1
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Toledo AG, Bratanis E, Velásquez E, Chowdhury S, Olofsson B, Sorrentino JT, Karlsson C, Lewis NE, Esko JD, Collin M, Shannon O, Malmström J. Pathogen-driven degradation of endogenous and therapeutic antibodies during streptococcal infections. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6693. [PMID: 37872209 PMCID: PMC10593946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a major bacterial pathogen responsible for both local and systemic infections in humans. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here we show that the transition from a local to a systemic GAS infection is paralleled by pathogen-driven alterations in IgG homeostasis. Using animal models and a combination of sensitive proteomics and glycoproteomics readouts, we documented the progressive accumulation of IgG cleavage products in plasma, due to extensive enzymatic degradation triggered by GAS infection in vivo. The level of IgG degradation was modulated by the route of pathogen inoculation, and mechanistically linked to the combined activities of the bacterial protease IdeS and the endoglycosidase EndoS, upregulated during infection. Importantly, we show that these virulence factors can alter the structure and function of exogenous therapeutic IgG in vivo. These results shed light on the role of bacterial virulence factors in shaping GAS pathogenesis, and potentially blunting the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleni Bratanis
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erika Velásquez
- IPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sounak Chowdhury
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - James T Sorrentino
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Alhasan MM, Habazin S, Kahhaleh FG, Lauc G, Conrad ML, Novokmet M. Mouse milk immunoglobulin G Fc-linked N-glycosylation nano-LC-MS analysis in a model of vancomycin exposure during pregnancy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2239-2247. [PMID: 36914840 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays an important role in the transfer of passive immunity in early life and in shaping the neonatal immune system through N-glycan-mediated effector functions. Currently, there are no protocols available to analyze breast milk IgG-Fc glycosylation in mouse models. Therefore, we developed and validated a glycoproteomic workflow for the medium-throughput subclass-specific nano-LC-MS analysis of IgG enriched from small milk volumes of lactating mice. With the established methods, the IgG glycopatterns in a mouse model of antibiotic use during pregnancy and increased asthma susceptibility in the offspring were analyzed. Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with vancomycin during gestation days 8-17 and IgG1F, IgG2, and IgG3-Fc glycosylation was subsequently analyzed in maternal serum, maternal breast milk, and offspring serum on postnatal day 15. The IgG glycosylation profiles of mouse maternal milk and serum revealed no significant differences within the glycoforms quantified across subclasses. However, vancomycin use during pregnancy was associated with changes in IgG-Fc glycosylation in offspring serum, shown by the decreased relative abundance of the IgG1F-G1 and IgG3-G0 glycoforms, together with the increased relative abundance of the IgG3-G2 and S1 glycoforms. The workflow presented will aid in the emerging integrative multi-omics- and glycomics-oriented milk analyses both in rodent models and human cohorts for a better understanding of mother-infant immunological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumen M Alhasan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siniša Habazin
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fariz G Kahhaleh
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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3
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Šoić D, Keser T, Štambuk J, Kifer D, Pociot F, Lauc G, Morahan G, Novokmet M, Gornik O. High-Throughput Human Complement C3 N-Glycoprofiling Identifies Markers of Early Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100407. [PMID: 36031042 PMCID: PMC9538898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that children at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher proportion of oligomannose glycans in their total plasma protein N-glycome compared to their healthy siblings. The most abundant complement component, glycoprotein C3, contains two N-glycosylation sites occupied exclusively by this type of glycans. Furthermore, complement system, as well as C3, was previously associated with T1D. It is also known that changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, so our aim was to characterize the glycosylation profile of C3 in T1D. For this purpose, we developed a novel high-throughput workflow for human C3 concanavalin A lectin affinity enrichment and subsequent LC-MS glycopeptide analysis which enables protein-specific N-glycosylation profiling. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, plasma samples of 61 children/adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D and 84 of their unaffected siblings were C3 N-glycoprofiled. Significant changes of C3 N-glycan profiles were found. T1D was associated with an increase in the proportion of unprocessed glycan structures with more mannose units. A regression model including C3 N-glycans showed notable discriminative power between children with early onset T1D and their healthy siblings with area under curve of 0.879. This study confirmed our previous findings of plasma high-mannose glycan changes in a cohort of recent onset T1D cases, suggesting the involvement of C3 N-glycome in T1D development. Our C3 glycan-based discriminative model could be valuable in assessment of T1D risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,For correspondence: Olga Gornik
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5
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Determination of IgG1 and IgG3 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid Binding-Who Is Binding Who and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116050. [PMID: 35682724 PMCID: PMC9181569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. The exact molecular mechanism is unknown, but it is thought to involve this IgG subtype’s differential ability to fix, complement and stimulate cytokine release. We examined the binding of convalescent patient antibodies to immobilized nucleocapsids and spike proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. IgG3 was a major immunoglobulin found in all samples. Differential analysis of the spectral signatures found for the nucleocapsid versus the spike protein demonstrated that the predominant humoral immune response to the nucleocapsid was IgG3, whilst for the spike protein it was IgG1. However, the spike protein displayed a strong affinity for IgG3 itself, as it would bind from control plasma samples, as well as from those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, similar to the way protein G binds IgG1. Furthermore, detailed spectral analysis indicated that a mass shift consistent with hyper-glycosylation or glycation was a characteristic of the IgG3 captured by the spike protein.
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6
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Werner A, Schäfer S, Zaytseva O, Albert H, Lux A, Krištić J, Pezer M, Lauc G, Winkler T, Nimmerjahn F. Targeting B cells in the pre-phase of systemic autoimmunity globally interferes with autoimmune pathology. iScience 2021; 24:103076. [PMID: 34585117 PMCID: PMC8455742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ damage. While a variety of therapeutic interventions are available, it has become clear that an early diagnosis and treatment may be key to achieve long lasting therapeutic responses and to limit irreversible organ damage. Loss of humoral tolerance including the appearance of self-reactive antibodies can be detected years before the actual onset of the clinical autoimmune disease, representing a potential early point of intervention. Not much is known, however, about how and to what extent this pre-phase of disease impacts the onset and development of subsequent autoimmunity. By targeting the B cell compartment in the pre-disease phase of a spontaneous mouse model of SLE we now show, that resetting the humoral immune system during the clinically unapparent phase of the disease globally alters immune homeostasis delaying the downstream development of systemic autoimmunity. The clinically unapparent pre-phase of SLE impacts clinical disease Autoreactive IgM antibodies represent a biomarker for early therapeutic intervention Pre-phase B cells orchestrate clinical disease Depleting pre-phase B cells diminishes disease pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Schäfer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Zaytseva
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heike Albert
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasminka Krištić
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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7
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High-throughput rat immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation profiling revealed subclass-specific changes associated with chronic stress. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104293. [PMID: 34118474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation corresponds well with immune system changes, so it can potentially be used as a biomarker for the consequences of chronic stress such as low-grade inflammation and enhanced immunosenescence in older animals. Here we present a high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow, including IgG enrichment, HILIC glycopeptide purification, and nano-LC-MS analysis of tryptic glycopeptides applied for the analysis of rat IgG. A cohort of 80 animals was exposed to seven stressors in a customized chronic stress protocol with blood and tissue sampling in three timepoints. Young female rats experienced an increase in agalactosylated glycoforms on IgG2a and IgG2c accompanied by a decrease in monogalactosylation. Among old females, increased galactosylation was observed in the IgG2b subclass, pointing to an anti-inflammatory activity of IgG. Additionally, IgG Fc N-glycosylation patterns in Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed, quantified, and reported for the first time. Our findings emphasize age-, sex- and subclass-dependent differences in IgG glycosylation related to chronic stress exposure, confirming the relevance of newly developed methods for further research in glycobiology of rodent immune response. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we showed that a high-throughput streamlined methodology based on protein L 96-well monolithic plates for efficient rat IgG immunoaffinity enrichment from blood plasma, paired with appropriate tryptic glycopeptide preparation, HILIC-SPE enrichment, and nano-LC-MS methods was suitable for quick processing of large sample sets. We report a subclass-specific profiling and changes in rat IgG Fc galactosylation and adrenal gland immunohistochemistry of male and female animals exposed to a customized chronic stress protocol.
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8
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Habazin S, Štambuk J, Šimunović J, Keser T, Razdorov G, Novokmet M. Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:73-135. [PMID: 34687008 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques enabled by the improvements in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, novel ionization, and fragmentation modes are truly a cornerstone of robust and reliable protein glycosylation analysis. Boost in immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycan and glycopeptide profiling demands for both applied biomedical and research applications has brought many new advances in the field in terms of technical innovations, sample preparation, improved throughput, and confidence in glycan structural characterization. This chapter summarizes mass spectrometry basics, focusing on IgG and monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation analysis on several complexity levels. Different approaches, including antibody enrichment, glycan release, labeling, and glycopeptide preparation and purification, are covered and illustrated with recent breakthroughs and examples from the literature omitting excessive theoretical frameworks. Finally, selected highly popular methodologies in IgG glycoanalytics such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization are discussed more thoroughly yet in simple terms making this text a practical starting point either for the beginner in the field or an experienced clinician trying to make sense out of the IgG glycomic or glycoproteomic dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Habazin
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Frkatovic A, Zaytseva OO, Klaric L. Genetic Regulation of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:259-287. [PMID: 34687013 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Defining the genetic components that control glycosylation of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an ongoing effort, which has so far been addressed by means of heritability, linkage and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Unlike the synthesis of proteins, N-glycosylation biosynthesis is not a template-driven process, but rather a complex process regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Current heritability studies have shown that while up to 75% of the variation in levels of some IgG glycan traits can be explained by genetics, some glycan traits are completely defined by environmental influences. Advances in both high-throughput genotyping and glycan quantification methods have enabled genome-wide association studies that are increasingly used to estimate associations of millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and glycosylation traits. Using this method, 18 genomic regions have so far been robustly associated with IgG N-glycosylation, discovering associations with genes encoding glycosyltransferases, but also transcription factors, co-factors, membrane transporters and other genes with no apparent role in IgG glycosylation. Further computational analyses have shown that IgG glycosylation is likely to be regulated through the expression of glycosyltransferases, but have also for the first time suggested which transcription factors are involved in the process. Moreover, it was also shown that IgG glycosylation and inflammatory diseases share common underlying causal genetic variants, suggesting that studying genetic regulation of IgG glycosylation helps not only to better understand this complex process but can also contribute to understanding why glycans are changed in disease. However, further studies are needed to unravel whether changes in IgG glycosylation are causing these diseases or the changes in the glycome are caused by the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Frkatovic
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga O Zaytseva
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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10
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Patenaude AM, Erhardt J, Hennig R, Rapp E, Lauc G, Pezer M. N-glycosylation analysis of mouse immunoglobulin G isolated from dried blood spots. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:2615-2618. [PMID: 33165939 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The association of immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation changes with various human diseases and physiological conditions is well established. Since the mechanistical explanation of the regulation of IgG glycosylation and its functional role in these various states is still missing, the eyes of the biomedical community are now turned towards animal models, which enable intervention studies necessary for conclusions on causality. Mice are recognized and used as a good experimental model for human IgG glycosylation. However, smaller blood volumes, low IgG concentrations at young ages (which are most often used in mice experiments) and multiple sampling protocols during the course of longitudinal studies would profit from a robust workflow for mouse IgG glycome analysis from minute amounts of starting material, collected through a simple sampling procedure. For this purpose, we have developed a protocol for analysis of total N-glycans of IgG isolated from mouse dried blood spots (DBS), which we report here. We show that mouse DBS are a good source of material for IgG N-glycan analysis by multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (xCGE-LIF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julija Erhardt
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Blöchl C, Regl C, Huber CG, Winter P, Weiss R, Wohlschlager T. Towards middle-up analysis of polyclonal antibodies: subclass-specific N-glycosylation profiling of murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) by means of HPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18080. [PMID: 33093535 PMCID: PMC7581757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advanced HPLC-MS strategies based on intact protein (“top-down”) or protein subunit (“middle-up/middle-down”) analysis have been implemented for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Here, we assess feasibility of middle-up/middle-down analysis for polyclonal IgGs exhibiting extensive sequence variability. Specifically, we addressed IgGs from mouse, representing an important model system in immunological investigations. To obtain Fc/2 portions as conserved subunits of IgGs, we made use of the bacterial protease SpeB. For this purpose, we initially determined SpeB cleavage sites in murine IgGs. The resulting Fc/2 portions characteristic of different subclasses were subsequently analysed by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. This enabled simultaneous relative quantification of IgG subclasses and their N-glycosylation variants, both of which influence IgG effector functions. To assess method capabilities in an immunological context, we applied the analytical workflow to polyclonal antibodies obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with the grass pollen allergen Phl p 6. The study revealed a shift in IgG subclasses and Fc-glycosylation patterns in total and antigen-specific IgGs from different mouse cohorts, respectively. Eventually, Fc/2 characterization may reveal other protein modifications including oxidation, amino acid exchanges, and C-terminal lysine, and may thus be implemented for quality control of functional antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Blöchl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Winter
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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12
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Changes in subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation associated with the postnatal maturation of the murine immune system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15243. [PMID: 32943699 PMCID: PMC7498460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early postnatal life is characterized by a critical time period in which the developing neonatal immune system transitions from passive immunity, induced by protective maternal antibodies, to the competence of a fully functioning immune system. The inflammatory capability of both maternal and neonatal antibodies is governed by N-linked glycosylation of the Fc region, and though this has been examined extensively in adults, there is currently little information regarding antibody glycosylation patterns during early postnatal life. To characterize the murine IgG Fc glycosylation profile during early life, we used nano-LC-ESI-Qq-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to assess subclass specific Asn-297 glycosylation patterns in the serum of BALB/c mice from 5-60 days of age. From birth to adulthood, we observed a decline in proinflammatory Fc glycosylation in all IgG subclasses. This was shown by significantly reduced agalactosylated and monogalactosylated structures combined with increased sialylation after weaning at 45 and 60 days of age. This information indicates that the transition between neonatal life and adulthood in mice is accompanied by reduction of inflammatory IgG antibodies. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature indicating the importance of IgG Fc glycosylation and its association with inflammation during different life stages.
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Han J, Liu Q, Xu X, Qin W, Pan Y, Qin R, Zhao R, Gu Y, Gu J, Ren S. Relative Quantitation of Subclass-Specific Murine IgG Fc N-Glycoforms by Multiple Reaction Monitoring. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8564-8571. [PMID: 32337418 PMCID: PMC7178347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is considered a significant modulator of antibody functions, which is known to be subclass-specific. As mice are the most widely used model organisms in immunological research, determining the variation in Fc glycosylation among each murine IgG subclass in different physiological or pathological statuses is beneficial for studying how the IgG subclass effector function is affected by Fc glycosylation. In this study, we established a method to quantify murine IgG Fc glycoforms normalized to the protein abundance at a subclass-specific level for various mouse strains using multiple reaction monitoring. The glycoform level was normalized to the subclass protein abundance (subclass-specific peptide intensity) in each IgG subclass to eliminate the contribution from the subclass protein abundance. Both good linearity and high repeatability of the method were validated by investigating a mixed mouse serum sample. The method was applied to quantify the differences in subclass-specific IgG Fc N-glycoforms between systemic sclerosis (SSc) mice and healthy control mice. The results demonstrated that each IgG subclass had its own characteristic-altered glycosylation, implying the close association of subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation with SSc in mice. This report demonstrates a method with great reliability and practicality that has promising potential for the relative quantitation of subclass-specific IgG Fc N-glycoforms in multiple mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department
of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200040, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Pan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruihuan Qin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Obstetrics
and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yong Gu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zaytseva OO, Seeling M, Krištić J, Lauc G, Pezer M, Nimmerjahn F. Fc-Linked IgG N-Glycosylation in FcγR Knock-Out Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:67. [PMID: 32195245 PMCID: PMC7063467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype in the blood and is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Glycosylation of the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) region is shown to vary in different physiological and pathological states. Fc N-glycan composition can alter the effector functions of IgG by modulating its affinity for ligands, such as Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). However, it is not known whether IgG glycosylation is affected by the available repertoire of FcγRs, and if the Fc-linked N-glycome can compensate for modulation of the IgG-FcγR interaction. To explore this, we examined the subclass-specific Fc IgG glycoprofiles of healthy male and female FcγR knock-out mice on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds. We observed slight changes in IgG Fc N-glycan profiles in different knock-outs; however, it seems that the strain background and sex have a stronger effect on N-glycosylation of IgG Fc regions than the FcγR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O Zaytseva
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Sodemann EB, Dähling S, Klopfleisch R, Boiarina E, Cataldo D, Alhasan MM, Yildirim AÖ, Witzenrath M, Tabeling C, Conrad ML. Maternal asthma is associated with persistent changes in allergic offspring antibody glycosylation. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:520-531. [PMID: 31912551 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal asthma during pregnancy is considered an environmental risk factor for asthma development in children. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that are transferred from the mother to the fetus are known to act in a pro- or anti-inflammatory manner depending on their glycosylation status. OBJECTIVE Using a mouse model, we examined how maternal allergic airway inflammation during pregnancy influenced offspring experimental asthma severity, as well as maternal and offspring serum IgG antibody glycosylation patterns. Additionally, the effects of maternal and offspring exposure to the same or different allergens were investigated. METHODS Female mice were either sham sensitized or sensitized to casein (CAS) or ovalbumin (OVA) before mating. Subsequently, allergic lung inflammation was induced in pregnant dams via aerosol allergen challenge (sham, CAS or OVA). After weaning, pups were subjected to an experimental asthma protocol using OVA. Asn-297 IgG glycosylation was analysed in maternal and offspring serum. RESULTS When mothers and offspring were sensitized to the same allergen (OVA-OVA), offspring had more severe experimental asthma. This was evidenced by altered antibody concentrations, increased bronchoalveolar lavage inflammatory cell influx and decreased lung tissue and lung draining lymph node regulatory T cell percentages. When mothers and offspring were sensitized to different allergens (CAS-OVA), this phenotype was no longer observed. Additionally, maternal serum from allergic mothers had significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory IgG1, shown by decreased galactosylation and sialylation at the Asn-297 glycosylation site. Similar glycosylation patterns were observed in the serum of adult allergic offspring from allergic mothers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We observed a strong association between maternal experimental asthma during pregnancy, increased offspring airway inflammation and pro-inflammatory IgG glycosylation patterns in mothers and offspring. IgG glycosylation is not a standard measurement in the clinical setting, and we argue that it may be an important parameter to include in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa B Sodemann
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dähling
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Boiarina
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Moumen M Alhasan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Ö Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Tabeling
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie L Conrad
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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