1
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Cristoforetti G, Baffigi F, Batani D, Dudzak R, Fedosejevs R, Filippov ED, Gajdos P, Juha L, Khan M, Koester P, Krus M, Mancelli D, Martynenko AS, Nicolai P, Pikuz SA, Renner O, Tentori A, Volpe L, Woolsey N, Zeraouli G, Gizzi LA. Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20681. [PMID: 38001120 PMCID: PMC10673912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]. In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Baffigi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - R Dudzak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - P Gajdos
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Khan
- York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - P Koester
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Krus
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Rethymnon, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Greece
| | - A S Martynenko
- JIHT RAS, Moscow, 125412, Russia
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - S A Pikuz
- JIHT RAS, Moscow, 125412, Russia
- NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - O Renner
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - A Tentori
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK
| | - G Zeraouli
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L A Gizzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Pérez-Callejo G, Vlachos C, Walsh CA, Florido R, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Vaisseau X, Suzuki-Vidal F, McGuffey C, Beg FN, Bradford P, Ospina-Bohórquez V, Batani D, Raffestin D, Colaïtis A, Tikhonchuk V, Casner A, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Fedosejevs R, Woolsey N, Ehret M, Debayle A, Loiseau P, Calisti A, Ferri S, Honrubia J, Kingham R, Mancini RC, Gigosos MA, Santos JJ. Cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at Laser MegaJoule. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:035206. [PMID: 36266806 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in inertial confinement fusion experiments has given rise to experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories) or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MegaJoule-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B field generated with these coil targets, as well as two-dimensional extended magnetohydrodynamics simulations showing that a 5 T initial B field is compressed up to 25 kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1 keV to 5 keV) while the density is reduced (from 40g/cm^{3} to 7g/cm^{3}). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using x-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Callejo
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C Vlachos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Institute of Plasma Physics & Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Florido
- iUNAT-Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Bradford
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Ospina-Bohórquez
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA-CESTA, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1R1 Alberta, Canada
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Ehret
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - A Calisti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - S Ferri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Kingham
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M A Gigosos
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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3
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Tamagawa T, Hironaka Y, Kawasaki K, Tanaka D, Idesaka T, Ozaki N, Kodama R, Takizawa R, Fujioka S, Yogo A, Batani D, Nicolai P, Cristoforetti G, Koester P, Gizzi LA, Shigemori K. Development of an experimental platform for the investigation of laser-plasma interaction in conditions relevant to shock ignition regime. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:063505. [PMID: 35778032 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The shock ignition (SI) approach to inertial confinement fusion is a promising scheme for achieving energy production by nuclear fusion. SI relies on using a high intensity laser pulse (≈1016 W/cm2, with a duration of several hundred ps) at the end of the fuel compression stage. However, during laser-plasma interaction (LPI), several parametric instabilities, such as stimulated Raman scattering and two plasmon decay, nonlinearly generate hot electrons (HEs). The whole behavior of HE under SI conditions, including their generation, transport, and final absorption, is still unclear and needs further experimental investigation. This paper focuses on the development of an experimental platform for SI-related experiments, which simultaneously makes use of multiple diagnostics to characterize LPI and HE generation, transport, and energy deposition. Such diagnostics include optical spectrometers, streaked optical shadowgraph, an x-ray pinhole camera, a two-dimensional x-ray imager, a Cu Kα line spectrometer, two hot-electron spectrometers, a hard x-ray (bremsstrahlung) detector, and a streaked optical pyrometer. Diagnostics successfully operated simultaneously in single-shot mode, revealing the features of HEs under SI-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tamagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Hironaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Kawasaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Idesaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Takizawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, University Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, University Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, INO-CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Malko S, Cayzac W, Ospina-Bohórquez V, Bhutwala K, Bailly-Grandvaux M, McGuffey C, Fedosejevs R, Vaisseau X, Tauschwitz A, Apiñaniz JI, De Luis Blanco D, Gatti G, Huault M, Hernandez JAP, Hu SX, White AJ, Collins LA, Nichols K, Neumayer P, Faussurier G, Vorberger J, Prestopino G, Verona C, Santos JJ, Batani D, Beg FN, Roso L, Volpe L. Proton stopping measurements at low velocity in warm dense carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2893. [PMID: 35610200 PMCID: PMC9130286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion stopping in warm dense matter is a process of fundamental importance for the understanding of the properties of dense plasmas, the realization and the interpretation of experiments involving ion-beam-heated warm dense matter samples, and for inertial confinement fusion research. The theoretical description of the ion stopping power in warm dense matter is difficult notably due to electron coupling and degeneracy, and measurements are still largely missing. In particular, the low-velocity stopping range, that features the largest modelling uncertainties, remains virtually unexplored. Here, we report proton energy-loss measurements in warm dense plasma at unprecedented low projectile velocities. Our energy-loss data, combined with a precise target characterization based on plasma-emission measurements using two independent spectroscopy diagnostics, demonstrate a significant deviation of the stopping power from classical models in this regime. In particular, we show that our results are in closest agreement with recent first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. Charged particle interaction and energy dissipation in plasma is fundamentally interesting. Here the authors study proton stopping in laser-produced plasma for the moderate to strong coupling with electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malko
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain. .,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, NJ, 08536, USA.
| | - W Cayzac
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France
| | - V Ospina-Bohórquez
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - R Fedosejevs
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering. Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | - An Tauschwitz
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J I Apiñaniz
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D De Luis Blanco
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Huault
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Perez Hernandez
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - A J White
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - K Nichols
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Faussurier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - J Vorberger
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Universitá di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Universitá di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Laser-Plasma Chair at the University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Scott RHH, Glize K, Antonelli L, Khan M, Theobald W, Wei M, Betti R, Stoeckl C, Seaton AG, Arber TD, Barlow D, Goffrey T, Bennett K, Garbett W, Atzeni S, Casner A, Batani D, Li C, Woolsey N. Shock Ignition Laser-Plasma Interactions in Ignition-Scale Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:065001. [PMID: 34420313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We use a subignition scale laser, the 30 kJ Omega, and a novel shallow-cone target to study laser-plasma interactions at the ablation-plasma density scale lengths and laser intensities anticipated for direct drive shock-ignition implosions at National Ignition Facility scale. Our results show that, under these conditions, the dominant instability is convective stimulated Raman scatter with experimental evidence of two plasmon decay (TPD) only when the density scale length is reduced. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate this is due to TPD being shifted to lower densities, removing the experimental back-scatter signature and reducing the hot-electron temperature. The experimental laser energy-coupling to hot electrons was found to be 1%-2.5%, with electron temperatures between 35 and 45 keV. Radiation-hydrodynamics simulations employing these hot-electron characteristics indicate that they should not preheat the fuel in MJ-scale shock ignition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
| | - K Glize
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
| | - L Antonelli
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Khan
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A G Seaton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T D Arber
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D Barlow
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Goffrey
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - K Bennett
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - W Garbett
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma 00161, Italy
| | - A Casner
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33405, France
| | - D Batani
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33405, France
| | - C Li
- MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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6
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Bonvalet J, Nicolaï P, Raffestin D, D'humieres E, Batani D, Tikhonchuk V, Kantarelou V, Giuffrida L, Tosca M, Korn G, Picciotto A, Morace A, Abe Y, Arikawa Y, Fujioka S, Fukuda Y, Kuramitsu Y, Habara H, Margarone D. Energetic α-particle sources produced through proton-boron reactions by high-energy high-intensity laser beams. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:053202. [PMID: 34134285 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In an experiment performed with a high-intensity and high-energy laser system, α-particle production in proton-boron reaction by using a laser-driven proton beam was measured. α particles were observed from the front and also from the rear side, even after a 2-mm-thick boron target. The data obtained in this experiment have been analyzed using a sequence of numerical simulations. The simulations clarify the mechanisms of α-particle production and transport through the boron targets. α-particle energies observed in the experiment and in the simulation reach 10-20 MeV through energy transfer from 20-30 MeV energy incident protons. Despite the lower cross sections for protons with energy above the sub-MeV resonances in the proton-boron reactions, 10^{8}-10^{9}α particles per steradian have been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bonvalet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E D'humieres
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France.,ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - V Kantarelou
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - L Giuffrida
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - M Tosca
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - G Korn
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - A Picciotto
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Sensors and Devices - Micro Nano Facility, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto 619- 0215, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Margarone
- ELI-Beamlines Center, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.,Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT71NN Belfast, Northen Ireland, United Kingdom
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7
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Zhang S, Li J, Krauland CM, Beg FN, Muller S, Theobald W, Palastro J, Filkins T, Turnbull D, Haberberger D, Ren C, Betti R, Stoeckl C, Campbell EM, Trela J, Batani D, Scott RHH, Wei MS. Pump-depletion dynamics and saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in shock ignition relevant experiments. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:063208. [PMID: 34271736 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative inertial confinement fusion scheme, shock ignition requires a strong converging shock driven by a high-intensity laser pulse to ignite a precompressed fusion capsule. Understanding nonlinear laser-plasma instabilities is crucial to assess and improve the laser-shock energy coupling. Recent experiments conducted on the OMEGA EP laser facility have demonstrated that such instabilities can ∼100% deplete the first 0.5 ns of the high-intensity laser. Analyses of the observed laser-generated blast wave suggest that this pump-depletion starts at ∼0.02 critical density and progresses to 0.1-0.2 critical density, which is also confirmed by the time-resolved stimulated Raman backscattering spectra. The pump-depletion dynamics can be explained by the breaking of ion-acoustic waves in stimulated Brillouin scattering. Such pump depletion would inhibit the collisional laser energy absorption but may benefit the generation of hot electrons with moderate temperatures for electron shock ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 195001 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.119.195001].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C M Krauland
- Inertial Fusion Technology, General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Muller
- Inertial Fusion Technology, General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Filkins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Ren
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Trela
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux CEA-CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M S Wei
- Inertial Fusion Technology, General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA.,Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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8
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Martynenko AS, Pikuz SA, Antonelli L, Barbato F, Boutoux G, Giuffrida L, Honrubia JJ, Hume E, Jacoby J, Khaghani D, Lancaster K, Neumayer P, Rosmej ON, Santos JJ, Turianska O, Batani D. Role of relativistic laser intensity on isochoric heating of metal wire targets. Opt Express 2021; 29:12240-12251. [PMID: 33984988 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a recent experimental campaign, we used laser-accelerated relativistic hot electrons to ensure heating of thin titanium wire targets up to a warm dense matter (WDM) state [EPL114, 45002 (2016)10.1209/0295-5075/114/45002]. The WDM temperature profiles along several hundred microns of the wire were inferred by using spatially resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy looking at the Ti Kα characteristic lines. A maximum temperature of ∼30 eV was reached. Our study extends this work by discussing the influence of the laser parameters on temperature profiles and the optimisation of WDM wire-based generation. The depth of wire heating may reach several hundreds of microns and it is proven to be strictly dependent on the laser intensity. At the same time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the maximum WDM temperature doesn't appear to be sensitive to the laser intensity and mainly depends on the deposited laser energy considering ranges of 6×1018-6×1020 W/cm2 and 50-200 J.
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9
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Apiñaniz JI, Malko S, Fedosejevs R, Cayzac W, Vaisseau X, de Luis D, Gatti G, McGuffey C, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Bhutwala K, Ospina-Bohorquez V, Balboa J, Santos JJ, Batani D, Beg F, Roso L, Perez-Hernandez JA, Volpe L. A quasi-monoenergetic short time duration compact proton source for probing high energy density states of matter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6881. [PMID: 33767262 PMCID: PMC7994565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of a highly directional, narrow energy band, short time duration proton beam operating at high repetition rate. The protons are generated with an ultrashort-pulse laser interacting with a solid target and converted to a pencil-like narrow-band beam using a compact magnet-based energy selector. We experimentally demonstrate the production of a proton beam with an energy of 500 keV and energy spread well below 10[Formula: see text], and a pulse duration of 260 ps. The energy loss of this beam is measured in a 2 [Formula: see text]m thick solid Mylar target and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The short time duration of the proton pulse makes it particularly well suited for applications involving the probing of highly transient plasma states produced in laser-matter interaction experiments. This proton source is particularly relevant for measurements of the proton stopping power in high energy density plasmas and warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Apiñaniz
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - S Malko
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - W Cayzac
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | | | - D de Luis
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - V Ospina-Bohorquez
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France.,CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - J Balboa
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J J Santos
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - F Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Perez-Hernandez
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Laser-Plasma Chair at the University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Física Fundamental y Matemáticas, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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10
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Kawahito D, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Dozières M, McGuffey C, Forestier-Colleoni P, Peebles J, Honrubia JJ, Khiar B, Hansen S, Tzeferacos P, Wei MS, Krauland CM, Gourdain P, Davies JR, Matsuo K, Fujioka S, Campbell EM, Santos JJ, Batani D, Bhutwala K, Zhang S, Beg FN. Fast electron transport dynamics and energy deposition in magnetized, imploded cylindrical plasma. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200052. [PMID: 33280559 PMCID: PMC7741014 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inertial confinement fusion approaches involve the creation of high-energy-density states through compression. High gain scenarios may be enabled by the beneficial heating from fast electrons produced with an intense laser and by energy containment with a high-strength magnetic field. Here, we report experimental measurements from a configuration integrating a magnetized, imploded cylindrical plasma and intense laser-driven electrons as well as multi-stage simulations that show fast electrons transport pathways at different times during the implosion and quantify their energy deposition contribution. The experiment consisted of a CH foam cylinder, inside an external coaxial magnetic field of 5 T, that was imploded using 36 OMEGA laser beams. Two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modelling predicts the CH density reaches [Formula: see text], the temperature reaches 920 eV and the external B-field is amplified at maximum compression to 580 T. At pre-determined times during the compression, the intense OMEGA EP laser irradiated one end of the cylinder to accelerate relativistic electrons into the dense imploded plasma providing additional heating. The relativistic electron beam generation was simulated using a 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) code. Finally, three-dimensional hybrid-PIC simulations calculated the electron propagation and energy deposition inside the target and revealed the roles the compressed and self-generated B-fields play in transport. During a time window before the maximum compression time, the self-generated B-field on the compression front confines the injected electrons inside the target, increasing the temperature through Joule heating. For a stronger B-field seed of 20 T, the electrons are predicted to be guided into the compressed target and provide additional collisional heating. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - M. Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - M. Dozières
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - C. McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - P. Forestier-Colleoni
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - J. Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J. J. Honrubia
- E.T.S.I. Industriales, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - B. Khiar
- Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA), Palaiseau 91123, France
| | - S. Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - P. Tzeferacos
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - M. S. Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92186, USA
| | | | - P. Gourdain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Extreme State Physics Laboratory, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - J. R. Davies
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - K. Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S. Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - E. M. Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J. J. Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA UMR, 5107 33400 Talence, France
| | - D. Batani
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA UMR, 5107 33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
| | - F. N. Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, USA
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11
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Koester P, Baffigi F, Cristoforetti G, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Baton S, Koenig M, Colaïtis A, Batani D, Casner A, Raffestin D, Tentori A, Trela J, Rousseaux C, Boutoux G, Brygoo S, Jacquet L, Reverdin C, Le Bel E, Le-Deroff L, Theobald W, Shigemori K. Bremsstrahlung cannon design for shock ignition relevant regime. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:013501. [PMID: 33514221 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optimization of a BremsStrahlung Cannon (BSC) design for the investigation of laser-driven fast electron populations in a shock ignition relevant experimental campaign at the Laser Megajoule-PETawatt Aquitaine Laser facility. In this regime with laser intensities of 1015 W/cm2-1016 W/cm2, fast electrons with energies ≤100 keV are expected to be generated through Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Two Plasmon Decay (TPD) instabilities. The main purpose of the BSC in our experiment is to identify the contribution to x-ray emission from bremsstrahlung of fast electrons originating from SRS and TPD, with expected temperatures of 40 keV and 95 keV, respectively. Data analysis and reconstruction of the distributions of x-ray photons incident on the BSC are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Baffigi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Baton
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Casner
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Tentori
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Trela
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Rousseaux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Boutoux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Brygoo
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Jacquet
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Reverdin
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - E Le Bel
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - L Le-Deroff
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Barbato F, Atzeni S, Batani D, Bleiner D, Boutoux G, Brabetz C, Bradford P, Mancelli D, Neumayer P, Schiavi A, Trela J, Volpe L, Zeraouli G, Woolsey N, Antonelli L. Quantitative phase contrast imaging of a shock-wave with a laser-plasma based X-ray source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18805. [PMID: 31827132 PMCID: PMC6906500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is more sensitive to density variations than X-ray absorption radiography, which is a crucial advantage when imaging weakly-absorbing, low-Z materials, or steep density gradients in matter under extreme conditions. Here, we describe the application of a polychromatic X-ray laser-plasma source (duration ~0.5 ps, photon energy >1 keV) to the study of a laser-driven shock travelling in plastic material. The XPCI technique allows for a clear identification of the shock front as well as of small-scale features present during the interaction. Quantitative analysis of the compressed object is achieved using a density map reconstructed from the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barbato
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Department of Plasma Physics, 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Bleiner
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - G Boutoux
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Bradford
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D Mancelli
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Schiavi
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - J Trela
- Universitè de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Zeraouli
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Universidad de Salamanca, Patio de Escuelas 1, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - L Antonelli
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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13
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Zeraouli G, Gatti G, Longman A, Pérez-Hernández JA, Arana D, Batani D, Jakubowska K, Volpe L, Roso L, Fedosejevs R. Development of an adjustable Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope for laser driven x-ray sources. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:063704. [PMID: 31255027 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A prototype of a highly adjustable Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope has been designed, built, and tested in a number of laser driven x-ray experiments using the high power (200 TW) VEGA-2 laser system of the Spanish Centre for Pulsed Lasers (CLPU). The presented KB version consists of two, perpendicularly mounted, 500 μm thick silicon wafers, coated with a layer of platinum, a few tens of nanometers thick. Unlike the usual millimeter thick glass substrate, this design allows for a larger bending flexibility and large adjustment range. According to simulations, this KB microscope offers broadband multikiloelectron volt reflection spectra (1 eV-20 keV), allowing more spectral tunability than conventional Bragg crystals. In addition to be vacuum compatible, this prototype is characterized by a relatively small size (21 cm × 31 cm × 27 cm) and permits remote control and modification both of the radii of curvature (down to 10 m) and of the grazing incidence angle (up to 60 mrad). A few examples of focusing performance tests and experimental results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zeraouli
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Longman
- University of Alberta, 116 St 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - J A Pérez-Hernández
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D Arana
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D Batani
- CELIA, Centre des Laser Intenses et Applications, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- IPPLM, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Volpe
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Roso
- CLPU, Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, Calle Adaja 8, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Fedosejevs
- University of Alberta, 116 St 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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14
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Ducret JE, Batani D, Boutoux G, Chancé A, Gastineau B, Guillard JC, Harrault F, Jakubowska K, Lantuejoul-Thfoin I, Leboeuf D, Loiseau D, Lotode A, Pès C, Rabhi N, Saïd A, Semsoum A, Serani L, Thomas B, Toussaint JC, Vauzour B. Calibration of the low-energy channel Thomson parabola of the LMJ-PETAL diagnostic SEPAGE with protons and carbon ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:023304. [PMID: 29495838 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The SEPAGE diagnostic will detect charged particles (electrons, protons, and ions) accelerated in the interaction of the PETAL (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser) laser with its targets on the LMJ (Laser MegaJoule)-PETAL laser facility. SEPAGE will be equipped with a proton-radiography front detector and two Thomson parabolas (TP), corresponding to different ranges of the particle energy spectra: Above 0.1 MeV for electrons and protons in the low-energy channel, with a separation capability between protons and 12C6+ up to 20 MeV proton energy and above 8 MeV for the high-energy channel, with a separation capability between protons and 12C6+ up to 200 MeV proton kinetic energy. This paper presents the calibration of the SEPAGE's low-energy channel TP at the Tandem facility of Orsay (France) with proton beams between 3 and 22 MeV and carbon-ion beams from 5.8 to 84 MeV. The magnetic and electric fields' integrals were determined with an accuracy of 10-3 by combining the deflections measured at different energies with different target thicknesses and materials, providing different in-target energy losses of the beam particles and hence different detected energies for given beam energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Ducret
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Chancé
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Gastineau
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-C Guillard
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Harrault
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | - D Leboeuf
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Loiseau
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Lotode
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Pès
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Rabhi
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Saïd
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - A Semsoum
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - L Serani
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - B Thomas
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - J-C Toussaint
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Vauzour
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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15
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Bailly-Grandvaux M, Santos JJ, Bellei C, Forestier-Colleoni P, Fujioka S, Giuffrida L, Honrubia JJ, Batani D, Bouillaud R, Chevrot M, Cross JE, Crowston R, Dorard S, Dubois JL, Ehret M, Gregori G, Hulin S, Kojima S, Loyez E, Marquès JR, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Roth M, Sakata S, Schaumann G, Serres F, Servel J, Tikhonchuk VT, Woolsey N, Zhang Z. Guiding of relativistic electron beams in dense matter by laser-driven magnetostatic fields. Nat Commun 2018; 9:102. [PMID: 29317653 PMCID: PMC5760627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense lasers interacting with dense targets accelerate relativistic electron beams, which transport part of the laser energy into the target depth. However, the overall laser-to-target energy coupling efficiency is impaired by the large divergence of the electron beam, intrinsic to the laser-plasma interaction. Here we demonstrate that an efficient guiding of MeV electrons with about 30 MA current in solid matter is obtained by imposing a laser-driven longitudinal magnetostatic field of 600 T. In the magnetized conditions the transported energy density and the peak background electron temperature at the 60-μm-thick target's rear surface rise by about a factor of five, as unfolded from benchmarked simulations. Such an improvement of energy-density flux through dense matter paves the ground for advances in laser-driven intense sources of energetic particles and radiation, driving matter to extreme temperatures, reaching states relevant for planetary or stellar science as yet inaccessible at the laboratory scale and achieving high-gain laser-driven thermonuclear fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - C Bellei
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Giuffrida
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros 3, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - R Bouillaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Chevrot
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J E Cross
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Crowston
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Dorard
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-L Dubois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Ehret
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - E Loyez
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-R Marquès
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - G Schaumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Serres
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J Servel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Rabhi N, Batani D, Boutoux G, Ducret JE, Jakubowska K, Lantuejoul-Thfoin I, Nauraye C, Patriarca A, Saïd A, Semsoum A, Serani L, Thomas B, Vauzour B. Calibration of imaging plate detectors to mono-energetic protons in the range 1-200 MeV. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:113301. [PMID: 29195357 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Responses of Fuji Imaging Plates (IPs) to proton have been measured in the range 1-200 MeV. Mono-energetic protons were produced with the 15 MV ALTO-Tandem accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Orsay, France) and, at higher energies, with the 200-MeV isochronous cyclotron of the Institut Curie-Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (Orsay, France). The experimental setups are described and the measured photo-stimulated luminescence responses for MS, SR, and TR IPs are presented and compared to existing data. For the interpretation of the results, a sensitivity model based on the Monte Carlo GEANT4 code has been developed. It enables the calculation of the response functions in a large energy range, from 0.1 to 200 MeV. Finally, we show that our model reproduces accurately the response of more complex detectors, i.e., stack of high-Z filters and IPs, which could be of great interest for diagnostics of Petawatt laser accelerated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rabhi
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J-E Ducret
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | - C Nauraye
- Institut Curie, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay-Campus Universitaire, Bâtiment 101, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Patriarca
- Institut Curie, Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay-Campus Universitaire, Bâtiment 101, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Saïd
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Semsoum
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - L Serani
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, 19, Chemin du Solarium, Gradignan F-33175, France
| | - B Thomas
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797 CNRS/IN2P3, 19, Chemin du Solarium, Gradignan F-33175, France
| | - B Vauzour
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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17
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Antonelli L, Atzeni S, Schiavi A, Baton SD, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Rousseaux C, Richetta M, Batani D, Forestier-Colleoni P, Le Bel E, Maheut Y, Nguyen-Bui T, Ribeyre X, Trela J. Laser-driven shock waves studied by x-ray radiography. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063205. [PMID: 28709273 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimegabar laser-driven shock waves are unique tools for studying matter under extreme conditions. Accurate characterization of shocked matter is for instance necessary for measurements of equation of state data or opacities. This paper reports experiments performed at the LULI facility on the diagnosis of shock waves, using x-ray-absorption radiography. Radiographs are analyzed using standard Abel inversion. In addition, synthetic radiographs, which also take into account the finite size of the x-ray source, are generated using density maps produced by hydrodynamic simulations. Reported data refer to both plane cylindrical targets and hemispherical targets. Evolution and deformation of the shock front could be followed using hydrodynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Antonelli
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Schiavi
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - S D Baton
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Brambrink
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | - M Richetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata," Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - E Le Bel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Y Maheut
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - T Nguyen-Bui
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - X Ribeyre
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - J Trela
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
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18
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Vaisseau X, Morace A, Touati M, Nakatsutsumi M, Baton SD, Hulin S, Nicolaï P, Nuter R, Batani D, Beg FN, Breil J, Fedosejevs R, Feugeas JL, Forestier-Colleoni P, Fourment C, Fujioka S, Giuffrida L, Kerr S, McLean HS, Sawada H, Tikhonchuk VT, Santos JJ. Collimated Propagation of Fast Electron Beams Accelerated by High-Contrast Laser Pulses in Highly Resistive Shocked Carbon. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:205001. [PMID: 28581770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collimated transport of ultrahigh intensity electron current was observed in cold and in laser-shocked vitreous carbon, in agreement with simulation predictions. The fast electron beams were created by coupling high-intensity and high-contrast laser pulses onto copper-coated cones drilled into the carbon samples. The guiding mechanism-observed only for times before the shock breakout at the inner cone tip-is due to self-generated resistive magnetic fields of ∼0.5-1 kT arising from the intense currents of fast electrons in vitreous carbon, by virtue of its specific high resistivity over the range of explored background temperatures. The spatial distribution of the electron beams, injected through the samples at different stages of compression, was characterized by side-on imaging of hard x-ray fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vaisseau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Touati
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, LULI, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - S D Baton
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, LULI, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Nuter
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Breil
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - J-L Feugeas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Giuffrida
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Kerr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H Sawada
- University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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19
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Freeman RR, Batani D, Baton S, Key M, Stephens R. The Generation and Transport of Large Currents in Dense Materials: The Physics of Electron Transport Relative to Fast Ignition. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Freeman
- The Ohio State University, College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1123 and University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - D. Batani
- Università degli Studi di Milano and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM), Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Baton
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), Palaiseau, France
| | - M. Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. Stephens
- General Atomics, Inc., San Diego, California 92186
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20
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Claps G, Pacella D, Murtas F, Jakubowska K, Boutoux G, Burgy F, Ducret JE, Batani D. The GEMpix detector as new soft X-rays diagnostic tool for laser produced plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:103505. [PMID: 27802760 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Laser produced plasmas lend to several interesting applications. The study of X-ray emission from this kind of plasmas is important not only to characterize plasmas itself but also to study the application of these particular plasmas as intense X-ray sources. In particular several emission configurations can be obtained using different kinds of targets and tuning the characteristics of the laser pulse delivered to the target. Typically, laser pulse duration ranges between a few tens of femtoseconds and tens of nanoseconds, with energies from few mJ to tens of kJ. X-ray photon emissions last for times comparable to the laser pulses and during this time a great number of photons can be emitted. The following paper presents a measure of the soft-X-ray emission on the ECLIPSE laser facility realized with a new triple-GEM gas detector (GEMpix). It is a hybrid gas detector with a C-MOS front-end electronics based on Medipix chips. In the present work, different targets have been used in order to test X-rays of different energies. In this paper, in particular, we present results obtained for copper and iron targets. GEMpix is able to realize a 2D imaging of the X-ray emission from plasma with a signal proportional to the energy released in the gas of the detector active volume. Then through a preliminary single photon equalization realized at the NIXT lab (ENEA), also the number of photons reaching the area of the detector has been estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Claps
- ENEA, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - D Pacella
- ENEA, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - F Murtas
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi, 40, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - K Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Boutoux
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université Bordeaux 1, 351, Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - F Burgy
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université Bordeaux 1, 351, Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - J E Ducret
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université Bordeaux 1, 351, Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université Bordeaux 1, 351, Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
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21
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Rabhi N, Bohacek K, Batani D, Boutoux G, Ducret JE, Guillaume E, Jakubowska K, Thaury C, Thfoin I. Calibration of imaging plates to electrons between 40 and 180 MeV. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053306. [PMID: 27250413 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the response calibration of Imaging Plates (IPs) for electrons in the 40-180 MeV range using laser-accelerated electrons at Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), Palaiseau, France. In the calibration process, the energy spectrum and charge of electron beams are measured by an independent system composed of a magnetic spectrometer and a Lanex scintillator screen used as a calibrated reference detector. It is possible to insert IPs of different types or stacks of IPs in this spectrometer in order to detect dispersed electrons simultaneously. The response values are inferred from the signal on the IPs, due to an appropriate charge calibration of the reference detector. The effect of thin layers of tungsten in front and/or behind IPs is studied in detail. GEANT4 simulations are used in order to analyze our measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rabhi
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - K Bohacek
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Batani
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J-E Ducret
- CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - I Thfoin
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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22
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Boutoux G, Batani D, Burgy F, Ducret JE, Forestier-Colleoni P, Hulin S, Rabhi N, Duval A, Lecherbourg L, Reverdin C, Jakubowska K, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Consoli F, Curcio A, De Angelis R, Ingenito F, Baggio J, Raffestin D. Validation of modelled imaging plates sensitivity to 1-100 keV x-rays and spatial resolution characterisation for diagnostics for the "PETawatt Aquitaine Laser". Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043108. [PMID: 27131655 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their high dynamic range and ability to withstand electromagnetic pulse, imaging plates (IPs) are commonly used as passive detectors in laser-plasma experiments. In the framework of the development of the diagnostics for the Petawatt Aquitaine Laser facility, we present an absolute calibration and spatial resolution study of five different available types of IP (namely, MS-SR-TR-MP-ND) performed by using laser-induced K-shell X-rays emitted by a solid silver target irradiated by the laser ECLIPSE at CEntre Lasers Intenses et Applications. In addition, IP sensitivity measurements were performed with a 160 kV X-ray generator at CEA DAM DIF, where the absolute response of IP SR and TR has been calibrated to X-rays in the energy range 8-75 keV with uncertainties of about 15%. Finally, the response functions have been modeled in Monte Carlo GEANT4 simulations in order to reproduce experimental data. Simulations enable extrapolation of the IP response functions to photon energies from 1 keV to 1 GeV, of interest, e.g., for laser-driven radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boutoux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F Burgy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J-E Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - N Rabhi
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - K Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C I Szabo
- Theiss Research, 7411 Eads Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - F Consoli
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - A Curcio
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Angelis
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ingenito
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - J Baggio
- CEA DAM CESTA, BP 12, F-33405 Le Barp, France
| | - D Raffestin
- CEA DAM CESTA, BP 12, F-33405 Le Barp, France
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Boutoux G, Rabhi N, Batani D, Binet A, Ducret JE, Jakubowska K, Nègre JP, Reverdin C, Thfoin I. Study of imaging plate detector sensitivity to 5-18 MeV electrons. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:113304. [PMID: 26628126 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plates (IPs) are commonly used as passive detectors in laser-plasma experiments. We calibrated at the ELSA electron beam facility (CEA DIF) the five different available types of IPs (namely, MS-SR-TR-MP-ND) to electrons from 5 to 18 MeV. In the context of diagnostic development for the PETawatt Aquitaine Laser (PETAL), we investigated the use of stacks of IP in order to increase the detection efficiency and get detection response independent from the neighboring materials such as X-ray shielding and detector supports. We also measured fading functions in the time range from a few minutes up to a few days. Finally, our results are systematically compared to GEANT4 simulations in order to provide a complete study of the IP response to electrons over the energy range relevant for PETAL experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boutoux
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - N Rabhi
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Binet
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J-E Ducret
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - K Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J-P Nègre
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - I Thfoin
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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24
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Colaïtis A, Duchateau G, Ribeyre X, Maheut Y, Boutoux G, Antonelli L, Nicolaï P, Batani D, Tikhonchuk V. Coupled hydrodynamic model for laser-plasma interaction and hot electron generation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:041101. [PMID: 26565161 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a formulation of the model of laser-plasma interaction (LPI) at hydrodynamical scales that couples the plasma dynamics with linear and nonlinear LPI processes, including the creation and propagation of high-energy electrons excited by parametric instabilities and collective effects. This formulation accounts for laser beam refraction and diffraction, energy absorption due to collisional and resonant processes, and hot electron generation due to the stimulated Raman scattering, two-plasmon decay, and resonant absorption processes. Hot electron (HE) transport and absorption are described within the multigroup angular scattering approximation, adapted for transversally Gaussian electron beams. This multiscale inline LPI-HE model is used to interpret several shock ignition experiments, highlighting the importance of target preheating by HEs and the shortcomings of standard geometrical optics when modeling the propagation and absorption of intense laser pulses. It is found that HEs from parametric instabilities significantly increase the shock pressure and velocity in the target, while decreasing its strength and the overall ablation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colaïtis
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - G Duchateau
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - X Ribeyre
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Y Maheut
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - G Boutoux
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - L Antonelli
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France
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25
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Palmeri P, Boutoux G, Batani D, Quinet P. Effects of target heating on experiments using Kα and Kβ diagnostics. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:033108. [PMID: 26465576 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.033108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the impact of heating and ionization on emission from the target of Kα and Kβ radiation induced by the propagation of hot electrons generated by laser-matter interaction. We consider copper as a test case and, starting from basic principles, we calculate the changes in emission wavelength, ionization cross section, and fluorescence yield as Cu is progressively ionized. We have finally considered the more realistic case when hot electrons have a distribution of energies with average energies of 50 and 500 keV (representative respectively of "shock ignition" and of "fast ignition" experiments) and in which the ions are distributed according to ionization equilibrium. In addition, by confronting our theoretical calculations with existing data, we demonstrate that this study offers a generic theoretical background for temperature diagnostics in laser-plasma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palmeri
- Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, Université de Mons-UMONS, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - G Boutoux
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Quinet
- Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, Université de Mons-UMONS, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- IPNAS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Antonelli L, Forestier-Colleoni P, Folpini G, Bouillaud R, Faenov A, Fedeli L, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Hulin S, Pikuz S, Santos JJ, Volpe L, Batani D. Measurement of reflectivity of spherically bent crystals using Kα signal from hot electrons produced by laser-matter interaction. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073507. [PMID: 26233383 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an experiment at the laser facility ECLIPSE of the CELIA laboratory, University of Bordeaux, we measure the reflectivity of spherically bent crystals that are commonly used to investigate the propagation of fast electrons through the Kα radiation they generate in matter. The experimental reflectivity compares well with predictions from a ray-tracing code that takes into account the specific geometry, although the crystals seem to suffer from aging problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Antonelli
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Folpini
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Bouillaud
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Faenov
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Fedeli
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - J J Santos
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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Thfoin I, Reverdin C, Hulin S, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Batani D, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Duval A, Leboeuf X, Lecherbourg L, Rossé B, Morace A, Santos JJ, Vaisseau X, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Nakatsutsumi M. Publisher's Note: "Monte-Carlo simulation of noise in hard X-ray Transmission Crystal Spectrometers: Identification of contributors to the background noise and shielding optimization" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 11D615 (2014)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:049901. [PMID: 25933909 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Thfoin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - S Hulin
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C I Szabo
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, 75005 Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - D Batani
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - X Leboeuf
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - B Rossé
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Morace
- University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - X Vaisseau
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Vaisseau X, Debayle A, Honrubia JJ, Hulin S, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Sawada H, Vauzour B, Batani D, Beg FN, Davies JR, Fedosejevs R, Gray RJ, Kemp GE, Kerr S, Li K, Link A, McKenna P, McLean HS, Mo M, Patel PK, Park J, Peebles J, Rhee YJ, Sorokovikova A, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Wei M, Santos JJ. Enhanced relativistic-electron-beam energy loss in warm dense aluminum. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:095004. [PMID: 25793822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss in the transport of a beam of relativistic electrons in warm dense aluminum is measured in the regime of ultrahigh electron beam current density over 2×10^{11} A/cm^{2} (time averaged). The samples are heated by shock compression. Comparing to undriven cold solid targets, the roles of the different initial resistivity and of the transient resistivity (upon target heating during electron transport) are directly observable in the experimental data, and are reproduced by a comprehensive set of simulations describing the hydrodynamics of the shock compression and electron beam generation and transport. We measured a 19% increase in electron resistive energy loss in warm dense compared to cold solid samples of identical areal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vaisseau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Debayle
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- LRC MESO, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - CMLA, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Morace
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Sawada
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B Vauzour
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J R Davies
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - R J Gray
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G E Kemp
- Physics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - K Li
- GoLP, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Mo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Peebles
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Y J Rhee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejon 305-600, South Korea
| | - A Sorokovikova
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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Volpe L, Feugeas JL, Nicolai P, Santos JJ, Touati M, Breil J, Batani D, Tikhonchuk V. Controlling the fast electron divergence in a solid target with multiple laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:063108. [PMID: 25615206 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the divergence of laser-driven fast electrons is compulsory to meet the ignition requirements in the fast ignition inertial fusion scheme. It was shown recently that using two consecutive laser pulses one can improve the electron-beam collimation. In this paper we propose an extension of this method by using a sequence of several laser pulses with a gradually increasing intensity. Profiling the laser-pulse intensity opens a possibility to transfer to the electron beam a larger energy while keeping its divergence under control. We present numerical simulations performed with a radiation hydrodynamic code coupled to a reduced kinetic module. Simulation with a sequence of three laser pulses shows that the proposed method allows one to improve the efficiency of the double pulse scheme at least by a factor of 2. This promises to provide an efficient energy transport in a dense matter by a collimated beam of fast electrons, which is relevant for many applications such as ion-beam sources and could present also an interest for fast ignition inertial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Volpe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France and ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - J-L Feugeas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Touati
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Breil
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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Thfoin I, Reverdin C, Hulin S, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Batani D, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Duval A, Leboeuf X, Lecherbourg L, Rossé B, Morace A, Santos JJ, Vaisseau X, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Nakatsutsumi M. Monte-Carlo simulation of noise in hard X-ray Transmission Crystal Spectrometers: identification of contributors to the background noise and shielding optimization. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D615. [PMID: 25430191 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmission crystal spectrometers (TCS) are used on many laser facilities to record hard X-ray spectra. During experiments, signal recorded on imaging plates is often degraded by a background noise. Monte-Carlo simulations made with the code GEANT4 show that this background noise is mainly generated by diffusion of MeV electrons and very hard X-rays. An experiment, carried out at LULI2000, confirmed that the use of magnets in front of the diagnostic, that bent the electron trajectories, reduces significantly this background. The new spectrometer SPECTIX (Spectromètre PETAL à Cristal en TransmIssion X), built for the LMJ/PETAL facility, will include this optimized shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thfoin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Reverdin
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Hulin
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C I Szabo
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, 75005 Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - D Batani
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Leboeuf
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Lecherbourg
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Rossé
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Morace
- University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - X Vaisseau
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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31
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Vauzour B, Santos JJ, Debayle A, Hulin S, Schlenvoigt HP, Vaisseau X, Batani D, Baton SD, Honrubia JJ, Nicolaï P, Beg FN, Benocci R, Chawla S, Coury M, Dorchies F, Fourment C, d'Humières E, Jarrot LC, McKenna P, Rhee YJ, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Yahia V. Relativistic high-current electron-beam stopping-power characterization in solids and plasmas: collisional versus resistive effects. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:255002. [PMID: 23368474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.255002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and numerical results on intense-laser-pulse-produced fast electron beams transport through aluminum samples, either solid or compressed and heated by laser-induced planar shock propagation. Thanks to absolute K(α) yield measurements and its very good agreement with results from numerical simulations, we quantify the collisional and resistive fast electron stopping powers: for electron current densities of ≈ 8 × 10(10) A/cm(2) they reach 1.5 keV/μm and 0.8 keV/μm, respectively. For higher current densities up to 10(12)A/cm(2), numerical simulations show resistive and collisional energy losses at comparable levels. Analytical estimations predict the resistive stopping power will be kept on the level of 1 keV/μm for electron current densities of 10(14)A/cm(2), representative of the full-scale conditions in the fast ignition of inertially confined fusion targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vauzour
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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32
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Batani D, Malka G, Schurtz G, Ribeyre X, Lebel E, Giuffrida L, Tikhonchuk V, Volpe L, Patria A, Koester P, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Antonelli L, Richetta M, Nejdl J, Sawicka M, Margarone D, Krus M, Krousky E, Skala J, Dudzak R, Velyhan A, Ullshmied J, Renner O, Smid M, Klimo O, Atzeni S, Marocchino A, Schiavi A, Spindloe C, O'Dell T, Vinci T, Wolowski J, Badziak J, Pysarcizck T, Rosinski M, Kalinowska Z, Chodukowski T. Preliminary results from recent experiments and future roadmap to Shock Ignition of Fusion Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/399/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Perego C, Batani D, Zani A, Passoni M. Target normal sheath acceleration analytical modeling, comparative study and developments. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:02B502. [PMID: 22380301 DOI: 10.1063/1.3666188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-intense laser interaction with solid targets appears to be an extremely promising technique to accelerate ions up to several MeV, producing beams that exhibit interesting properties for many foreseen applications. Nowadays, most of all the published experimental results can be theoretically explained in the framework of the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism proposed by Wilks et al. [Phys. Plasmas 8(2), 542 (2001)]. As an alternative to numerical simulation various analytical or semi-analytical TNSA models have been published in the latest years, each of them trying to provide predictions for some of the ion beam features, given the initial laser and target parameters. However, the problem of developing a reliable model for the TNSA process is still open, which is why the purpose of this work is to enlighten the present situation of TNSA modeling and experimental results, by means of a quantitative comparison between measurements and theoretical predictions of the maximum ion energy. Moreover, in the light of such an analysis, some indications for the future development of the model proposed by Passoni and Lontano [Phys. Plasmas 13(4), 042102 (2006)] are then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perego
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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34
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Pérez F, Debayle A, Honrubia J, Koenig M, Batani D, Baton SD, Beg FN, Benedetti C, Brambrink E, Chawla S, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Galimberti M, Gizzi LA, Gremillet L, Heathcote R, Higginson DP, Hulin S, Jafer R, Koester P, Labate L, Lancaster KL, MacKinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, Nazarov W, Nicolai P, Pasley J, Ramis R, Richetta M, Santos JJ, Sgattoni A, Spindloe C, Vauzour B, Vinci T, Volpe L. Magnetically guided fast electrons in cylindrically compressed matter. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:065004. [PMID: 21902333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.065004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fast electrons produced by a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse through laser-compressed plastic cylinders are studied experimentally and numerically in the context of fast ignition. K(α)-emission images reveal a collimated or scattered electron beam depending on the initial density and the compression timing. A numerical transport model shows that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields able to guide the electrons. The good agreement with measured beam sizes provides the first experimental evidence for fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pérez
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France.
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35
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Santos JJ, Batani D, McKenna P, Baton SD, Dorchies F, Dubrouil A, Fourment C, Hulin S, d'Humières E, Nicolaï PH, Gremillet L, Debayle A, Honrubia JJ, Carpeggiani P, Veltcheva M, Quinn MN, Brambrink E, Tikhonchuk V. Fast electron propagation in high-density plasmas created by 1D shock wave compression: Experiments and simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Ravasio A, Romagnani L, Le Pape S, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Cecchetti C, Batani D, Boehly T, Borghesi M, Dezulian R, Gremillet L, Henry E, Hicks D, Loupias B, MacKinnon A, Ozaki N, Park HS, Patel P, Schiavi A, Vinci T, Clarke R, Notley M, Bandyopadhyay S, Koenig M. Proton radiography of a shock-compressed target. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:016407. [PMID: 20866747 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.016407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the radiography of a shock-compressed target using laser produced proton beams. A low-density carbon foam target was shock compressed by long pulse high-energy laser beams. The shock front was transversally probed with a proton beam produced in the interaction of a high intensity laser beam with a gold foil. We show that from radiography data, the density profile in the shocked target can be deduced using Monte Carlo simulations. By changing the delay between long and short pulse beams, we could probe different plasma conditions and structures, demonstrating that the details of the steep density gradient can be resolved. This technique is validated as a diagnostic for the investigation of warm dense plasmas, allowing an in situ characterization of high-density contrasted plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravasio
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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37
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Flacco A, Sylla F, Veltcheva M, Carrié M, Nuter R, Lefebvre E, Batani D, Malka V. Dependence on pulse duration and foil thickness in high-contrast-laser proton acceleration. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:036405. [PMID: 20365880 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.036405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental measurements of proton acceleration with high intensity and high-contrast short laser pulses have been carried out over an order of magnitude range in target thickness and laser pulse duration. The dependence of the maximum proton energy with these parameters is qualitatively supported by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. They evidence that two regimes of proton acceleration can take place, depending on the ratio between the density gradient and the hot electron Debye length at the rear target surface. As this ratio can be affected by the target thickness, a complex interplay between pulse duration and target thickness is observed. Measurements and simulations support unexpected variations in the laser absorption and hot electron temperature with the pulse duration and laser intensity, for which density profile modification at the target front surface is the controlling parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique-ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7639, Chemin de la Huniére, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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38
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Inubushi Y, Okano Y, Nishimura H, Cai H, Nagatomo H, Kai T, Kawamura T, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Malka G, Boscheron A, Bonville O, Grenier J, Canal P, Lacoste B, Lepage C, Marmande L, Mazataud E, Casner A, Koenig M, Fujioka S, Nakamura T, Johzaki T, Mima K. X-ray polarization spectroscopy to study anisotropic velocity distribution of hot electrons produced by an ultra-high-intensity laser. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:036410. [PMID: 20365885 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.036410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropy of the hot-electron velocity distribution in ultra-high-intensity laser produced plasma was studied with x-ray polarization spectroscopy using multilayer planar targets including x-ray emission tracer in the middle layer. This measurement serves as a diagnostic for hot-electron transport from the laser-plasma interaction region to the overdense region where drastic changes in the isotropy of the electron velocity distribution are observed. These polarization degrees are consistent with analysis of a three-dimensional polarization spectroscopy model coupled with particle-in-cell simulations. Electron velocity distribution in the underdense region is affected by the electric field of the laser and that in the overdense region becomes wider with increase in the tracer depth. A full-angular spread in the overdense region of 22.4 degrees -2.4+5.4 was obtained from the measured polarization degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inubushi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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39
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Rassuchine J, d'Humières E, Baton SD, Guillou P, Koenig M, Chahid M, Perez F, Fuchs J, Audebert P, Kodama R, Nakatsutsumi M, Ozaki N, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Gremillet L, Rousseaux C, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Adams J, Korgan G, Malekos S, Hansen SB, Shepherd R, Flippo K, Gaillard S, Sentoku Y, Cowan TE. Enhanced hot-electron localization and heating in high-contrast ultraintense laser irradiation of microcone targets. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:036408. [PMID: 19392065 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report experiments demonstrating enhanced coupling efficiencies of high-contrast laser irradiation to nanofabricated conical targets. Peak temperatures near 200 eV are observed with modest laser energy (10 J), revealing similar hot-electron localization and material heating to reduced mass targets (RMTs), despite having a significantly larger mass. Collisional particle-in-cell simulations attribute the enhancement to self-generated resistive (approximately 10 MG) magnetic fields forming within the curvature of the cone wall, which confine energetic electrons to heat a reduced volume at the tip. This represents a different electron confinement mechanism (magnetic, as opposed to electrostatic sheath confinement in RMTs) controllable by target shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rassuchine
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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40
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Aliverdiev A, Batani D, Dezulian R, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Koenig M, Malka V. Coronal hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:046404. [PMID: 18999540 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.046404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of an experimental investigation of the temporal evolution of plasmas produced by high power laser irradiation of various types of target materials (at intensities I(L) < or = 10(14) W/cm2). We obtained interferometric data on the evolution of the plasma profile, which can directly be compared to analytical models and numerical simulations. For aluminum and plastic targets, the agreement with 1D simulations done with the hydrocode MULTI is excellent, at least for large times (t > or = 400 ps) . In this case, simulations also show that the effect of radiation transport is negligible. The situation is quite different for gold targets for which, in order to get a fair agreement, radiation transport must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aliverdiev
- Institute of Physics of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of the Science, 367003, Russia, Daghestan, Makhachkala, 94 Yaragskogo Street
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41
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Mulser P, Ruhl H, Schneider R, Batani D. Coronal fast ignition by laser: relativistic critical density increase and constraints on maximum laser wavelength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Rassuchine J, d'Humières E, Baton S, Fuchs J, Guillou P, Koenig M, Kodama R, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Gremillet L, Rousseaux C, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Adams J, Korgan G, Malekos S, Sentoku Y, Cowan TE. Enhanced energy localization and heating in high contrast ultra-intense laser produced plasmas via novel conical micro-target design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Carroll DC, McKenna P, Lundh O, Lindau F, Wahlström CG, Bandyopadhyay S, Pepler D, Neely D, Kar S, Simpson PT, Markey K, Zepf M, Bellei C, Evans RG, Redaelli R, Batani D, Xu MH, Li YT. Active manipulation of the spatial energy distribution of laser-accelerated proton beams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:065401. [PMID: 18233889 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.065401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The spatial energy distributions of beams of protons accelerated by ultrahigh intensity (>10(19)Wcm2) picosecond laser pulse interactions with thin foil targets are investigated. Using separate, low intensity (<10(13)Wcm2) nanosecond laser pulses, focused onto the front surface of the target foil prior to the arrival of the high intensity pulse, it is demonstrated that the proton beam profile can be actively manipulated. In particular, results obtained with an annular intensity distribution at the focus of the low intensity beam are presented, showing smooth proton beams with a sharp circular boundary at all energies, which represents a significant improvement in the beam quality compared to irradiation with the picosecond beam alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Carroll
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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44
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Batani D, Stabile H, Canova F, Koenig M, Benuzzi A, Nishimura H, Ochi Y, Ullschmied J, Skala J, Kralikova B, Pfeifer M, Mocek T, Präg A. High-pressure behavior of carbon by laser-generated shocks. Russ J Phys Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024407090026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Lundh O, Lindau F, Persson A, Wahlström CG, McKenna P, Batani D. Influence of shock waves on laser-driven proton acceleration. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:026404. [PMID: 17930159 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.026404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of shock waves, driven by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), on laser-accelerated proton beams is investigated. A local deformation, produced by a cold shock wave launched by the ablation pressure of the ASE pedestal, can under oblique laser irradiation significantly direct the proton beam toward the laser axis. This can be understood in the frame of target normal sheath acceleration as proton emission from an area of the target where the local target normal is shifted toward the laser axis. Hydrodynamic simulations and experimental data show that there exists a window in laser and target parameter space where the target can be significantly deformed and yet facilitate efficient proton acceleration. The dependence of the magnitude of the deflection on target material, foil thickness, and ASE pedestal intensity and duration is experimentally investigated. The deflection angle is found to increase with increasing ASE intensity and duration and decrease with increasing target thickness. In a comparison between aluminum and copper target foils, aluminum is found to yield a larger proton beam deflection. An analytic model is successfully used to predict the proton emission direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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46
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Marengoni C, Canova F, Batani D, Benocci R, Librizzi M, Narayanan V, Gomareschi M, Lucchini G, Kilpio A, Shashkov E, Stuchebrukhov I, Vovchenko V, Chernomyrdin V, Krasuyk I, Hall T, Bittanti S. Mode-locking optimization with a real-time feedback system in a Nd:yttrium lithium fluoride laser cavity. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:013105. [PMID: 17503905 DOI: 10.1063/1.2356853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a control system, which allows an automatic optimization of the pulse train stability in a mode-locked laser cavity. In order to obtain real-time corrections, we chose a closed loop approach. The control variable is the cavity length, mechanically adjusted by gear system acting on the rear cavity mirror, and the controlled variable is the envelope modulation of the mode-locked pulse train. Such automatic control system maintains the amplitude of the mode-locking pulse train stable within a few percent rms during the working time of the laser. Full implementation of the system on an Nd:yttrium lithium fluoride actively mode-locked laser is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marengoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica G.Occhialini, Università di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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47
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Martinolli E, Koenig M, Baton SD, Santos JJ, Amiranoff F, Batani D, Perelli-Cippo E, Scianitti F, Gremillet L, Mélizzi R, Decoster A, Rousseaux C, Hall TA, Key MH, Snavely R, MacKinnon AJ, Freeman RR, King JA, Stephens R, Neely D, Clarke RJ. Fast-electron transport and heating of solid targets in high-intensity laser interactions measured by K alpha fluorescence. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 73:046402. [PMID: 16711934 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.046402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results on fast-electron energy deposition into solid targets in ultrahigh intensity laser-matter interaction. X-ray K alpha emission spectroscopy with absolute photon counting served to diagnose fast-electron propagation in multilayered targets. Target heating was measured from ionization-shifted K alpha emission. Data show a 200 microm fast-electron range in solid Al. The relative intensities of spectrally shifted Al K alpha lines imply a mean temperature of a few tens of eV up to a 100 microm depth. Experimental results suggest refluxing of the electron beam at target rear side. They were compared with the predictions of both a collisional Monte Carlo and a collisional-electromagnetic, particle-fluid transport code. The validity of the code modeling of heating in such highly transient conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinolli
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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48
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Dezulian R, Canova F, Barbanotti S, Orsenigo F, Redaelli R, Vinci T, Lucchini G, Batani D, Rus B, Polan J, Kozlová M, Stupka M, Praeg AR, Homer P, Havlicek T, Soukup M, Krousky E, Skala J, Dudzak R, Pfeifer M, Nishimura H, Nagai K, Ito F, Norimatsu T, Kilpio A, Shashkov E, Stuchebrukhov I, Vovchenko V, Chernomyrdin V, Krasuyk I. Hugoniot data of plastic foams obtained from laser-driven shocks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 73:047401. [PMID: 16711961 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present Hugoniot data for plastic foams obtained with laser-driven shocks. Relative equation-of-state data for foams were obtained using Al as a reference material. The diagnostics consisted in the detection of shock breakout from double layer Al/foam targets. The foams [poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) with density 130 > rho > 60 mg/cm3] were produced at the Institute of Laser Engineering of Osaka University. The experiment was performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 microm wavelength and irradiances up to a few 10(14) W/cm2. Pressures as high as 3.6 Mbar (previously unreached for such low-density materials) where generated in the foams. Samples with four different values of initial density were used, in order to explore a wider region of the phase diagram. Shock acceleration when the shock crosses the Al/foam interface was also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dezulian
- Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
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49
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Manclossi M, Santos JJ, Batani D, Faure J, Debayle A, Tikhonchuk VT, Malka V. Study of ultraintense laser-produced fast-electron propagation and filamentation in insulator and metal foil targets by optical emission diagnostics. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:125002. [PMID: 16605915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of an intense electron beam produced by ultrahigh intensity laser pulses through metals and insulators has been studied by high resolution imaging of the optical emission from the targets. In metals, the emission is mainly due to coherent transition radiation, while in plastic, it is due to the Cerenkov effect and it is orders of magnitude larger. It is also observed that in the case of insulators the fast-electron beam undergoes strong filamentation and the number of filaments increases with the target thickness. This filamented behavior in insulators is due to the instability of the ionization front related to the electric field ionization process. The filamentary structures characteristic growth rate and characteristic transversal scale are in agreement with analytical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manclossi
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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50
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Lindau F, Lundh O, Persson A, McKenna P, Osvay K, Batani D, Wahlström CG. Laser-accelerated protons with energy-dependent beam direction. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:175002. [PMID: 16383834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of protons, accelerated by intense femtosecond laser pulses interacting with thin target foils under oblique irradiation are investigated. Under certain conditions, the proton beams are directed away from the target normal. This deviation is towards the laser forward direction, with an angle that increases with the level and duration of the amplified spontaneous emission pedestal before the main laser pulse. In addition, for a given laser pulse, this beam deviation increases with proton energy. The observations are discussed in terms of different electron acceleration mechanisms and target normal sheath acceleration, in combination with a laser-controllable shock wave locally deforming the target rear surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lindau
- Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
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