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Oxidative Stress as a Common Key Event in Developmental Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6685204. [PMID: 34336113 PMCID: PMC8315852 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Perinatal exposure to neurotoxicants has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder, and schizophrenia. Studies of the molecular and cellular events related to developmental neurotoxicity have identified a number of “adverse outcome pathways,” many of which share oxidative stress as a key event. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of free oxygen radicals and the activity of the cellular antioxidant system is dysregulated. In this review, we describe some of the developmental neurotoxins that target the antioxidant system and the mechanisms by which they elicit stress, including oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and plasma membrane redox system in rodent models. We also discuss future directions for identifying adverse outcome pathways related to oxidative stress and developmental neurotoxicity, with the goal of improving our ability to quickly and accurately screen chemicals for their potential developmental neurotoxicity.
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Cheffer A, Flitsch LJ, Krutenko T, Röderer P, Sokhranyaeva L, Iefremova V, Hajo M, Peitz M, Schwarz MK, Brüstle O. Human stem cell-based models for studying autism spectrum disorder-related neuronal dysfunction. Mol Autism 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 33308283 PMCID: PMC7733257 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into neurons and glia offers a unique opportunity to study early stages of human central nervous system development under controlled conditions in vitro. With the advent of cell reprogramming and the possibility to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from any individual in a scalable manner, these studies can be extended to a disease- and patient-specific level. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, with substantial evidence pointing to early alterations in neurogenesis and network formation as key pathogenic drivers. For that reason, ASD represents an ideal candidate for stem cell-based disease modeling. Here, we provide a concise review on recent advances in the field of human iPSC-based modeling of syndromic and non-syndromic forms of ASD, with a particular focus on studies addressing neuronal dysfunction and altered connectivity. We further discuss recent efforts to translate stem cell-based disease modeling to 3D via brain organoid and cell transplantation approaches, which enable the investigation of disease mechanisms in a tissue-like context. Finally, we describe advanced tools facilitating the assessment of altered neuronal function, comment on the relevance of iPSC-based models for the assessment of pharmaceutical therapies and outline potential future routes in stem cell-based ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes Cheffer
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Jessica Flitsch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tamara Krutenko
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pascal Röderer
- Life & Brain GmbH, Platform Cellomics, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Liubov Sokhranyaeva
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vira Iefremova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohamad Hajo
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Life & Brain GmbH, Platform Cellomics, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Cell Programming Core Facility, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Karl Schwarz
- Life & Brain GmbH, Platform Cellomics, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Kamata S, Hashiyama R, Hana-Ika H, Ohkubo I, Saito R, Honda A, Anan Y, Akahoshi N, Noguchi K, Kanda Y, Ishii I. Cytotoxicity comparison of 35 developmental neurotoxicants in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells, and transformed cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104999. [PMID: 32949729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 426 for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of industrial/environmental chemicals depends primarily on animal experimentation. This requirement raises various critical issues, such as high cost, long duration, the sacrifice of large numbers of animals, and interspecies differences. This study demonstrates an alternative protocol that is simple, quick, less expensive, and standardized to evaluate DNT of many chemicals using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their differentiation to neural progenitor cells (NPC). Initially, concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of 35 DNT chemicals, including industrial materials, insecticides, and clinical drugs, were compared among iPSC, NPC, and two transformed cells, Cos-7 and HepG2, using tetrazolium dye (MTS)-reducing colorimetric and ATP luciferase assays, and IC50 values were calculated. Next, inhibitory effects of the 14 representative chemicals (mainly insecticides) on iPSC differentiation to NPC were evaluated by measuring altered expression of neural differentiation and undifferentiation marker genes. Results show that both iPSC and NPC were much more sensitive to most DNT chemicals than the transformed cells, and 14 chemicals induced differential patterns of marker gene expression, highlighting the validity and utility of the protocol for evaluation and classification of DNT chemicals and preclinical DNT tests for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Reina Hashiyama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hana-Ika
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Issei Ohkubo
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kohji Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Tributyltin Inhibits Neural Induction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12155. [PMID: 30108368 PMCID: PMC6092327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), one of the organotin compounds, is a well-known environmental pollutant. In our recent study, we reported that TBT induces mitochondrial dysfunction, in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the degradation of mitofusin1 (Mfn1), which is a mitochondrial fusion factor. However, the effect of TBT toxicity on the developmental process of iPSCs was not clear. The present study examined the effect of TBT on the differentiation of iPSCs into the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers. We found that exposure to nanomolar concentration of TBT (50 nM) selectively inhibited the induction of iPSCs into the ectoderm, which is the first step in neurogenesis. We further assessed the effect of TBT on neural differentiation and found that it reduced the expression of several neural differentiation marker genes, which were also downregulated by Mfn1 knockdown in iPSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that TBT induces developmental neurotoxicity via Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSCs.
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