Thiophene-based porous organic networks for volatile iodine capture and effectively detection of mercury ion

UV Light-Driven Nitric Oxide Release from Porous Nitrogen Heterocyclic Polymers

In this study, porous polymers with nitrogen heterocyclic core structures are synthesized through the condensation of enaminonitrile and terephthalaldehyde monomers. These polymers are used as a platform to store bioactive nitric oxide (NO) and control its release. NO loading is achieved by nitrosating the polymers with acidified nitrite, a process that also imparts photoresponsivity to the polymers. Polymer composition and porosity affect NO storage and release. It is observed that under UV light at 365 nm in a PBS solution, the polymers (NO@DHP-POP) can release NO in a manner fully controlled by UV lighting. Under experimental conditions, these porous polymers release NO at a rate of ≈10.0-50.0 µmol g-1 over 60 min. These findings demonstrate the potential of these polymers for integrating NO delivery into phototherapy applications.

Interface-Targeting Carrier-Catalytic Integrated Design Contributing to Lithium Dihalide-Rich SEI toward High Interface Stability for Long-Life Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

The generation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) largely determines the comprehensive performance of all-solid-state batteries. Herein, a novel "carrier-catalytic" integrated design is strategically exploited to in situ construct a stable LiF-LiBr rich SEI by improving the electron transfer kinetics to accelerate the bond-breaking dynamics. Specifically, the high electron transport capacity of Br-TPOM skeleton increases the polarity of C-Br, thus promoting the generation of LiBr. Then, the enhancement of electron transfer kinetics further promotes the fracture of C-F from TFSI- to form LiF. Finally, the stable and homogeneous artificial-SEI with enriched lithium dihalide is constructed through the in situ co-growth mechanism of LiF and LiBr, which facilitatse the Li-ion transport kinetics and regulates the lithium deposition behavior. Impressively, the PEO-Br-TPOM paired with LiFePO4 delivers ultra-long cycling stability over 1000 cycles with 81 % capacity retention at 1 C while the pouch cells possess 88 % superior capacity retention after 550 cycles with initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g-1at 0.2 C in the absence of external pressure. Even under stringent conditions, the practical pouch cells possess the practical capacity with stable electric quantities plateau in 30 cycles demonstrates its application potential in energy storage field.

Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors

Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.

Thiophene-Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Visible-Light-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Amines

This study reports on a metal-free Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF) incorporating bithiophene structural units (TP-CTF) with a semicrystalline structure as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The physico-chemical properties and composition of this material was confirmed via different characterization solid-state techniques, such as XRD, TGA, CO2 adsorption and FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The compound was synthesized through a solvothermal process and was explored as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation. TP-CTF demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity, with high conversion rates and selectivity. Importantly, the material exhibited exceptional stability and recyclability, making it a strong candidate for sustainable and efficient imine synthesis. The low bandgap of TP-CTF enabled the efficient absorption of visible light, which is a notable advantage for visible-light-driven photocatalysis.

Growth mechanism study and band structure modulation of a manganese doped two-dimensional BlueP-Au network

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a very promising material family. The two-dimensional inorganic metal network called BlueP-Au network is rapidly attracting the attention of researchers due to its customizable architecture, adjustable chemical functions and electronic properties. Herein, manganese (Mn) was successfully doped on a BlueP-Au network for the first time, then the doping mechanism and electronic structure evolution was studied by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) based on synchrotron radiation, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Density functional theory (DFT), Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), etc. Mn atoms tend to be stably adsorbed on two sites of the BlueP-Au network. It was the first observation that atoms can absorb on the two sites stably simultaneously. It is different from the previous adsorption models of BlueP-Au networks. The band structure was also successfully modulated, and overall down about 0.25 eV relative to the Fermi edge. It provided a new strategy for customizing the functional structure of the BlueP-Au network, which has provided new insights into monatomic catalysis, energy storage and nano electronic devices.

Synthesis and Iodine Adsorption Properties of Organometallic Copolymers with Propeller-Shaped Fe(II) Clathrochelates Bridged by Different Diaryl Thioether and Their Oxidized Sulfone Derivatives

Three organometallic copolymers, ICP1-3, containing iron(II) clathrochelate units with cyclohexyl lateral groups and interconnected by various thioether derivatives were synthesized. The reaction of the latter into their corresponding OICP1-3 sulfone derivatives was achieved quantitatively using mild oxidation reaction conditions. The target copolymers, ICP1-3 and OICP1-3, were characterized by various instrumental analysis techniques, and their iodine uptake studies disclosed excellent iodine properties, reaching a maximum of 360 wt.% (q_e = 3600 mg g^-1). The adsorption mechanisms of the copolymers were explored using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Furthermore, regeneration tests confirmed the efficiency of the target copolymers for their iodine adsorption even after several adsorption-desorption cycles.

Synthesis of Metalorganic Copolymers Containing Various Contorted Units and Iron(II) Clathrochelates with Lateral Butyl Chains: Conspicuous Adsorbents of Lithium Ions and Methylene Blue

We report the synthesis of three highly soluble metalorganic copolymers, TCP1-3, that were made from a one-pot complexation of iron(II) clathrochelate units that are interconnected by various thioether-containing contorted groups. TCP1-3 were converted into their poly(vinyl sulfone) derivatives OTCP1-3 quantitatively via the selective oxidation of the thioether moieties into their respective sulfones. All of the copolymers, TCP1-3 and OTCP1-3, underwent structural analysis by various techniques; namely, ¹H- and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The copolymers were tested as potent lithium ions adsorbents revealing a maximum adsorption (q_m) value of 2.31 mg g^-1 for OTCP2. Furthermore, this same copolymer was found to be a promising adsorbent of methylene blue (MEB); an isothermal adsorption study divulged that OTCP2's uptake of MEB from an aqueous solution (following the Langmuir model) was, at maximum adsorption capacity, (q_m) of 480.77 mg g^-1; whereas the kinetic study divulged that the adsorption follows pseudo second-order kinetics with an equilibrium adsorption capacity (q_e,cal) of 45.40 mg g^-1.

Triphenylamine-containing imine-linked porous organic network for luminescent detection and adsorption of Cr(VI) in water

In this study, an imine-linked luminescent porous organic network (PON) has been successfully synthesized by the Schiff-base condensation reaction between 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine and tris(4-formylphenyl)amine. It exhibits strong fluorescence in an aqueous dispersion and can be applied as a luminescent probe for Cr(VI) (CrO₄^2- and Cr₂O₇^2-) with high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD for Cr₂O₇^2- and CrO₄^2- were below 0.35 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively) in a turn-off manner. The possible luminescence sensing mechanism and the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) are also discussed in detail.

Fluorinated Iron(ii) clathrochelate units in metalorganic based copolymers: improved porosity, iodine uptake, and dye adsorption properties

We report the synthesis of metalorganic copolymers made from the palladium catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction between various iron(ii) clathrochelate building blocks with diethynyl-triptycene and fluorene derivatives. The target copolymers CCP1-5 were isolated in excellent yield and characterized by various instrumental analysis techniques. Interestingly, investigation of the copolymers' porosity properties discloses BET surface areas up to 337 m2 g-1 for the target compounds bearing fluorinated iron(ii) clathrochelate units CCP2,5. Moreover, the fluorinated copolymers display an outstanding uptake capacity of iodine with a maximum adsorption of 200 wt%. The target metalorganic copolymers CCP1-5 reveal very good adsorption of organic dyes, namely, methyl blue and methylene blue, from aqueous media.

A red luminescent Eu3+ doped conjugated microporous polymer for highly sensitive and selective detection of aluminum ions

A Eu³⁺ doped-CMP composite can be used as a chemosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of Al³⁺.

Fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer for reversible iodine capture and sensing

A novel triazene-anthracene-based fluorescent aminal linked porous organic polymer (TALPOP) was prepared via metal free-Schiff base polycondensation reaction of 9,10-bis-(4,6-diamino-S-triazin-2-yl)anthracene and 2-furaldehyde. The polymer has exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities and exhibit good porosity with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 401 m²g⁻¹. The combination of such porosity along with the highly conjugated heteroatom-rich framework enabled the polymer to exhibit exceptional iodine vapor uptake of up to 314 wt % and reversible iodine adsorption in solution. Because of the inclusion of the anthracene moieties, the TALPOP exhibited excellent detection sensitivity towards iodine via florescence quenching with K_sv value of 2.9 × 10³ L mol⁻¹. The cost effective TALPOP along with its high uptake and sensing of iodine, make it an ideal material for environmental remediation.

Thiophene-embedded conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalysis

“Bottom-up” embedding of thiophene derivatives into CMPs for highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis is reported.

Conjugated porous polymers: incredibly versatile materials with far-reaching applications

This review discusses conjugated porous polymers and focuses on relating design principles and synthetic methods to key properties and applications such as (photo)catalysis, gas storage, chemical sensing, energy storage and environmental remediation.

Synthesis of conjugated polymers via cyclopentannulation reaction: promising materials for iodine adsorption

A new class of conjugated polymers is prepared by means of a versatile palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction using a series of specially designed diethynyl aryl synthons with the commercially available 9,10-dibromoanthracene DBA monomer.