1
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Valenzuela-Villaseca V, Suttle LG, Suzuki-Vidal F, Halliday JWD, Merlini S, Russell DR, Tubman ER, Hare JD, Chittenden JP, Koepke ME, Blackman EG, Lebedev SV. Characterization of Quasi-Keplerian, Differentially Rotating, Free-Boundary Laboratory Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:195101. [PMID: 37243644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.195101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present results from pulsed-power driven differentially rotating plasma experiments designed to simulate physics relevant to astrophysical disks and jets. In these experiments, angular momentum is injected by the ram pressure of the ablation flows from a wire array Z pinch. In contrast to previous liquid metal and plasma experiments, rotation is not driven by boundary forces. Axial pressure gradients launch a rotating plasma jet upward, which is confined by a combination of ram, thermal, and magnetic pressure of a surrounding plasma halo. The jet has subsonic rotation, with a maximum rotation velocity 23±3 km/s. The rotational velocity profile is quasi-Keplerian with a positive Rayleigh discriminant κ^{2}∝r^{-2.8±0.8} rad^{2}/s^{2}. The plasma completes 0.5-2 full rotations in the experimental time frame (∼150 ns).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L G Suttle
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J W D Halliday
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S Merlini
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D R Russell
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - E R Tubman
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J D Hare
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M E Koepke
- Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - E G Blackman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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2
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Pérez-Callejo G, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Florido R, Walsh CA, Gigosos MA, Beg FN, McGuffey C, Mancini RC, Suzuki-Vidal F, Vlachos C, Bradford P, Santos JJ. X-ray imaging and radiation transport effects on cylindrical implosions. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113542. [PMID: 36461474 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetization of inertial confinement implosions is a promising means of improving their performance, owing to the potential reduction of energy losses within the target and mitigation of hydrodynamic instabilities. In particular, cylindrical implosions are useful for studying the influence of a magnetic field, thanks to their axial symmetry. Here, we present experimental results from cylindrical implosions on the OMEGA-60 laser using a 40-beam, 14.5 kJ, 1.5 ns drive and an initial seed magnetic field of B0 = 30 T along the axes of the targets, compared with reference results without an imposed B-field. Implosions were characterized using time-resolved x-ray imaging from two orthogonal lines of sight. We found that the data agree well with magnetohydrodynamic simulations, once radiation transport within the imploding plasma is considered. We show that for a correct interpretation of the data in these types of experiments, explicit radiation transport must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Callejo
- Departamento de Física Teórica Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Florido
- iUNAT-Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M A Gigosos
- Departamento de Física Teórica Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R C Mancini
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Vlachos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - P Bradford
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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3
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Pérez-Callejo G, Vlachos C, Walsh CA, Florido R, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Vaisseau X, Suzuki-Vidal F, McGuffey C, Beg FN, Bradford P, Ospina-Bohórquez V, Batani D, Raffestin D, Colaïtis A, Tikhonchuk V, Casner A, Koenig M, Albertazzi B, Fedosejevs R, Woolsey N, Ehret M, Debayle A, Loiseau P, Calisti A, Ferri S, Honrubia J, Kingham R, Mancini RC, Gigosos MA, Santos JJ. Cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at Laser MegaJoule. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:035206. [PMID: 36266806 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in inertial confinement fusion experiments has given rise to experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories) or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MegaJoule-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B field generated with these coil targets, as well as two-dimensional extended magnetohydrodynamics simulations showing that a 5 T initial B field is compressed up to 25 kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1 keV to 5 keV) while the density is reduced (from 40g/cm^{3} to 7g/cm^{3}). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using x-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez-Callejo
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - C Vlachos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- Institute of Plasma Physics & Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 74100 Rethymno, Greece
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Florido
- iUNAT-Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - P Bradford
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Ospina-Bohórquez
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241 Dolní Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
- CEA-CESTA, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universites, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1R1 Alberta, Canada
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Ehret
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Building M5, Science Park, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - A Calisti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - S Ferri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, F-13013 Marseille, France
| | - J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Kingham
- Plasma Physics Group, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R C Mancini
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M A Gigosos
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J J Santos
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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4
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Suzuki-Vidal F, Clayson T, Stehlé C, Swadling GF, Foster JM, Skidmore J, Graham P, Burdiak GC, Lebedev SV, Chaulagain U, Singh RL, Gumbrell ET, Patankar S, Spindloe C, Larour J, Kozlova M, Rodriguez R, Gil JM, Espinosa G, Velarde P, Danson C. Counterpropagating Radiative Shock Experiments on the Orion Laser. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:055001. [PMID: 28949745 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present new experiments to study the formation of radiative shocks and the interaction between two counterpropagating radiative shocks. The experiments are performed at the Orion laser facility, which is used to drive shocks in xenon inside large aspect ratio gas cells. The collision between the two shocks and their respective radiative precursors, combined with the formation of inherently three-dimensional shocks, provides a novel platform particularly suited for the benchmarking of numerical codes. The dynamics of the shocks before and after the collision are investigated using point-projection x-ray backlighting while, simultaneously, the electron density in the radiative precursor was measured via optical laser interferometry. Modeling of the experiments using the 2D radiation hydrodynamic codes nym and petra shows very good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T Clayson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - C Stehlé
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - G F Swadling
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J M Foster
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Skidmore
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - G C Burdiak
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - U Chaulagain
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - R L Singh
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - E T Gumbrell
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - C Spindloe
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Larour
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne University, PSL Research University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - M Kozlova
- Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - R Rodriguez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J M Gil
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - G Espinosa
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - P Velarde
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Danson
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
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5
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Espinosa G, Rodríguez R, Gil JM, Suzuki-Vidal F, Lebedev SV, Ciardi A, Rubiano JG, Martel P. Influence of atomic kinetics in the simulation of plasma microscopic properties and thermal instabilities for radiative bow shock experiments. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:033201. [PMID: 28415177 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerical simulations of laboratory astrophysics experiments on plasma flows require plasma microscopic properties that are obtained by means of an atomic kinetic model. This fact implies a careful choice of the most suitable model for the experiment under analysis. Otherwise, the calculations could lead to inaccurate results and inappropriate conclusions. First, a study of the validity of the local thermodynamic equilibrium in the calculation of the average ionization, mean radiative properties, and cooling times of argon plasmas in a range of plasma conditions of interest in laboratory astrophysics experiments on radiative shocks is performed in this work. In the second part, we have made an analysis of the influence of the atomic kinetic model used to calculate plasma microscopic properties of experiments carried out on magpie on radiative bow shocks propagating in argon. The models considered were developed assuming both local and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium and, for the latter situation, we have considered in the kinetic model different effects such as external radiation field and plasma mixture. The microscopic properties studied were the average ionization, the charge state distributions, the monochromatic opacities and emissivities, the Planck mean opacity, and the radiative power loss. The microscopic study was made as a postprocess of a radiative-hydrodynamic simulation of the experiment. We have also performed a theoretical analysis of the influence of these atomic kinetic models in the criteria for the onset possibility of thermal instabilities due to radiative cooling in those experiments in which small structures were experimentally observed in the bow shock that could be due to this kind of instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Espinosa
- IUNAT, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez
- IUNAT, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J M Gil
- IUNAT, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ciardi
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8112, LERMA, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - J G Rubiano
- IUNAT, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P Martel
- IUNAT, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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6
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Hare JD, Suttle L, Lebedev SV, Loureiro NF, Ciardi A, Burdiak GC, Chittenden JP, Clayson T, Garcia C, Niasse N, Robinson T, Smith RA, Stuart N, Suzuki-Vidal F, Swadling GF, Ma J, Wu J, Yang Q. Anomalous Heating and Plasmoid Formation in a Driven Magnetic Reconnection Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:085001. [PMID: 28282176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of magnetic reconnection in a quasi-two-dimensional pulsed-power driven laboratory experiment. Oppositely directed magnetic fields (B=3 T), advected by supersonic, sub-Alfvénic carbon plasma flows (V_{in}=50 km/s), are brought together and mutually annihilate inside a thin current layer (δ=0.6 mm). Temporally and spatially resolved optical diagnostics, including interferometry, Faraday rotation imaging, and Thomson scattering, allow us to determine the structure and dynamics of this layer, the nature of the inflows and outflows, and the detailed energy partition during the reconnection process. We measure high electron and ion temperatures (T_{e}=100 eV, T_{i}=600 eV), far in excess of what can be attributed to classical (Spitzer) resistive and viscous dissipation. We observe the repeated formation and ejection of plasmoids, consistent with the predictions from semicollisional plasmoid theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hare
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Suttle
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N F Loureiro
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ciardi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8112, LERMA F-75005, Paris, France
| | - G C Burdiak
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T Clayson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Garcia
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Niasse
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T Robinson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Stuart
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G F Swadling
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ma
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - J Wu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Q Yang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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7
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Suttle LG, Hare JD, Lebedev SV, Swadling GF, Burdiak GC, Ciardi A, Chittenden JP, Loureiro NF, Niasse N, Suzuki-Vidal F, Wu J, Yang Q, Clayson T, Frank A, Robinson TS, Smith RA, Stuart N. Structure of a Magnetic Flux Annihilation Layer Formed by the Collision of Supersonic, Magnetized Plasma Flows. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:225001. [PMID: 27314720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present experiments characterizing the detailed structure of a current layer, generated by the collision of two counterstreaming, supersonic and magnetized aluminum plasma flows. The antiparallel magnetic fields advected by the flows are found to be mutually annihilated inside the layer, giving rise to a bifurcated current structure-two narrow current sheets running along the outside surfaces of the layer. Measurements with Thomson scattering show a fast outflow of plasma along the layer and a high ion temperature (T_{i}∼Z[over ¯]T_{e}, with average ionization Z[over ¯]=7). Analysis of the spatially resolved plasma parameters indicates that the advection and subsequent annihilation of the inflowing magnetic flux determines the structure of the layer, while the ion heating could be due to the development of kinetic, current-driven instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Suttle
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J D Hare
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G F Swadling
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G C Burdiak
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A Ciardi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Universités Paris 6, UMR 8112, LERMA, Paris F-75005, France
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 8112, Paris F-75014, France
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - N F Loureiro
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Niasse
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Q Yang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - T Clayson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A Frank
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - T S Robinson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - N Stuart
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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8
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Rodríguez R, Espinosa G, Gil JM, Stehlé C, Suzuki-Vidal F, Rubiano JG, Martel P, Mínguez E. Microscopic properties of xenon plasmas for density and temperature regimes of laboratory astrophysics experiments on radiative shocks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:053106. [PMID: 26066271 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.053106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work is divided into two parts. In the first one, a study of radiative properties (such as monochromatic and the Rosseland and Planck mean opacities, monochromatic emissivities, and radiative power loss) and of the average ionization and charge state distribution of xenon plasmas in a range of plasma conditions of interest in laboratory astrophysics and extreme ultraviolet lithography is performed. We have made a particular emphasis in the analysis of the validity of the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium and the influence of the atomic description in the calculation of the radiative properties. Using the results obtained in this study, in the second part of the work we have analyzed a radiative shock that propagated in xenon generated in an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System. In particular, we have addressed the effect of plasma self-absorption in the radiative precursor, the influence of the radiation emitted from the shocked shell and the plasma self-emission in the radiative precursor, the cooling time in the cooling layer, and the possibility of thermal instabilities in the postshock region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Espinosa
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J M Gil
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Stehlé
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, UPMC, CNRSS, Meudon, 75014 Paris, France
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J G Rubiano
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martel
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35003 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mínguez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hall GN, Burdiak GC, Suttle L, Stuart NH, Swadling GF, Lebedev SV, Smith RA, Patankar S, Suzuki-Vidal F, de Grouchy P, Harvey-Thompson AJ, Bennett M, Bland SN, Pickworth L, Skidmore J. Monochromatic radiography of high energy density physics experiments on the MAGPIE generator. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D608. [PMID: 25430184 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A monochromatic X-ray backlighter based on Bragg reflection from a spherically bent quartz crystal has been developed for the MAGPIE pulsed power generator at Imperial College (1.4 MA, 240 ns) [I. H. Mitchell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1533 (2005)]. This instrument has been used to diagnose high energy density physics experiments with 1.865 keV radiation (Silicon He-α) from a laser plasma source driven by a ∼7 J, 1 ns pulse from the Cerberus laser. The design of the diagnostic, its characterisation and performance, and initial results in which the instrument was used to radiograph a shock physics experiment on MAGPIE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hall
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G C Burdiak
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - L Suttle
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - N H Stuart
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G F Swadling
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P de Grouchy
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Bennett
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S N Bland
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - L Pickworth
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Skidmore
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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Swadling GF, Lebedev SV, Hall GN, Patankar S, Stewart NH, Smith RA, Harvey-Thompson AJ, Burdiak GC, de Grouchy P, Skidmore J, Suttle L, Suzuki-Vidal F, Bland SN, Kwek KH, Pickworth L, Bennett M, Hare JD, Rozmus W, Yuan J. Diagnosing collisions of magnetized, high energy density plasma flows using a combination of collective Thomson scattering, Faraday rotation, and interferometry (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E502. [PMID: 25430344 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A suite of laser based diagnostics is used to study interactions of magnetised, supersonic, radiatively cooled plasma flows produced using the Magpie pulse power generator (1.4 MA, 240 ns rise time). Collective optical Thomson scattering measures the time-resolved local flow velocity and temperature across 7-14 spatial positions. The scattering spectrum is recorded from multiple directions, allowing more accurate reconstruction of the flow velocity vectors. The areal electron density is measured using 2D interferometry; optimisation and analysis are discussed. The Faraday rotation diagnostic, operating at 1053 nm, measures the magnetic field distribution in the plasma. Measurements obtained simultaneously by these diagnostics are used to constrain analysis, increasing the accuracy of interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - G N Hall
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - N H Stewart
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - G C Burdiak
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - P de Grouchy
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Skidmore
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Suttle
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - S N Bland
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - K H Kwek
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Pickworth
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Bennett
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - J D Hare
- Plasma Physics Group, Imperial College, London SW6 7LZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J1, Canada
| | - J Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAE, Mianyang 621900, China
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11
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Swadling GF, Lebedev SV, Harvey-Thompson AJ, Rozmus W, Burdiak GC, Suttle L, Patankar S, Smith RA, Bennett M, Hall GN, Suzuki-Vidal F, Yuan J. Interpenetration, deflection, and stagnation of cylindrically convergent magnetized supersonic tungsten plasma flows. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:035003. [PMID: 25083650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interpenetration and interaction of supersonic, magnetized tungsten plasma flows has been directly observed via spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the Thomson scattering ion feature. A novel scattering geometry allows independent measurements of the axial and radial velocity components of the ions. The plasma flows are produced via the pulsed power driven ablation of fine tungsten wires in a cylindrical wire array z pinch. Fits of the data reveal the variations in radial velocity, axial velocity, and temperature of the ion streams as they interpenetrate and interact. A previously unobserved increase in axial velocity is measured near the array axis. This may be the result of v[over →]×B[over →] bending of the ion streams by a toroidal magnetic field, advected to and accumulated about the axis by the streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Swadling
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S V Lebedev
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A J Harvey-Thompson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1193, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J1
| | - G C Burdiak
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - L Suttle
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S Patankar
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - R A Smith
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bennett
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - G N Hall
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - F Suzuki-Vidal
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAE, Mianyang 621900, China
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12
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Harvey-Thompson AJ, Lebedev SV, Patankar S, Bland SN, Burdiak G, Chittenden JP, Colaitis A, De Grouchy P, Doyle HW, Hall GN, Khoory E, Hohenberger M, Pickworth L, Suzuki-Vidal F, Smith RA, Skidmore J, Suttle L, Swadling GF. Optical Thomson scattering measurements of plasma parameters in the ablation stage of wire array Z pinches. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:145002. [PMID: 22540799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.145002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A Thomson scattering diagnostic has been used to measure the parameters of cylindrical wire array Z pinch plasmas during the ablation phase. The scattering operates in the collective regime (α>1) allowing spatially localized measurements of the ion or electron plasma temperatures and of the plasma bulk velocity. The ablation flow is found to accelerate towards the axis reaching peak velocities of 1.2-1.3×10(7) cm/s in aluminium and ∼1×10(7) cm/s in tungsten arrays. Precursor ion temperature measurements made shortly after formation are found to correspond to the kinetic energy of the converging ablation flow.
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13
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Harvey-Thompson AJ, Lebedev SV, Burdiak G, Waisman EM, Hall GN, Suzuki-Vidal F, Bland SN, Chittenden JP, De Grouchy P, Khoory E, Pickworth L, Skidmore J, Swadling G. Suppression of the ablation phase in wire array Z pinches using a tailored current prepulse. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:205002. [PMID: 21668237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new wire array configuration has been used to create thin shell-like implosions in a cylindrical array. The setup introduces a ~5 kA, ~25 ns current prepulse followed by a ~140 ns current-free interval before the application of the main (~1 MA) current pulse. The prepulse volumetrically heats the wires which expand to ~1 mm diameter leaving no dense wire core and without development of instabilities. The main current pulse then ionizes all the array mass resulting in suppression of the ablation phase, an accelerating implosion, and no trailing mass. Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth in the imploding plasma is inferred to be seeded by μm-scale perturbations on the surface of the wires. The absence of wire cores is found to be the critical factor in altering the implosion dynamics.
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14
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Hall GN, Chittenden JP, Bland SN, Lebedev SV, Bott SC, Jennings C, Palmer JBA, Suzuki-Vidal F. Modifying wire-array Z-pinch ablation structure using coiled arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:065003. [PMID: 18352483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new wire-array configuration has been used to control the modulation of ablated plasma flow for the first time. Cylindrical aluminum coiled arrays, in which each straight wire is replaced with a single helix, were driven by a 1 MA, 240 ns current pulse. Ablated plasma is directed away from the coiled wire cores in a manner that can be understood in terms of Lorentz forces that arise from a complex current path modeled by 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Outside the diameter of the helix, the flow of ablated plasma is axially modulated at the wavelength of the coil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hall
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
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