1
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Edenius M, Farbrot A, Blom A, Celander MC. Delayed clearance of the pro-carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene in PLHC-1 cells when co-exposed to the antifungal drug clotrimazole and effects on the CYP1A biomarker. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105767. [PMID: 38122908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1 A (CYP1A) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in animals, and a biomarker for environmental PAH exposure. The common antimycotic imidazole drug clotrimazole (CLO) has been detected in the aquatic environment and likely co-exists with BaP. Like BaP, CLO can bind to CYP1A enzymes and can act as a CYP1A inhibitor. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO significantly delayed BaP elimination in a fish liver cell line (PLHC-1). Intracellular BaP concentration was 2.4 times higher after 6 h in co-exposed cells, compared to cells exposed to BaP alone. Higher BaP concentrations in cells co-exposed to CLO positively correlated with CLO dose, indicating CLO-mediated delays in BaP clearance. After 24 h, BaP was undetectable irrespective of CLO co-exposure. In contrast, intracellular CLO concentrations remained constant over the 72 h experimental period. Co-exposure of BaP with CLO caused synergistic and time-dependent increases on the CYP1A biomarker both on CYP1A mRNA levels and on CYP1A enzyme activity, in accordance with an apparent delayed BaP elimination in the presence of CLO. These results indicate a toxicokinetic interaction between BaP and CLO on the CYP1A enzyme that delays metabolic clearance of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Edenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Farbrot
- Occupational and Environment Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anders Blom
- Occupational and Environment Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Kovalent AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Malin C Celander
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2
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Bhalla D, van Noort V. Molecular Evolution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway Genes. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:628-646. [PMID: 37392220 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is an ancient transcriptional factor originally discovered as a sensor of dioxin. In addition to its function as a receptor of environmental toxicants, it plays an important role in development. Although a significant amount of research has been carried out to understand the AHR signal transduction pathway and its involvement in species' susceptibility to environmental toxicants, none of them to date has comprehensively studied its evolutionary origins. Studying the evolutionary origins of molecules can inform ancestral relationships of genes. The vertebrate genome has been shaped by two rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD) at the base of vertebrate evolution approximately 600 million years ago, followed by lineage-specific gene losses, which often complicate the assignment of orthology. It is crucial to understand the evolutionary origins of this transcription factor and its partners, to distinguish orthologs from ancient non-orthologous homologs. In this study, we have investigated the evolutionary origins of proteins involved in the AHR pathway. Our results provide evidence of gene loss and duplications, crucial for understanding the functional connectivity of humans and model species. Multiple studies have shown that 2R-ohnologs (genes and proteins that have survived from the 2R-WGD) are enriched in signaling components relevant to developmental disorders and cancer. Our findings provide a link between the AHR pathway's evolutionary trajectory and its potential mechanistic involvement in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bhalla
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vera van Noort
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Eide M, Goksøyr A, Yadetie F, Gilabert A, Bartosova Z, Frøysa HG, Fallahi S, Zhang X, Blaser N, Jonassen I, Bruheim P, Alendal G, Brun M, Porte C, Karlsen OA. Integrative omics-analysis of lipid metabolism regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a and b agonists in male Atlantic cod. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129089. [PMID: 37035678 PMCID: PMC10073473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is essential in maintaining energy homeostasis in multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, NR1C) regulate the expression of many genes involved in these processes. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an important fish species in the North Atlantic ecosystem and in human nutrition, with a highly fatty liver. Here we study the involvement of Atlantic cod Ppar a and b subtypes in systemic regulation of lipid metabolism using two model agonists after in vivo exposure. WY-14,643, a specific PPARA ligand in mammals, activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 in vitro. In vivo, WY-14,643 caused a shift in lipid transport both at transcriptional and translational level in cod. However, WY-14,643 induced fewer genes in the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway compared to that observed in rodents. Although GW501516 serves as a specific PPARB/D ligand in mammals, this compound activated cod Ppara1 and Ppara2 as well as Pparb in vitro. In vivo, it further induced transcription of Ppar target genes and caused changes in lipid composition of liver and plasma. The integrative approach provide a foundation for understanding how Ppars are engaged in regulating lipid metabolism in Atlantic cod physiology. We have shown that WY-14,643 and GW501516 activate Atlantic cod Ppara and Pparb, affect genes in lipid metabolism pathways, and induce changes in the lipid composition in plasma and liver microsomal membranes. Particularly, the combined transcriptomic, proteomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that effects of WY-14,643 on lipid metabolism are similar to what is known in mammalian studies, suggesting conservation of Ppara functions in mediating lipid metabolic processes in fish. The alterations in the lipid profiles observed after Ppar agonist exposure suggest that other chemicals with similar Ppar receptor affinities may cause disturbances in the lipid regulation of fish. Model organism: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:389BE401-2718-4CF2-BBAE-2E13A97A5E7B. COL Identifier: 6K72F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Anders Goksøyr,
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alejandra Gilabert
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Science, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard G. Frøysa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | - Shirin Fallahi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guttorm Alendal
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Brun
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cinta Porte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Søderstrøm S, Lille-Langøy R, Yadetie F, Rauch M, Milinski A, Dejaegere A, Stote RH, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Agonistic and potentiating effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107203. [PMID: 35364415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity mediated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), has been linked to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppar) in many vertebrates. Here, we present the primary structures, phylogeny, and tissue-specific distributions of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) gmPpara1, gmPpara2, gmPparb, and gmPparg, and demonstrate that the carboxylic acids PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, as well as the sulfonic acid PFHxS, activate gmPpara1 in vitro, which was also supported by in silico analyses. Intriguingly, a binary mixture of PFOA and the non-activating PFOS produced a higher activation of gmPpara1 compared to PFOA alone, suggesting that PFOS has a potentiating effect on receptor activation. Supporting the experimental data, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of single and double-ligand complexes led to the identification of a putative allosteric binding site, which upon binding of PFOS stabilizes an active conformation of gmPpara1. Notably, binary exposures of gmPpara1, gmPpara2, and gmPparb to model-agonists and PFAAs produced similar potentiating effects. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PFAAs may modulate the Ppar signaling pathway by either binding the canonical ligand-binding pocket or by interacting with an allosteric binding site. Thus, individual PFAAs, or mixtures, could potentially modulate the Ppar-signaling pathway in Atlantic cod by interfering with at least one gmPpar subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Søderstrøm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mateusz Rauch
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Milinski
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Machado AM, Gomes-dos-Santos A, Fonseca MM, da Fonseca RR, Veríssimo A, Felício M, Capela R, Alves N, Santos M, Salvador-Caramelo F, Domingues M, Ruivo R, Froufe E, Castro LFC. A genome assembly of the Atlantic chub mackerel ( Scomber colias): a valuable teleost fishing resource. GIGABYTE 2022; 2022:gigabyte40. [PMID: 36824513 PMCID: PMC9650269 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias (Gmelin, 1789), is a medium-sized pelagic fish with substantial importance in the fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Over the past decade, this species has gained special relevance, being one of the main targets of pelagic fisheries in the NE Atlantic. Here, we sequenced and annotated the first high-quality draft genome assembly of S. colias, produced with PacBio HiFi long reads and Illumina paired-end short reads. The estimated genome size is 814 Mbp, distributed into 2,028 scaffolds and 2,093 contigs with an N50 length of 4.19 and 3.34 Mbp, respectively. We annotated 27,675 protein-coding genes and the BUSCO analyses indicated high completeness, with 97.3% of the single-copy orthologs in the Actinopterygii library profile. The present genome assembly represents a valuable resource to address the biology and management of this relevant fishery. Finally, this genome assembly ranks fourth in high-quality genome assemblies within the order Scombriformes and first in the genus Scomber.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M. Machado
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - André Gomes-dos-Santos
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Fonseca
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute R. da Fonseca
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Veríssimo
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal,BIOPOLIS - Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mónica Felício
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Portugal
| | - Ricardo Capela
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Nélson Alves
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Santos
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Salvador-Caramelo
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos Domingues
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto – University of Porto, Porto, Portugal,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, U. Porto - University of Porto, Portugal, Corresponding author. E-mail: ;
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6
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Aranguren-Abadía L, Yadetie F, Donald CE, Sørhus E, Myklatun LE, Zhang X, Lie KK, Perrichon P, Nakken CL, Durif C, Shema S, Browman HI, Skiftesvik AB, Goksøyr A, Meier S, Karlsen OA. Photo-enhanced toxicity of crude oil on early developmental stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150697. [PMID: 34610396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photo-enhanced toxicity of crude oil is produced by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos were exposed to crude oil with and without UV radiation (290-400 nm) from 3 days post fertilization (dpf) until 6 dpf. Embryos from the co-exposure experiment were continually exposed to UV radiation until hatching at 11 dpf. Differences in body burden levels and cyp1a expression in cod embryos were observed between the exposure regimes. High doses of crude oil produced increased mortality in cod co-exposed embryos, as well as craniofacial malformations and heart deformities in larvae from both experiments. A higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways were revealed in the co-exposure experiment, indicating a photo-enhanced effect of crude oil toxicity. Our results provide mechanistic insights into crude oil and photo-enhanced crude oil toxicity, suggesting that UV radiation increases the toxicity of crude oil in early life stages of Atlantic cod.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai K Lie
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Caroline Durif
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | - Steven Shema
- Grótti ehf., Grundarstíg 4, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Howard I Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | | | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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7
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Xenobiotic metabolism and its physiological consequences in high-Antarctic Notothenioid fishes. Polar Biol 2021; 45:345-358. [PMID: 35221461 PMCID: PMC8818001 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic ecosystem is progressively exposed to anthropogenic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, it is largely unknown if PAHs leave a mark in the physiology of high-Antarctic fish. We approached this issue via two avenues: first, we examined the functional response of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a molecular initiating event of many toxic effects of PAHs in biota. Chionodraco hamatus and Trematomus loennbergii served as representatives for high-Antarctic Notothenioids, and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua as non-polar reference species. We sequenced and cloned the Ahr ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Notothenioids and deployed a GAL4-based luciferase reporter gene assay expressing the Ahr LBD. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), beta-naphthoflavone and chrysene were used as ligands for the reporter gene assay. Second, we investigated the energetic costs of Ahr activation in isolated liver cells of the Notothenioids during acute, non-cytotoxic BaP exposure. In the reporter assay, the Ahr LBD of Atlantic cod and the Antarctic Notothenioids were activated by the ligands tested herein. In the in vitro assays with isolated liver cells of high-Antarctic Notothenioids, BaP exposure had no effect on overall respiration, but caused shifts in the respiration dedicated to protein synthesis. Thus, our study demonstrated that high-Antarctic fish possess a functional Ahr that can be ligand-activated in a concentration-dependent manner by environmental contaminants. This is associated with altered cost for cellular protein synthesis. Future studies have to show if the toxicant-induced activation of the Ahr pathway may lead to altered organism performance of Antarctic fish.
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8
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Goksøyr SØ, Sørensen H, Grøsvik BE, Pampanin DM, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Toxicity assessment of urban marine sediments from Western Norway using a battery of stress-activated receptors and cell-based bioassays from fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103704. [PMID: 34273545 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A luciferase reporter gene-based bioassay battery consisting of stress-activated receptors from fish, complemented with traditional fish cell-based bioassays, were used to assess the toxicity of marine sediment samples from the Byfjorden area around the city of Bergen (Norway). The reporter assays covered a wide range of cellular signalling and metabolic pathways, representing different molecular initiating events in the adverse outcome pathway framework. Cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen-species, and induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were analysed using fish liver and gill cell lines. Chemical analyses of the sediment extracts revealed complex contamination profiles, especially at the innermost stations, which contained a wide array of persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Sediment extracts from these sites were more potent in activating the stress-activated receptors than the other extracts, reflecting their toxicant profiles. Importantly, receptor- and cell-based bioassays complemented the chemical analyses and provided important data for future environmental risk assessments of urban marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene Sørensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
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9
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Segner H, Bailey C, Tafalla C, Bo J. Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics in Fish: A Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179460. [PMID: 34502366 PMCID: PMC8430475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic contaminants on the immune system of fishes is an issue of growing concern. An important xenobiotic receptor that mediates effects of chemicals, such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Fish toxicological research has focused on the role of this receptor in xenobiotic biotransformation as well as in causing developmental, cardiac, and reproductive toxicity. However, biomedical research has unraveled an important physiological role of the AhR in the immune system, what suggests that this receptor could be involved in immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. The aims of the present review are to critically discuss the available knowledge on (i) the expression and possible function of the AhR in the immune systems of teleost fishes; and (ii) the impact of AhR-activating xenobiotics on the immune systems of fish at the levels of immune gene expression, immune cell proliferation and immune cell function, immune pathology, and resistance to infectious disease. The existing information indicates that the AhR is expressed in the fish immune system, but currently, we have little understanding of its physiological role. Exposure to AhR-activating contaminants results in the modulation of numerous immune structural and functional parameters of fish. Despite the diversity of fish species studied and the experimental conditions investigated, the published findings rather uniformly point to immunosuppressive actions of xenobiotic AhR ligands in fish. These effects are often associated with increased disease susceptibility. The fact that fish populations from HAH- and PAH-contaminated environments suffer immune disturbances and elevated disease susceptibility highlights that the immunotoxic effects of AhR-activating xenobiotics bear environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Farkas J, Khan EA, Oteri E, Kvæstad B, Faksness LG, Daling PS, Arukwe A. Toxicity and developmental effects of Arctic fuel oil types on early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105881. [PMID: 34139396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban in Arctic maritime transport and new legislations restricting the sulphur content of fuel oils, new fuel oil types are continuously developed. However, the potential impacts of these new fuel oil types on marine ecosystems during accidental spills are largely unknown. In this study, we studied the toxicity of three marine fuel oils (two marine gas oils with low sulphur contents and a heavy fuel oil) in early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua). Embryos were exposed for 4 days to water-soluble fractions of fuel oils at concentrations ranging from 4.1 - 128.3 µg TPAH/L, followed by recovery in clean seawater until 17 days post fertilization. Exposure to all three fuel oils resulted in developmental toxicity, including severe morphological changes, deformations and cardiotoxicity. To assess underlying molecular mechanisms, we studied fuel oil-mediated activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene battery and genes related to cardiovascular, angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways. Overall, our results suggest comparable mechanisms of toxicity for the three fuel oils. All fuel oils caused concentration-dependant increases of cyp1a mRNA which paralleled ahrr, but not ahr1b transcript expression. On the angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways, fuel oils produced concentration-specific transcriptional effects that were either increasing or decreasing, compared to control embryos. Based on the observed toxic responses, toxicity threshold values were estimated for individual endpoints to assess the most sensitive molecular and physiological effects, suggesting that unresolved petrogenic components may be significant contributors to the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Essa A Khan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Oteri
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Eide M, Zhang X, Karlsen OA, Goldstone JV, Stegeman J, Jonassen I, Goksøyr A. The chemical defensome of five model teleost fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10546. [PMID: 34006915 PMCID: PMC8131381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How an organism copes with chemicals is largely determined by the genes and proteins that collectively function to defend against, detoxify and eliminate chemical stressors. This integrative network includes receptors and transcription factors, biotransformation enzymes, transporters, antioxidants, and metal- and heat-responsive genes, and is collectively known as the chemical defensome. Teleost fish is the largest group of vertebrate species and can provide valuable insights into the evolution and functional diversity of defensome genes. We have previously shown that the xenosensing pregnane x receptor (pxr, nr1i2) is lost in many teleost species, including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), but it is not known if compensatory mechanisms or signaling pathways have evolved in its absence. In this study, we compared the genes comprising the chemical defensome of five fish species that span the teleosteii evolutionary branch often used as model species in toxicological studies and environmental monitoring programs: zebrafish (Danio rerio), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), Atlantic cod, and three-spined stickleback. Genome mining revealed evolved differences in the number and composition of defensome genes that can have implication for how these species sense and respond to environmental pollutants, but we did not observe any candidates of compensatory mechanisms or pathways in cod and stickleback in the absence of pxr. The results indicate that knowledge regarding the diversity and function of the defensome will be important for toxicological testing and risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - John Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Burkina V, Zamaratskaia G, Sakalli S, Giang PT, Zlabek V, Rasmussen MK. Tissue-specific expression and activity of cytochrome P450 1A and 3A in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:1-10. [PMID: 33429014 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piscine cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Xenobiotics often act as inducers of CYP1A1 and CYP3A expression and activity in fish. We compared constitutive mRNA expression of CYP1A1, CYP3A27, and CYP3A45 and catalytic activity of CYP1A (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, EROD) and CYP3A-like (benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-O-debenzyloxylation, BFCOD) enzymes in the following six rainbow trout tissues: liver, gill, heart, brain, intestine, and gonad. mRNA expression and activity were present in all investigated tissues. The CYP1A1 mRNA expression was higher in the liver, gill, heart, and brain compared to gonad and intestine. The intestine was the main site of CYP3A27 and CYP3A45 expression. The highest EROD and BFCOD activity was observed in liver tissue followed in descending order by heart, brain, gill, intestine, and gonad. Such differences might be related to the role of CYP physiological functions in the specific tissue. Rainbow trout exposure to 50 mg/kg of β-naphthoflavone for 48 h resulted in a 7.5- and 5.9-fold increase in liver EROD and BFCOD activity, respectively. In vitro EROD activity inhibition with ellipticine showed tissue-specific inhibition, while ketoconazole decreased BFCOD activity by 50-98 % in all tissues. Further studies are needed to identify all CYP isoforms that are responsible for these activities and modes of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Burkina
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Molecular Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sidika Sakalli
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Pham Thai Giang
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Research Institute for Aquaculture No 1, Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Viet Nam
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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13
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Hanna EM, Zhang X, Eide M, Fallahi S, Furmanek T, Yadetie F, Zielinski DC, Goksøyr A, Jonassen I. ReCodLiver0.9: Overcoming Challenges in Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of a Non-model Species. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:591406. [PMID: 33324679 PMCID: PMC7726423 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.591406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences, annotations, and knowledge of the biochemistry underlying metabolic transformations has led to the generation of metabolic network reconstructions for a wide range of organisms in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. When modeled using mathematical representations, a reconstruction can simulate underlying genotype-phenotype relationships. Accordingly, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to predict the response of organisms to genetic and environmental variations. A bottom-up reconstruction procedure typically starts by generating a draft model from existing annotation data on a target organism. For model species, this part of the process can be straightforward, due to the abundant organism-specific biochemical data. However, the process becomes complicated for non-model less-annotated species. In this paper, we present a draft liver reconstruction, ReCodLiver0.9, of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a non-model teleost fish, as a practicable guide for cases with comparably few resources. Although the reconstruction is considered a draft version, we show that it already has utility in elucidating metabolic response mechanisms to environmental toxicants by mapping gene expression data of exposure experiments to the resulting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Marie Hanna
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shirin Fallahi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Craig Zielinski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Fonseca E, Machado AM, Vilas-Arrondo N, Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Veríssimo A, Esteves P, Almeida T, Themudo G, Ruivo R, Pérez M, da Fonseca R, Santos MM, Froufe E, Román-Marcote E, Venkatesh B, Castro LFC. Cartilaginous fishes offer unique insights into the evolution of the nuclear receptor gene repertoire in gnathostomes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 295:113527. [PMID: 32526329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key transcription factors that originated in the common ancestor of metazoans. The vast majority of NRs are triggered by binding to either endogenous (e.g. retinoic acid) or exogenous (e.g. xenobiotics) ligands, and their evolution and expansion is tightly linked to the function of endocrine systems. Importantly, they represent classic targets of physiological exploitation by endocrine disrupting chemicals. The NR gene repertoire in different lineages has been shaped by gene loss, duplication and mutation, denoting a dynamic evolutionary route. As the earliest diverging class of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), cartilaginous fishes offer an exceptional opportunity to address the early diversification of NR gene families and the evolution of the endocrine system in jawed vertebrates. Here we provide an exhaustive analysis into the NR gene composition in five elasmobranch (sharks and rays) and two holocephalan (chimaeras) species. For this purpose, we generated also a low coverage draft genome assembly of the chimaera small-eyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis. We show that cartilaginous fish retain an archetypal NR gene repertoire, similar to that of mammals and coincident with the two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred in the gnathostome ancestor. Furthermore, novel gene members of the non-canonical NR0B receptors were found in the genomes of this lineage. Our findings provide an essential view into the early diversification of NRs in gnathostomes, paving the way for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Fonseca
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nair Vilas-Arrondo
- AQUACOV, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Spain; UVIGO, phD Program "Marine Science, Tehchology and Management" (Do *MAR), Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
| | - André Gomes-Dos-Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Veríssimo
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associate Laboratory, U.Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Esteves
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; UVIGO, phD Program "Marine Science, Tehchology and Management" (Do *MAR), Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
| | - Tereza Almeida
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associate Laboratory, U.Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Themudo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Montse Pérez
- AQUACOV, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rute da Fonseca
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Esther Román-Marcote
- AQUACOV, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, U.Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Ibor OR, Eni G, Andem AB, Bassey IU, Arong GA, Asor J, Regoli F, Arukwe A. Biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in relation to tissue contaminant burden in Clarias gariepinus exposed to simulated leachate from a solid waste dumpsite in Calabar, Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126630. [PMID: 32278189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in relation to tissue contaminant burden in the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to simulated leachate from a solid waste dumpsite in Calabar, Nigeria. Fish were exposed to simulated leachate, diluted to 0:0 (negative control), 1:10, 1:50, 1:100 and phenanthrene (a PAH: 50 μg/L used as a positive control) for 3, 7 and 14 days. Hepatic transcripts for cat, sod1, gpx1, gr, gst, cyp1a, cyp2d3, and cyp27 were analyzed by real-time PCR, while enzymatic assays for ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), buthoxyresorufin O-deethylase (BROD), methoxyresorufin O-deethylase (MROD), pentoxyresorufin O-deethylase (PROD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and lipid peroxidase (LPO) were measured using standard methods. In addition, protein expression for CYP1A, CYP3A and metallotheionin (MT) were measured by immunoblotting. Fish muscle samples were analyzed for selected group of contaminants after 14 days exposure showing significantly high uptake of heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorophenols, organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate pesticides in exposed fish. We observed significant concentration- and time-specific increases in biotransformation and oxidative stress responses at transcript and functional (enzyme and protein) levels, that paralleled tissue contaminants bioaccumulation patterns, after exposure to the simulated leachates. Our results highlighted the potential environmental, wildlife and public health consequences from improper solid waste disposal. In addition, it also provides a scientific basis for local sensitization and inform legislative decisions and policy formulation towards sustainable environmental management of solid wastes in Nigeria and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - George Eni
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Andem B Andem
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ini U Bassey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel A Arong
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Joe Asor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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16
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Salanga MC, Brun NR, Francolini RD, Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV. CRISPR-Cas9-Mutated Pregnane X Receptor (pxr) Retains Pregnenolone-induced Expression of cyp3a65 in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae. Toxicol Sci 2020; 174:51-62. [PMID: 31868891 PMCID: PMC7043230 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor that regulates transcriptional responses to drug or xenobiotic exposure, including induction of CYP3A transcription, in many vertebrate species. PXR is activated by a wide range of ligands that differ across species, making functional studies on its role in the chemical defensome most relevant when approached in a species-specific manner. Knockout studies in mammals have shown a requirement for PXR in ligand-dependent activation of CYP3A expression or reporter gene activity. Morpholino knockdown of Pxr in zebrafish indicated a similar requirement. Here, we report on the generation of 2 zebrafish lines each carrying a heritable deletion in the pxr coding region, predicted to result in loss of a functional gene product. To our surprise, larvae homozygous for either of the pxr mutant alleles retain their ability to induce cyp3a65 mRNA expression following exposure to the established zebrafish Pxr ligand, pregnenolone. Thus, zebrafish carrying pxr alleles with deletions in either the DNA binding or the ligand-binding domains did not yield a loss-of-function phenotype, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism is responsible for cyp3a65 induction. Alternative possibilities are that Pxr is not required for the induction of selected genes, or that truncated yet functional mutant Pxr is sufficient for the downstream transcriptional effects. It is crucial that we develop a better understanding for the role of Pxr in this important biomedical test species. This study highlights the potential for compensatory mechanisms to avoid deleterious effects arising from gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Salanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Nadja R Brun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Rene D Francolini
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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17
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Aranguren-Abadía L, Lille-Langøy R, Madsen AK, Karchner SI, Franks DG, Yadetie F, Hahn ME, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Molecular and Functional Properties of the Atlantic Cod ( Gadus morhua) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors Ahr1a and Ahr2a. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1033-1044. [PMID: 31852180 PMCID: PMC7003535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vertebrates. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has recently emerged as a model organism in environmental toxicology studies, and increased knowledge of Ahr-mediated responses to xenobiotics is imperative. Genome mining and phylogenetic analyses revealed two Ahr-encoding genes in the Atlantic cod genome, gmahr1a and gmahr2a. In vitro binding assays showed that both gmAhr proteins bind to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), but stronger binding to gmAhr1a was observed. Transactivation studies with a reporter gene assay revealed that gmAhr1a is one order of magnitude more sensitive to TCDD than gmAhr2a, but the maximal responses of the receptors were similar. Other well-known Ahr agonists, such as β-naphthoflavone (BNF), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), also activated the gmAhr proteins, but gmAhr1a was, in general, the more sensitive receptor and produced the highest efficacies. The induction of cyp1a in exposed precision-cut cod liver slices confirmed the activation of the Ahr signaling pathway ex vivo. In conclusion, the differences in transcriptional activation by gmAhr's with various agonists, the distinct binding properties with TCDD and BNF, and the distinct tissue-specific expression profiles indicate different functional specializations of the Atlantic cod Ahr's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sibel I. Karchner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diana G. Franks
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Evolutionary Plasticity in Detoxification Gene Modules: The Preservation and Loss of the Pregnane X Receptor in Chondrichthyes Lineages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092331. [PMID: 31083458 PMCID: PMC6539745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To appraise how evolutionary processes, such as gene duplication and loss, influence an organism's xenobiotic sensitivity is a critical question in toxicology. Of particular importance are gene families involved in the mediation of detoxification responses, such as members of the nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I (NR1I), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). While documented in multiple vertebrate genomes, PXR and CAR display an intriguing gene distribution. PXR is absent in birds and reptiles, while CAR shows a tetrapod-specific occurrence. More elusive is the presence of PXR and CAR gene orthologs in early branching and ecologically-important Chondrichthyes (chimaeras, sharks and rays). Therefore, we investigated various genome projects and use them to provide the first identification and functional characterization of a Chondrichthyan PXR from the chimaera elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii, Holocephali). Additionally, we substantiate the targeted PXR gene loss in Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays). Compared to other vertebrate groups, the chimaera PXR ortholog displays a diverse expression pattern (skin and gills) and a unique activation profile by classical xenobiotic ligands. Our findings provide insights into the molecular landscape of detoxification mechanisms and suggest lineage-specific adaptations in response to xenobiotics in gnathostome evolution.
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19
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Capitão AMF, Lopes-Marques MS, Ishii Y, Ruivo R, Fonseca ESS, Páscoa I, Jorge RP, Barbosa MAG, Hiromori Y, Miyagi T, Nakanishi T, Santos MM, Castro LFC. Evolutionary Exploitation of Vertebrate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ by Organotins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13951-13959. [PMID: 30398865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally persistent man-made chemicals display ever-growing ecosystemic consequences, a hallmark of the Anthropocene epoch. In this context, the assessment of how lineage-specific gene repertoires influence organism sensitivity toward endocrine disruptors is a central question in toxicology. A striking example highlights the role of a group of compounds known as obesogens. In mammals, most examples involve the modulation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). To address the structural and biological determinants of PPARγ exploitation by a model obesogen, tributyltin (TBT), in chordates, we employed comparative genomics, transactivation and ligand binding assays, homology modeling, and site-directed-mutagenesis. We show that the emergence of multiple PPARs (α, β and γ) in vertebrate ancestry coincides with the acquisition of TBT agonist affinity, as can be deduced from the conserved transactivation and binding affinity of the chondrichthyan and mammalian PPARγ. The amphioxus single-copy PPAR is irresponsive to TBT; as well as the investigated teleosts, this is a probable consequence of a specific mutational remodeling of the ligand binding pocket. Our findings endorse the modulatory ability of man-made chemicals and suggest an evolutionarily diverse setting, with impacts for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M F Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Mónica S Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Yoichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Elza S S Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Rodolfo P Jorge
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Mélanie A G Barbosa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Suzuka University of Medical Science 3500-3 Minamitamagaki , Suzuka , Mie 513-8670 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyagi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
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