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Shu J, Deng H, Zhang Y, Wu F, He J. Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae016. [PMID: 38476678 PMCID: PMC10932484 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in tumor progression, invasiveness and drug resistance. During malignant transformation, changes manifest in either the mechanical properties of the tissue or the cellular ability to sense and respond to mechanical signals. The major focus of the review is the subtle correlation between mechanical cues and apoptosis in tumor cells from a mechanobiology perspective. To begin, we focus on the intracellular force, examining the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and outlining the role that the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelle-mediated intracellular forces play in tumor cell apoptosis. This article also elucidates the mechanisms by which extracellular forces guide tumor cell mechanosensing, ultimately triggering the activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and impacting tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, a comprehensive examination of the present status of the design and development of anti-cancer materials targeting mechanotransduction is presented, emphasizing the underlying design principles. Furthermore, the article underscores the need to address several unresolved inquiries to enhance our comprehension of cancer therapeutics that target mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Huan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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Osama M, Essibayi MA, Osama M, Ibrahim IA, Nasr Mostafa M, Şakir Ekşi M. The impact of interaction between verteporfin and yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif-TEA domain pathway on the progression of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2023; 15:11795735231195760. [PMID: 37600236 PMCID: PMC10439684 DOI: 10.1177/11795735231195760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin and 5-ALA are used for visualizing malignant tissue components in different body tumors and as photodynamic therapy in treating isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM). Additionally, verteporfin interferes with Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif - TEA domain (TAZ-TEAD) pathway, thus inhibiting the downstream effect of these oncogenes and reducing the malignant properties of GBM. Animal studies have shown verteporfin to be successful in increasing survival rates, which have led to the conduction of phase 1 and 2 clinical trials to further investigate its efficacy in treating GBM. In this article, we aimed to review the novel mechanism of verteporfin's action, the impact of its interaction with YAP/TAZ-TEAD, its effect on glioblastoma stem cells, and its role in inducing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mona Osama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ismail A. Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fenerbahce University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Şakir Ekşi
- Neurosurgery Clinic, FSM Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Golubev DA, Zemskaya NV, Gorbunova AA, Kukuman DV, Moskalev A, Shaposhnikov MV. Studying the Geroprotective Properties of YAP/TAZ Signaling Inhibitors on Drosophila melanogaster Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066006. [PMID: 36983079 PMCID: PMC10058302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the main downstream effectors of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway. YAP/TAZ are implicated in the transcriptional regulation of target genes that are involved in a wide range of key biological processes affecting tissue homeostasis and play dual roles in the aging process, depending on the cellular and tissue context. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological inhibitors of Yap/Taz increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to measure the changes in the expression of Yki (Yorkie, the Drosophila homolog of YAP/TAZ) target genes. We have revealed a lifespan-increasing effect of YAP/TAZ inhibitors that was mostly associated with decreased expression levels of the wg and E2f1 genes. However, further analysis is required to understand the link between the YAP/TAZ pathway and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Golubev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Zemskaya
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Gorbunova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Daria V Kukuman
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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Condurat AL, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Malnar M, Schider N, Opitz L, Thomas R, Menon V, Kofler B, Pruszak J. Verteporfin-induced proteotoxicity impairs cell homeostasis and survival in neuroblastoma subtypes independent of YAP/TAZ expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3760. [PMID: 36882436 PMCID: PMC9992669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a highly aggressive extracranial solid tumor in children. Due to its heterogeneity, NB remains a therapeutic challenge. Several oncogenic factors, including the Hippo effectors YAP/TAZ, are associated with NB tumorigenesis. Verteporfin (VPF) is an FDA-approved drug shown to directly inhibit YAP/TAZ activity. Our study aimed to investigate VPF's potential as a therapeutic agent in NB. We show that VPF selectively and efficiently impairs the viability of YAP/TAZ-expressing NB GI-ME-N and SK-N-AS cells, but not of non-malignant fibroblasts. To investigate whether VPF-mediated NB cell killing is YAP-dependent, we tested VPF potency in CRISPR-mediated YAP/TAZ knock-out GI-ME-N cells, and BE(2)-M17 NB cells (a MYCN-amplified, predominantly YAP-negative NB subtype). Our data shows that VPF-mediated NB cell killing is not dependent on YAP expression. Moreover, we determined that the formation of higher molecular weight (HMW) complexes is an early and shared VPF-induced cytotoxic mechanism in both YAP-positive and YAP-negative NB models. The accumulation of HMW complexes, involving STAT3, GM130 and COX IV proteins, impaired cell homeostasis and triggered cell stress and cell death mechanisms. Altogether, our study shows significant in vitro and in vivo VPF-induced suppression of NB growth, making VPF a potential therapeutic candidate against NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Larisa Condurat
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mirjana Malnar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Schider
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leonie Opitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vishal Menon
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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5
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Zhang W, He Y, Kang X, Wang C, Chen F, Kang Z, Yang S, Zhang R, Peng Y, Li W. Association between dietary minerals and glioma: A case-control study based on Chinese population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1118997. [PMID: 36937365 PMCID: PMC10018027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1118997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the essential nutrients for the human body, minerals participate in various physiological activities of the body and are closely related to many cancers. However, the population study on glioma is not sufficient. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between five dietary minerals and glioma. Methods A total of 506 adult patients with glioma and 506 healthy controls were matched 1:1 according to age (±5 years) and sex. The food intake of the subjects in the past year was collected through the food frequency questionnaire, and the intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper in the diet were calculated. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for dietary minerals to gliomas. Results After adjusting for confounders, higher intakes of calcium (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57-0.74), magnesium (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.11-0.29), iron (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.11), zinc (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54-0.73), and copper (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.39) were associated with a significantly decreased risk of glioma. Similar results were observed in gliomas of different pathological types and pathological grades. The restriction cubic spline function suggested significant linear dose-response relationships between intakes of five minerals and the risk of glioma. When the dietary minerals exceeded a particular intake, the risk of glioma stabilized. Conclusion Our study suggests that higher dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper are associated with a decreased risk of glioma. However, the results of this study require further exploration of potential mechanisms in the future better to elucidate the effects of mineral intake on gliomas.
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Qi C, Hu Y, Zeng M, Chen H, Shi J, Jue H, Zhao Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wu H. Verteporfin inhibits the dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells via TGF-β1/Smad pathway but induces podocyte loss in diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2022; 311:121186. [PMID: 36375573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells has been identified as an important trigger of renal fibrosis. The Hippo pathway is a crucial regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we determined the role of Hippo proteins in tubular dedifferentiation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). MAIN METHODS In this study, we measured dedifferentiation markers and Hippo proteins in db/db mice and high glucose treated tubular epithelial cells. Then, verteporfin and knockdown of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS) 1 and 2 were performed to uncover therapeutic targets for DN. KEY FINDINGS Here, we found dedifferentiation and upregulated Hippo proteins in tubular epithelial cells in DN model both in vivo and in vitro. Both verteporfin and LATS knockdown could inhibit the tubular mesenchymal transition, but verteporfin showed broad inhibitory effect on Hippo proteins, especially nuclear YAP, and exacerbated podocyte loss of DN. LATS2 knockdown did not reverse the tubular E-Cadherin loss while it also induced podocyte apoptosis. Overall, intervention of LATS1 inhibited tubular dedifferentiation efficiently without affecting YAP and bringing podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the TGF-β1/Smad, instead of the YAP-TEAD-CTGF signaling, might be the underlying pathway through which verteporfin and LATS1 engaged in the tubular dedifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, verteporfin is not a suitable treatment for DN owing to evitable podocyte loss and apoptosis. Targeting LATS1 is a better choice worthy of further investigation for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingyao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Brinks J, van Dijk EHC, Meijer OC, Schlingemann RO, Boon CJF. Choroidal arteriovenous anastomoses: a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy and other pachychoroid disease spectrum abnormalities. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:946-959. [PMID: 35179828 PMCID: PMC9790326 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) includes several chorioretinal diseases that share specific choroidal abnormalities. Although their pathophysiological basis is poorly understood, diseases that are part of the PDS have been hypothesized to be the result of venous congestion. Within the PDS, central serous chorioretinopathy is the most common condition associated with vision loss, due to an accumulation of subretinal fluid in the macula. Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by distinct risk factors, most notably a high prevalence in males and exposure to corticosteroids. Interestingly, sex differences and corticosteroids are also strongly associated with specific types of arteriovenous anastomoses in the human body, including dural arteriovenous fistula and surgically created arteriovenous shunts. In this manuscript, we assess the potential of such arteriovenous anastomoses in the choroid as a causal mechanism of the PDS. We propose how this may provide a novel unifying concept on the pathophysiological basis of the PDS, and present cases in which this mechanism may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brinks
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Elon H. C. van Dijk
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Onno C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Reinier O. Schlingemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Lausanne, Jules‐Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des AveuglesLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of OphthalmologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Identification of a Quinone Derivative as a YAP/TEAD Activity Modulator from a Repurposing Library. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020391. [PMID: 35214125 PMCID: PMC8878929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) are the major downstream effectors in the Hippo pathway and are involved in cancer progression through modulation of the activity of TEAD (transcriptional enhanced associate domain) transcription factors. To exploit the advantages of drug repurposing in the search of new drugs, we developed a similar approach for the identification of new hits interfering with TEAD target gene expression. In our study, a 27-member in-house library was assembled, characterized, and screened for its cancer cell growth inhibition effect. In a secondary luciferase-based assay, only seven compounds confirmed their specific involvement in TEAD activity. IA5 bearing a p-quinoid structure reduced the cytoplasmic level of phosphorylated YAP and the YAP–TEAD complex transcriptional activity and reduced cancer cell growth. IA5 is a promising hit compound for TEAD activity modulator development.
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Calori IR, Alves SR, Bi H, Tedesco AC. Type-I Collagen/Collagenase Modulates the 3D Structure and Behavior of Glioblastoma Spheroid Models. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:723-733. [PMID: 35068151 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids have emerged as well-structured, three-dimensional culture models that resemble and mimic the complexity of the dense and hypoxic cancer microenvironment. However, in brain tumor studies, a variety of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines only self-assemble into loose cellular aggregates, lacking the properties of actual glioma tumors in humans. In this study, we used type-I collagen as an extracellular matrix component to promote the compaction of GBM aggregates forming tight spheroids to understand how collagen influences the properties of tumors, such as their growth, proliferation, and invasion, and collagenase to promote collagen degradation. The GBM cell lines U87MG, T98G, and A172, as well as the medulloblastoma cell line UW473, were used as standard cell lines that do not spontaneously self-assemble into spheroids, and GBM U251 was used as a self-assembling cell line. According to the findings, all cell lines formed tight spheroids at collagen concentrations higher than 15.0 μg mL-1. Collagen was distributed along the spheroid, similarly to that observed in invasive GBM tumors, and decreased cell migration with no effect on the cellular uptake of small active molecules, as demonstrated by uptake studies using the photosensitizer verteporfin. The enzymatic cleavage of collagen affected spheroid morphology and increased cell migration while maintaining cell viability. Such behaviors are relevant to the physiological models of GBM tumors and are useful for better understanding cell migration and the in vivo infiltration path, drug screening, and kinetics of progression of GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Rodrigo Calori
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Samara Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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10
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Barrette AM, Ronk H, Joshi T, Mussa Z, Mehrotra M, Bouras A, Nudelman G, Jesu Raj JG, Bozec D, Lam W, Houldsworth J, Yong R, Zaslavsky E, Hadjipanayis CG, Birtwistle MR, Tsankova NM. Anti-invasive efficacy and survival benefit of the YAP-TEAD inhibitor Verteporfin in preclinical glioblastoma models. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:694-707. [PMID: 34657158 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a largely incurable disease as current therapy fails to target the invasive nature of GBM growth in disease progression and recurrence. Here we use the FDA-approved drug and small molecule Hippo inhibitor Verteporfin to target YAP-TEAD activity, known to mediate convergent aspects of tumor invasion/metastasis, and assess the drug's efficacy and survival benefit in GBM models. METHODS Up to eight low-passage patient-derived GBM cell lines with distinct genomic drivers, including three primary/recurrent pairs, were treated with Verteporfin or vehicle to assess in-vitro effects on proliferation, migration, YAP-TEAD activity, and transcriptomics. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models (PDX) were used to assess Verteporfin's brain penetrance and effects on tumor burden and survival. RESULTS Verteporfin treatment disturbed YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity; disrupted transcriptome signatures related to invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal, and proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, phenocopying TEAD1-knockout effects; and impaired tumor migration/invasion dynamics across primary and recurrent GBM lines. In an aggressive orthotopic PDX GBM model, short-term Verteporfin treatment consistently diminished core and infiltrative tumor burden, which was associated with decreased tumor expression of Ki67, nuclear YAP, TEAD1, and TEAD-associated targets EGFR, CDH2 and ITGB1. Finally, long-term Verteporfin treatment appeared non-toxic and conferred survival benefit compared to vehicle in two PDX models: as monotherapy in primary (de-novo) GBM and in combination with Temozolomide chemoradiation in recurrent GBM, where VP treatment associated with increased MGMT methylation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate combined anti-invasive and anti-proliferative efficacy for Verteporfin with survival benefit in preclinical GBM models, indicating potential therapeutic value of this already FDA-approved drug if repurposed for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Barrette
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Halle Ronk
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zarmeen Mussa
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenakshi Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandros Bouras
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joe G Jesu Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominique Bozec
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Lam
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Houldsworth
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymund Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Brinks J, van Dijk EHC, Klaassen I, Schlingemann RO, Kielbasa SM, Emri E, Quax PHA, Bergen AA, Meijer OC, Boon CJF. Exploring the choroidal vascular labyrinth and its molecular and structural roles in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 87:100994. [PMID: 34280556 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The choroid is a key player in maintaining ocular homeostasis and plays a role in a variety of chorioretinal diseases, many of which are poorly understood. Recent advances in the field of single-cell RNA sequencing have yielded valuable insights into the properties of choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). Here, we review the role of the choroid in various physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms, focusing on the role of CECs. We also discuss new insights regarding the phenotypic properties of CECs, CEC subpopulations, and the value of measuring transcriptomics in primary CEC cultures derived from post-mortem eyes. In addition, we discuss key phenotypic, structural, and functional differences that distinguish CECs from other endothelial cells such as retinal vascular endothelial cells. Understanding the specific clinical and molecular properties of the choroid will shed new light on the pathogenesis of the broad clinical range of chorioretinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy and other diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum, uveitis, and diabetic choroidopathy. Although our knowledge is still relatively limited with respect to the clinical features and molecular pathways that underlie these chorioretinal diseases, we summarise new approaches and discuss future directions for gaining new insights into these sight-threatening diseases and highlight new therapeutic strategies such as pluripotent stem cell‒based technologies and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brinks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S M Kielbasa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E Emri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - O C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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12
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Morciano G, Vezzani B, Missiroli S, Boncompagni C, Pinton P, Giorgi C. An Updated Understanding of the Role of YAP in Driving Oncogenic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123100. [PMID: 34205830 PMCID: PMC8234554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2020, the global cancer database GLOBOCAN estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies may help prognosis and outcome of the patients affected, but the understanding of the plethora of highly interconnected pathways that modulate cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, migration and survival remains an ambitious goal. Here we propose an updated state of the art of YAP as the key protein driving oncogenic response via promoting all those steps at multiple levels. Of interest, the role of YAP in immunosuppression is a field of evolving research and growing interest and this summary about the current pharmacological therapies impacting YAP serves as starting point for future studies. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) has emerged as a key component in cancer signaling and is considered a potent oncogene. As such, nuclear YAP participates in complex and only partially understood molecular cascades that are responsible for the oncogenic response by regulating multiple processes, including cell transformation, tumor growth, migration, and metastasis, and by acting as an important mediator of immune and cancer cell interactions. YAP is finely regulated at multiple levels, and its localization in cells in terms of cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling (and vice versa) sheds light on interesting novel anticancer treatment opportunities and putative unconventional functions of the protein when retained in the cytosol. This review aims to summarize and present the state of the art knowledge about the role of YAP in cancer signaling, first focusing on how YAP differs from WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also named as TAZ) and which upstream factors regulate it; then, this review focuses on the role of YAP in different cancer stages and in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells as well as growing translational strategies derived from its inhibitory and synergistic effects with existing chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapies.
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13
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An Alternative Pipeline for Glioblastoma Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Drug Repurposing in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081953. [PMID: 33919596 PMCID: PMC8073966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a devastating malignancy that has continued to prove resistant to a variety of therapeutics. No new systemic therapy has been approved for use against glioblastoma in almost two decades. This observation is particularly disturbing given the amount of money invested in identifying novel therapies for this disease. A relatively rapid and economical pipeline for identification of novel agents is drug repurposing. Here, a comprehensive review detailing the state of drug repurposing in glioblastoma is provided. We reveal details on studies that have examined agents in vitro, in animal models and in patients. While most agents have not progressed beyond the initial stages, several drugs, from a variety of classes, have demonstrated promising results in early phase clinical trials. Abstract The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains a significant challenge, with outcome for most pa-tients remaining poor. Although novel therapies have been developed, several obstacles restrict the incentive of drug developers to continue these efforts including the exorbitant cost, high failure rate and relatively small patient population. Repositioning drugs that have well-characterized mechanistic and safety profiles is an attractive alternative for drug development in GBM. In ad-dition, the relative ease with which repurposed agents can be transitioned to the clinic further supports their potential for examination in patients. Here, a systematic analysis of the literature and clinical trials provides a comprehensive review of primary articles and unpublished trials that use repurposed drugs for the treatment of GBM. The findings demonstrate that numerous drug classes that have a range of initial indications have efficacy against preclinical GBM models and that certain agents have shown significant potential for clinical benefit. With examination in randomized, placebo-controlled trials and the targeting of particular GBM subgroups, it is pos-sible that repurposing can be a cost-effective approach to identify agents for use in multimodal anti-GBM strategies.
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14
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Koehler A, Karve A, Desai P, Arbiser J, Plas DR, Qi X, Read RD, Sasaki AT, Gawali VS, Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Kallay L, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Reuse of Molecules for Glioblastoma Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:99. [PMID: 33525329 PMCID: PMC7912673 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard of care for GBM is the Stupp protocol which includes surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy concomitant with the DNA alkylator temozolomide; however, survival under this treatment regimen is an abysmal 12-18 months. New and emerging treatments include the application of a physical device, non-invasive 'tumor treating fields' (TTFs), including its concomitant use with standard of care; and varied vaccines and immunotherapeutics being trialed. Some of these approaches have extended life by a few months over standard of care, but in some cases are only available for a minority of GBM patients. Extensive activity is also underway to repurpose and reposition therapeutics for GBM, either alone or in combination with the standard of care. In this review, we present select molecules that target different pathways and are at various stages of clinical translation as case studies to illustrate the rationale for their repurposing-repositioning and potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - David R. Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Renee D. Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Atsuo T. Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Donatien K. Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
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15
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Vilchez ML, Rodríguez LB, Palacios RE, Prucca CG, Caverzán MD, Caputto BL, Rivarola VA, Milla Sanabria LN. Isolation and initial characterization of human glioblastoma cells resistant to photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102097. [PMID: 33232818 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most severe form of brain cancer. Despite multimodal therapy combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, prognosis of patients is dismal. It has been observed that the surgical resection guided by photosensitizer fluorescence followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT) prolongs the average survival in patients with glioblastoma. The main problem with all oncological treatments, including PDT, is the presence of resistant cells. The objective of this study was to isolate and perform an initial characterization of human glioblastoma cells resistant to PDT employing methyl-5-aminolevulinic acid. We obtained resistant cells from the T98 G cell line. Resistant populations accumulated less photosensitizer, formed spheroids of higher number of cells, had higher tumorigenic capacity, and expressed higher mRNA levels of fibroblastic growth factor receptor (FGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and β-platelet-derived growth factor receptor (βPDGFR) than parental cells. The studies of glioblastoma resistance to PDT would help to better understand the causes of tumor recurrence after PDT and to develop new therapeutic proposals in this field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Vilchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía B Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), IITEMA, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César G Prucca
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), CIQUIBIC, CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Matías D Caverzán
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz L Caputto
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), CIQUIBIC, CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Rivarola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura N Milla Sanabria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
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16
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Vigneswaran K, Boyd NH, Oh SY, Lallani S, Boucher A, Neill SG, Olson JJ, Read RD. YAP/TAZ Transcriptional Coactivators Create Therapeutic Vulnerability to Verteporfin in EGFR-mutant Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1553-1569. [PMID: 33172899 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastomas (GBMs), neoplasms derived from glia and neuroglial progenitor cells, are the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults, with a median survival of 14 months. GBM tumorigenicity is often driven by genetic aberrations in receptor tyrosine kinases, such as amplification and mutation of EGFR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a Drosophila glioma model and human patient-derived GBM stem cells and xenograft models, we genetically and pharmacologically tested whether the YAP and TAZ transcription coactivators, effectors of the Hippo pathway that promote gene expression via TEA domain (TEAD) cofactors, are key drivers of GBM tumorigenicity downstream of oncogenic EGFR signaling. RESULTS YAP and TAZ are highly expressed in EGFR-amplified/mutant human GBMs, and their knockdown in EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells inhibited proliferation and elicited apoptosis. Our results indicate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD directly regulates transcription of SOX2, C-MYC, and EGFR itself to create a feedforward loop to drive survival and proliferation of human GBM cells. Moreover, the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin, a disruptor of YAP/TAZ-TEAD-mediated transcription, preferentially induced apoptosis of cultured patient-derived EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells, suppressed expression of YAP/TAZ transcriptional targets, including EGFR, and conferred significant survival benefit in an orthotopic xenograft GBM model. Our efforts led us to design and initiate a phase 0 clinical trial of Visudyne, an FDA-approved liposomal formulation of verteporfin, where we used intraoperative fluorescence to observe verteporfin uptake into tumor cells in GBM tumors in human patients. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that verteporfin is a promising therapeutic agent for EGFR-amplified and -mutant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel H Boyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Se-Yeong Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shoeb Lallani
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Boucher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stewart G Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renee D Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Prieto JM, Rapún-Araiz B, Gil C, Penadés JR, Lasa I, Latasa C. Inhibiting the two-component system GraXRS with verteporfin to combat Staphylococcus aureus infections. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17939. [PMID: 33087792 PMCID: PMC7577973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus pose a serious and sometimes fatal health issue. With the aim of exploring a novel therapeutic approach, we chose GraXRS, a Two-Component System (TCS) that determines bacterial resilience against host innate immune barriers, as an alternative target to disarm S. aureus. Following a drug repurposing methodology, and taking advantage of a singular staphylococcal strain that lacks the whole TCS machinery but the target one, we screened 1.280 off-patent FDA-approved drug for GraXRS inhibition. Reinforcing the connection between this signaling pathway and redox sensing, we found that antioxidant and redox-active molecules were capable of reducing the expression of the GraXRS regulon. Among all the compounds, verteporfin (VER) was really efficient in enhancing PMN-mediated bacterial killing, while topical administration of such drug in a murine model of surgical wound infection significantly reduced the bacterial load. Experiments relying on the chemical mimicry existing between VER and heme group suggest that redox active residue C227 of GraS participates in the inhibition exerted by this FDA-approved drug. Based on these results, we propose VER as a promising candidate for sensitizing S. aureus that could be helpful to combat persistent or antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Rapún-Araiz
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José R Penadés
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Latasa
- RECOMBINA SL, Calle Nueva, 8 local 10, Mutilva 31192, Navarra, Spain.
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18
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Wei C, Li X. The Role of Photoactivated and Non-Photoactivated Verteporfin on Tumor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:557429. [PMID: 33178014 PMCID: PMC7593515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.557429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP) has long been clinically used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recent studies have reported a significant anti-tumor effect of VP as well. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a pro-tumorigenic factor that is aberrantly expressed in various cancers and is a central effector of the Hippo signaling pathway that regulates organ size and tumorigenesis. VP can inhibit YAP without photoactivation, along with suppressing autophagy, and downregulating germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). In addition, VP can induce mitochondrial damage and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoactivation, and is an effective photosensitizer (PS) in anti-tumor PDT. We have reviewed the direct and adjuvant therapeutic action of VP as a PS, and its YAP/TEA domain (TEAD)-dependent and independent pharmacological effects in the absence of light activation against cancer cells and solid tumors. Based on the present evidence, VP may be repositioned as a promising anti-cancer chemotherapeutic and adjuvant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
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19
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Wang M, Liu C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Fang Z, Jin L. Verteporfin Is a Promising Anti-Tumor Agent for Cervical Carcinoma by Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1781. [PMID: 33014875 PMCID: PMC7494960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has shown that the photosensitizer Verteporfin (VP) may be an ideal agent for various cancer types. However, the effect and mechanism of VP on human cervical carcinoma remain rudimentary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VP on human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa and SiHa cells) and to elucidate the possible mechanism. CCK-8, wound healing assay, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting, TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate the effects of VP on HeLa and SiHa cells in vitro as well as in vivo on a xenograft model. In addition, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in VP-induced apoptosis was investigated using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The results showed that the viability of HeLa and SiHa cells was suppressed by VP in dose- and time-dependent manners. Compared with the control group, apoptosis rates were higher with stronger TUNEL fluorescence signals in the experimental group, which substantiated that VP induced apoptosis at both 2D and 3D cell levels. Besides, VP can squelch the growth of tumors in both sizes and weights on the xenograft models without impairing ovarian reserve. Mechanism studies demonstrated that VP activated ER stress by upregulating the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12, and VP-induced apoptosis can be alleviated when ER stress pathway was inhibited. Our results provided a foundation for repurposing VP as a promising agent for cervical cancer patients without obvious reproductive toxicity by targeting ER stress pathway, and more researches are required to support its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zishui Fang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Shibata M, Ooki A, Inokawa Y, Sadhukhan P, Ugurlu MT, Izumchenko E, Munari E, Bogina G, Rudin CM, Gabrielson E, Singh A, Hoque MO. Concurrent Targeting of Potential Cancer Stem Cells Regulating Pathways Sensitizes Lung Adenocarcinoma to Standard Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2175-2185. [PMID: 32847981 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. YAP1 and STAT3 are the two transcription factors that facilitate the therapeutic resistance and expansion of CSCs. The objective of this study was to understand the cross-talk between YAP1 and STAT3 activities and to determine the therapeutic efficacy of targeting dual CSC-regulating pathways (YAP1 and STAT3) combined with chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we showed that YAP1 contributes to CSC regulation and enhances tumor formation while suppressing apoptosis. Mechanistically, YAP1 promotes phosphorylation of STAT3 by upregulating IL6. In lung adenocarcinoma clinical specimens, YAP1 expression correlated with that of IL6 (P < 0.01). More importantly, YAP1 and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein expressions were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) in primary lung adenocarcinoma as determined by IHC. Immunoblotting of 13 lung adenocarcinoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) showed that all YAP1-expressing PDXs also exhibited pSTAT3. Additional investigations revealed that chemotherapy resistance and malignant stemness were influenced by upregulating NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, and the expression of these targets significantly attenuated by genetically and pharmacologically hindering the activities of YAP1 and STAT3 in vivo and in vitro Therapeutically, the dual inhibition of YAP1 and STAT3 elicits a long-lasting therapeutic response by limiting CSC expansion following chemotherapy in cell line xenograft and PDX models of lung adenocarcinoma. Collectively, these findings provide a conceptual framework to target the YAP1 and STAT3 pathways concurrently with systemic chemotherapy to improve the clinical management of lung adenocarcinoma, based on evidence that these two pathways expand CSC populations that mediate resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pritam Sadhukhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Talha Ugurlu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Qi F, Li Q, Lu X, Chen Z. Bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data to validate potential novel biomarkers and small molecule drugs for glioblastoma multiforme. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520924541. [PMID: 32634050 PMCID: PMC7343367 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520924541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There have been no recent improvements in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) outcome, with median survival remaining 15 months. Consequently, the need to identify novel biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and prognosis, and to develop targeted therapies is high. This study aimed to establish biomarkers for GBM pathogenesis and prognosis. Methods In total, 220 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by integrating four microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE4290, GSE12657, GSE15824, and GSE68848). Then a 140-node protein–protein interaction network with 343 interactions was constructed. Results The immune response and cell adhesion molecules were the most significantly enriched functions and pathways, respectively, among DEGs. The designated hub genes ITGB5 and RGS4, which have a high degree of connectivity, were closely correlated with patient prognosis, and GEPIA database mining further confirmed their differential expression in GBM versus normal tissue. We also determined the 20 most appropriate small molecules that could potentially reverse GBM gene expression, Prestwick-1080 was the most promising and had the highest negative scores. Conclusions This study identified ITGB5 and RGS4 as potential biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and prognosis. Insights into molecular mechanisms governing GBM occurrence and progression will help identify alternative biomarkers for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Qi
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Zhao C, Zeng C, Ye S, Dai X, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ): a nexus between hypoxia and cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:947-960. [PMID: 32642404 PMCID: PMC7332664 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. As transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of the hypoxic microenvironment; their target genes function in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Intriguingly, both yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play fundamental roles in the malignant progression of hypoxic tumors. As downstream effectors of the mammalian Hippo pathway, YAP and/or TAZ (YAP/TAZ) are phosphorylated and sequestered in the cytoplasm by the large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex, which restricts the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ. However, dephosphorylated YAP/TAZ have the ability to translocate to the nucleus where they induce transcription of target genes, most of which are closely related to cancer. Herein we review the tumor-related signaling crosstalk between YAP/TAZ and hypoxia, describe current agents and therapeutic strategies targeting the hypoxia–YAP/TAZ axis, and highlight questions that might have a potential impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenming Zeng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 571 882028401; fax: +86 571 88208400.
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23
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Kuramoto K, Yamamoto M, Suzuki S, Sanomachi T, Togashi K, Seino S, Kitanaka C, Okada M. Verteporfin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and induces cell death specifically in glioma stem cells. FEBS J 2020; 287:2023-2036. [PMID: 31868973 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Since glioma stem cells (GSCs) are associated with therapeutic resistance as well as the initiation and recurrence in GBM, therapies targeting GSCs are considered to be effective for long-term survival in GBM. Several reports suggested that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of cancer stem cells is important for their survival; however, the requirement of OXPHOS in GSCs remains unclear. Few effective and safe agents that target GSC mitochondria are available in clinical settings. In this study, we demonstrated that GSCs had high OXPHOS activity compared with isogenic differentiated GSCs and that GSC survival depended on their OXPHOS activity. Remarkably, we showed that complexes III and IV had broad therapeutic windows and that the expression levels of mitochondrial DNA-coded components of complexes III and IV were elevated in GSCs compared with differentiated GSCs. Moreover, our search of the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for those targeting GSC mitochondria revealed that verteporfin (Visudyne® ), a drug approved for macular degeneration, was a novel GSC-specific cytotoxic compound that reduced OXPHOS activity. Importantly, the cytotoxic effect of verteporfin was specific to GSCs without any toxicity to normal cells, and the IC50 of approximately 200 nm was ten times less than its maximum blood concentration in humans. Overall, these findings indicated that high mitochondrial OXPHOS of GSCs is a potential GSC-specific vulnerability and that clinically available drugs, such as verteporfin, might become novel GSC-specific cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kuramoto
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sanomachi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keita Togashi
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shizuka Seino
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Stage differential effects of verteporfin on the differentiation of chick embryo wing bud mesenchymal cells. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Huang MH, Liu PY, Wu SN. Characterization of Perturbing Actions by Verteporfin, a Benzoporphyrin Photosensitizer, on Membrane Ionic Currents. Front Chem 2019; 7:566. [PMID: 31508407 PMCID: PMC6714490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP), a benzoporphyrin derivative, has been clinically tailored as a photosensitizer and recently known to suppress YAP-TEAD complex accompanied by suppression of the growth in an array of neoplastic cells. However, the detailed information is little available regarding possible modifications of it and its related compounds on transmembrane ionic currents, despite its growing use in clinical settings. In this study, from whole cell recordings, VP (0.3-100 μM) increased the amplitude of Ca2+-activated K+ currents (I K(Ca)) in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 2.4 μM. VP-stimulated I K(Ca) in these cells was suppressed by further addition of either paxilline, iberiotoxin, or dithiothreitol, but not by that of tobultamide or TRAM-39. VP at a concentration of 10 μM mildly suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K+ current; however, it had minimal effects on M-type K+ current. In cell-attached current recordings, addition of VP to the recording medium enhanced the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels. In the presence of VP, additional illumination with light intensity of 5.5 mW/cm2 raised the probability of BKCa-channel openings further. Addition of VP decreased the peak amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current together with slowed inactivation time course of the current; however, it failed to modify voltage-gated Na+ current. Illumination of GH3 cells in continued presence of VP also induced a non-selective cation current. Additionally, VP increased the activity of BKCa channels in human 13-06-MG glioma cells with an EC50 value of 1.9 μM. Therefore, the effects of VP on ionic currents described herein tend to be upstream of its inhibition of YAP-TEAD complex and they are conceivably likely to contribute to the underlying mechanisms through which it and its structurally similar compounds effect the modifications in functional activities of pituitary or glial neoplastic cells, if the in vivo findings occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Han Huang
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
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