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Sharifi S, Shi S, Dong X, Obaid H, He X, Gu X. Variations in Nitrogen Accumulation and Use Efficiency in Maize Differentiate with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Contrasting Fertilizer Placement Methodologies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3870. [PMID: 38005767 PMCID: PMC10674934 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Balanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates, coupled with rational fertilization methodology, could promote crop N accumulation, N use efficiency, and yield production, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. To test these characteristics, a two-year (2018 and 2019) pot experiment was performed by growing summer maize in a rain-proof glass greenhouse under nine combined N (112, 150, and 187 kg ha-1, urea) and P (45, 60, and 75 kg ha-1 calcium superphosphate) rates and three contrasting fertilizer placements. The fertilizers were placed by broadcast on the soil surface (Broadcast), a side band on a 4 cm strip of soil surface within 7 cm from the sowing line (Side band), and a deep band on a 4 cm strip below 7 cm soil depth within 7 cm from the sowing line (Deep band). Results from three maize growth stages (eight-leaf, 45 days after sowing, DAS; tasseling, 60 DAS; and harvest, 115 DAS) showed that leaf, stem, root N accumulation, and total soil N were significantly increased under Deep band than under both Side band and Broadcast at N150P60, N187P60, N150P75, and N187P75, but not at N112P45, N150P45, N187P45, N112P60, and N112P75. Significantly greater leaf, stem, and root N accumulations were also displayed at N150 and N187 than at N112 for the same P60 or P75 under the Deep band at 60 DAS and 115 DAS; while for leaf and stem, N accumulations were greater at P75 and P60 than at P45 for the same N150 under Deep band at 45 DAS, 60 DAS, and 115 DAS. Significantly greater agronomy N use efficiency, partial factor productivity, and N use efficiency were exhibited under the Deep band than under the Side band and Broadcast at N150P75 and N187P75, but at N150P60 and N187P60 for NUE only. In addition, leaf, stem, seed, and root N concentrations positively correlated with their own N accumulations or soil N concentrations at the tasseling and harvest stages. Our results demonstrate that a synchronized N150P60, N187P60, N150P75, or N187P75 fertilization rate with Deep band placement can improve soil N availability and root N uptake, and thereby, increase aboveground N accumulation, N use efficiency, and yield production of maize, which is particularly practical for small-holder farmers globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifullah Sharifi
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (S.S.); (X.D.); (H.O.)
- Department of Soil Science and Irrigation Management, Faculty of Plant Sciences, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan
| | - Songmei Shi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xingshui Dong
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (S.S.); (X.D.); (H.O.)
| | - Hikmatullah Obaid
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (S.S.); (X.D.); (H.O.)
- Department of Soil Science and Irrigation Management, Faculty of Plant Sciences, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan
| | - Xinhua He
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (S.S.); (X.D.); (H.O.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 90616, USA
| | - Xirong Gu
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (S.S.); (X.D.); (H.O.)
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Yokamo S, Irfan M, Huan W, Wang B, Wang Y, Ishfaq M, Lu D, Chen X, Cai Q, Wang H. Global evaluation of key factors influencing nitrogen fertilization efficiency in wheat: a recent meta-analysis (2000-2022). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1272098. [PMID: 37965011 PMCID: PMC10642427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) without compromising yield remains a crucial agroecological challenge in theory and practice. Some meta-analyses conducted in recent years investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on crop yield and gaseous emissions, but most are region-specific and focused on N sources and application methods. However, various factors affecting yield and N fertilizer efficiency in wheat crops on a global scale are not extensively studied, thus highlighting the need for a comprehensive meta-analysis. Using 109 peer-reviewed research studies (published between 2000 and 2022) from 156 experimental sites (covering 36.8, 38.6 and 24.6% of coarse, medium, and fine texture soils, respectively), we conducted a global meta-analysis to elucidate suitable N management practices and the key factors influencing N fertilization efficiency in wheat as a function of yield and recovery efficiency and also explained future perspectives for efficient N management in wheat crop. Overall, N fertilization had a significant impact on wheat yield. A curvilinear relationship was found between N rates and grain yield, whereas maximum yield improvement was illustrated at 150-300 kg N ha-1. In addition, N increased yield by 92.18% under direct soil incorporation, 87.55% under combined chemical and organic fertilizers application, and 72.86% under split application. Site-specific covariates (climatic conditions and soil properties) had a pronounced impact on N fertilization efficiency. A significantly higher yield response was observed in regions with MAP > 800 mm, and where MAT remained < 15 °C. Additionally, the highest yield response was observed with initial AN, AP and AK concentrations at < 20, < 10 and 100-150 mg kg-1, respectively, and yield response considerably declined with increasing these threshold values. Nevertheless, regression analysis revealed a declining trend in N recovery efficiency (REN) and the addition of N in already fertile soils may affect plant uptake and RE. Global REN in wheat remained at 49.78% and followed a negative trend with the further increase of N supply and improvement in soil properties. Finally, an advanced N management approach such as "root zone targeted fertilization" is suggested to reduce fertilizer application rate and save time and labor costs while achieving high yield and NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Yokamo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiliu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; The State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKL-NUM), Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Diajun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuliang Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China
| | - Huoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Matching of Nitrogen Enhancement and Photosynthetic Efficiency by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Maize (Zea mays L.) in Relation to Organic Fertilizer Type. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030369. [PMID: 35161350 PMCID: PMC8838784 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Funneliformis mosseae (FM), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CE), and Acaulospora foveata (AF) were inoculated to hybrid maize (Zea mays L. cv. CP888®). Upregulation of nitrogen levels were dependent on the type of mycorrhiza (AMF). Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and water content in FM- and AF-inoculated plants were elevated, resulting in promotion of leaf area and shoot biomass. N content in the shoot and root tissues of the FM-inoculated plants increased by 21% and 30% over the control. A positive correlation between biochemical, physiological, and morphological parameters using Pearson’s coefficient was demonstrated. A decline in lipid peroxidation was noticed in the FM-inoculated plants. In addition, we investigated the potential of N fertilizer application in combination with FM inoculation in maize plants. The FM-inoculated plants with organic O_LT, a chicken manure fertilizer, increased N content in the host shoots by 73% over the control, leading to improved Fv/Fm as a physiological adaptation strategy. The FM and the O_LT on the regulation of the N enhancement and photosynthetic efficiency of the hybrid maize should further be validated in field trials in different environments for sustainability.
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Fu W, Wang Y, Ye Y, Zhen S, Zhou B, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Grain Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Different Types of Stay-Green Maize in Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040474. [PMID: 32283610 PMCID: PMC7238017 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The stay-green leaf phenotype is typically associated with increased yields and improved stress resistance in maize breeding, due to higher nitrogen (N) nutrient levels that prolong greenness. The application of N fertilizer can regulate the N status of plants, and furthermore, impact the photosynthetic rates of leaves at the productive stage; however, N deficiencies and N excesses will reduce maize yields. Consequently, it is necessary to develop N fertilizer management strategies for different types of stay-green maize. For this study, the senescent cultivar Lianchuang 808 (LC808), moderate-stay-green cultivar Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), and over stay-green cultivar Denghai 685 (DH685) were selected as experimental models. Our results revealed that yields of ZD958 were slightly higher than DH685 and notably improved over than LC808. Compared with a non-stay-green cultivar LC808, ZD958 and DH685 still maintained higher chlorophyll contents and cell activities following the silking stage, while efficiently slowing the senescence rate. The supply of N fertilizer significantly prolonged leaf greenness and delayed senescence for ZD958 and DH685; however, the effect was not obvious for LC808. The stem remobilization efficiency of N was higher in the moderate-stay-green cultivar ZD958, in contrast to LC808, while the transfer of leaf N was lower than LC808, which guaranteed high leaf N levels, and that sufficient N was transferred to grains in ZD958. To obtain the highest yields, the optimal N fertilizer rates were 228.1 kg hm−2 for LC0808, 180 kg hm−2 for ZD958, and 203.8 kg hm−2 for DH685. In future, the selection of stay-green type crops might serve as an important agricultural strategy to reduce the quantity of N fertilizer and increase N efficiency.
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Duan J, Shao Y, He L, Li X, Hou G, Li S, Feng W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xie Y. Optimizing nitrogen management to achieve high yield, high nitrogen efficiency and low nitrogen emission in winter wheat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134088. [PMID: 31487591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving both high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) simultaneously is a current research hotspot in crop production. To investigate approaches for achieving high yield and NUE, field experiments using N fertilizer rates of 0, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg N ha-1 were conducted to study relationships between yield, N uptake and N efficiency during three wheat growing seasons from 2013 to 2016 in three experimental sites (Shangshui, Kaifeng and Wenxian) in the Huang-Huai Plain. Yield, biomass and N concentrations of plants and soil were determined. The results indicated that increased N application would affect soil N residue and increase N2O emission, suitable N application rate (N240-N268) contributed to maintaining soil fertility and reducing N2O emission for achieving high yield, high NUE and low N2O emission. High plant N accumulation (PNA) during jointing to anthesis had the best correlation coefficient with yield and NUE compared to other growth stages, which contributed to achieving high yield and NUE simultaneously. The dry matter produced by a unit of N was defined as N productivity, such as plant N net phase productivity (PNPn) and leaf N productivity (LNP). High PNPn during jointing to anthesis was significantly related to both yield and NUE. The LNP indicator (i.e. photosynthetic N use efficiency, PNUE) in the flag showed significant correlation with both yield and NUE after booting under high PNA levels. These results suggest that PNPn and PNUE could combine high yield and high NUE under high PNA conditions. Besides, to match soil N supply to plant N demand, optimum soil nitrate N accumulation and alkali-hydrolysable N (AHN) content ranges were determined. This study provides a theoretical basis to achieve high yield, high NUE and low N2O emission for N management in wheat field production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yunhui Shao
- Wheat Research Center of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Gege Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Yunji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
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Shang Z, Zhou F, Smith P, Saikawa E, Ciais P, Chang J, Tian H, Del Grosso SJ, Ito A, Chen M, Wang Q, Bo Y, Cui X, Castaldi S, Juszczak R, Kasimir Å, Magliulo V, Medinets S, Medinets V, Rees RM, Wohlfahrt G, Sabbatini S. Weakened growth of cropland-N 2 O emissions in China associated with nationwide policy interventions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3706-3719. [PMID: 31233668 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced rapid agricultural development over recent decades, accompanied by increased fertilizer consumption in croplands; yet, the trend and drivers of the associated nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions remain uncertain. The primary sources of this uncertainty are the coarse spatial variation of activity data and the incomplete model representation of N2 O emissions in response to agricultural management. Here, we provide new data-driven estimates of cropland-N2 O emissions across China in 1990-2014, compiled using a global cropland-N2 O flux observation dataset, nationwide survey-based reconstruction of N-fertilization and irrigation, and an updated nonlinear model. In addition, we have evaluated the drivers behind changing cropland-N2 O patterns using an index decomposition analysis approach. We find that China's annual cropland-N2 O emissions increased on average by 11.2 Gg N/year2 (p < .001) from 1990 to 2003, after which emissions plateaued until 2014 (2.8 Gg N/year2 , p = .02), consistent with the output from an ensemble of process-based terrestrial biosphere models. The slowdown of the increase in cropland-N2 O emissions after 2003 was pervasive across two thirds of China's sowing areas. This change was mainly driven by the nationwide reduction in N-fertilizer applied per area, partially due to the prevalence of nationwide technological adoptions. This reduction has almost offset the N2 O emissions induced by policy-driven expansion of sowing areas, particularly in the Northeast Plain and the lower Yangtze River Basin. Our results underline the importance of high-resolution activity data and adoption of nonlinear model of N2 O emission for capturing cropland-N2 O emission changes. Improving the representation of policy interventions is also recommended for future projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Shang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen J Del Grosso
- Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minpeng Chen
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bo
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Simona Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Åsa Kasimir
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- 13I SAFOM-CNR, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, National Research Council, Ercolano, Italy
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Researches, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University (ONU), Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Researches, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University (ONU), Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Sabbatini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Wang J, Yi X, Cui J, Chang Y, Yao D, Zhou D, Yang J, Zhou J, Chan A, Wang W, Yin X. Nonlinear effects of increasing nitrogen deposition on rice growth and heavy metal uptake in a red soil ecosystem of southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:1060-1067. [PMID: 31018421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the population growth, urbanization and industrialization, China has become a hotspot of atmospheric deposition nitrogen (ADN), which is a threat to ecosystem and food safety. However, the impacts of increased ADN on rice growth and grain metal content are little studied. Based on previous long-term ADN studies, greenhouse experiment was conducted with four simulated ADN rates of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (CK, N1, N2 and N3 as δ15N, respectively) to assess rice growth and metal uptake in a red soil ecosystem of southeast China during 2016-2017. Results showed that simulated ADN could promote rice growth and increase yields by 15.68-24.41% (except N2) and accumulations of cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) in organs. However, there was no linear relationship between ADN rate and rice growth or Cd or Cu uptake. The 15N-ADN was mainly accumulated in roots (21.31-67.86%) and grains (25.26-49.35%), while Cd and Cu were primarily accumulated in roots (78.86-93.44% and 90.00-96.24%, respectively). 15N-ADN and Cd accumulations in roots were significantly different between the two growing seasons (p < 0.05), implying the accumulative effects of ADN. Data also indicated the synergetic effect between accumulations of 15N-ADN and soil Cd and Cu. This study demonstrated that increasing ADN could potentially enhance Cd or Cu uptake in rice grain and threaten rice grain safety. However, related nonlinear mechanism is still needed to be discussed between increasing ADN and rice response in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xiu Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
| | - Yajun Chang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Dongrui Yao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - John Yang
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65201, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Andy Chan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Optimal Nitrogen Application Rates of One-Time Root Zone Fertilization and the Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in fertilization methods, including the optimal matching of nutrient supply and root nutrient absorption by applying nitrogen (N) in the root zone of crop, is necessary to improve N use efficiency (NUE), maintain high stable yield cultivation of maize, and contribute toward future environmental protection. The current practice of split surface broadcasting (SSB) of N is labor-intensive and the surface broadcasting causes a large amount of N to leach into the environment, yet it does not substantially increase maize yield. Root zone fertilization (RZF) has been identified as an efficient way to solve such problems. However, information on the appropriate amount of N fertilizer under RZF for summer maize remains limited. Therefore, in this study, a two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016 in Anhui province, China, to investigate the effect of N rate and application method on grain yield, nutrient uptake, and NUE of summer maize. The method chosen is not only important to increase grain yield but also critical for reducing N rate and potential loss in the maize cropping system. The experiment comprised six N rates (90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 360 kg N hm−2) and two N application methods in both 2015 and 2016. The two N application methods included SSB and one-time RZF. Results showed that grain yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of N rate; however, when the N rate increased to 270 kg hm−2, the grain yield increased slowly or even decreased. Compared with SSB, RZF increased grain yield by 4%, and the effect of N on grain yield was mainly related to the number of kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight. One-time RZF increased N apparent recovery efficiency by 18% (7.2 percentage points) compared with SSB and also improved the N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity. In the comprehensive consideration of yield target, NUE, and soil N balance, the optimal N rate for summer maize in the vertisol soil of Anhui province was 180–225 kg hm−2 for one-time RZF, which reduced N fertilizer by 14% compared with the SSB. Overall, one-time RZF has great potential for green and sustainable agriculture, and thus fertilization machines are worthy of development and application in maize cropping systems.
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Jiang C, Lu D, Zu C, Zhou J, Wang H. Root-zone fertilization improves crop yields and minimizes nitrogen loss in summer maize in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15139. [PMID: 30310155 PMCID: PMC6181941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgently to minimize nitrogen (N) loss while simultaneously ensuring high yield for maize in China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of root-zone fertilization (RZF) and split-surface broadcasting (SSB) on grain yield, N use efficiency (NUE), and urea-15N fate under different N rates (135, 180 and 225 kg ha-1). Results showed that RZF increased grain yield by 11.5%, and the N derived from fertilizer (Ndff%) by 13.1-19.6%, compared with SSB. The percentage of residual 15N in the 0-80 cm soil was 37.2-47.4% after harvest; most 15N (64.4-67.4%) was retained in the top 20 cm. RZF significantly increased the N apparent recovery efficiency (NARE) and 15N recovery in maize by 14.3-37.8% and 21.9-30.0%, respectively; while decreased N losses by 11.2-24.2%, compared with SSB. The RZF of urea can be considered a slow-release fertilizer, which better matches maize N demand and effectively reduces N losses. Overall, RZF achieved yields as high as the SSB, but with a 20-25% reduction in N application. These results help improve our understanding of N fate in the maize cropping system, and may help guide recommendations for N management in southeastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China.,Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Chaolong Zu
- Tobacco Research Institute/Maize Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Huoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China.
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