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Rey-Cadilhac L, Botreau R, Ferlay A, Hulin S, Hurtaud C, Lardy R, Martin B, Laurent C. Co-construction of a method for evaluating the intrinsic quality of bovine milk in relation to its fate. Animal 2021; 15:100264. [PMID: 34102431 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are time-tested assessments for the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability. Its societal aspect has mainly been approached through the assessment of animal welfare. However, the intrinsic quality of milk is seldom taken into account. We developed a participatory construction method for the overall assessment of intrinsic milk quality in its different dimensions (sensory, technological, nutritional and health), according to the fate of the raw milk. Two assessment models were developed, for semi-skimmed standardized ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk and for pressed uncooked non-standardized raw milk cheese. They were constructed by a participatory approach involving experts in the dairy sector with the aim to obtain a diagnostic tool that could be used in the field to help farmers to manage the quality of their milk (by prioritizing improvements on major problems). They were shaped from prerequisite specifications (limited costs and time of application, desire to obtain a transparent tool with all the steps kept visible) and current technical and scientific knowledge. They were based on indicators obtained from raw bulk tank milk analyses (30 for UHT milk and 50 for cheese assessments), which were then aggregated into criteria, principles, dimensions and overall intrinsic quality at farm level. The assessment models had parts in common, for example, same four dimensions, common indicators for health and nutritional dimensions. They also had process-specific features: units chosen, criteria, indicators and weightings in relation to the final product specifications. For instance, sensory and technological dimensions are more complex and preponderant in the cheese assessment (three principles for cheese vs one for UHT milk in both dimensions). Another example is the lack of microbial pathogens (as potential health risk for consumer) in the UHT milk assessment because of pasteurization. The assessment models then underwent a sensitivity analysis and an application in 30 farms in indoor and grazing periods to finally obtain overall UHT milk and cheese quality scores at a 1-year level. The tool was found to be applicable at farm level. However, we observed low overall quality scores with a narrow dispersion, characteristic of a severe evaluation. Even so, the assessment models showed up seasonal differences of the UHT milk and cheese quality at both overall and dimensional levels. In the light of new scientific knowledge and future quality objectives, these are adaptable to other dairy products allowing for their specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rey-Cadilhac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - R Botreau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Hulin
- Pôle Fromager AOP Massif Central, F-15000 Aurillac, France
| | - C Hurtaud
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - R Lardy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - B Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Laurent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Coppa M, Martin B, Hulin S, Guillemin J, Gauzentes JV, Pecou A, Andueza D. Prediction of indicators of cow diet composition and authentication of feeding specifications of Protected Designation of Origin cheese using mid-infrared spectroscopy on milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:112-125. [PMID: 33162089 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) to predict indicators (1) of diet composition in dairy herds and (2) for the authentication of the cow feeding restrictions included in the specification of 2 Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheeses (Cantal and Laguiole) was tested on 7,607 bulk milk spectra from 1,355 farms located in the Massif Central area of France. For each milk sample, the corresponding cow diet composition data were obtained through on-farm surveys. The cow diet compositions varied largely (i.e., from full grazing for extensive farming systems to corn silage-based diets, which are typical of more intensive farming systems). Partial least square regression and discriminant analysis were used to predict the proportion of different feedstuffs in the cows' diets and to authenticate the cow feeding restrictions for the PDO cheese specifications, respectively. The groups for the discriminant analysis were created by dividing the data set according to the threshold of a specific feedstuff. They were issued based on the specifications of the restriction of the PDO cheese. The pasture proportion in the cows' diets was predicted by MIR with an coefficient of determination in external validation (R2V) = 0.81 and a standard error of prediction of 11.7% dry matter. Pasture + hay, corn silage, conserved herbage, fermented forage, and total herbage proportion in the cows' diets were predicted with a R2V >0.61 and a standard error of prediction <14.8. The discrimination models for pasture presence, pasture ≥50%, and pasture ≥57% in the cows' diets achieved an accuracy and specificity ≥90%. A sensitivity and precision ≥85% were also observed for the pasture proportion discrimination models, but both of these indexes decreased at increasing thresholds from 0 to 50, and 57% pasture in the cows' diets. An accuracy ≥80% was also observed for pasture + hay ≥72%, herbage ≥50%, pasture + hay ≥25%, absence of fermented herbage, absence of corn silage, and corn silage ≤30% in the cows' diets, but for several models, either the sensitivity or precision was lower than the accuracy. Models built on the simultaneous respect of all the criteria of the feeding restrictions of PDO cheese specifications achieved an accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision >90%. Both the regression and discriminant MIR models for bulk milk can provide useful indicators of cow diet composition and PDO cheese specifications to producers and consumers (farmers, dairy plants).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coppa
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - B Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Hulin
- Pôle Fromager AOP Massif Central, 20 Côte de Reyne, F-15000 Aurillac, France
| | - J Guillemin
- Cantal Conseil Elevage, 26 Rue du 139ème Régiment d'Infanterie-BP 239, F-15002 Aurillac
| | | | - A Pecou
- Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL), 42 Rue de Châteaudun I, F-75314 Paris, France
| | - D Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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3
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Bouffetier V, Ceurvorst L, Valdivia MP, Dorchies F, Hulin S, Goudal T, Stutman D, Casner A. Proof-of-concept Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry with a high-intensity, high-repetition-rate, laser-driven K-alpha source. Appl Opt 2020; 59:8380-8387. [PMID: 32976425 DOI: 10.1364/ao.398839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry is a grating-based phase-contrast technique, which enables measurement of refractive index changes in matter with micrometric spatial resolution. The technique has been established using a variety of hard x-ray sources, including synchrotron, free-electron lasers, and x-ray tubes, and could be used in the optical range for low-density plasmas. The tremendous development of table-top high-power lasers makes the use of high-intensity, laser-driven K-alpha sources appealing for Talbot-Lau interferometer applications in both high-energy-density plasma experiments and biological imaging. To this end, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, feasibility study of Talbot-Lau phase-contrast imaging using a high-repetition-rate laser of moderate energy (100 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz) to irradiate a copper backlighter foil. The results from up to 900 laser pulses were integrated to form interferometric images. A constant fringe contrast of 20% is demonstrated over 100 accumulations, while the signal-to-noise ratio continued to increase with the number of shots. Phase retrieval is demonstrated without prior ex-situ phase stepping. Instead, correlation matrices are used to compensate for the displacement between reference acquisition and the probing of a PMMA target rod. The steps for improved measurements with more energetic laser systems are discussed. The final results are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted outcomes, demonstrating the applicability of this diagnostic to a range of laser facilities for use across several disciplines.
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Dubois JL, Rączka P, Hulin S, Rosiński M, Ryć L, Parys P, Zaraś-Szydłowska A, Makaruk D, Tchórz P, Badziak J, Wołowski J, Ribolzi J, Tikhonchuk V. Publisher's Note: "Experimental demonstration of an electromagnetic pulse mitigation concept for a laser driven proton source" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 103301 (2018)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:039901. [PMID: 30927816 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Dubois
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
| | - P Rączka
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Hulin
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
| | - M Rosiński
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Ryć
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Parys
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - D Makaruk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Tchórz
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Badziak
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wołowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - V Tikhonchuk
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
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5
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Dubois JL, Rączka P, Hulin S, Rosiński M, Ryć L, Parys P, Zaraś-Szydłowska A, Makaruk D, Tchórz P, Badziak J, Wołowski J, Ribolzi J, Tikhonchuk V. Experimental demonstration of an electromagnetic pulse mitigation concept for a laser driven proton source. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:103301. [PMID: 30399874 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The targets that are used to produce high-energy protons with ultra-high intensity lasers generate a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP). To mitigate that undesired side effect, we developed and tested a concept called the "birdhouse." It consists in confining the EMP field in a finite volume and in dissipating the trapped electromagnetic energy with an electric resistor. A prototype was tested at a 10 TW 50 fs laser facility. The recorded average EMP mitigation ratio is about 20 for frequencies from 100 MHz to 6 GHz. The EMP mitigation ratio attains the level of 50 in the frequency range of 1-2 GHz where microwave emission is maximal. We measured the intensity of proton emission in two directions: along the laser propagation direction and along the edge of the proton beam. We observed that the "birdhouse" induces a two-fold increase of the intensity in the center of the proton beam and a two-fold reduction of the intensity on its edge. We did not observe any modification of the proton beam normalized spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dubois
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
| | - P Rączka
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Hulin
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
| | - M Rosiński
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Ryć
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Parys
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - D Makaruk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Tchórz
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Badziak
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wołowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - V Tikhonchuk
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence, France
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Bailly-Grandvaux M, Santos JJ, Bellei C, Forestier-Colleoni P, Fujioka S, Giuffrida L, Honrubia JJ, Batani D, Bouillaud R, Chevrot M, Cross JE, Crowston R, Dorard S, Dubois JL, Ehret M, Gregori G, Hulin S, Kojima S, Loyez E, Marquès JR, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Roth M, Sakata S, Schaumann G, Serres F, Servel J, Tikhonchuk VT, Woolsey N, Zhang Z. Guiding of relativistic electron beams in dense matter by laser-driven magnetostatic fields. Nat Commun 2018; 9:102. [PMID: 29317653 PMCID: PMC5760627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense lasers interacting with dense targets accelerate relativistic electron beams, which transport part of the laser energy into the target depth. However, the overall laser-to-target energy coupling efficiency is impaired by the large divergence of the electron beam, intrinsic to the laser-plasma interaction. Here we demonstrate that an efficient guiding of MeV electrons with about 30 MA current in solid matter is obtained by imposing a laser-driven longitudinal magnetostatic field of 600 T. In the magnetized conditions the transported energy density and the peak background electron temperature at the 60-μm-thick target's rear surface rise by about a factor of five, as unfolded from benchmarked simulations. Such an improvement of energy-density flux through dense matter paves the ground for advances in laser-driven intense sources of energetic particles and radiation, driving matter to extreme temperatures, reaching states relevant for planetary or stellar science as yet inaccessible at the laboratory scale and achieving high-gain laser-driven thermonuclear fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - C Bellei
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Giuffrida
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros 3, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - R Bouillaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Chevrot
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J E Cross
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Crowston
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Dorard
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-L Dubois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Ehret
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - E Loyez
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-R Marquès
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - G Schaumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Serres
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J Servel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Poyé A, Hulin S, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Dubois JL, Ribolzi J, Raffestin D, Bardon M, Lubrano-Lavaderci F, D'Humières E, Santos JJ, Nicolaï P, Tikhonchuk V. Erratum: Physics of giant electromagnetic pulse generation in short-pulse laser experiments [Phys. Rev. E 91, 043106 (2015)]. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:019903. [PMID: 29448451 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.019903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.043106.
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Vaisseau X, Morace A, Touati M, Nakatsutsumi M, Baton SD, Hulin S, Nicolaï P, Nuter R, Batani D, Beg FN, Breil J, Fedosejevs R, Feugeas JL, Forestier-Colleoni P, Fourment C, Fujioka S, Giuffrida L, Kerr S, McLean HS, Sawada H, Tikhonchuk VT, Santos JJ. Collimated Propagation of Fast Electron Beams Accelerated by High-Contrast Laser Pulses in Highly Resistive Shocked Carbon. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:205001. [PMID: 28581770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collimated transport of ultrahigh intensity electron current was observed in cold and in laser-shocked vitreous carbon, in agreement with simulation predictions. The fast electron beams were created by coupling high-intensity and high-contrast laser pulses onto copper-coated cones drilled into the carbon samples. The guiding mechanism-observed only for times before the shock breakout at the inner cone tip-is due to self-generated resistive magnetic fields of ∼0.5-1 kT arising from the intense currents of fast electrons in vitreous carbon, by virtue of its specific high resistivity over the range of explored background temperatures. The spatial distribution of the electron beams, injected through the samples at different stages of compression, was characterized by side-on imaging of hard x-ray fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vaisseau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Touati
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, LULI, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - S D Baton
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, LULI, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Nuter
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Breil
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - J-L Feugeas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Giuffrida
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Kerr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H Sawada
- University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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9
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Duval P, Chatelard-Chauvin C, Gayard C, Rifa E, Bouchard P, Hulin S, Picque D, Montel M. Microbial dynamics in industrial blue veined cheeses in different packaging. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Boutoux G, Batani D, Burgy F, Ducret JE, Forestier-Colleoni P, Hulin S, Rabhi N, Duval A, Lecherbourg L, Reverdin C, Jakubowska K, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Consoli F, Curcio A, De Angelis R, Ingenito F, Baggio J, Raffestin D. Validation of modelled imaging plates sensitivity to 1-100 keV x-rays and spatial resolution characterisation for diagnostics for the "PETawatt Aquitaine Laser". Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043108. [PMID: 27131655 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their high dynamic range and ability to withstand electromagnetic pulse, imaging plates (IPs) are commonly used as passive detectors in laser-plasma experiments. In the framework of the development of the diagnostics for the Petawatt Aquitaine Laser facility, we present an absolute calibration and spatial resolution study of five different available types of IP (namely, MS-SR-TR-MP-ND) performed by using laser-induced K-shell X-rays emitted by a solid silver target irradiated by the laser ECLIPSE at CEntre Lasers Intenses et Applications. In addition, IP sensitivity measurements were performed with a 160 kV X-ray generator at CEA DAM DIF, where the absolute response of IP SR and TR has been calibrated to X-rays in the energy range 8-75 keV with uncertainties of about 15%. Finally, the response functions have been modeled in Monte Carlo GEANT4 simulations in order to reproduce experimental data. Simulations enable extrapolation of the IP response functions to photon energies from 1 keV to 1 GeV, of interest, e.g., for laser-driven radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boutoux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F Burgy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J-E Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - N Rabhi
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - K Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C I Szabo
- Theiss Research, 7411 Eads Avenue, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - F Consoli
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - A Curcio
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Angelis
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ingenito
- ENEA for EUROfusion, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - J Baggio
- CEA DAM CESTA, BP 12, F-33405 Le Barp, France
| | - D Raffestin
- CEA DAM CESTA, BP 12, F-33405 Le Barp, France
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11
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Tornambé G, Lucas A, Verdier-Metz I, Hulin S, Agabriel C, Martin B. Effect of production systems on sensory characteristics of PDO Cantal cheese. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Poyé A, Dubois JL, Lubrano-Lavaderci F, D'Humières E, Bardon M, Hulin S, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Ribolzi J, Raffestin D, Santos JJ, Nicolaï P, Tikhonchuk V. Publisher's Note: Dynamic model of target charging by short laser pulse interactions [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043107 (2015)]. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:059902. [PMID: 26651818 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.059902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.043107.
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13
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Poyé A, Dubois JL, Lubrano-Lavaderci F, D'Humières E, Bardon M, Hulin S, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Ribolzi J, Raffestin D, Santos JJ, Nicolaï P, Tikhonchuk V. Dynamic model of target charging by short laser pulse interactions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:043107. [PMID: 26565356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.043107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A model providing an accurate estimate of the charge accumulation on the surface of a metallic target irradiated by a high-intensity laser pulse of fs-ps duration is proposed. The model is confirmed by detailed comparisons with specially designed experiments. Such a model is useful for understanding the electromagnetic pulse emission and the quasistatic magnetic field generation in laser-plasma interaction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poyé
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - J-L Dubois
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | | | - E D'Humières
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - M Bardon
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | - S Hulin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - J Ribolzi
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | | | - J J Santos
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
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14
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Chatelard-Chauvin C, Pelissier F, Hulin S, Montel M. Behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk Cantal type cheeses during cheese making, ripening and storage in different packaging conditions. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Antonelli L, Forestier-Colleoni P, Folpini G, Bouillaud R, Faenov A, Fedeli L, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Hulin S, Pikuz S, Santos JJ, Volpe L, Batani D. Measurement of reflectivity of spherically bent crystals using Kα signal from hot electrons produced by laser-matter interaction. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073507. [PMID: 26233383 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an experiment at the laser facility ECLIPSE of the CELIA laboratory, University of Bordeaux, we measure the reflectivity of spherically bent crystals that are commonly used to investigate the propagation of fast electrons through the Kα radiation they generate in matter. The experimental reflectivity compares well with predictions from a ray-tracing code that takes into account the specific geometry, although the crystals seem to suffer from aging problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Antonelli
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - G Folpini
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - R Bouillaud
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Faenov
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Fedeli
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - J J Santos
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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16
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Poyé A, Hulin S, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Dubois JL, Ribolzi J, Raffestin D, Bardon M, Lubrano-Lavaderci F, D'Humières E, Santos JJ, Nicolaï P, Tikhonchuk V. Physics of giant electromagnetic pulse generation in short-pulse laser experiments. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:043106. [PMID: 25974601 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.043106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the physical processes that lead to the generation of giant electromagnetic pulses (GEMPs) at powerful laser facilities. Our study is based on experimental measurements of both the charging of a solid target irradiated by an ultra-short, ultra-intense laser and the detection of the electromagnetic emission in the GHz domain. An unambiguous correlation between the neutralization current in the target holder and the electromagnetic emission shows that the source of the GEMP is the remaining positive charge inside the target after the escape of fast electrons accelerated by the ultra-intense laser. A simple model for calculating this charge in the thick target case is presented. From this model and knowing the geometry of the target holder, it becomes possible to estimate the intensity and the dominant frequencies of the GEMP at any facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poyé
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - S Hulin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - J-L Dubois
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | - J Ribolzi
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | | | - M Bardon
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | | | - E D'Humières
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - J J Santos
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
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17
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Thfoin I, Reverdin C, Hulin S, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Batani D, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Duval A, Leboeuf X, Lecherbourg L, Rossé B, Morace A, Santos JJ, Vaisseau X, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Nakatsutsumi M. Publisher's Note: "Monte-Carlo simulation of noise in hard X-ray Transmission Crystal Spectrometers: Identification of contributors to the background noise and shielding optimization" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 11D615 (2014)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:049901. [PMID: 25933909 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Thfoin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - S Hulin
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C I Szabo
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, 75005 Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - D Batani
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - X Leboeuf
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - B Rossé
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Morace
- University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - X Vaisseau
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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18
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Vaisseau X, Debayle A, Honrubia JJ, Hulin S, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Sawada H, Vauzour B, Batani D, Beg FN, Davies JR, Fedosejevs R, Gray RJ, Kemp GE, Kerr S, Li K, Link A, McKenna P, McLean HS, Mo M, Patel PK, Park J, Peebles J, Rhee YJ, Sorokovikova A, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Wei M, Santos JJ. Enhanced relativistic-electron-beam energy loss in warm dense aluminum. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:095004. [PMID: 25793822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss in the transport of a beam of relativistic electrons in warm dense aluminum is measured in the regime of ultrahigh electron beam current density over 2×10^{11} A/cm^{2} (time averaged). The samples are heated by shock compression. Comparing to undriven cold solid targets, the roles of the different initial resistivity and of the transient resistivity (upon target heating during electron transport) are directly observable in the experimental data, and are reproduced by a comprehensive set of simulations describing the hydrodynamics of the shock compression and electron beam generation and transport. We measured a 19% increase in electron resistive energy loss in warm dense compared to cold solid samples of identical areal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vaisseau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Debayle
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- LRC MESO, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - CMLA, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Morace
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Sawada
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B Vauzour
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J R Davies
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - R J Gray
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G E Kemp
- Physics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - K Li
- GoLP, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Mo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Peebles
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Y J Rhee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejon 305-600, South Korea
| | - A Sorokovikova
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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Thfoin I, Reverdin C, Hulin S, Szabo CI, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Batani D, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Duval A, Leboeuf X, Lecherbourg L, Rossé B, Morace A, Santos JJ, Vaisseau X, Fourment C, Giuffrida L, Nakatsutsumi M. Monte-Carlo simulation of noise in hard X-ray Transmission Crystal Spectrometers: identification of contributors to the background noise and shielding optimization. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D615. [PMID: 25430191 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmission crystal spectrometers (TCS) are used on many laser facilities to record hard X-ray spectra. During experiments, signal recorded on imaging plates is often degraded by a background noise. Monte-Carlo simulations made with the code GEANT4 show that this background noise is mainly generated by diffusion of MeV electrons and very hard X-rays. An experiment, carried out at LULI2000, confirmed that the use of magnets in front of the diagnostic, that bent the electron trajectories, reduces significantly this background. The new spectrometer SPECTIX (Spectromètre PETAL à Cristal en TransmIssion X), built for the LMJ/PETAL facility, will include this optimized shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thfoin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Reverdin
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Hulin
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C I Szabo
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, CNRS, UPMC, 75005 Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - D Batani
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - E Brambrink
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Duval
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Leboeuf
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Lecherbourg
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Rossé
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Morace
- University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - X Vaisseau
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Giuffrida
- CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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20
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Dubois JL, Lubrano-Lavaderci F, Raffestin D, Ribolzi J, Gazave J, Compant La Fontaine A, d'Humières E, Hulin S, Nicolaï P, Poyé A, Tikhonchuk VT. Target charging in short-pulse-laser-plasma experiments. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:013102. [PMID: 24580341 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with solid targets results in generation of large quantities of energetic electrons that are the origin of various effects such as intense x-ray emission, ion acceleration, and so on. Some of these electrons are escaping the target, leaving behind a significant positive electric charge and creating a strong electromagnetic pulse long after the end of the laser pulse. We propose here a detailed model of the target electric polarization induced by a short and intense laser pulse and an escaping electron bunch. A specially designed experiment provides direct measurements of the target polarization and the discharge current in the function of the laser energy, pulse duration, and target size. Large-scale numerical simulations describe the energetic electron generation and their emission from the target. The model, experiment, and numerical simulations demonstrate that the hot-electron ejection may continue long after the laser pulse ends, enhancing significantly the polarization charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Dubois
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | | | | | - J Ribolzi
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | - J Gazave
- CEA/DAM/CESTA, BP 12, Le Barp 33405, France
| | | | - E d'Humières
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - S Hulin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - A Poyé
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence 33405, France
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Leguay PM, Lévy A, Chimier B, Deneuville F, Descamps D, Fourment C, Goyon C, Hulin S, Petit S, Peyrusse O, Santos JJ, Combis P, Holst B, Recoules V, Renaudin P, Videau L, Dorchies F. Ultrafast short-range disordering of femtosecond-laser-heated warm dense aluminum. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:245004. [PMID: 24483671 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.245004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have probed, with time-resolved x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), a femtosecond-laser-heated aluminum foil with fluences up to 1 J/cm2. The spectra reveal a loss of the short-range order in a few picoseconds. This time scale is compared with the electron-ion equilibration time, calculated with a two-temperature model. Hydrodynamic simulations shed light on complex features that affect the foil dynamics, including progressive density change from solid to liquid (∼10 ps). In this density range, quantum molecular dynamics simulations indicate that XANES is a relevant probe of the ionic temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Leguay
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Lévy
- Ecole Polytechnique, LULI (Laboratoire d'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses), UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Chimier
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - F Deneuville
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - D Descamps
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C Fourment
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C Goyon
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S Hulin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S Petit
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - O Peyrusse
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P Combis
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - B Holst
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - L Videau
- CEA-DAM-DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
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22
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Scott RHH, Clark EL, Pérez F, Streeter MJV, Davies JR, Schlenvoigt HP, Santos JJ, Hulin S, Lancaster KL, Baton SD, Rose SJ, Norreys PA. Measuring fast electron spectra and laser absorption in relativistic laser-solid interactions using differential bremsstrahlung photon detectors. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:083505. [PMID: 24007063 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A photon detector suitable for the measurement of bremsstrahlung spectra generated in relativistically intense laser-solid interactions is described. The Monte Carlo techniques used to extract the fast electron spectrum and laser energy absorbed into forward-going fast electrons are detailed. A relativistically intense laser-solid experiment using frequency doubled laser light is used to demonstrate the effective operation of the detector. The experimental data were interpreted using the 3-spatial-dimension Monte Carlo code MCNPX [D. Pelowitz, MCNPX User's Manual Version 2.6.0, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2008], and the fast electron temperature found to be 125 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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23
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Vauzour B, Santos JJ, Debayle A, Hulin S, Schlenvoigt HP, Vaisseau X, Batani D, Baton SD, Honrubia JJ, Nicolaï P, Beg FN, Benocci R, Chawla S, Coury M, Dorchies F, Fourment C, d'Humières E, Jarrot LC, McKenna P, Rhee YJ, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Yahia V. Relativistic high-current electron-beam stopping-power characterization in solids and plasmas: collisional versus resistive effects. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:255002. [PMID: 23368474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.255002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and numerical results on intense-laser-pulse-produced fast electron beams transport through aluminum samples, either solid or compressed and heated by laser-induced planar shock propagation. Thanks to absolute K(α) yield measurements and its very good agreement with results from numerical simulations, we quantify the collisional and resistive fast electron stopping powers: for electron current densities of ≈ 8 × 10(10) A/cm(2) they reach 1.5 keV/μm and 0.8 keV/μm, respectively. For higher current densities up to 10(12)A/cm(2), numerical simulations show resistive and collisional energy losses at comparable levels. Analytical estimations predict the resistive stopping power will be kept on the level of 1 keV/μm for electron current densities of 10(14)A/cm(2), representative of the full-scale conditions in the fast ignition of inertially confined fusion targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vauzour
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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24
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Dorchies F, Lévy A, Goyon C, Combis P, Descamps D, Fourment C, Harmand M, Hulin S, Leguay PM, Petit S, Peyrusse O, Santos JJ. Unraveling the solid-liquid-vapor phase transition dynamics at the atomic level with ultrafast x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:245006. [PMID: 22243009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.245006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) is a powerful probe of electronic and atomic structures in various media, ranging from molecules to condensed matter. We show how ultrafast time resolution opens new possibilities to investigate highly nonequilibrium states of matter including phase transitions. Based on a tabletop laser-plasma ultrafast x-ray source, we have performed a time-resolved (∼3 ps) XANES experiment that reveals the evolution of an aluminum foil at the atomic level, when undergoing ultrafast laser heating and ablation. X-ray absorption spectra highlight an ultrafast transition from the crystalline solid to the disordered liquid followed by a progressive transition of the delocalized valence electronic structure (metal) down to localized atomic orbitals (nonmetal-vapor), as the average distance between atoms increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dorchies
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Talence, F-33405, France.
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25
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Pérez F, Debayle A, Honrubia J, Koenig M, Batani D, Baton SD, Beg FN, Benedetti C, Brambrink E, Chawla S, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Galimberti M, Gizzi LA, Gremillet L, Heathcote R, Higginson DP, Hulin S, Jafer R, Koester P, Labate L, Lancaster KL, MacKinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, Nazarov W, Nicolai P, Pasley J, Ramis R, Richetta M, Santos JJ, Sgattoni A, Spindloe C, Vauzour B, Vinci T, Volpe L. Magnetically guided fast electrons in cylindrically compressed matter. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:065004. [PMID: 21902333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.065004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fast electrons produced by a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse through laser-compressed plastic cylinders are studied experimentally and numerically in the context of fast ignition. K(α)-emission images reveal a collimated or scattered electron beam depending on the initial density and the compression timing. A numerical transport model shows that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields able to guide the electrons. The good agreement with measured beam sizes provides the first experimental evidence for fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pérez
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France.
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26
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Santos JJ, Batani D, McKenna P, Baton SD, Dorchies F, Dubrouil A, Fourment C, Hulin S, d'Humières E, Nicolaï PH, Gremillet L, Debayle A, Honrubia JJ, Carpeggiani P, Veltcheva M, Quinn MN, Brambrink E, Tikhonchuk V. Fast electron propagation in high-density plasmas created by 1D shock wave compression: Experiments and simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Levy A, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Harmand M, Hulin S, Santos JJ, Descamps D, Petit S, Bouillaud R. Double conical crystal x-ray spectrometer for high resolution ultrafast x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of Al K edge. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:063107. [PMID: 20590225 DOI: 10.1063/1.3441983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An x-ray spectrometer devoted to dynamical studies of transient systems using the x-ray absorption fine spectroscopy technique is presented in this article. Using an ultrafast laser-induced x-ray source, this optical device based on a set of two potassium acid phthalate conical crystals allows the extraction of x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy structures following the Al absorption K edge. The proposed experimental protocol leads to a measurement of the absorption spectra free from any crystal reflectivity defaults and shot-to-shot x-ray spectral fluctuation. According to the detailed analysis of the experimental results, a spectral resolution of 0.7 eV rms and relative fluctuation lower than 1% rms are achieved, demonstrated to be limited by the statistics of photon counting on the x-ray detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levy
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence F-33405, France
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Fourment C, Arazam N, Bonte C, Caillaud T, Descamps D, Dorchies F, Harmand M, Hulin S, Petit S, Santos JJ. Broadband, high dynamics and high resolution charge coupled device-based spectrometer in dynamic mode for multi-keV repetitive x-ray sources. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:083505. [PMID: 19725653 DOI: 10.1063/1.3189004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a new operating mode, using a charged coupled device as dispersionless spectrometer dedicated to repetitive x-ray sources in the multi-keV domain. This enables to get spectra with high statistics in a short acquisition time and a way compatible with the operation of other diagnostics requiring accumulation. Several reconstruction algorithms for the spreading events are discussed, and a near Fano-limited resolution is demonstrated by using single pixel events. In this case, a method to take into account partial canceling of the events is presented. Experimental characterization and detailed modeling of the detector are performed, which allow to determine absolute number of photon with +/-35% accuracy. Characterization of the 5-25 keV x rays emitted by a short pulse laser-produced plasma is reported, as well as their dependency with the atomic number, the laser duration, and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fourment
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Talence F-33405, France.
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29
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Tornambé G, Cornu A, Verdier-Metz I, Pradel P, Kondjoyan N, Figueredo G, Hulin S, Martin B. Addition of Pasture Plant Essential Oil in Milk: Influence on Chemical and Sensory Properties of Milk and Cheese. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:58-69. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schurtz G, Gary S, Hulin S, Chenais-Popovics C, Gauthier JC, Thais F, Breil J, Durut F, Feugeas JL, Maire PH, Nicolaï P, Peyrusse O, Reverdin C, Soullié G, Tikhonchuk V, Villette B, Fourment C. Revisiting nonlocal electron-energy transport in inertial-fusion conditions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:095002. [PMID: 17359162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Correct modeling of the electron-energy transport is essential for inertial confinement fusion target design. Various transport models have been proposed in order to extend the validity of a hydrodynamical description into weakly collisional regimes, taking into account the nonlocality of the electron transport combined with the effects of self-generated magnetic fields. We have carried out new experiments designed to be highly sensitive to the modeling of the heat flow on the Ligne d'Intégration Laser facility, the prototype of the Laser Megajoule. We show that two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations correctly reproduce the experimental results only if they include both the nonlocal transport and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schurtz
- Université Bordeaux 1; CNRS; CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, 33405 Talence, France
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31
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Durandy Y, Hulin S. [Discontinuous warm cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: preliminary results]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2006; 99:103-7. [PMID: 16555692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the use of warm cardioplegia in paediatric surgery. Warm blood enriched with potassium was injected every 15 minutes during aortic clamping in 770 operations. The efficacy and quality of this technique were assessed by the return of cardiac electrical activity, troponin I levels 12 hours after aortic clamping and the duration of postoperative ventilation in 3 groups of patients: ventricular septal defect under 6 months (N = 82), tetralogy of Fallot under one year (N = 55), simple transposition of the great arteries (N = 42). These results were compared retrospectively with those obtained using cold cardioplegia. The return of sinus rhythm was spontaneous in 99% of cases versus 77% with cold cardioplegia; the troponin I levels were under 10 ng/ml in 46% of cases versus 37% (NS). Patients operated for ventricular septal defect were ventilated 10 +/- 8 hours versus 13 +/- 10 hours with cold cardioplegia (p = 0.02). The children operated for tetralogy of Fallot were ventilated 8 +/- 4 hours versus 14 +/- 7 hours (p = 0.01) and those with simple transposition 56 +/- 71 hours versus 83 +/- 105 hours (NS). Warm cardioplegia, in the authors' experience, was associated with an improved postoperative course. In this group of 770 operations, 646 operated patients had a stay of less than two days in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Durandy
- Institut hospitalier Jacques Cartier, Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy
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32
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Hulin S, Durandy Y. [Post-haemodilution anaemia in paediatric cardiac surgery: benefit of intravenous iron therapy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 24:1262-5. [PMID: 16006090 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2005.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anaemia is the main complication following haemodilution in paediatric cardiac surgery. Iron oral therapy is ineffective to improve anaemia. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a single dose of intravenous iron saccharate Venofer. STUDY DESIGN Open, randomized. PATIENTS AND METHODS 93 patients were randomized in two groups. The first one is the control group without iron supplementation and the second one received a 5 mg/kg injection of Venofer administered at day 1. Three biological factors were studied on day 1 and day 5 following surgery: haemoglobin, ferrritin and reticulocyte rate. Student test was used for statistical analysis of results. RESULTS Age, weight, haemoglobin, ferritine and reticulocyte on day 1 were similar in both group (no significant difference). On day 5 ferritin was higher in the treated group 215+/-87 vs 101+/-55 mug/l in the non treated group (P<0.001). Reticulocyte rate was also higher in the treated group 3.25+/-1.16 vs 2.65+/-0.97% (P<0.005) in the untreated group. CONCLUSION Postoperative systemic inflammation is probably the factor which impaired the effect of oral iron therapy. Parenteral iron may act by treating a functional iron deficiency and/or by increasing endogenous erythropoietin synthesis. Faster reversibility of anaemia following iron injection improves quality of the postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hulin
- Service de réanimation de chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique, institut cardiologique Paris-Sud, hôpital Jacques-Cartier, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France.
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33
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Michel P, Labaune C, Bandulet HC, Lewis K, Depierreux S, Hulin S, Bonnaud G, Tikhonchuk VT, Weber S, Riazuelo G, Baldis HA, Michard A. Strong reduction of the degree of spatial coherence of a laser beam propagating through a preformed plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:175001. [PMID: 15169158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A strong reduction of the spatial coherence of a laser beam after its propagation through a plasma has been measured using a Fresnel biprism interferometer. The laser beam was diffraction limited; the coherence width was reduced from 40 mm in vacuum down to a few mm with the plasma. Numerical results based on a paraxial model exhibit a coherence degree close to the experimental one; they also prove the importance of taking into account the nonlocal transport effects in numerical simulations for such plasma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Université Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Fournier KB, Faenov AY, Pikuz TA, Skobelev IY, Belyaev VS, Vinogradov VI, Kyrilov AS, Matafonov AP, Bellucci I, Martellucci S, Petrocelli G, Auguste T, Hulin S, Monot P, D'Oliveira P. Influence of optical thickness and hot electrons on Rydberg spectra of Ne-like and F-like copper ions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:016402. [PMID: 12636606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.016402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spectra in the 7.10 to 8.60 A range from highly charged copper ions are observed from three different laser-produced plasmas (LPPs). The LPPs are formed by a 15-ns Nd:glass laser pulse (type I: E(pulse)=1-8 J, lambda=1.064 microm), a 1-ps Nd:glass laser pulse (type II: E(pulse)=1 J, lambda=1.055 microm), and a 60-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse (type III: E(pulse)=800 mJ, lambda=790 nm). The spectra of high-n (n<or=14) transitions in highly charged copper ions, Cu19+ to Cu21+, are recorded with a high energy resolution (lambda/deltalambda=3000-8000) spectrometer using a spherically bent mica or quartz crystal. Collisional-radiative models are computed for the emission from each plasma. The sensitivity of the model spectra to opacity effects and to populations of superthermal electrons is studied. For the type I LPPs, opacity effects, treated with escape factors, are necessary to get the correct relative intensities of high-n (n=5, 6) Ne-like Cu19+ emission features. In the case of the type II LPPs, the contrast between the laser prepulse and the main pulse has been varied from low, I(main)/I(pp)=7 x 10(4), to high, I(main)/I(pp)=3.8 x 10(7). For plasmas from low contrast shots, we find good agreement between the observed spectra and optically thin simulations with bulk electron temperatures T(bulk)=0.4 keV and a small population of superthermal electrons (T(hot)=5.0 keV) that is f(hot)<or=10(-5) of the bulk electron population. For high-contrast type II LPPs, we find higher densities and a combination of f(hot) approximately 10(-5) and escape factors best describes the data. For the type III 60-fs LPPs, a population of superthermal electrons (T(hot) approximately 5 keV) that is approximately 5 x 10(-5) of the bulk electron population (T(bulk) approximately 0.2 keV) is required to reproduce the observed spectra. The effect of both escape factors and hot electrons in the CR models is to increase the ionization balance and dramatically increase the number of strong lines for each ion considered. We have studied both opacity effects and hot-electron influence on high-n transitions of highly charged Ne-, F-, and O-like ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, L-41, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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35
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Hansen SB, Shlyaptseva AS, Faenov AY, Skobelev IY, Magunov AI, Pikuz TA, Blasco F, Dorchies F, Stenz C, Salin F, Auguste T, Dobosz S, Monot P, D' Oliveira P, Hulin S, Safronova UI, Fournier KB. Hot-electron influence on L-shell spectra of multicharged Kr ions generated in clusters irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:046412. [PMID: 12443335 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.046412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strong L-shell x-ray emission has been obtained from Kr clusters formed in gas jets and irradiated by 60-500-fs laser pulses. Spectral lines from the F-, Ne- Na-, and Mg-like charge states of Kr have been identified from highly resolved x-ray spectra. Spectral line intensities are used in conjunction with a detailed time-dependent collisional-radiative model to diagnose the electron distribution functions of plasmas formed in various gas jet nozzles with various laser pulse durations. It is shown that L-shell spectra formed by relatively long nanosecond-laser pulses can be well described by a steady-state model without hot electrons when opacity effects are included. In contrast, adequate modeling of L-shell spectra from highly transient and inhomogeneous femtosecond-laser plasmas requires including the influence of hot electrons. It is shown that femtosecond-laser interaction with gas jets from conical nozzles produces plasmas with higher ionization balances than plasmas formed by gas jets from Laval nozzles, in agreement with previous work for femtosecond laser interaction with Ar clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hansen
- Physics Department/220, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA
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36
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Dobosz S, D'Oliveira P, Hulin S, Monot P, Réau F, Auguste T. Space- and time-resolved density measurements of a high-intensity laser-produced plasma for x-ray laser studies. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:047403. [PMID: 12006081 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.047403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study on the spatiotemporal density evolution of a plasma created by optical-field ionization of a high-pressure pulsed gas jet by a 10-TW, 60-fs Ti:sapphire laser. The plasma dynamics has been studied on a 17-ns time scale with a 60-fs time resolution and a 5-microm space resolution using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The density profile and the plasma radial expansion were accurately measured for conditions relevant to x-ray laser schemes in H-like nitrogen which were recently proposed [S. Hulin et al., Phys. Rev. E 61, 5693 (2000)]. The results were reproduced well by hydrocode simulations that allowed to infer the plasma temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dobosz
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, C.E. Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cédex, France
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Junkel-Vives GC, Abdallah J, Auguste T, D'Oliveira P, Hulin S, Monot P, Dobosz S, Faenov AY, Magunov AI, Pikuz TA, Skobelev IY, Boldarev AS, Gasilov VA. Spatially resolved x-ray spectroscopy investigation of femtosecond laser irradiated Ar clusters. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:036410. [PMID: 11909265 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.036410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2001] [Revised: 10/17/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High temperature plasmas have been created by irradiating Ar clusters with high intensity 60-fs laser pulses. Detailed spectroscopic analysis of spatially resolved, high resolution x-ray data near the He(alpha) line of Ar is consistent with a two-temperature collisional-radiative model incorporating the effects of highly energetic electrons. The results of the spectral analysis are compared with a theoretical hydrodynamic model of cluster production, as well as interferometric data. The plasma parameters are notably uniform over one Rayleigh length (600 microm).
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Junkel-Vives
- Theoretical Division, T-4, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Abstract
A 2-year-old boy in whom idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium was diagnosed in utero by fetal echocardiography underwent surgical intervention because of progression of right atrial dilatation. During operation, the lateral right atrial wall was externally reinforced after partial resection by approximating and fixing the neighboring autologous pericardium around the external circumference of the right atrium. This technique is a useful means of preventing recurrence of dilatation in histologically abnormal right atrial tissue that predisposes the patient to possible reintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalangos
- Unit of Pediatric and Prenatal Cardiology, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France.
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Hulin S, Auguste T, D'Oliveira P, Monot P, Jacquemot S, Bonnet L, Lefebvre E. Soft-x-ray laser scheme in a plasma created by optical-field-induced ionization of nitrogen. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:5693-700. [PMID: 11031628 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/1999] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An x-ray laser scheme based on the recombination of a fully stripped nitrogen plasma is presented. Plasma is assumed to be created by the optical-field ionization of a nitrogen gas jet of 10(19) cm-3 atomic density by an ultrashort (60 fs), high-intensity (3 x 10(19) W/cm2) Ti:sapphire laser. Results of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, modeling laser-plasma interaction, parametric heating, and ponderomotive effects are presented. Hydrodynamic and kinetics calculations are performed and predict important local gain for H-like nitrogen transitions at 25 and 134 A, following fast collisional recombination for specific plasma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hulin
- DSM/DRECAM/SPAM, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Rodés J, Piéchaud JF, Ouaknine R, Hulin S, Cohen L, Magnier S, Lecompte Y, Lefèvre T. Transcatheter closure of apical ventricular muscular septal defect combined with arterial switch operation in a newborn infant. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2000; 49:173-6. [PMID: 10642767 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(200002)49:2<173::aid-ccd12>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of transposition of the great arteries and apical muscular ventricular septal defect in a newborn infant successfully treated by transcatheter closure of the septal defect with the Amplatzer duct occluder device followed by an arterial-switch operation within the first 2 weeks of life. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:173-176, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodés
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France
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Durandy Y, Hulin S. [Acute Corynebacterium diphtheriae aortic endocarditis with negative blood cultures]. Arch Pediatr 1999; 6:1196-8. [PMID: 10587745 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)86304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute endocarditis with negative blood culture is a challenge requiring close cooperation between several specialists. CASE REPORT A 15-year-old boy presented with an acute aortic endocarditis due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Blood cultures were negative due to an empiric anti-infective therapy. Valvular replacement with a mechanical prosthesis failed to cure the sepsis, which resolved after a cryopreserved allograft implantation. CONCLUSION This case underlines the efficiency of the highly specialized bacteriological centers and the advantages of using a cryopreserved allograft during the septic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Durandy
- Institut cardiovasculaire Paris-Sud, France
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Zhidkov AG, Sasaki A, Tajima T, Auguste T, D'Olivera P, Hulin S, Monot P, Faenov AY, Pikuz TA, Skobelev IY. Direct spectroscopic observation of multiple-charged-ion acceleration by an intense femtosecond-pulse laser. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:3273-8. [PMID: 11970139 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We have observed evidence of the emission of energetic He-and H-like ions of fluorine more than 1 MeV produced via the optical field ionization (OFI) from a solid target irradiated by an intense I=(2-4)x10(18) W/cm(2) (60 fs, lambda=800 nm), obliquely incident p-polarized pulse laser. The measured blue wing of He(alpha), He(beta), and Ly(alpha) lines of fluorine shows a feature of the Doppler-shifted spectrum due to the self-similar ion expansion dominated by superthermal electrons with the temperature T(h) approximately 100 keV. Using a collisional particle-in-cell simulation, which incorporates the nonlocal-thermodynamic-equilibrium ionization including OFI, we have obtained the plasma temperature, line shape, and maximal energy of accelerated ions, which agree well with those determined from the experimental spectra. The red wing of ion spectra gives the temperature of bulk plasma electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Zhidkov
- Advance Photon Research Center, JAERI, 25-1 Mii-minami-cho, Neyagawa-shi, Osaka 572, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a attempt to avoid the potential drawbacks associated with sternotomy coupled with a desire for a smaller scar led us to investigate the transxiphoid approach without sternotomy. We present our preliminary experience and a comparison between the sternal and thoracic approaches. METHODS From June 1996, at the Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Massy, France (ICPS) and the Heart Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil (HI) the transxiphoid approach was adopted for the correction of selected congenital cardiac defects. The xiphoid was resected through a 6 cm long vertical skin incision. With a special retractor the sternum was elevated cephalad and anteriorly. Closure of the defect was performed in the conventional manner. Twenty-six patients; 17 boys and 9 girls were entered into the study from representing 19 atrial septal defects (ASDs), 4 ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and 3 partial atrio ventricular septal defect (AVSDs). In addition at ICPS the transxiphoid approach for correction of ASD was compared to the thoracic and sternal approaches performed in the same period. RESULTS Both the aortic cross clamp time as well as the duration of extracorporeal circulation were increased when compared to either standard sternotomy or thoracotomy approaches. There were no differences within the groups when comparing body surface area, amount of chest drainage or length of either ICU or hospital stay. However the patients in the transxiphoid group showed less pain and respiratory discomfort. CONCLUSION Our initial experience with the transxiphoid approach without sternotomy confirms that it is a promising technique that can be considered an alternative to conventional sternotomy. The access is adequate for surgical procedures performed through a right atriotomy. The advantages include a better cosmetic scar, less surgical trauma, minimal respiratory discomfort and a potentially lower risk of infection. However cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp times are increased. There were no complications, and patient satisfaction was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J van de Wal
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Institut Hospitalier Jacques Cartier, Massy, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin is the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Antibiotherapy failure is rarely clinically related to Staphylococcus with vancomycin low susceptibility. CASE REPORT A surgical cure of an aortic stenosis in a neonate was complicated by a Staphylococcus mediastinitis. After initiation of antibiotherapy with vancomycin and rifampin and surgical debridement, there was a rapid improvement. Few days later, failure of therapy was obvious. Despite continuous infusion of vancomycin, with a serum level of 29 mg/L, blood cultures were positive again to Staphylococcus. There was no endocarditis or inadequate surgical drainage. Susceptibility of the Staphylococcus was tested, looking for a tolerant strain. The vancomycin minimum bactericidal concentration was 30 mg/L (above usual value 2 to 8 mg/L), while the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.75 mg/L. A higher dosage of vancomycin associated with fusidic acid was rapidly efficient, and total recovery was achieved. CONCLUSION In case of failure of vancomycin therapy, despite correct serum levels, the susceptibility of the Staphylococcus strain has to be determined. A low susceptibility strain prescribes more prolonged combination of two antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hulin
- Institut cardiovasculaire Paris-Sud, France
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