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Kothe CI, Carøe C, Mazel F, Zilber D, Cruz-Morales P, Mohellibi N, Evans JD. Novel misos shape distinct microbial ecologies: opportunities for flavourful sustainable food innovation. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114490. [PMID: 38876584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Fermentation is resurgent around the world as people seek healthier, more sustainable, and tasty food options. This study explores the microbial ecology of miso, a traditional Japanese fermented paste, made with novel regional substrates to develop new plant-based foods. Eight novel miso varieties were developed using different protein-rich substrates: yellow peas, Gotland lentils, and fava beans (each with two treatments: standard and nixtamalisation), as well as rye bread and soybeans. The misos were produced at Noma, a restaurant in Copenhagen, Denmark. Samples were analysed with biological and technical triplicates at the beginning and end of fermentation. We also incorporated in this study six samples of novel misos produced following the same recipe at Inua, a former affiliate restaurant of Noma in Tokyo, Japan. To analyse microbial community structure and diversity, metabarcoding (16S and ITS) and shotgun metagenomic analyses were performed. The misos contain a greater range of microbes than is currently described for miso in the literature. The composition of the novel yellow pea misos was notably similar to the traditional soybean ones, suggesting they are a good alternative, which supports our culinary collaborators' sensory conclusions. For bacteria, we found that overall substrate had the strongest effect, followed by time, treatment (nixtamalisation), and geography. For fungi, there was a slightly stronger effect of geography and a mild effect of substrate, and no significant effects for treatment or time. Based on an analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), strains of Staphylococccus epidermidis differentiated according to substrate. Carotenoid biosynthesis genes in these MAGs appeared in strains from Japan but not from Denmark, suggesting a possible gene-level geographical effect. The benign and possibly functional presence of S. epidermidis in these misos, a species typically associated with the human skin microbiome, suggests possible adaptation to the miso niche, and the flow of microbes between bodies and foods in certain fermentation as more common than is currently recognised. This study improves our understanding of miso ecology, highlights the potential for developing novel misos using diverse local ingredients, and suggests how fermentation innovation can contribute to studies of microbial ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Isabel Kothe
- Sustainable Food Innovation Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | | | - Florent Mazel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Zilber
- Novonesis, Hørsholm, Denmark; Restaurant Noma, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Cruz-Morales
- Yeast Natural Products, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nacer Mohellibi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joshua D Evans
- Sustainable Food Innovation Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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Chin XH, Elhalis H, Chow Y, Liu SQ. Enhancing food safety in soybean fermentation through strategic implementation of starter cultures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25007. [PMID: 38312583 PMCID: PMC10835011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented soybean products have played a significant role in Asian diets for a long time. Due to their diverse flavours, nutritional benefits, and potential health-promoting properties, they have gained a huge popularity globally in recent years. Traditionally, soybean fermentation is conducted spontaneously, using microorganisms naturally present in the environment, or inoculating with traditional starter cultures. However, many potential health risks are associated with consumption of these traditionally fermented soybean products due to the presence of food pathogens, high levels of biogenic amines and mycotoxins. The use of starter culture technology in fermentation has been well-studied in recent years and confers significant advantages over traditional fermentation methods due to strict control of the microorganisms inoculated. This review provides a comprehensive review of microbial safety and health risks associated with consumption of traditional fermented soybean products, and how adopting starter culture technology can help mitigate these risks to ensure the safety of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hui Chin
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hosam Elhalis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Yvonne Chow
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore
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Liu S, Zhang ZF, Mao J, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Shen C, Wang S, Marco ML, Mao J. Integrated meta-omics approaches reveal Saccharopolyspora as the core functional genus in huangjiu fermentations. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:65. [PMID: 37726290 PMCID: PMC10509236 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the core functional microorganisms in food fermentations is necessary to understand the ecological and functional processes for making those foods. Wheat qu, which provides liquefaction and saccharifying power, and affects the flavor quality, is a key ingredient in ancient alcoholic huangjiu fermentation, while core microbiota of them still remains indistinct. In this study, metagenomics, metabolomics, microbial isolation and co-fermentation were used to investigate huangjiu. Although Aspergillus is usually regarded as core microorganism in wheat qu to initiate huangjiu fermentations, our metagenomic analysis showed that bacteria Saccharopolyspora are predominant in wheat qu and responsible for breakdown of starch and cellulose. Metabolic network and correlation analysis showed that Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Saccharopolyspora erythraea, and Saccharopolyspora hirsuta made the greatest contributions to huangjiu's metabolites, consisting of alcohols (phenylethanol, isoamylol and isobutanol), esters, amino acids (Pro, Arg, Glu and Ala) and organic acids (lactate, tartrate, acetate and citrate). S. hirsuta J2 isolated from wheat qu had the highest amylase, glucoamylase and protease activities. Co-fermentations of S. hirsuta J2 with S. cerevisiae HJ resulted in a higher fermentation rate and alcohol content, and huangjiu flavors were more similar to that of traditional huangjiu compared to co-fermentations of Aspergillus or Lactiplantibacillus with S. cerevisiae HJ. Genome of S. hirsuta J2 contained genes encoding biogenic amine degradation enzymes. By S. hirsuta J2 inoculation, biogenic amine content was reduced by 45%, 43% and 62% in huangjiu, sausage and soy sauce, respectively. These findings show the utility of Saccharopolyspora as a key functional organism in fermented food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jieqi Mao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, 117542, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
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Vasquez R, Kim SH, Oh JK, Song JH, Hwang IC, Kim IH, Kang DK. Multispecies probiotic supplementation in diet with reduced crude protein levels altered the composition and function of gut microbiome and restored microbiome-derived metabolites in growing pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192249. [PMID: 37485501 PMCID: PMC10360209 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both crude protein (CP) and probiotics can modulate the gut microbiome of the host, thus conferring beneficial effects. However, the benefits of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome and its metabolites have not been investigated in pigs. Thus, we investigated the combinatory effects of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome composition, function, and microbial metabolites in growing pigs. In total, 140 6 week-old piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) were used in this study. The pigs were divided into four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design based on their diets: normal-level protein diet (16% CP; NP), low-level protein diet (14% CP; LP), NP with multispecies probiotics (NP-P), and LP with multispecies probiotics (LP-P). After the feeding trial, the fecal samples of the pigs were analyzed. The fecal scores were improved by the probiotic supplementation, especially in LP-P group. We also observed a probiotic-mediated alteration in the gut microbiome of pigs. In addition, LP-P group showed higher species richness and diversity compared with other groups. The addition of multispecies probiotics in low CP diet also enhanced gut microbiota metabolites production, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines. Correlation analysis revealed that Oscillospiraceae UCG-002, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Muribaculaceae were positively associated with SCFAs; and Prevotella, Eubacterium ruminantium, Catenibacterium, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, and Dialister were positively correlated with polyamines. Supplementation with multispecies probiotics modulated the function of the gut microbiome by upregulating the pathways for protein digestion and utilization, potentially contributing to enriched metabolite production in the gut. The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with multispecies probiotics may complement the beneficial effects of low CP levels in pig feed. These findings may help formulate sustainable feeding strategies for swine production.
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Effects of selected Bacillus strains on the biogenic amines, bioactive ingredients and antioxidant capacity of shuidouchi. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 388:110084. [PMID: 36657185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The control of biogenic amines (BAs) is crucial to guarantee the safety of fermented soybean products. In this study, the BAs composition of eleven shuidouchi samples was analyzed, and the BAs degradation strains were selected from shuidouchi samples with a low BAs content. Then the influences of screened BAs degradation strains on BAs, total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), isoflavones and the antioxidant ability of fermented shuidouchi were evaluated. Results showed that the total BAs content of all shuidouchi samples was within the safe range, while the GZXQ, GZQY and GZMX samples had higher levels of tyramine. Meanwhile, 109 strains were isolated from the YNLJ, GZLG, GZMZ, GZDY, and YNHY sample. Bacillus tropicus A11, Bacillus siamensis D11, Bacillus subtilis T2, and B. subtilis U2 with higher BAs degradation capacity and lower BAs production ability were selected to ferment shuidouchi. These four Bacillus strains could effectively control the BAs concentration of fermented shuidouchi, especially B. tropicus A11 and B. siamensis D11. Furthermore, compared to naturally fermented shuidouchi, higher levels of antioxidant ability, TP, TF, daidzein, glyciein, and genistein were found in the shuidouchi fermented with selected strains. These findings demonstrated that these screened strains could be applied as potential candidates for the production of high quality shuidouchi.
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Chen J, Tang H, Zhang M, Sang S, Jia L, Ou C. Exploration of the roles of microbiota on biogenic amines formation during traditional fermentation of Scomber japonicus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030789. [PMID: 36406411 PMCID: PMC9667087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiota composition and metabolisms on the safety and quality of fermented fish products is attracting increasing attention. In this study, the total viable count (TVC), pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) as well as biogenic amines (BAs) of traditional fermented Scomber japonicus (zaoyu) were quantitatively determined. To comprehend microbial community variation and predict their functions during fermentation, 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) were employed, respectively. The fresh samples stored without fermentation were used as controls. TVC and TVB-N values increased rapidly, and the content of BAs exceeded the permissible limit on day 2 in the controls, indicating serious spoilage of the fish. In contrast, a slower increase in TVC and TVB-N was observed and the content of BAs was within the acceptable limit throughout the fermentation of zaoyu. Significant differences in microbiota composition were observed between zaoyu and the controls. The bacterial community composition of zaoyu was relatively simple and Lactobacillus was identified as the dominant microbial group. The accumulation of histamine was inhibited in zaoyu, which was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Vibrio, Enterobacter, Macrococcus, Weissella, et al. based on Redundancy analysis (RDA), while Lactobacillus showed a positive correlation with tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine. Functional predictions, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis, revealed that the relative abundance of metabolic function exhibited a decreasing trend with prolonged fermentation time and the abundance of metabolism-related genes was relatively stable in the later stage of fermentation. Those metabolisms related to the formation of BAs like histidine metabolism and arginine metabolism were inhibited in zaoyu. This study has accompanied microbiota analysis and functional metabolism with the accumulation of BAs to trace their correspondences, clarifying the roles of microorganisms in the inhibition of BAs during fermentation of Scomber japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haiqing Tang
- Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shangyuan Sang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Changrong Ou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Yu Y, Li L, Xu Y, Li H, Yu Y, Xu Z. Metagenomics Reveals the Microbial Community Responsible for Producing Biogenic Amines During Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)] Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:824644. [PMID: 35572710 PMCID: PMC9100585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.824644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are considered potential hazards produced during fermented food processing, and the production of BAs is closely related to microbial metabolism. In this work, the changes of BA content were analyzed during mustard fermentation, and microbes and gene abundance responsible for producing BAs were revealed by metagenomic analyses. The results showed that cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, and histamine were generated during mustard fermentation, which mainly accumulate in the first 6 days of fermentation. According to the metagenome sequencing, the predominant genus was Bacillus (64.78%), followed by Lactobacillus (11.67%), Weissella (8.88%), and Leuconostoc (1.71%) in the initial fermentation stage (second day), while Lactobacillus (76.03%) became the most dominant genus in the late stage. In addition, the gene abundance of BA production enzymes was the highest in the second day and decreased continuously as fermentation progressed. By tracking the source of the enzyme in the KEGG database, both Bacillus and Delftia closely correlated to the generation of putrescine. Besides, Bacillus also correlated to the generation of tyramine and spermidine, and Delftia also correlated to the generation of cadaverine and spermine. In the processes of fermentation, the pH of fermented mustard showed slower decrease compared with other similar fermented vegetables, which may allow Bacillus to grow at high levels before the pH <4. This study reveals the change of BA content and microbes involved in BA formation during mustard fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanshan Yu,
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenlin Xu,
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Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Popov V. Probiotics analysis by high-throughput sequencing revealed multiple mismatches at bacteria genus level with the declared and actual composition. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Evaluation of the Relationship among Biogenic Amines, Nitrite and Microbial Diversity in Fermented Mustard. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206173. [PMID: 34684752 PMCID: PMC8541185 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) and nitrites are both considered harmful compounds for customer health, and are closely correlated with the microorganisms in fermented mustard (FM). In this study, BAs and nitrite contents in fifteen FM samples from different brands were analyzed. The concentrations of cadaverine in one sample and of histamine in one sample were above the toxic level. Moreover, five FM samples contained a high level of nitrite, exceeding the maximum residue limit (20 mg/kg) suggested by the National Food Safety Standard. Then, this study investigated bacterial and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing analysis. Firmicutes and Basidiomycota were identified as the major bacteria and fungi phylum, respectively. The correlations among microorganisms, BAs and nitrite were analyzed. Typtamine showed a positive correlation with Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. Cadaverine and nitrite is positively correlated with Leuconostoc. Furthermore, thirteen strains were selected from the samples to evaluate the accumulation and degradation properties of their BAs and nitrite. The results indicated that the Lactobacillus isolates, including L. plantarum GZ-2 and L. brevis SC-2, can significantly reduce BAs and nitrite in FM model experiments. This study not only assessed the contents of BAs and nitrite in FM samples, but also provided potential starter cultures for BAs and nitrite control in the FM products industry.
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Paley EL. Towards Understanding COVID-19: Molecular Insights, Co-infections, Associated Disorders, and Aging. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:571-600. [PMID: 34514341 PMCID: PMC8385430 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 can be related to any diseases caused by microbial infection(s) because 1) co-infection with COVID-19-related virus and other microorganism(s) and 2) because metabolites produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoan can be involved in necrotizing pneumonia and other necrotizing medical conditions observed in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE By way of illustration, the microbial metabolite of aromatic amino acid tryptophan, a biogenic amine tryptamine inducing neurodegeneration in cell and animal models, also induces necrosis. METHODS This report includes analysis of COVID-19 positivity by zip codes in Florida and relation of the positivity to population density, possible effect of ecological and social factors on spread of COVID-19, autopsy analysis of COVID-19 cases from around the world, serum metabolomics analysis, and evaluation of autoantigenome related to COVID-19. RESULTS In the present estimations, COVID-19 positivity percent per zip code population varied in Florida from 4.65% to 44.3% (February 2021 data). COVID-19 analysis is partially included in my book Microbial Metabolism and Disease (2021). The autoantigenome related to COVID-19 is characterized by alterations in protein biosynthesis proteins including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Protein biosynthesis alteration is a feature of Alzheimer's disease. Serum metabolomics of COVID-19 positive patients show alteration in shikimate pathway metabolism, which is associated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease-associated human gut bacteria. CONCLUSION Such alterations in microbial metabolism and protein biosynthesis can lead to toxicity and neurodegeneration as described earlier in my book Protein Biosynthesis Interference in Disease (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L. Paley
- Expert BioMed, Inc. and Nonprofit Public Charity Stop Alzheimers Corp., Miami-Dade, FL, USA
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Liu C, Zhu T, Song H, Niu C, Wang J, Zheng F, Li Q. Evaluation and prediction of the biogenic amines in Chinese traditional broad bean paste. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2734-2748. [PMID: 34194109 PMCID: PMC8196132 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are a threat to the safety of broad bean paste, and biosynthetic mechanism of BA and its regulation are unknown. This study aimed to assess microbial BA synthesis in Chinese traditional broad bean paste and determine favorable fermentation conditions for BA regulation. The BAs content in 27 pastes was within the safe range. 64 strains with potential decarboxylation were screened in Luria-Bertani Glycerol medium and identified as Bacillus spp. Although Bacillus amyloliquefaciens produced highest levels of BAs (70.14 ± 2.69 mg/L) in LBAA, Bacillus subtilis produced 6% more BAs than B. amyloliquefaciens. Meanwhile, temperature was the most remarkable factor affecting BAs production by B. amyloliquefaciens 1-13. Furthermore, the fermented broad bean paste model revealed that BA content increased by 61.2 mg/kg every 10 days at 45 °C, which was approximately threefold of that at 25 °C. An ARIMA prediction model of BAs content was constructed, and the total BAs content of 40 mg/100 g was set as the critical value. This study not only contributed to understanding the BAs formation mechanism, but also provided potential measures to control the BAs in fermented soybean products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 JiangSu Province People’s Republic of China
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Fong FLY, El-Nezami H, Sze ETP. Biogenic amines – Precursors of carcinogens in traditional Chinese fermented food. NFS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Long J, Zhang X, Gao Z, Yang Y, Tian X, Lu M, He L, Li C, Zeng X. Isolation of Bacillus spp. with High Fibrinolytic Activity and Performance Evaluation in Fermented Douchi. J Food Prot 2021; 84:717-727. [PMID: 33232445 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibrinolytic enzymes are effective and highly safe in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, screening fibrinolytic enzyme-producing microbial strains with excellent fermentation performance is of great value to industrial applications. The fibrin plate method was used in screening strains with high yields of fibrinolytic enzymes from different fermented food products, and the screened strains were preliminarily identified using molecular biology. Then, the strains were used for solid-state fermentation of soybeans. Moreover, the fermentation product douchi was subjected to fibrinolytic activity measurement, sensory evaluation, and biogenic amine content determination. The fermentation performance of each strain was comprehensively evaluated through principal component analysis. Finally, the target strain was identified based on strain morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence, and phylogenetic analysis results. A total of 15 Bacillus species with high fibrinolysin activity were selected. Their fibrinolytic enzyme-producing activity levels were higher than 5,500 IU/g. Through molecular biology analysis, we found 4 strains of Bacillus subtilis, 10 strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and 1 strain of Bacillus velezensis. The principal component analysis results showed that SN-14 had the best fermentation performance and reduced the accumulation of histamine and total amine, the fibrinolytic activity of fermented douchi reached 5,920.5 ± 107.7 IU/g, and the sensory score was 4.6 ± 0.3 (out of 5 points). Finally, the combined results of physiological and biochemical analyses showed SN-14 was Bacillus velezensis. The high-yield fibrinolytic and excellent fermentation performance strain Bacillus velezensis SN-14 has potential industrial application. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Long
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Artificial Intelligence and Electrical Engineering, GuiZhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storation & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]).,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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14
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Sang X, Ma X, Zhang Y, Hao H, Bi J, Zhang G, Hou H. Assessment of the Distribution and Safety of Tetragenococcus muriaticus for Potential Application in the Preparation of Chinese Grasshopper Sub Shrimp Paste. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628838. [PMID: 33584630 PMCID: PMC7876237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial profiles of 63 grasshopper sub shrimp paste samples collected from seven typical regions around the Bohai Sea were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Tetragenococcus muriaticus was found to be the prevailing species present in all the samples, and the presence of T. muriaticus also weakly correlated with the histamine content in the samples. Six T. muriaticus strains with low biogenic amine (BA)-producing ability and deficient in histamine production were identified and subjected to safety assessment. All six strains displayed weak resistance to fifteen known antibiotics as based on the Enterococcus breakpoint values. None of the strains exhibited hemolytic activity or biofilm formation. All strains exhibited were able to grow on MRS agar containing 21% NaCl and expressed amine oxidase and strain-specific proteases and lipases. Most of the strains exhibited acid production at 18% NaCl. Moreover, three of the strains (designated as SG, TS, and QH) with histamine degradation ability were inoculated into separate shrimp paste samples to determine their effect on BA accumulation. The results indicated that the addition of T. muriaticus to shrimp pastes not only led to a significant reduction of BA content in the pastes but also improved the flavor of the pastes. Consequently, these strains may be used as potential candidates for controlling the content of histamine in fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxiu Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshun Hao
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Jingran Bi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
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15
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Zou D, Li L, Min Y, Ji A, Liu Y, Wei X, Wang J, Wen Z. Biosynthesis of a Novel Bioactive Metabolite of Spermidine from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Gene Mining, Sequence Analysis, and Combined Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:267-274. [PMID: 33356220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is a biologically active polyamine with extensive application potential in functional foods. However, previously reported spermidine titers by biosynthesis methods are relatively low, which hinders its industrial application. To improve the spermidine titer, key genes affecting the spermidine production were mined to modify Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Genes of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (speD) and spermidine synthase (speE) from different microorganisms were expressed and compared in B. amyloliquefaciens. Therein, the speD from Escherichia coli and speE from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were confirmed to be optimal for spermidine synthesis, respectively. Gene and amino acid sequence analysis further confirmed the function of speD and speE. Then, these two genes were co-expressed to generate a recombinant strain B. amyloliquefaciens HSAM2(PDspeD-SspeE) with a spermidine titer of 105.2 mg/L, improving by 11.0-fold compared with the control (HSAM2). Through optimization of the fermentation medium, the spermidine titer was increased to 227.4 mg/L, which was the highest titer among present reports. Moreover, the consumption of the substrate S-adenosylmethionine was consistent with the accumulation of spermidine, which contributed to understanding its synthesis pattern. In conclusion, two critical genes for spermidine synthesis were obtained, and an engineering B. amyloliquefaciens strain was constructed for enhanced spermidine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yu Min
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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16
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Cui J, Xia P, Zhang L, Hu Y, Xie Q, Xiang H. A novel fermented soybean, inoculated with selected Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Hansenula strains, showed strong antioxidant and anti-fatigue potential activity. Food Chem 2020; 333:127527. [PMID: 32683263 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel fermented soybean food (FSF) using selected Bacillus subtilis GD1, Bacillus subtilis N4, Bacillus velezensis GZ1, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Hansenula anomala, as well as to assess its antioxidant and anti-fatigue activity. These Bacillus strains had excellent enzyme producing and soybean transformation capacity. FSF showed the highest peptide, total phenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and suitable organic acid and biological amine content. In intense exercise mice, FSF treatment markedly increased hepatic glycogen level, decreased metabolite accumulation, improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum and liver, respectively. Furthermore, FSF treatment increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene expression. Together, the selection of microbial starter culture and mixed culture fermentation are essential for the effective enrichment of bioactive compounds, and FSF has stronger antioxidant and anti-fatigue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Peibin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China.
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17
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Wang Y, Xiang F, Zhang Z, Hou Q, Guo Z. High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of fungal diversity and taste quality evaluation of Douchi, a traditional fermented food. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6612-6620. [PMID: 33312545 PMCID: PMC7723193 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Douchi, a popular traditional fermented soybean product, is mainly made by natural fermentation. However, its taste quality is affected by specific fungal communities which vary greatly according to fermentation conditions and production technologies used in different regions. Therefore, the taste quality of Douchi samples from different regions was digitally evaluated using electronic tongue technology. In addition, the fungal community structures and its association of them were also identified using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that there were obvious differences in the taste quality of samples from different regions, while the tastes of different types of samples from the same region were similar. Sourness, umami, richness, and saltiness were the main reasons for regional differences in taste. Similarly, the results of high-throughput sequencing indicated that samples from different regions displayed important differences in dominant fungal genus, among which Debaryomyces, Fusarium, Pichia, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces were the main dominant fungi. Debaryomyces and Trichosporon were conducive to the formation of taste qualities of Douchi, while Cladosporium and Candida have a negative impact on the taste quality of Douchi var correlation analysis. This study indicated the effects of dominant fungi on the formation of Douchi taste quality, allowing a deeper understanding of the role of microbial species in generating fermented soybean products in China. Our work provides theoretical support to guide the improvement of the industrial production process of Douchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food IngredientsHubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Fanshu Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food IngredientsHubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food IngredientsHubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food IngredientsHubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food IngredientsHubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
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18
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Evaluation of biogenic amines and microbial composition in the Chinese traditional fermented food grasshopper sub shrimp paste. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Park YK, Jin YH, Lee JH, Byun BY, Lee J, Jeong KC, Mah JH. The Role of Enterococcus faecium as a Key Producer and Fermentation Condition as an Influencing Factor in Tyramine Accumulation in Cheonggukjang. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070915. [PMID: 32664514 PMCID: PMC7405019 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the role of Enterococcus faecium in tyramine production and its response to fermentation temperature in a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste, Cheonggukjang. Tyramine content was detected in retail Cheonggukjang products at high concentrations exceeding the recommended limit up to a factor of 14. All retail Cheonggukjang products contained Enterococcus spp. at concentrations of at least 6 Log CFU/g. Upon isolation of Enterococcus strains, approximately 93% (157 strains) produced tyramine at over 100 µg/mL. The strains that produced the highest concentrations of tyramine (301.14–315.29 μg/mL) were identified as E. faecium through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicate that E. faecium is one of the major contributing factors to high tyramine content in Cheonggukjang. During fermentation, tyramine content in Cheonggukjang groups co-inoculated with E. faecium strains was highest at 45 °C, followed by 37 °C and 25 °C. The tyramine content of most Cheonggukjang groups continually increased as fermentation progressed, except groups fermented at 25 °C. At 45 °C, the tyramine content occasionally exceeded the recommended limit within 3 days of fermentation. The results suggest that lowering fermentation temperature and shortening duration may reduce the tyramine content of Cheonggukjang, thereby reducing the safety risks that may arise when consuming food with high tyramine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Young Hun Jin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Bo Young Byun
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
| | - Junsu Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
| | - KwangCheol Casey Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea; (Y.K.P.); (Y.H.J.); (J.-H.L.); (B.Y.B.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-44-860-1431
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20
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Wen J, Ma L, Xu Y, Wu J, Yu Y, Peng J, Tang D, Zou B, Li L. Effects of probiotic litchi juice on immunomodulatory function and gut microbiota in mice. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109433. [PMID: 33233115 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development new functional foods containing probiotics had gained much attention during the past two decades. In this study, probiotic litchi juice was developed, and its effects on immunomodulatory function and gut microbiota were evaluated. Firstly, the litchi juice was fermented with Lactobacillus casei, which increased total phenolic, total flavone, and exopolysaccharide contents of the litchi juice. Hence, the immunomodulatory influence of fermented litchi juice (FL) was investigated in cyclophosphamide-induced mice. The results showed that FL enhanced immune organs indexes (spleen, thymus) and antioxidant capacity, improved the secretions of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6) and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, SIgA), and protected the intestinal tract. Finally, the effect of FL on gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing analysis. The changes in the relative abundance of dominant microbe were investigated at phylum and genus levels, respectively. After treatment with FL, the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum was dramatically increased, as well as the genera of Faecalibaculum, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia. These findings indicated that probiotic litchi juice could alleviate immune dysfunction and modify gut microbiota structure of mice, which provide a potential functional food to improve the host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jijun Wu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Daobang Tang
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Bo Zou
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lu Li
- Sericultural & Argi-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, No. 133 Yiheng Street., Dongguanzhuang Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510610, China.
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21
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Li D, Ma Y, Liang J, Shi R, Wang J, Guo S, Li X. Effects of different production technologies (fermented strains and spices) on biogenic amines in sufu fermentation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Heibei China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Heibei China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Heibei China
| | - Ruiqin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Heibei China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Heibei China
| | - Shuxian Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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22
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Sang X, Li K, Zhu Y, Ma X, Hao H, Bi J, Zhang G, Hou H. The Impact of Microbial Diversity on Biogenic Amines Formation in Grasshopper Sub Shrimp Paste During the Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:782. [PMID: 32390997 PMCID: PMC7193991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) and microbial diversity are important factors affecting food quality and safety in fermented foods. In this study, the bacterial and fungal diversity in grasshopper sub shrimp paste taken at different fermentation times were comprehensively analyzed, while the pH, colony counts, salinity, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) and BA contents were quantitatively determined. In addition, the correlations among the samples with respect to microbial communities and the different parameters investigated especially BAs were also established. By combining the results of spearman correlation heatmap with the contents of BAs produced by the 102 halotolerant bacteria isolated from the grasshopper sub shrimp paste, six major genera of bacteria (Jeotgalibaca, Jeotgalicoccus, Lysinibacillus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, and Psychrobacter) were found to be positively correlated with BA production level, suggesting that these bacteria might have a strong tendency to produce BAs. Other bacteria such as Lentibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Salinicoccus were considered as poor BA producers. The grasshopper sub shrimp paste was characterized by a relatively high abundance of Tetragenococcus, which was the dominant genus during the fermentation process, and it also produced a relatively high level of BAs but the spearman correlation heatmap revealed a negative correlation between T. muriaticus and BA level. Analysis of the species relevance network in grasshopper sub shrimp explained that the actual production of BAs by a certain strain was closely related to other species present in the complex fermentation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaolei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxiu Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshun Hao
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingran Bi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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23
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Fong FLY, Lam KY, San Lau C, Ho KH, Kan YH, Poon MY, El-Nezami H, Sze ETP. Reduction in biogenic amines in douchi fermented by probiotic bacteria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230916. [PMID: 32214369 PMCID: PMC7098599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecology studies showed that esophageal and gastric cancers are directly correlated with the consumption of processed foods. The carcinogenicity of traditional Chinese fermented foods such as douchi (fermented black beans or fermented black soybeans) is due to the presence of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, which are derived from biogenic amines. Among the various biogenic amines that can act as precursors of N-nitroso compounds, histamine and tyramine are considered to be the most toxic and are of public health concern when present in food. We have examined some douchi products on the market, and significant amounts of histamine and tyramine were found. The use of fermentation starters generated by subculturing fermented products with unknown microbiota would induce the risk of biogenic amines. As the microbiota used in fermentation is a crucial factor in determining the biogenic amines of fermented food, it is hypothesized that the possible harmful effects of douchi can be minimized through the use of fermentation starters composed of probiotic bacteria. This is the first study to investigate the potential of using probiotic bacteria in manufacturing douchi. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) were used to ferment black beans in this study, and no tyramine was detected in black bean samples incubated with these three strains anaerobically at 37°C or 20°C. The starter culture strains, temperature and presence of oxygen during the incubation period were found to be critical to the generation of biogenic amines. The findings of this study can provide evidence-based insights and warrant further investigations on the potential of reducing the harmful compounds in food fermented with probiotic bacteria as well as the sensory evaluation of douchi fermented with probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Long Yan Fong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka Yam Lam
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun San Lau
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Hei Ho
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeuk Hei Kan
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mui Yee Poon
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eric Tung Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Liang J, Li D, Shi R, Wang J, Ma Y, Xiong K. Effects of different co-cultures on the amino acid availability, biogenic amine concentrations and protein metabolism of fermented sufu and their relationships. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Li L, Zou D, Ruan L, Wen Z, Chen S, Xu L, Wei X. Evaluation of the Biogenic Amines and Microbial Contribution in Traditional Chinese Sausages. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:872. [PMID: 31130922 PMCID: PMC6510162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) in sausages represent a health risk for consumers, and thus investigating the BAs accumulation mechanism is important to control the BAs. In this study, the BAs profiles of 16 typical Chinese sausage samples were evaluated, and 8 kinds of common BAs were detected from different samples. As a whole, the BAs contents of the majority of Chinese sausage samples were within the safe dosage range, except that the total BAs and histamine concentrations of sample HBBD were above the toxic dosage levels. Furthermore, the bacterial and fungal communities of the Chinese sausage samples were investigated by high-throughput sequencing analysis, and Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Debaryomyces, and Aspergillus were identified as the predominant genera. Accordingly, 13 representative strains were selected from the dominant genera, and their BAs formation and degradation properties were evaluated. Finally, the results of fermented meats model experiment indicated that the Staphylococcus isolates including Staphylococcus pasteuri Sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis Se, Staphylococcus carnosus Sc1, Staphylococcus carnosus Sc2, and Staphylococcus simulans Ss could significantly reduce BAs, possessing the potential as the starter cultures to control the BAs in fermented meat products. The present study not only helped to explain the BAs accumulation mechanism in Chinese sausage, but also developed the candidates for potential BAs control in fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Liying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Carollo Engineers, Inc., Boise, ID, United States
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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