstrated tumor suppressive effects, indicating that they contain substances with strong anticancer potential. The antitumor effects of L. rhinocerus TM02® in our study highlights the potential for further explorations into its mechanism of action and future development as a prophylactic or adjunct therapeutic against tumorous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia Ng
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Boon Hong Kong
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kean Hooi Teoh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Laboratory, Sunway Medical Center, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeannie Hui-Yeng Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Szu Ting Ng
- LiGNO Biotech Sdn. Bhd, 43300, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chon Seng Tan
- LiGNO Biotech Sdn. Bhd, 43300, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fazril Mohamad Razif
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Flores-Torres S, Jiang T, Kort-Mascort J, Yang Y, Peza-Chavez O, Pal S, Mainolfi A, Pardo LA, Ferri L, Bertos N, Sangwan V, Kinsella JM. Constructing 3D In Vitro Models of Heterocellular Solid Tumors and Stromal Tissues Using Extrusion-Based Bioprinting. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:542-561. [PMID: 36598339 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumor tissues exhibit inter- and intratumoral heterogeneities, aberrant development, dynamic stromal composition, diverse tissue phenotypes, and cell populations growing within localized mechanical stresses in hypoxic conditions. Experimental tumor models employing engineered systems that isolate and study these complex variables using in vitro techniques are under development as complementary methods to preclinical in vivo models. Here, advances in extrusion bioprinting as an enabling technology to recreate the three-dimensional tumor milieu and its complex heterogeneous characteristics are reviewed. Extrusion bioprinting allows for the deposition of multiple materials, or selected cell types and concentrations, into models based upon physiological features of the tumor. This affords the creation of complex samples with representative extracellular or stromal compositions that replicate the biology of patient tissue. Biomaterial engineering of printable materials that replicate specific features of the tumor microenvironment offer experimental reproducibility, throughput, and physiological relevance compared to animal models. In this review, we describe the potential of extrusion-based bioprinting to recreate the tumor microenvironment within in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Instrument, College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | | | - Yun Yang
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Instrument, College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Omar Peza-Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sanjima Pal
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Alisia Mainolfi
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lucas Antonio Pardo
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Joseph M Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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18
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du Plessis M, Fourie C, Stone W, Engelbrecht AM. The impact of endocrine disrupting compounds and carcinogens in wastewater: Implications for breast cancer. Biochimie 2023; 209:103-115. [PMID: 36775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is often associated with geographic variation which indicates that a person's surrounding environment can be an important etiological factor in cancer development. Environmental risk factors can include exposure to sewage- or wastewater, which consist of a complex mixture of pathogens, mutagens and carcinogens. Wastewater contains primarily carbonaceous, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds, however it can also contain trace amounts of chemical pollutants including toxic metal cations, hydrocarbons and pesticides. More importantly, the contamination of drinking water by wastewater is a potential source of exposure to mammary carcinogens and endocrine disrupting compounds. Organic solvents and other pollutants often found in wastewater have been detected in various tissues, including breast and adipose tissues. Furthermore, these pollutants such as phenolic compounds in some detergents and plastics, as well as parabens and pesticides can mimic estrogen. High estrogen levels are a well-established risk factor for estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Therefore, exposure to wastewater is a risk factor for the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Carcinogens present in wastewater can promote tumourigenesis through various mechanisms, including the formation of DNA adducts, gene mutations and oxidative stress. Lastly, the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater can have negative implications for ER-positive breast cancers, where these molecules can activate ERα to promote cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. As such, strategies should be implemented to limit exposure, such as providing funding into treatment technologies and implementation of regulations that limit the production and use of these potentially harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Carla Fourie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Wendy Stone
- Stellenbosch University Water Institute, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
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19
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Chakraborty B, Byemerwa J, Krebs T, Lim F, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in the Immune System. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:117-141. [PMID: 35709009 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune function in normal homeostasis and in autoimmunity is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how estrogens affect innate and adaptive immune cell activity and how dysregulation of estrogen signaling underlies the pathobiology of some autoimmune diseases and cancers. The potential roles of the major circulating estrogens, and each of the 3 estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, and G-protein coupled receptor) in the regulation of the activity of different immune cells are considered. This provides the framework for a discussion of the impact of ER modulators (aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and selective estrogen receptor downregulators) on immunity. Synthesis of this information is timely given the considerable interest of late in defining the mechanistic basis of sex-biased responses/outcomes in patients with different cancers treated with immune checkpoint blockade. It will also be instructive with respect to the further development of ER modulators that modulate immunity in a therapeutically useful manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jovita Byemerwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Taylor Krebs
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Known Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Felicia Lim
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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20
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Zhang JJ, Liu W, Xing GZ, Xiang L, Zheng WM, Ma ZL. Role of CC-chemokine ligand 2 in gynecological cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:361. [PMCID: PMC9675065 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer is one of the most severe diseases that threaten the lives and health of women worldwide. Its incidence rate increases with each passing year and becomes more prevalent among young people. The prognosis of gynecological cancer remains poor despite significant advances in surgical removal and systemic chemotherapy. Several chemokines play a role in the progression of gynecologic cancers. CCL2 (CC-chemokine ligand 2), also termed MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), plays a significant physiological role in monocyte cell migration and the inflammatory response. Recent studies have demonstrated that CCL2 plays a pro-tumorigenic function in the tumor microenvironment. According to previous studies, CCL2 plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of gynecological cancers. Furthermore, recent studies noted that CCL2 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and prognostic predictor. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of CCL2 in the occurrence and development of gynecological cancers and to discuss the potential therapeutic strategy of CCL2 for gynecological cancers, with a primary focus on breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Zhang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Guo-Zhen Xing
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Li Xiang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Provincial People’s Hospital/People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Wen-Ming Zheng
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhen-Ling Ma
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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21
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Zearalenone Exposure on Uterine Development in Weaned Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100692. [PMID: 36287961 PMCID: PMC9610722 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of zearalenone (ZEA) exposure on uterine development in weaned gilts by quantitative proteome analysis with tandem mass spectrometry tags (TMT). A total of 16 healthy weaned gilts were randomly divided into control (basal diet) and ZEA3.0 treatments groups (basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg ZEA). Results showed that vulva size and uterine development index were increased (p < 0.05), whereas serum follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone were decreased in gilts fed the ZEA diet (p < 0.05). ZEA, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) were detected in the uteri of gilts fed a 3.0 mg/kg ZEA diet (p < 0.05). The relative protein expression levels of creatine kinase M-type (CKM), atriopeptidase (MME) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were up-regulated (p < 0.05), whereas aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member (ALDH1A2), secretogranin-1 (CHGB) and SURP and G-patch domain containing 1 (SUGP1) were down-regulated (p < 0.05) in the ZEA3.0 group by western blot, which indicated that the proteomics data were dependable. In addition, the functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) mainly involved the cellular process, biological regulation and metabolic process in the biological process category. Some important signaling pathways were changed in the ZEA3.0 group, such as extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase−protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway (p < 0.01). This study sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of ZEA in the uterine development of gilts.
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Velesiotis C, Kanellakis M, Vynios DH. Steviol glycosides affect functional properties and macromolecular expression of breast cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1012-1028. [PMID: 36054915 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides, the active sweet components of stevia plant, have been recently found to possess a number of therapeutic properties, including some recorded anticancer ones against various cancer cell types (breast, ovarian, cervical, pancreatic, and colon cancer). Our aim was to investigate this anticancer potential on the two most commonly used breast cancer cell lines which differ in the phenotype and estrogen receptor (ER) status: the low metastatic, ERα+ MCF-7 and the highly metastatic, ERα-/ERβ+ MDA-MB-231. Specifically, glycosides' effect was studied on cancer cells': (a) viability, (b) functionality (proliferation, migration, and adhesion), and (c) gene expression (mRNA level) of crucial molecules implicated in cancer's pathophysiology. Results showed that steviol glycosides induced cell death in both cell lines, in the first 24 hr, which was in line with the antiapoptotic BCL2 decrease. However, cells that managed to survive showcased diametrically opposite behavior. The low metastatic ERα+ MCF-7 cells acquired an aggressive phenotype, depicted by the upregulation of all receptors and co-receptors (ESR, PGR, AR, GPER1, EGFR, IGF1R, CD44, SDC2, and SDC4), as well as VIM and MMP14. On the contrary, the highly metastatic ERα-/ERβ+ MDA-MB-231 cells became less aggressive as pointed out by the respective downregulation of EGFR, IGF1R, CD44, and SDC2. Changes observed in gene expression were compatible with altered cell functions. Glycosides increased MCF-7 cells migration and adhesion, but reduced MDA-MB-231 cells migratory and metastatic potential. In conclusion, the above data clearly demonstrate that steviol glycosides have different effects on breast cancer cells according to their ER status, suggesting that steviol glycosides might be examined for their potential anticancer activity against breast cancer, especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Velesiotis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marinos Kanellakis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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The origins of resident macrophages in mammary gland influence the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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CCL2 overexpression is associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer cells via autocrine signaling and macrophage recruitment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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A potent estrogen receptor and microtubule specific purine-benzothiazole-based fluorescent molecular probe induces apoptotic death of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10772. [PMID: 35750870 PMCID: PMC9232585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is a heterogeneous disease at molecular level. Early detection and specificity are the key prerequisite for the treatment of this deadly cancer. To address these issues attention on the breast cancer specific receptor protein(s) is the most realistic option. Herein estrogen (E) and progesterone (Pg) receptors(R) were considered to design fluorescent molecular probes with possible therapeutic option. We adopted QSAR technique to design a library of benzothiazole-purine hybrid molecules. Molecular docking offers us three screened molecules as most potential. Among these molecules one abbreviated as “CPIB” showed blue fluorescence and detected ER positive cancer cells at 1 nM concentration. At elevated concentration, CPIB induces apoptotic deaths of same cancer cells through targeting intracellular microtubules without affecting normal cells or ER negative cells. CPIB is one of its kind with two-in-one potential of “Detection and Destroy” ability targeting ER positive breast cancer cells.
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Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells Using Naturally Occurring Phytoestrogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126813. [PMID: 35743256 PMCID: PMC9224163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer therapies have made significant strides in improving survival for patients over the past decades. However, recurrence and drug resistance continue to challenge long-term recurrence-free and overall survival rates. Mounting evidence supports the cancer stem cell model in which the existence of a small population of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) within the tumor enables these cells to evade conventional therapies and repopulate the tumor, giving rise to more aggressive, recurrent tumors. Thus, successful breast cancer therapy would need to target these BCSCs, as well the tumor bulk cells. Since the Women’s Health Initiative study reported an increased risk of breast cancer with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women, many have turned their attention to phytoestrogens as a natural alternative. Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that share structural similarities with human estrogens and can bind to the estrogen receptors to alter the endocrine responses. Recent studies have found that phytoestrogens can also target BCSCs and have the potential to complement conventional therapy eradicating BCSCs. This review summarized the latest findings of different phytoestrogens and their effect on BCSCs, along with their mechanisms of action, including selective estrogen receptor binding and inhibition of molecular pathways used by BCSCs. The latest results of phytoestrogens in clinical trials are also discussed to further evaluate the use of phytoestrogen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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Li H, Wu M, Zhao X. Role of chemokine systems in cancer and inflammatory diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e147. [PMID: 35702353 PMCID: PMC9175564 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have fundamental roles in organ development, normal physiology, and immune responses upon binding to their corresponding receptors. The primary functions of chemokines are to coordinate and recruit immune cells to and from tissues and to participate in regulating interactions between immune cells. In addition to the generally recognized antimicrobial immunity, the chemokine/chemokine receptor axis also exerts a tumorigenic function in many different cancer models and is involved in the formation of immunosuppressive and protective tumor microenvironment (TME), making them potential prognostic markers for various hematologic and solid tumors. In fact, apart from its vital role in tumors, almost all inflammatory diseases involve chemokines and their receptors in one way or another. Modulating the expression of chemokines and/or their corresponding receptors on tumor cells or immune cells provides the basis for the exploitation of new drugs for clinical evaluation in the treatment of related diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances of chemokine systems in protumor and antitumor immune responses and discuss the prevailing understanding of how the chemokine system operates in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we also emphatically highlight the complexity of the chemokine system and explore its potential to guide the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Mohammadi Ghahhari N, Sznurkowska MK, Hulo N, Bernasconi L, Aceto N, Picard D. Cooperative interaction between ERα and the EMT-inducer ZEB1 reprograms breast cancer cells for bone metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2104. [PMID: 35440541 PMCID: PMC9018728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to contribute to the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells. EMT-promoting transcription factors determine a continuum of different EMT states. In contrast, estrogen receptor α (ERα) helps to maintain the epithelial phenotype of breast cancer cells and its expression is crucial for effective endocrine therapies. Determining whether and how EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1 modulate ERα signaling during early stages of EMT could promote the discovery of therapeutic approaches to suppress metastasis. Here we show that, shortly after induction of EMT and while cells are still epithelial, ZEB1 modulates ERα-mediated transcription induced by estrogen or cAMP signaling in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings and our ex vivo and xenograft results, we suggest that the functional interaction between ZEB1 and ERα may alter the tissue tropism of metastatic breast cancer cells towards bone. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Here, the authors show that the EMT transcription factor, ZEB1, can modify estrogen receptor α during EMT and facilitate the migration of breast cancer cells to the bone
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Université de Genève, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Lilia Bernasconi
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Tan K, Naylor MJ. The Influence of Modifiable Factors on Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk and Disease Progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840826. [PMID: 35330933 PMCID: PMC8940211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, and together represented almost 20% of all new cancer diagnoses in 2020. For both cancers, the primary treatment options are surgical resection and sex hormone deprivation therapy, highlighting the initial dependence of these malignancies on the activity of both endogenous and exogenous hormones. Cancer cell phenotype and patient prognosis is not only determined by the collection of specific gene mutations, but through the interaction and influence of a wide range of different local and systemic components. While genetic risk factors that contribute to the development of these cancers are well understood, increasing epidemiological evidence link modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical exercise, diet and weight management, to drivers of disease progression such as inflammation, transcriptional activity, and altered biochemical signaling pathways. As a result of this significant impact, it is estimated that up to 50% of cancer cases in developed countries could be prevented with changes to lifestyle and environmental factors. While epidemiological studies of modifiable risk factors and research of the biological mechanisms exist mostly independently, this review will discuss how advances in our understanding of the metabolic, protein and transcriptional pathways altered by modifiable lifestyle factors impact cancer cell physiology to influence breast and prostate cancer risk and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Naylor
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Structure-based design and synthesis of conformationally constrained derivatives of methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP) with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105554. [PMID: 34923243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Estrogen receptors (ER) are cytoplasmic proteins; translocated to the nucleus to induce transcriptional signals after getting bound to the estrogen hormone. ER activation implicated in cancer cell proliferation of female reproductive organs. Thus, the discovery of ER antagonists is a reliable strategy to combat estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is one of the complications encountered upon long-term therapy by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like Tamoxifen (TMX) and methyl piperidinopyrazole (MPP). Thus, the ER-full antagonist is a solution to improve the safety of this class of therapeutics during the treatment of breast cancer. We selected MPP as a lead structure to design conformationally constrained analogs. Structural rigidification is a proven strategy to transform the SERMs into full antagonists. Accordingly, we synthesized 7-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]indazoles (4), (6a-c),(8-12) along with the biphenolic counterparts(13-19)that are the anticipated active metabolites. The 4-nitrophenyl derivative(4)is with the most balanced profile regardingthe in vivoanti-uterotrophic potential (EC50 = 4.160 μM); and the cytotoxicity assay of the corresponding active metabolite(13)against ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 IC50 = 7.200 μM, T-47D IC50 = 11.710 μM). The inconsiderable uterotrophic activities of the elaborated ER-antagonists and weak antiproliferative activity of the compound(13)against ovarian cancer (SKOV-3 IC50 = 29.800 μM) highlighted it as a good start point to elaborate potential ER-full antagonists devoid of endometrial carcinoma. Extending the pendant chain that protrudes from the 2-(4-(substituted)-phenyl) ring of the new benzo-indazoles is recommended for enhancing the potency based on the binding mode of compound(13)in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ER.
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31
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Wang Z, Wang B, Zhang J, Wu Z, Yu L, Sun Z. Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2/Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) Axis Blockade to Delay Chondrocyte Hypertrophy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Osteoarthritis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930053. [PMID: 34876548 PMCID: PMC8667482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrocytes play a vital role in the later stages of osteoarthritis (OA). The roles of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor, chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), are as yet poorly elucidated in chondrocyte hypertrophy (CH). Here, we aimed to regulate the CCL2/CCR2 axis and explore its effect on progression of CH. Material/Methods Chondrocytes isolated from patients with OA were used in the present study. In vitro experiments were conducted to test hypertrophic gene and CCL2/CCR2 expression in chondrocyte degeneration caused by interleukin (IL)-17A or CCL2 protein stimulation. In addition, inhibition of CCL2 and CCR2 was used to assess the role of CCL2 and CCR2 blockade in CH. Relative gene expression was determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, or immunofluorescence. Hypertrophic changes were assessed with cell area measurement. Moreover, the viability of chondrocytes was analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. Results CCL2 and CCR2 were upregulated in IL-17A-treated chondrocytes. The exogenic CCL2 stimulation also promoted CH and increased the expression of Type 10 collagen, RUNX2, and IHH, which could be reversed via suppression of CCR2. Inhibition of CCL2 and CCR2 expression was sufficient to: 1) protect Type 2 collagen synthesis; 2) alleviate IL-17A-induced overexpression of Type 10 collagen, RUNX2, and IHH; and 3) improve chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions Blockading the CCL2/CCR2 axis plays a role in delaying the development of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Imaging, Liaocheng Infectious Disease Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhensong Wu
- Department of Joint Sports Medicine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Liankui Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongye Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Fei L, Ren X, Yu H, Zhan Y. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds? Front Immunol 2021; 12:771210. [PMID: 34804061 PMCID: PMC8596464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is predominantly expressed by monocytes/macrophages with strong proinflammatory functions, prompting the development of CCR2 antagonists to dampen unwanted immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, CCR2-expressing monocytes/macrophages, particularly in tumor microenvironments, can be strongly immunosuppressive. Thus, targeting the recruitment of immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages to tumors by CCR2 antagonism has recently been investigated as a strategy to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance anti-tumor immunity. We present here that beneficial effects of CCR2 antagonism in the tumor setting extend beyond blocking chemotaxis of suppressive myeloid cells. Signaling within the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows underappreciated effects on myeloid cell survival and function polarization. Apart from myeloid cells, T cells are also known to express CCR2. Nevertheless, tissue homing of Treg cells among T cell populations is preferentially affected by CCR2 deficiency. Further, CCR2 signaling also directly enhances Treg functional potency. Thus, although Tregs are not the sole type of T cells expressing CCR2, the net outcome of CCR2 antagonism in T cells favors the anti-tumor arm of immune responses. Finally, the CCL2/CCR2 axis directly contributes to survival/growth and invasion/metastasis of many types of tumors bearing CCR2. Together, CCR2 links to two main types of suppressive immune cells by multiple mechanisms. Such a CCR2-assoicated immunosuppressive network is further entangled with paracrine and autocrine CCR2 signaling of tumor cells. Strategies to target CCL2/CCR2 axis as cancer therapy in the view of three types of CCR2-expessing cells in tumor microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Fei
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
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Wei CY, Li MQ, Zhu XY, Li DJ. Immune status of decidual macrophages is dependent on the CCL2/CCR2/JAK2 pathway during early pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13480. [PMID: 34191381 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Decidual macrophages (dMφ ) play an important role in the formation of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. However, factors that influence the immune status of dMφ and the related potential mechanisms have not been elucidated to date. METHOD OF STUDY The gene transcription in dMφ , decidual stromal cells (DSCs), extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), and peripheral monocytes (pMo) from human samples were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Monocyte-DSC co-culture was established to explore whether DSCs influenced dMφ polarization via C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)-C-C chemokine receptor (CCR2) binding using flow cytometry. In vivo, changes in dMφ percentage and M1 and M2 marker expression after treatment with CCR2 or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor were detected with flow cytometry. Embryo resorption percentages in the above groups were also analyzed. RESULTS We found that dMφ were an M1/M2 mixed status at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. CCL2 influenced the immune status of dMφ in an autocrine and paracrine manner. As a downstream regulator of CCR2 and triggers the Stat3 pathway, JAK2 was found to be essential for dMφ homeostasis in vivo. JAK2 inhibitor decreased the dMφ proportion and attenuated Ki67, CD36, CD86, CD206, TNF, and IL-10 expression in dMφ at E8.5 d. Moreover, CCR2-JAK2 pathway inhibition decreased the width of the placental labyrinth layer, further influencing the pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION The M1/M2 mixed immune status of dMφ was regulated by DSCs via CCR2, and the CCL2/CCR2/JAK2 pathway was essential for the immune status of dMφ and the outcome of early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wei
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Xian Y, Xu H, Hu M, Che K, Liu X, Wang H. The associations between Deltex1 and clinical characteristics of breast cancer. Gland Surg 2021; 10:3116-3127. [PMID: 34926227 PMCID: PMC8637063 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deltex 1 (DTX1) is a single transmembrane protein with ubiquitin E3 ligase activity which has been found to play a role in the development of several cancers. We aimed to investigate the associations between DTX1 and breast cancer (BC). METHODS We explored the roles and mechanisms of DTX1 in BC by using BC cell lines in vitro. Levels of DTX1 in serum and tissues were determined in 316 patients with BC, 102 patients with fibroadenoma, and 113 healthy controls by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The associations between DTX1 and clinical characteristics of BC were analyzed using multivariate analysis and Cox regression survival analysis. RESULTS Lower levels of DTX1 promoted BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The cell growth and survival of BC might be regulated by DTX1 via the Notch signaling pathway. Levels of DTX1 in BC tissues were lower compared to fibroadenoma tissues and peri-neoplastic breast tissues (P<0.01). A lower level of DTX1 was shown to be associated with advanced tumor grade (P=0.017), advanced clinical stage (P=0.031), positive lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.009), and high Ki-67 index (P=0.023). Lower DTX1 expression was recognized as an impact factor for metastasis-free survival (MFS) in BC. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of DTX1 could promote BC cell proliferation and migration, and are associated with advanced BC. There is potential for DTX1 as a marker to assist the selection of new BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Breast Diseases Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei Xian
- Department of Ultrasonography, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Qixia, Yantai, China
| | - Kui Che
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Diseases Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Kalra RS, Soman GS, Parab PB, Mali AM, Varankar SS, Naik RR, Kamble SC, Dhanjal JK, Bapat SA. A monoclonal antibody against annexin A2 targets stem and progenitor cell fractions in tumors. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101257. [PMID: 34715620 PMCID: PMC8564672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel antibody (termed as mAb150) developed in our lab which targets annexin A2. Although there are earlier reports of another monoclonal antibody with the same target, the epitope recognized by mAb150 is novel. mAb150 is specifically recognized to target the achilles heel of cancer viz. cancer stem cells and progenitors that persist after treatments and potentially give rise to minimal residual disease.
The involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in driving tumor dormancy and drug resistance is well established. Most therapeutic regimens however are ineffective in targeting these regenerative populations. We report the development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody, mAb150, which targets the metastasis associated antigen, Annexin A2 (AnxA2) through recognition of a N-terminal epitope. Treatment with mAb150 potentiated re-entry of CSCs into the cell cycle that perturbed tumor dormancy and facilitated targeting of CSCs as was validated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Epigenetic potentiation further improved mAb150 efficacy in achieving total tumor regression by targeting regenerative populations to achieve tumor regression, specifically in high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar S Kalra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Gaurav S Soman
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Pradeep B Parab
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Avinash M Mali
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sagar S Varankar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW
| | - Rutika R Naik
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Swapnil C Kamble
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jaspreet K Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.
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Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111500. [PMID: 34829729 PMCID: PMC8614912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
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Kaboli PJ, Imani S, Jomhori M, Ling KH. Chemoresistance in breast cancer: PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors vs the current chemotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5155-5183. [PMID: 34765318 PMCID: PMC8569340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Several types of drugs, targeting the specific proteins expressed on the breast cancer cell surface (such as receptor tyrosine kinases and immune checkpoint regulators) and proteins involved in cell cycle and motility (including cyclin-dependent kinases, DNA stabilisers, and cytoskeleton modulators) are approved for different subtypes of breast cancer. However, breast cancer also has a poor response to conventional chemotherapy due to intrinsic and acquired resistance, and an Akt fingerprint is detectable in most drug-resistant cases. Overactivation of Akt and its upstream and downstream regulators in resistant breast cancer cells is considered a major potential target for novel anti-cancer therapies, suggesting that Akt signalling acts as a cellular mechanism against chemotherapy. The present review has shown that sustained activation of Akt results in resistance to different types of chemotherapy. Akt signalling plays a cellular defence role against chemotherapy and (1) enhances multi-drug resistance, (2) increases reactive oxygen species at breast tumor microenvironment, (3) enhances anaerobic metabolism, (4) inhibits the tricarboxylic cycle, (5) promotes PD-L1 upregulation, (6) inhibits apoptosis, (7) increases glucose uptake, and more importantly (8) recruits and interconnects the plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria to hijack breast cancer cells and rescue these cells from chemotherapy. Therefore, Akt signalling is considered a cellular defence mechanism employed against chemotherapeutic effects. In addition, interfering roles of PI3K/Akt signalling on the current cytotoxic and molecularly targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy of breast cancer are discussed with a clinical approach. Although, alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor, is the only PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor approved for breast cancer, we also highlight well-evaluated inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signalling based on different subtypes of breast cancer, which are under clinical trials whether as monotherapy or in combination with other types of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Masume Jomhori
- Department of Biotechnology Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteMashhad, Iran
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA
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38
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Xu M, Wang Y, Xia R, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13115. [PMID: 34464477 PMCID: PMC8488570 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation through a variety of mechanisms. By interacting with CCR2, CCL2 promotes cancer cell migration and recruits immunosuppressive cells to the tumour microenvironment, favouring cancer development. Over the last several decades, a series of studies have been conducted to explore the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis function in malignancies. Therapeutic strategies targeting the CCL2- CCR2 axis have also shown promising effects, enriching our approaches for fighting against cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of the CCL2-CCR2 signalling axis in tumorigenesis and highlight recent studies on CCL2-CCR2 targeted therapy, focusing on preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Host immune dysregulation is associated with initiation and development of osteosarcoma. In addition, immunotherapy for osteosarcomas requires some knowledge of the immune state of patients. OBJECTIVE To perform an immunogenomic landscape analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, which provides osteosarcoma samples with clinical information. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genetic association study was conducted from July 20, 2020, to September 20, 2020, as a secondary analysis of public data. Cox regression and risk score analyses were used to construct signatures of immune-related genes (IRGs) in 84 patients with osteosarcoma from TCGA with corresponding clinical information. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups with 42 individuals in each group according to their risk scores. Data were analyzed from July 20 to September 20, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between groups, and potential molecular mechanisms, expression regulation, and immune cell infiltration were also explored using bioinformation methods. A prognostic model based on independent risk factors selected from multivariate Cox hazard ratio regression was established to estimate 1-year overall survival. RESULTS In this genetic association study based on 84 samples from patients with osteosarcoma from TCGA (mean [SD] age, 15.0 [4.8] years; 47 [56.0%] men; mean [SD] follow-up time, 4.1 [2.8] years), a total of 14 survival-associated IRGs were identified. Patients assigned to the high-risk group had worse survival than patients from the low-risk group (1 death [2.4%] vs 26 deaths [61.9%%]; P < .001). The protein digestion and absorption pathway was one of the associated pathways in the functional enrichment analysis (gene ratio, 2:8; P < .001). The prognostic model based on metastases at diagnosis and risk score performed well in 1-year overall survival estimations (area under the curve, 0.947; 95% CI, 0.832-0.972). The risk score was correlated with immune cell infiltration (B cells: r = 0.331; P = .002; macrophages: r = 0.410; P < .001; CD8 T cells: r = 0.230; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This genetic association study developed a prognostic modeling tool for osteosarcoma based on IRG expression profiles, which could result in improved survival rates through more individualized therapies. Further research on IRG expression profiles could provide potential targets for future studies on immune treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangmi Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankuan Xie
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Qi
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Martínez-Chacón G, Yatkin E, Polari L, Deniz Dinç D, Peuhu E, Hartiala P, Saarinen N, Mäkelä S. CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) stimulates aromatase gene expression in mammary adipose tissue. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21536. [PMID: 33913559 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902485rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Obesity-related inflammation upregulates aromatase expression, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis, in breast adipose tissue (BAT), increasing estrogen production and cancer risk. The regulation of aromatase gene (CYP19A1) in BAT is complex, and the mechanisms linking obesity and aromatase dysregulation are not fully understood. An obesity-associated factor that could regulate aromatase is the CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, a pro-inflammatory factor that also activates signaling pathways implicated in CYP19A1 transcription. By using human primary breast adipose stromal cells (ASCs) and aromatase reporter (hARO-Luc) mouse mammary adipose explants, we demonstrated that CCL2 enhances the glucocorticoid-mediated CYP19A1 transcription. The potential mechanism involves the activation of PI.4 via ERK1/2 pathway. We also showed that CCL2 contributes to the pro-inflammatory milieu and aromatase expression in obesity, evidenced by increased expression of CCL2 and CYP19A1 in mammary tissues from obese hARO-Luc mice, and subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese women. In summary, our results indicate that postmenopausal obesity may promote CCL2 production in BAT, leading to exacerbation of the menopause-related inflammatory state and further stimulation of local aromatase and estrogens. These results provide new insights into the regulation of aromatase and may aid in finding approaches to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez-Chacón
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Defne Deniz Dinç
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hartiala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital (TYS), Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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41
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Rasha F, Sharma M, Pruitt K. Mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111322. [PMID: 34000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) subtype is characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Treatment of this BC subtype typically involves modalities that either suppress the production of estrogen or impede the binding of estrgen to its receptors, constituting the basis for endocrine therapy. While many patients have benefitted from endocrine therapy with clear reduction in mortality and cancer recurrence, one of the clinical hurdles that remain involves overcoming intrinsic (de novo) or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy driven by diverse and complex changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, such resistance may persist even after progression through additional antiestrogen therapies thus demonstrating the importance of further investigation of mechanisms of ER modulation. Here, we discuss a number of advances that provide a better understanding of the complex mechanistic basis for resistance to endocrine therapy as well as future therapeutic maneuvers that may break this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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42
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Jaworski JP, Urrutia M, Dascal E, Jaita G, Peluffo MC. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a novel intermediate in the ovulatory cascade. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:289-300. [PMID: 32159806 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of immune function genes within follicle cells has been reported in ovaries from many species. Recent work from our laboratory showed a direct effect of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 system within the feline cumulus oocyte complex, by increasing the mRNA levels of key genes involved in the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Studies were designed to evaluate if C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 acts as a novel mediator of the ovulatory cascade in vitro. Therefore, feline cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in the presence or absence of a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist together with known inducers of cumulus-oocyte expansion and/or oocyte maturation to assess mRNA expression of key genes related to periovulatory events in other species as well as oocyte maturation. Also, the effects of recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 on spontaneous or gonadotrophin-induced oocyte maturation were assessed. This is an in vitro system using isolated cumulus oocyte complexes from feline ovaries. The present study reveals the modulation of several key ovulatory genes by a highly selective C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonist. However, this antagonist was not enough to block the oocyte maturation induced by gonadotropins or amphiregulin. Nonetheless, recombinant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 had a significant effect on spontaneous oocyte maturation, increasing the percentage of metaphase II stage oocytes in comparison to the control. This is the first study in any species to establish C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 as a mediator of some actions of the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología, INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Technology-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria)-CONICET, Argentina. Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros 10 s/n, Castelar, Argentina
| | - M Urrutia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Dascal
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Jaita
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Peluffo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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43
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Kuang S, He F, Liu G, Sun X, Dai J, Chi A, Tang Y, Li Z, Gao Y, Deng C, Lin Z, Xiao H, Zhang M. CCR2-engineered mesenchymal stromal cells accelerate diabetic wound healing by restoring immunological homeostasis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120963. [PMID: 34153785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing presents great health risks to patients. While encouraging, the current clinical successes of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies for tissue repair have been limited. Genetic engineering could endow MSCs with more robust regenerative capacities. Here, we identified that C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) overexpression enhanced the targeted migration and immunoregulatory potential of MSCs in response to C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in vitro. Intravenously infusion of CCR2-engineered MSCs (MSCsCCR2) exhibited improved homing efficiencies to injured sites and lungs of diabetic mice. Accordingly, MSCCCR2 infusion inhibited monocyte infiltration, reshaped macrophage inflammatory properties, prompted the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in injured sites, and reshaped systemic immune responses via the lung and spleen in mouse diabetic wound models. In summary, CCR2-engineered MSCs restore immunological homeostasis to accelerate diabetic wound healing via their improved homing and immunoregulatory potentials in response to CCL2. Therefore, these findings provide a novel strategy to explore genetically engineered MSCs as tools to facilitate tissue repair in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Kuang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Feng He
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Reproductive Centre, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ani Chi
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yali Tang
- Core Lab Plat for Medical Science, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 51008, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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44
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Wang T, Jin J, Qian C, Lou J, Lin J, Xu A, Xia K, Jin L, Liu B, Tao H, Yang Z, Yu W. Estrogen/ER in anti-tumor immunity regulation to tumor cell and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 34098945 PMCID: PMC8182917 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the essential sexual hormone, estrogen and its receptor has been proved to participate in the regulation of autoimmunity diseases and anti-tumor immunity. The adjustment of tumor immunity is related to the interaction between cancer cells, immune cells and tumor microenvironment, all of which is considered as the potential target in estrogen-induced immune system regulation. However, the specific mechanism of estrogen-induced immunity is poorly understood. Typically, estrogen causes the nuclear localization of estrogen/estrogen receptor complex and alternates the transcription pattern of target genes, leading to the reprogramming of tumor cells and differentiation of immune cells. However, the estrogen-induced non-canonical signal pathway activation is also crucial to the rapid function of estrogen, such as NF-κB, MAPK-ERK, and β-catenin pathway activation, which has not been totally illuminated. So, the investigation of estrogen modulatory mechanisms in these two manners is vital for the tumor immunity and can provide the potential for endocrine hormone targeted cancer immunotherapy. Here, this review summarized the estrogen-induced canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathway and aimed to focus on the relationship among estrogen and cancer immunity as well as immune-related tumor microenvironment regulation. Results from these preclinical researches elucidated that the estrogen-target therapy has the application prospect of cancer immunotherapy, which requires the further translational research of these treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiecheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengzhou People's Hospital, #666 Dangui Road, Shengzhou, 312400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinti Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankai Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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46
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Molehin D, Rasha F, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. Regulation of aromatase in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2449-2464. [PMID: 33599895 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of aromatase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of estrogen in normal and cancer cells, has been associated with growth factor signaling and immune response modulation. The tissue-specific regulatory roles of these factors are of particular importance as local aromatase expression is strongly linked to cancer development/progression and disease outcomes in patients. Therefore, aromatase has become a chemotherapeutic target and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used in the clinic for treating hormone-dependent cancers. Although AIs have shown promising results in the treatment of cancers, the emerging increase in AI-resistance necessitates the development of new and improved targeted therapies. This review discusses the role of tumor and stromal-derived growth factors and immune cell modulators in regulating aromatase. Current single-agent and combination therapies with or without AIs targeting growth factors and immune checkpoints are also discussed. This review highlights recent studies that show new connections between growth factors, mediators of immune response, and aromatase regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Molehin
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430-6591, USA.
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47
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Melatonin as an Oncostatic Molecule Based on Its Anti-Aromatase Role in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010438. [PMID: 33406787 PMCID: PMC7795758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. In the developmental stages of breast cancer, estrogens are strongly involved. As estrogen synthesis is regulated by the enzyme aromatase, targeting the activity of this enzyme represents a therapeutic option. The pineal hormone melatonin may exert a suppressive role on aromatase activity, leading to reduced estrogen biosynthesis. A melatonin-mediated decrease in the expression of aromatase promoters and associated genes would provide suitable evidence of this molecule’s efficacy as an aromatase inhibitor. Furthermore, melatonin intensifies radiation-induced anti-aromatase effects and counteracts the unwanted disadvantages of chemotherapeutic agents. In this manner, this review summarizes the inhibitory role of melatonin in aromatase action, suggesting its role as a possible oncostatic molecule in breast cancer.
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48
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Wang N, Wang S, Wang X, Zheng Y, Yang B, Zhang J, Pan B, Gao J, Wang Z. Research trends in pharmacological modulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e288. [PMID: 33463063 PMCID: PMC7805405 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play important roles in multiple solid malignancies, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. TAMs could contribute to carcinogenesis, neoangiogenesis, immune-suppressive TME remodeling, cancer chemoresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, reprogramming of the immune-suppressive TAMs by pharmacological approaches has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. In this review, the promising pharmaceutical targets, as well as the existing modulatory strategies of TAMs were summarized. The chemokine-chemokine receptor signaling, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, metabolic signaling, and exosomal signaling have been highlighted in determining the biological functions of TAMs. Besides, both preclinical research and clinical trials have suggested the chemokine-chemokine receptor blockers, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bisphosphonates, as well as the exosomal or nanoparticle-based targeting delivery systems as the promising pharmacological approaches for TAMs deletion or reprogramming. Lastly, the combined therapies of TAMs-targeting strategies with traditional treatments or immunotherapies as well as the exosome-like nanovesicles for cancer therapy are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bo Pan
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jianli Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer MedicineDiscipline of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease ResearchGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Shen J, Chen Q, Li N, Bai X, Wang F, Li B. TWIST1 expression and clinical significance in type I endometrial cancer and premalignant lesions: A retrospective clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23397. [PMID: 33235117 PMCID: PMC7710231 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of TWIST1 expression with clinical parameters and the prognosis of type I endometrial cancer (EC).This retrospective study enrolled 345 patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 55 normal endometrium (NE) samples, 27 atypical hyperplasia (AH) samples, and 263 type I EC samples. The association between TWIST1 staining and clinical characteristics and survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.We found significantly higher TWIST1 expression in patients with AHs and type I ECs than NEs, but there was no significant difference between TWIST1 expression in AHs and type I ECs. Aberrant TWIST1 expression was significantly associated with clinical parameters, indicating poor prognosis and shorter patient survival. Pearsons Chi-Squared test showed that high TWIST1 expression was significantly associated with a shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. More importantly, multivariate analysis showed that high TWIST1 expression, in addition to myometrial invasion, lymph vascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis, was an independent predictor of worse DFS in patients with type I ECs.Our findings suggest that TWIST1 might be useful in diagnosing ECs and predicting prognosis in patients with AHs and type I ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Rd no.1, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology
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50
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Zhu Z, Hou Q, Guo H. NT5DC2 knockdown inhibits colorectal carcinoma progression by repressing metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor-associated macrophage recruitment: A mechanism involving VEGF signaling. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112311. [PMID: 32991874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed tumors among human worldwide. Angiogenesis and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment are closely associated with CRC development. Nevertheless, the mechanisms revealing CRC progression are still not fully understood. 5'-Nucleotidase domain containing 2 (NT5DC2), a member of the NT5DC family, modulates various cellular events to mediate tumor growth, and thus serves as a disgnostic biomarker. Here, we explored the potential of NT5DC2 on tumor progression in CRC. We first found that NT5DC2 expression was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. CRC patients with higher NT5DC2 expression showed poor overall survival. Furthermore, CRC cell lines stably transfected with shNT5DC2 lentivirus plasmids exhibited markedly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared with the negative control group. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression levels were remarkably reduced in CRC cells with NT5DC2 deletion, along with evidently reduced tube formation in the HUVECs cultured in the collected conditional medium. The expression levels of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 were found to be greatly down-regulated in CRC cells transfected with shNT5DC2. Moreover, NT5DC2 knockdown markedly suppressed the activation of protein kinase-B/nuclear transcription factor κB (AKT/NF-κB) signaling in CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that NT5DC2 deletion obviously reduced the TAM recruitments through suppressing CCL2/CCR2 and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways. Intriguingly, our in vitro experiments demonstrated that VEGF reduction was necessary for shNT5DC2-inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and TAM recruitment. In vivo studies also confirmed that NT5DC2 knockdown effectively reduced the tumor growth and VEGF expression in a xonegraft mouse model with CRC. Lung metastasis of CRC cells was also hindered by NT5DC2 deletion in vivo. Collectively, our results indicated a previously unrecognized NT5DC2/VEGF/CCL2 axis involved in CRC development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Qingsheng Hou
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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