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Dalal K, Sharma Y. Multi-wavelength and broadband plasmonic switching with V-shaped plasmonic nanostructures on a VO 2coated plasmonic substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:395203. [PMID: 38955143 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5dc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, periodic arrays of identicalV-shaped gold nanostructures and variableV-shaped gold nanostructures are designed on top of a gold-coated silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate with a thin spacer layer of vanadium dioxide (VO2) to realize multi-wavelength and broadband plasmonic switches, respectively. The periodic array of identicalV-shaped nanostructures (IVNSs) with small inter-particle separation leads to coupled interactions of the elementary plasmons of aV-shaped nanostructure (VNS), resulting in a hybridized plasmon response with two longitudinal plasmonic modes in the reflectance spectra of the proposed switches when the incident light is polarized in thex-direction. Thex-direction is oriented along the axis that joins theV-junctions of all VNSs in one unit cell of the periodic array. On exposure to temperature, electric field, or optical stimulus, the VO2layer transforms from its monoclinic semiconducting state to its rutile metallic state, leading to an overall change in the reflectance spectra obtained from the proposed nanostructures and resulting in an efficient multi-wavelength switching action. Finite difference time domain modelling is employed to demonstrate that an extinction ratio (ER) >12 dB at two wavelengths can be achieved by employing the proposed switches based on periodic arrays of IVNSs. Further, plasmonic switches based on variableV-shaped nanostructures-i.e. multiple VNSs with variable arm lengths in one unit cell of a periodic array-are proposed for broadband switching. In the broadband operation mode, we report an ER >5 dB over an operational wavelength range >1400 nm in the near-IR spectral range spanning over all optical communication bands, i.e. theO, E, S, C, LandUbands. Further, it is also demonstrated that the wavelength of operation for these switches can be tuned by varying the geometrical parameters of the proposed switches. These switches have the potential to be employed in communication networks where ultrasmall and ultrafast switches with multi-wavelength operation or switching over a wide operational bandwidth are inevitably required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Dalal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Yashna Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Dalal K, Sharma Y. Plasmonic switches based on VO 2as the phase change material. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:142001. [PMID: 38100839 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the design and development of plasmonic switches based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented. Plasmonic switches are employed in applications such as integrated photonics, plasmonic logic circuits and computing networks for light routing and switching, and are based on the switching of the plasmonic properties under the effect of an external stimulus. In the last few decades, plasmonic switches have seen a significant growth because of their ultra-fast switching speed, wide spectral tunability, ultra-compact size, and low losses. In this review, first, the mechanism of the semiconductor to metal phase transition in VO2is discussed and the reasons for employing VO2over other phase change materials for plasmonic switching are described. Subsequently, an exhaustive review and comparison of the current state-of-the-art plasmonic switches based on VO2proposed in the last decade is carried out. As the phase transition in VO2can be activated by application of temperature, voltage or optical light pulses, this review paper has been categorized into thermally-activated, electrically-activated, and optically-activated plasmonic switches based on VO2operating in the visible, near-infrared, infrared and terahertz frequency regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Dalal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Yashna Sharma
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
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Hu P, Hu P, Vu TD, Li M, Wang S, Ke Y, Zeng X, Mai L, Long Y. Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4353-4415. [PMID: 36972332 PMCID: PMC10141335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium oxides with multioxidation states and various crystalline structures offer unique electrical, optical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties, which could be manipulated for various applications. For the past 30 years, significant efforts have been made to study the fundamental science and explore the potential for vanadium oxide materials in ion batteries, water splitting, smart windows, supercapacitors, sensors, and so on. This review focuses on the most recent progress in synthesis methods and applications of some thermodynamically stable and metastable vanadium oxides, including but not limited to V2O3, V3O5, VO2, V3O7, V2O5, V2O2, V6O13, and V4O9. We begin with a tutorial on the phase diagram of the V-O system. The second part is a detailed review covering the crystal structure, the synthesis protocols, and the applications of each vanadium oxide, especially in batteries, catalysts, smart windows, and supercapacitors. We conclude with a brief perspective on how material and device improvements can address current deficiencies. This comprehensive review could accelerate the development of novel vanadium oxide structures in related applications.
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Azadian F, Rastogi AC. Electrochemical and energy storage properties of layer-by-layer assembled vanadium oxide electrode-based solid-state supercapacitor in n+-SnO2:F/n-V2O5 heterostructure device form using ionic liquid gel electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tabassum S, Nayemuzzaman SK, Kala M, Kumar Mishra A, Mishra SK. Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications: Gas, Bio and Chemical. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22186896. [PMID: 36146243 PMCID: PMC9504383 DOI: 10.3390/s22186896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Performance of photonic devices critically depends upon their efficiency on controlling the flow of light therein. In the recent past, the implementation of plasmonics, two-dimensional (2D) materials and metamaterials for enhanced light-matter interaction (through concepts such as sub-wavelength light confinement and dynamic wavefront shape manipulation) led to diverse applications belonging to spectroscopy, imaging and optical sensing etc. While 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2 etc., are still being explored in optical sensing in last few years, the application of plasmonics and metamaterials is limited owing to the involvement of noble metals having a constant electron density. The capability of competently controlling the electron density of noble metals is very limited. Further, due to absorption characteristics of metals, the plasmonic and metamaterial devices suffer from large optical loss. Hence, the photonic devices (sensors, in particular) require that an efficient dynamic control of light at nanoscale through field (electric or optical) variation using substitute low-loss materials. One such option may be plasmonic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces are arrays of optical antenna-like anisotropic structures (sub-wavelength size), which are designated to control the amplitude and phase of reflected, scattered and transmitted components of incident light radiation. The present review put forth recent development on metamaterial and metastructure-based various sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawana Tabassum
- Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - SK Nayemuzzaman
- Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Manish Kala
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Mishra
- Centre of Optics and Photonics (COPL), University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Heidari S, Nozhat N. Wideband polarization-independent plasmonic switch based on GST phase-change material. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4068-4073. [PMID: 36256081 DOI: 10.1364/ao.456423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide phase-change materials such as germanium-antimony-tellurium (GST) are suitable materials for use in tunable plasmonic devices. In this paper, a wideband plasmonic switch consists of gold cross-shaped resonators has been designed and simulated in the near-infrared region. The phase-change material GST makes the structure tunable, and by changing the temperature and switching between amorphous and crystalline states, the best extinction ratio of 14 dB and response time of 46 fs have been obtained at the wavelength of 1228 nm. The equivalent circuit model of the suggested structure has been extracted to verify the numerical results. Moreover, the effects of polarization and incident angles and geometric parameters on the structure performance have been evaluated. The proposed tunable and wideband switch with good switching capability can be used in various optical devices such as modulators, logic gates, and optical integrated circuits.
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Yang J, Gurung S, Bej S, Ni P, Howard Lee HW. Active optical metasurfaces: comprehensive review on physics, mechanisms, and prospective applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:036101. [PMID: 35244609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac2aaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness hold considerable promise for future advances in fundamental optics and novel optical applications due to their unprecedented ability to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of transmitted, reflected, and diffracted light. Introducing active functionalities to optical metasurfaces is an essential step to the development of next-generation flat optical components and devices. During the last few years, many attempts have been made to develop tunable optical metasurfaces with dynamic control of optical properties (e.g., amplitude, phase, polarization, spatial/spectral/temporal responses) and early-stage device functions (e.g., beam steering, tunable focusing, tunable color filters/absorber, dynamic hologram, etc) based on a variety of novel active materials and tunable mechanisms. These recently-developed active metasurfaces show significant promise for practical applications, but significant challenges still remain. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recently-reported tunable metasurfaces is provided which focuses on the ten major tunable metasurface mechanisms. For each type of mechanism, the performance metrics on the reported tunable metasurface are outlined, and the capabilities/limitations of each mechanism and its potential for various photonic applications are compared and summarized. This review concludes with discussion of several prospective applications, emerging technologies, and research directions based on the use of tunable optical metasurfaces. We anticipate significant new advances when the tunable mechanisms are further developed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Sudip Gurung
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Subhajit Bej
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Peinan Ni
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Ho Wai Howard Lee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
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Ko B, Chae JY, Badloe T, Kim H, Kim SJ, Hong SH, Paik T, Rho J. Multilevel Absorbers via the Integration of Undoped and Tungsten-Doped Multilayered Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1404-1412. [PMID: 34978805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable light absorbers have attracted much attention by providing additional optical responses and expanding the number of degrees of freedom in security applications. Fabry-Pèrot absorbers based on phase change materials with tunable properties can be implemented over large scales without the need for additional steps such as lithography, while exhibiting reconfigurable optical responses. However, a fundamental limitation of widely used phase change materials such as vanadium dioxide and germanium-antimony-tellurium-based chalcogenide glasses is that they have only two distinct phases; therefore, only two different states of optical properties are available. Here, we experimentally demonstrate active multilevel absorbers that are tuned by controlling the external temperature. This is produced by creating large-scale lithography-free multilayer structures with both undoped and tungsten-doped solution-processed monoclinic-phase vanadium dioxide thin films. The doping of vanadium dioxide with tungsten allows for the modulation of the phase-transition temperature, which results in an extra degree of freedom and therefore an additional step for the tunable properties. The proposed multilevel absorber is designed and characterized both numerically and experimentally. Such large-scale multilevel tunable absorbers realized with nanoparticle-based solution fabrication techniques are expected to open the way for advanced thermo-optical cryptographic devices based on tunable reflective coloration and near-infrared absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Chae
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Materials and Component Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- Materials and Component Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejong Paik
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Ghosh RR, Dhawan A. Integrated non-volatile plasmonic switches based on phase-change-materials and their application to plasmonic logic circuits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18811. [PMID: 34552177 PMCID: PMC8458359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated photonic devices or circuits that can execute both optical computation and optical data storage are considered as the building blocks for photonic computations beyond the von Neumann architecture. Here, we present non-volatile hybrid electro-optic plasmonic switches as well as novel architectures of non-volatile combinational and sequential logic circuits. The electro-optic switches consist of a plasmonic waveguide having a thin layer of a phase-change-material (PCM). The optical losses in the waveguide are controlled by changing the phase of the PCM from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa. The phase transition process in the PCM can be realized by electrical threshold switching or thermal conduction heating via external electrical heaters or the plasmonic waveguide metal itself as an integrated heater. We have demonstrated that all logic gates, a half adder circuit, as well as sequential circuits can be implemented using the plasmonic switches as the active elements. Moreover, the designs of the plasmonic switches and the logic operations show minimum extinction ratios greater than 20 dB, compact designs, low operating power, and high-speed operations. We combine photonics, plasmonics and electronics on the same platform to design an effective architecture for logic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ratan Ghosh
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Anuj Dhawan
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016 India
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Ke Y, Zhang B, Wang T, Zhong Y, Vu TD, Wang S, Liu Y, Magdassi S, Ye X, Zhao D, Xiong Q, Sun Z, Long Y. Manipulating atomic defects in plasmonic vanadium dioxide for superior solar and thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1700-1710. [PMID: 34846500 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a unique active plasmonic material due to its intrinsic metal-insulator transition, remaining less explored. Herein, we pioneer a method to tailor the VO2 surface plasmon by manipulating its atomic defects and establish a universal quantitative understanding based on seven representative defective VO2 systems. Record high tunability is achieved for the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) energy (0.66-1.16 eV) and transition temperature range (40-100 °C). The Drude model and density functional theory reveal that the charge of cations plays a dominant role in the numbers of valence electrons to determine the free electron concentration. We further demonstrate their superior performances in extensive unconventional plasmonic applications including energy-saving smart windows, wearable camouflage devices, and encryption inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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He X, Liu Y, Beckett P, Uddin MH, Nirmalathas A, Unnithan RR. Hybrid Color Filters for Multispectral Imaging. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Paul Beckett
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Md Hemayet Uddin
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
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Wang Y, Zhang X. Ultrafast optical switching based on mutually enhanced resonance modes in gold nanowire gratings. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17807-17814. [PMID: 31552993 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient ultrafast optical switching device consisting of periodically arranged gold nanowires, which were produced by the multistage deposition of colloidal gold nanoparticles into deep grooves, so that they are as high as 220 nm and continuous as long as 20 mm. Due to the large thickness of the gold nanowires, two resonance modes became efficient and mutually enhanced: the waveguide resonance mode and the Bragg microcavity resonance mode. These resonance modes are based on the same diffraction conditions and have a completely overlapped spectroscopic response. Thus, a sharp resonance mode with a large amplitude and a steep rising edge is observed in the optical extinction spectrum at normal incidence. Strong optical excitation induced a red shift of the resonance spectrum and resulted in an enhanced optical transmission spectrum with a narrow bandwidth and a high response speed. Such an optical switching device with new physics has potential applications in optical logic circuits and integrated optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology and College of Applied Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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Beni T, Yamasaku N, Kurotsu T, To N, Okazaki S, Arakawa T, Balčytis A, Seniutinas G, Juodkazis S, Nishijima Y. Metamaterial for Hydrogen Sensing. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2389-2394. [PMID: 31412698 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen sensor based on plasmonic metasurfaces is demonstrated to exhibit the industry-required 10 s reaction time and sensitivity. It consists of a layer of either Y or WO3 sandwiched between a top Pd nanodisk and a Au mirror at the base. The phase change layer (Y, WO3) reacts with hydrogen, and the corresponding change of the refractive index (permittivity) is detected by the spectral shift of the resonance dip in reflectance at the IR spectral window. This direct reflectance readout of the permittivity change due to hydrogen uptake is fast and is facilitated by radiation field enhancement extending into the phase change volume. Numerical modeling was used to elucidate the effects that real and imaginary parts of the refractive index exert on the spectral shifts of resonance. The mechanism of sensor performance is outlined, and a possibility to tune its spectral range of operation by the diameter of the Pd nanodisk and thickness of the phase change material makes this design applicable to other molecular detection applications including surface-enhanced IR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Armandas Balčytis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, A. Goštauto 9, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Seniutinas
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Rd., Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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