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Villarreal PP, Pal R, Qiu S, Coblens O, Villasante-Tezanos A, Resto V, McCammon S, Vargas G. Label-Free Imaging and Histo-Optical Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancers with Multiphoton Autofluorescence Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1302. [PMID: 36831646 PMCID: PMC9953923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Depth-resolved label-free optical imaging by the method of multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) may offer new ways to examine cellular and extracellular atypia associated with epithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). MPAM was evaluated for its ability to identify cellular and microstructural atypia in head and neck tissues from resected discarded tumor tissue. Three-dimensional image volumes were obtained from tissues from the floor of the mouth, tongue, and larynx, and were then processed for histology. MPAM micrographs were evaluated for qualitative metrics of cell atypia and quantitative measures associated with nuclear pleomorphism. Statistical analyses correlated MPAM endpoints with histological grade from each imaged site. Cellular overcrowding, discohesion, anisonucleosis, and multinucleated cells, as observed through MPAM, were found to be statistically associated with dysplasia and SCC grading, but not in histologically benign regions. A quantitative measure of the coefficient of variance in nuclear size in SCC and dysplasia was statistically elevated above histologically benign regions. MPAM also allowed for the identification of cellular heterogeneity across transitional areas and other features, such as inflammatory infiltrates. In the future, MPAM could be evaluated for the non-invasive detection of neoplasia, possibly as an adjunct to traditional conventional examination and biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Patricia Villarreal
- The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Orly Coblens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School for Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Oncology Division, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Belykh E, Jubran JH, George LL, Bardonova L, Healey DR, Georges JF, Quarles CC, Eschbacher JM, Mehta S, Scheck AC, Nakaji P, Preul MC. Molecular Imaging of Glucose Metabolism for Intraoperative Fluorescence Guidance During Glioma Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:586-596. [PMID: 33544308 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the use of molecular imaging of fluorescent glucose analog 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) as a discriminatory marker for intraoperative tumor border identification in a murine glioma model. PROCEDURES 2-NBDG was assessed in GL261 and U251 orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. Intraoperative fluorescence of topical and intravenous 2-NBDG in normal and tumor regions was assessed with an operating microscope, handheld confocal laser scanning endomicroscope (CLE), and benchtop confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM). Additionally, 2-NBDG fluorescence in tumors was compared with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. RESULTS Intravenously administered 2-NBDG was detectable in brain tumor and absent in contralateral normal brain parenchyma on wide-field operating microscope imaging. Intraoperative and benchtop CLE showed preferential 2-NBDG accumulation in the cytoplasm of glioma cells (mean [SD] tumor-to-background ratio of 2.76 [0.43]). Topically administered 2-NBDG did not create sufficient tumor-background contrast for wide-field operating microscope imaging or under benchtop LSM (mean [SD] tumor-to-background ratio 1.42 [0.72]). However, topical 2-NBDG did create sufficient contrast to evaluate cellular tissue architecture and differentiate tumor cells from normal brain parenchyma. Protoporphyrin IX imaging resulted in a more specific delineation of gross tumor margins than intravenous or topical 2-NBDG and a significantly higher tumor-to-normal-brain fluorescence intensity ratio. CONCLUSION After intravenous administration, 2-NBDG selectively accumulated in the experimental brain tumors and provided bright contrast under wide-field fluorescence imaging with a clinical-grade operating microscope. Topical 2-NBDG was able to create a sufficient contrast to differentiate tumor from normal brain cells on the basis of visualization of cellular architecture with CLE. 5-Aminolevulinic acid demonstrated superior specificity in outlining tumor margins and significantly higher tumor background contrast. Given the nontoxicity of 2-NBDG, its use as a topical molecular marker for noninvasive in vivo intraoperative microscopy is encouraging and warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jubran H Jubran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laeth L George
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Liudmila Bardonova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Deborah R Healey
- Department of Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph F Georges
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chad C Quarles
- Department of Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adrienne C Scheck
- Department of Neuro-Oncology Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Banner Health-University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Pal R, Villarreal P, Yu X, Qiu S, Vargas G. Multimodal widefield fluorescence imaging with nonlinear optical microscopy workflow for noninvasive oral epithelial neoplasia detection: a preclinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200213R. [PMID: 33200597 PMCID: PMC7667429 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Early detection of epithelial cancers and precancers/neoplasia in the presence of benign lesions is challenging due to the lack of robust in vivo imaging and biopsy guidance techniques. Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) has shown promise for optical biopsy through the detection of cellular and extracellular signatures of neoplasia. Although in vivo microscopy techniques continue to be developed, the surface area imaged in microscopy is limited by the field of view. FDA-approved widefield fluorescence (WF) imaging systems that capture autofluorescence signatures of neoplasia provide molecular information at large fields of view, which may complement the cytologic and architectural information provided by NLOM. AIM A multimodal imaging approach with high-sensitivity WF and high-resolution NLOM was investigated to identify and distinguish image-based features of neoplasia from normal and benign lesions. APPROACH In vivo label-free WF imaging and NLOM was performed in preclinical hamster models of oral neoplasia and inflammation. Analyses of WF imaging, NLOM imaging, and dual modality (WF combined with NLOM) were performed. RESULTS WF imaging showed increased red-to-green autofluorescence ratio in neoplasia compared to inflammation and normal oral mucosa (p < 0.01). In vivo assessment of the mucosal tissue with NLOM revealed subsurface cytologic (nuclear pleomorphism) and architectural (remodeling of extracellular matrix) atypia in histologically confirmed neoplastic tissue, which were not observed in inflammation or normal mucosa. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of macroscopic and microscopic image-based features indicated improved performance (94% sensitivity and 97% specificity) of a multiscale approach over WF alone, even in the presence of benign lesions (inflammation), a common confounding factor in diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal imaging approach integrating strengths from WF and NLOM may be beneficial in identifying oral neoplasia. Our study could guide future studies on human oral neoplasia to further evaluate merits and limitations of multimodal workflows and inform the development of multiscale clinical imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Paula Villarreal
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Suimin Qiu
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Gracie Vargas
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, Galveston, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Galveston, Texas, United States
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Villarreal P, Pal R, Vargas G. In Vivo Epithelial Metabolic Imaging Using a Topical Fluorescent Glucose Analog. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2126:21-31. [PMID: 32112376 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0364-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The demanding metabolic needs of cancer cells are met by aerobic glycolysis. While whole-body PET imaging methods exist for evaluating this metabolic response, these are not ideal for local, more detailed regions such as mucosal surfaces. Fluorescence imaging of glucose analogs with similarities to radiolabeled deoxyglucose used in PET, namely, fluorescent 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG), offers such an alternative, particularly as this glucose analog may be delivered by local topical delivery. In this chapter, methods for in vivo epithelial imaging in a preclinical hamster model for oral cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia are described. Outlined are methods for preparation and in vivo delivery of 2-NBDG by topical application to the oral mucosa followed by fluorescence imaging to compare fluorescence responses between neoplasia and control mucosa or to monitor changes in fluorescence signal with time in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Villarreal
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Advanced Bio-optics Imaging Lab, and Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Advanced Bio-optics Imaging Lab, and Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Suresh V, Sundaram R, Dash P, Sabat SC, Mohapatra D, Mohanty S, Vasudevan D, Senapati S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor of Syrian golden hamster shares structural and functional similarity with human counterpart and promotes pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15507. [PMID: 31664114 PMCID: PMC6820718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that increasingly is being studied in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Though murine models have been instrumental in understanding the functional role of MIF in different pathological conditions, the information obtained from these models is biased towards a specific species. In experimental science, results obtained from multiple clinically relevant animal models always provide convincing data that might recapitulate in humans. Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), is a clinically relevant animal model for multiple human diseases. Hence, the major objectives of this study were to characterize the structure and function of Mesocricetus auratus MIF (MaMIF) and finally evaluate its effect on pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Initially, the recombinant MaMIF was cloned, expressed and purified in a bacterial expression system. The MaMIF primary sequence, biochemical properties, and crystal structure analysis showed greater similarity with human MIF. The crystal structure of MaMIF illustrates that it forms a homotrimer as known in human and mouse. However, MaMIF exhibits some minor structural variations when compared to human and mouse MIF. The in vitro functional studies show that MaMIF has tautomerase activity and enhances activation and migration of hamster peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Interestingly, injection of MaMIF into HapT1 pancreatic tumor-bearing hamsters significantly enhanced the tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Together, the current study shows a structural and functional similarity between the hamster and human MIF. Moreover, it has demonstrated that a high level of circulating MIF originating from non-tumor cells might also promote pancreatic tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voddu Suresh
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajivgandhi Sundaram
- Macromolecular Crystallography Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pujarini Dash
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Surendra Chandra Sabat
- Molecular Biology of Abiotic Stress Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sneha Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dileep Vasudevan
- Macromolecular Crystallography Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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