1
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Jain A, Yoffe SR, Ersfeld B, Holt GK, Gupta DN, Jaroszynski DA. The effect of laser pulse evolution on down-ramp injection in laser wakefield accelerators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19127. [PMID: 39155327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron self-injection in laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) is an important determinator of electron beam parameters. Controllable and adjustable LWFA beams are essential for applications. Controlled injection by capturing sheath electrons can be achieved using plasma density down-ramps or bumps, which perturb the LWFA bubble phase velocity by varying the plasma frequency and by affecting relativistic self-focussing of the laser. We report on a comprehensive study, using particle-in-cell simulations, of the effect of laser pulse evolution on injection on density perturbations. We show how the LWFA can be optimised to make it suitable for use in a wide range of applications, in particular those requiring short duration, low slice-emittance and low energy spread, and high-charge electron bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arohi Jain
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Samuel R Yoffe
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Bernhard Ersfeld
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - George K Holt
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Devki Nandan Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
| | - Dino A Jaroszynski
- Department of Physics, SUPA and University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.
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2
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Gyrdymov M, Cikhardt J, Tavana P, Borisenko NG, Gus Kov SY, Yakhin RA, Vegunova GA, Wei W, Ren J, Zhao Y, Hoffmann DHH, Deng Z, Zhou W, Cheng R, Yang J, Novotny J, Shen X, Pukhov A, Jacoby J, Spielmann C, Popov VS, Veysman ME, Andreev NE, Rosmej ON. High-brightness betatron emission from the interaction of a sub picosecond laser pulse with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam for ICF research. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14785. [PMID: 38926535 PMCID: PMC11208620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in plasmas of near-critical density (NCD) is a very advancing platform for high-energy PW-class lasers of moderate relativistic intensity supporting Inertial Confinement Fusion research. Experiments conducted at the PHELIX sub-PW Nd:glass laser demonstrated application-promising characteristics of DLA-based radiation and particle sources, such as ultra-high number, high directionality and high conversion efficiency. In this context, the bright synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation of DLA electrons, which arises from the interaction of a sub-ps PHELIX laser pulse with an intensity of 1019 W/cm2 with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam, was studied. The experimental results show that the betatron radiation produced by DLA electrons in NCD plasma is well directed with a half-angle of 100-200 mrad, yielding (3.4 ± 0.4)·1010 photons/keV/sr at 10 keV photon energy. The experimental photon fluence and the brilliance agree well with the particle-in-cell simulations. These results pave the way for innovative applications of the DLA regime using low-density pre-ionized foams in high energy density research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Gyrdymov
- Institute for Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jakub Cikhardt
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Parysatis Tavana
- Institute for Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics (IOQ), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nataliya G Borisenko
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Gus Kov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rafael A Yakhin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A Vegunova
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenqing Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieru Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongtao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dieter H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhigang Deng
- Science and Technology On Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology On Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jan Novotny
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Jacoby
- Institute for Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Spielmann
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics (IOQ), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Viacheslav S Popov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Veysman
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Andreev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Olga N Rosmej
- Institute for Applied Physics (IAP), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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3
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Põder K, Wood JC, Lopes NC, Cole JM, Alatabi S, Backhouse MP, Foster PS, Hughes AJ, Kamperidis C, Kononenko O, Mangles SPD, Palmer CAJ, Rusby D, Sahai A, Sarri G, Symes DR, Warwick JR, Najmudin Z. Multi-GeV Electron Acceleration in Wakefields Strongly Driven by Oversized Laser Spots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:195001. [PMID: 38804956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.195001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Experiments were performed on laser wakefield acceleration in the highly nonlinear regime. With laser powers P<250 TW and using an initial spot size larger than the matched spot size for guiding, we were able to accelerate electrons to energies E_{max}>2.5 GeV, in fields exceeding 500 GV m^{-1}, with more than 80 pC of charge at energies E>1 GeV. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that using an oversized spot delays injection, avoiding beam loss as the wakefield undergoes length oscillation. This enables injected electrons to remain in the regions of highest accelerating fields and leads to a doubling of energy gain as compared to results from using half the focal length with the same laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Põder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - N C Lopes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Alatabi
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M P Backhouse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - P S Foster
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A J Hughes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Kamperidis
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - O Kononenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C A J Palmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Rusby
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Sahai
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Sarri
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J R Warwick
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Curcio A, Cianchi A, Costa G, Del Dotto A, Demurtas F, Ferrario M, Frías MDR, Galletti M, Pérez-Hernández JA, Gatti G. Reconstruction of lateral coherence and 2D emittance in plasma betatron X-ray sources. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1719. [PMID: 38243043 PMCID: PMC10799011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray sources have a strong social impact, being implemented for biomedical research, material and environmental sciences. Nowadays, compact and accessible sources are made using lasers. We report evidence of nontrivial spectral-angular correlations in a laser-driven betatron X-ray source. Furthermore, by angularly-resolved spectral measurements, we detect the signature of spatial phase modulations by the electron trajectories. This allows the lateral coherence function to be retrieved, leading to the evaluation of the coherence area of the source, determining its brightness. Finally, the proposed methodology allows the unprecedented reconstruction of the size of the X-ray source and the electron beam emittance in the two main emission planes in a single shot. This information will be of fundamental interest for user applications of new radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cianchi
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- NAST Centre, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Costa
- INFN-LNF, via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Dolores Rodríguez Frías
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Dpto. Física y Matemáticas, Universidad de Alcalá, Plaza de San Diego, s/n Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Galletti
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- NAST Centre, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Hernández
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5, Parque Científico, C/ Adaja 8, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Doherty A, Fourmaux S, Astolfo A, Ziesche R, Wood J, Finlay O, Stolp W, Batey D, Manke I, Légaré F, Boone M, Symes D, Najmudin Z, Endrizzi M, Olivo A, Cipiccia S. Femtosecond multimodal imaging with a laser-driven X-ray source. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2023; 6:288. [PMID: 38665412 PMCID: PMC11041725 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Laser-plasma accelerators are compact linear accelerators based on the interaction of high-power lasers with plasma to form accelerating structures up to 1000 times smaller than standard radiofrequency cavities, and they come with an embedded X-ray source, namely betatron source, with unique properties: small source size and femtosecond pulse duration. A still unexplored possibility to exploit the betatron source comes from combining it with imaging methods able to encode multiple information like transmission and phase into a single-shot acquisition approach. In this work, we combine edge illumination-beam tracking (EI-BT) with a betatron X-ray source and present the demonstration of multimodal imaging (transmission, refraction, and scattering) with a compact light source down to the femtosecond timescale. The advantage of EI-BT is that it allows multimodal X-ray imaging technique, granting access to transmission, refraction and scattering signals from standard low-coherence laboratory X-ray sources in a single shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Doherty
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, 2 Malet Pl, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Sylvain Fourmaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7 QC Canada
| | - Alberto Astolfo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, 2 Malet Pl, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Ralf Ziesche
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wood
- The John Adam Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW UK
| | - Oliver Finlay
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - Wiebe Stolp
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Darren Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1P7 QC Canada
| | - Matthieu Boone
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dan Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - Zulfikar Najmudin
- The John Adam Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW UK
| | - Marco Endrizzi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, 2 Malet Pl, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Alessandro Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, 2 Malet Pl, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, 2 Malet Pl, London, WC1E 7JE UK
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6
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Montgomery DS. Invited article: X-ray phase contrast imaging in inertial confinement fusion and high energy density research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:021103. [PMID: 36859012 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) provides enhanced image contrast beyond absorption-based x-ray imaging alone due to refraction and diffraction from gradients in the object material density. It is sensitive to small variations in density, such as internal voids, cracks, grains, defects, and material flow, as well as to stronger density variations such as from a shock wave. Beyond its initial use in biology and materials science, XPCI is now routinely used in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high energy density (HED) research, first to characterize ICF capsules and targets, and later applied in dynamic experiments, where coherent x-ray sources, ultrafast x-ray pulses, and high temporal and spatial resolution are required. In this Review article, XPCI image formation theory is presented, its diverse use in ICF and HED research is discussed, the unique requirements for ultrafast XPCI imaging are given, as well as current challenges and issues in its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Montgomery
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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7
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Brümmer T, Bohlen S, Grüner F, Osterhoff J, Põder K. Compact all-optical precision-tunable narrowband hard Compton X-ray source. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16017. [PMID: 36163419 PMCID: PMC9512799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Readily available bright X-ray beams with narrow bandwidth and tunable energy promise to unlock novel developments in a wide range of applications. Among emerging alternatives to large-scale and costly present-day radiation sources which severely restrict the availability of such beams, compact laser-plasma-accelerator-driven inverse Compton scattering sources show great potential. However, these sources are currently limited to tens of percent bandwidths, unacceptably large for many applications. Here, we show conceptually that using active plasma lenses to tailor the electron bunch-photon interaction, tunable X-ray and gamma beams with percent-level bandwidths can be produced. The central X-ray energy is tunable by varying the focusing strength of the lens, without changing electron bunch properties, allowing for precision-tuning the X-ray beam energy. This method is a key development towards laser-plasma-accelerator-driven narrowband, precision tunable femtosecond photon sources, enabling a paradigm shift and proliferation of compact X-ray applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brümmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Bohlen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Grüner
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Oliver M, Allen CH, Divol L, Karmiol Z, Landen OL, Ping Y, Wallace R, Schölmerich M, Theobald W, Döppner T, White TG. Diffraction enhanced imaging utilizing a laser produced x-ray source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093502. [PMID: 36182497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Image formation by Fresnel diffraction utilizes both absorption and phase-contrast to measure electron density profiles. The low spatial and spectral coherence requirements allow the technique to be performed with a laser-produced x-ray source coupled with a narrow slit. This makes it an excellent candidate for probing interfaces between materials at extreme conditions, which can only be generated at large-scale laser or pulsed power facilities. Here, we present the results from a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating an effective ∼2 μm laser-generated source at the OMEGA Laser Facility. This was achieved using slits of 1 × 30 μm2 and 2 × 40 μm2 geometry, which were milled into 30 μm thick Ta plates. Combining these slits with a vanadium He-like 5.2 keV source created a 1D imaging system capable of micrometer-scale resolution. The principal obstacles to achieving an effective 1 μm source are the slit tilt and taper-where the use of a tapered slit is necessary to increase the alignment tolerance. We demonstrate an effective source size by imaging a 2 ± 0.2 μm radius tungsten wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliver
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C H Allen
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Z Karmiol
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-493, 70000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T G White
- University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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9
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McAnespie CA, Streeter MJV, Rankin M, Chaudhary P, McMahon SJ, Prise KM, Sarri G. High-dose femtosecond-scale gamma-ray beams for radiobiological applications. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5bfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. In the irradiation of living tissue, the fundamental physical processes involved in radical production typically occur on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A detailed understanding of these phenomena has thus far been limited by the relatively long duration of the radiation sources employed, extending well beyond the timescales for radical generation and evolution. Approach. Here, we propose a femtosecond-scale photon source, based on inverse Compton scattering of laser-plasma accelerated electron beams in the field of a second scattering laser pulse. Main results. Detailed numerical modelling indicates that existing laser facilities can provide ultra-short and high-flux MeV-scale photon beams, able to deposit doses tuneable from a fraction of Gy up to a few Gy per pulse, resulting in dose rates exceeding 1013 Gy/s. Significance. We envisage that such a source will represent a unique tool for time-resolved radiobiological experiments, with the prospect of further advancing radio-therapeutic techniques.
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10
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Curcio A, Gatti G. Time-domain study of the synchrotron radiation emitted from electron beams in plasma focusing channels. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025201. [PMID: 35291175 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper sheds light on the time structure of betatron radiation, emitted by electrons that undergo betatron oscillations as they accelerate under the action of plasma wakefields. It is a common practice to assume that the betatron pulses are as short as the electron bunch length, however we show that this is not a general rule. Indeed, the betatron pulse length is affected by the betatron motion, which stretches and modulates the radiation pulses already at the source level. Propagation in a vacuum, therefore, can greatly lengthen the betatron pulses by orders of magnitude. In the wake of the above, the coherent emission of betatron radiation is studied. Coherent betatron radiation has been found to propagate in an underdense region created by ponderomotive forces, thus not suppressed by the overdense plasma absorption. This could be observed experimentally, revealing information on the acceleration process and on key beam parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Curcio
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5. Parque Científico. C/ Adaja, 8. 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5. Parque Científico. C/ Adaja, 8. 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Barbato F, Atzeni S, Batani D, Antonelli L. PhaseX: an X-ray phase-contrast imaging simulation code for matter under extreme conditions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3388-3403. [PMID: 35209598 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present PhaseX, a simulation code for X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI), specially dedicated to the study of matter under extreme conditions (of pressure and density). Indeed, XPCI can greatly benefit the diagnosis of such states of matter. This is due to the noticeable contrast enhancement obtained thanks to the exploitation of both attenuation and phase-shift of the electromagnetic waves crossing the sample to be diagnosed. PhaseX generates synthetic images with and without phase contrast. Thanks to its modular design PhaseX can adapt to any imaging set-up and accept as inputs objects generated by hydrodynamic or particle-in-cell codes. We illustrate Phase-X capabilities by showing a few examples concerning laser-driven implosions and laser-driven shock waves.
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12
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Silva T, Amorim LD, Downer MC, Hogan MJ, Yakimenko V, Zgadzaj R, Vieira J. Stable Positron Acceleration in Thin, Warm, Hollow Plasma Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:104801. [PMID: 34533351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hollow plasma channels are attractive for lepton acceleration because they provide intrinsic emittance preservation regimes. However, beam breakup instabilities dominate the dynamics. Here, we show that thin, warm hollow channels can sustain large-amplitude plasma waves ready for high-quality positron acceleration. We verify that the combination of warm electrons and thin hollow channels enables positron focusing structures. Such focusing wakefields unlock beam breakup damping mechanisms. We demonstrate that such channels emerge self-consistently during the long-term plasma dynamics in the blowout's regime aftermath, allowing for experimental demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L D Amorim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Martín L, Benlliure J, Cortina-Gil D, Haruna A, Ruiz C. Validation of a laser driven plasma X-ray microfocus source for high resolution radiography imaging. Phys Med 2021; 82:163-170. [PMID: 33640836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard X-ray radiation with high brightness and high fluxes is nowadays available on the fourth generation of synchrotrons and X-FELs, but the large size and complexity of these sources makes its use difficult for widespread applications. New table top X-ray sources driven by ultrashort high power lasers offer a compelling route to expand the availability of hard X-ray sources. They can be used for advanced imaging techniques, due to its small source size and spatial coherence. We present in this paper the validation of a compact laser-driven X-ray microfocus source for high-resolution radiography imaging. This novel device was built at the Laser Laboratory for Acceleration and Applications (L2A2) at the University of Santiago de Compostela. This paper describes the laser-plasma X-ray source with improved stability and characterize some of its properties. We demonstrate the high-contrast and resolution of the images obtained with this source by using masks with well known geometries, and detailed analysis by using the modulation transfer function. Finally, we discuss the properties of this source in comparison to other compact microfocus X-ray sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martín
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - J Benlliure
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Haruna
- IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Ruiz
- Instituto de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Ding H, Döpp A, Gilljohann M, Götzfried J, Schindler S, Wildgruber L, Cheung G, Hooker SM, Karsch S. Nonlinear plasma wavelength scalings in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023209. [PMID: 32168651 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration relies on the excitation of a plasma wave due to the ponderomotive force of an intense laser pulse. However, plasma wave trains in the wake of the laser have scarcely been studied directly in experiments. Here we use few-cycle shadowgraphy in conjunction with interferometry to quantify plasma waves excited by the laser within the density range of GeV-scale accelerators, i.e., a few 10^{18}cm^{-3}. While analytical models suggest a clear dependency between the nonlinear plasma wavelength and the peak potential a_{0}, our study shows that the analytical models are only accurate for driver strength a_{0}≲1. Experimental data and systematic particle-in-cell simulations reveal that nonlinear lengthening of the plasma wave train depends not solely on the laser peak intensity but also on the waist of the focal spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Götzfried
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Wildgruber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Cheung
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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15
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Barbato F, Atzeni S, Batani D, Bleiner D, Boutoux G, Brabetz C, Bradford P, Mancelli D, Neumayer P, Schiavi A, Trela J, Volpe L, Zeraouli G, Woolsey N, Antonelli L. Quantitative phase contrast imaging of a shock-wave with a laser-plasma based X-ray source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18805. [PMID: 31827132 PMCID: PMC6906500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is more sensitive to density variations than X-ray absorption radiography, which is a crucial advantage when imaging weakly-absorbing, low-Z materials, or steep density gradients in matter under extreme conditions. Here, we describe the application of a polychromatic X-ray laser-plasma source (duration ~0.5 ps, photon energy >1 keV) to the study of a laser-driven shock travelling in plastic material. The XPCI technique allows for a clear identification of the shock front as well as of small-scale features present during the interaction. Quantitative analysis of the compressed object is achieved using a density map reconstructed from the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barbato
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Department of Plasma Physics, 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Bleiner
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - G Boutoux
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Bradford
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D Mancelli
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Schiavi
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - J Trela
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Zeraouli
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Universidad de Salamanca, Patio de Escuelas 1, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - L Antonelli
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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16
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Hussein AE, Senabulya N, Ma Y, Streeter MJV, Kettle B, Dann SJD, Albert F, Bourgeois N, Cipiccia S, Cole JM, Finlay O, Gerstmayr E, González IG, Higginbotham A, Jaroszynski DA, Falk K, Krushelnick K, Lemos N, Lopes NC, Lumsdon C, Lundh O, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z, Rajeev PP, Schlepütz CM, Shahzad M, Smid M, Spesyvtsev R, Symes DR, Vieux G, Willingale L, Wood JC, Shahani AJ, Thomas AGR. Laser-wakefield accelerators for high-resolution X-ray imaging of complex microstructures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3249. [PMID: 30824838 PMCID: PMC6397215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) are high acceleration-gradient plasma-based particle accelerators capable of producing ultra-relativistic electron beams. Within the strong focusing fields of the wakefield, accelerated electrons undergo betatron oscillations, emitting a bright pulse of X-rays with a micrometer-scale source size that may be used for imaging applications. Non-destructive X-ray phase contrast imaging and tomography of heterogeneous materials can provide insight into their processing, structure, and performance. To demonstrate the imaging capability of X-rays from an LWFA we have examined an irregular eutectic in the aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) system. The lamellar spacing of the Al-Si eutectic microstructure is on the order of a few micrometers, thus requiring high spatial resolution. We present comparisons between the sharpness and spatial resolution in phase contrast images of this eutectic alloy obtained via X-ray phase contrast imaging at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) synchrotron and X-ray projection microscopy via an LWFA source. An upper bound on the resolving power of 2.7 ± 0.3 μm of the LWFA source in this experiment was measured. These results indicate that betatron X-rays from laser wakefield acceleration can provide an alternative to conventional synchrotron sources for high resolution imaging of eutectics and, more broadly, complex microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hussein
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
| | - N Senabulya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.,Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - M J V Streeter
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - B Kettle
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S J D Dann
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - S Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - O Finlay
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - E Gerstmayr
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - A Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - K Falk
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics of the ASCR, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, NIF and Photon Sciences, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - N C Lopes
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, U.L., Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - C Lumsdon
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C M Schlepütz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Shahzad
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M Smid
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics of the ASCR, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Spesyvtsev
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - G Vieux
- The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - L Willingale
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - J C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A J Shahani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.,Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
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