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Bhattacharya D, Barille R, Toukam DK, Gawali VS, Kallay L, Ahmed T, Brown H, Rezvanian S, Karve A, Desai PB, Medvedovic M, Wang K, Ionascu D, Harun N, Wang C, Baschnagel AM, Kritzer JA, Cook JM, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. GABA(A) receptor activation drives GABARAP-Nix mediated autophagy to radiation-sensitize primary and brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma tumors. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.29.569295. [PMID: 38076805 PMCID: PMC10705483 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, targeted therapies benefit only a subset of NSCLC, while radiotherapy responses are not durable and toxicity limits therapy. We find that a GABA(A) receptor activator, AM-101, impairs viability and clonogenicity of NSCLC primary and brain metastatic cells. Employing an ex vivo 'chip', AM-101 is as efficacious as the chemotherapeutic docetaxel, which is used with radiotherapy for advanced-stage NSCLC. In vivo , AM-101 potentiates radiation, including conferring a survival benefit to mice bearing NSCLC intracranial tumors. GABA(A) receptor activation stimulates a selective-autophagic response via multimerization of GABA(A) Receptor-Associated Protein (GABARAP), stabilization of mitochondrial receptor Nix, and utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. A targeted-peptide disrupting Nix binding to GABARAP inhibits AM-101 cytotoxicity. This supports a model of GABA(A) receptor activation driving a GABARAP-Nix multimerization axis triggering autophagy. In patients receiving radiotherapy, GABA(A) receptor activation may improve tumor control while allowing radiation dose de-intensification to reduce toxicity. Highlights Activating GABA(A) receptors intrinsic to lung primary and metastatic brain cancer cells triggers a cytotoxic response. GABA(A) receptor activation works as well as chemotherapeutic docetaxel in impairing lung cancer viability ex vivo . GABA(A) receptor activation increases survival of mice bearing lung metastatic brain tumors.A selective-autophagic response is stimulated by GABA(A) receptor activation that includes multimerization of GABARAP and Nix.Employing a new nanomolar affinity peptide that abrogates autophagosome formation inhibits cytotoxicity elicited by GABA(A) receptor activation.
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Secker S, Holmes H, Warren D, Avula S, Bhattacharya D, Choi S, Likeman M, Liu A, Mitra D, Oates A, Pearce K, Wheeler M, Mankad K, Batty R. Review of standard paediatric neuroradiology MRI protocols from 12 UK tertiary paediatric hospitals: is there much variation between centres? Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e941-e949. [PMID: 37788968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are protocolled in tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres around the UK for some of the more common presentations encountered in paediatric neuroradiology, and to identify any variations of note. MATERIALS AND METHODS All 19 UK tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres registered with the British Society of Neuroradiologists-Paediatric Group were contacted and asked if they could provide a copy of their standard MRI protocols. Twelve responded (63%) and 10 of the more common presentations were selected and the standard acquired sequences obtained at each participating centre were compared. Where available the collated protocols were also compared against current published guidance. RESULTS The basic sequences carried out by centres around the UK are similar; however, there are lots of variations overall. The only standardised protocol currently being implemented nationally in paediatric imaging is that for brain tumours. Otherwise, chosen protocols are generally dependent on the preferences and technical capabilities of individual centres. Suggested published protocols also exist for non-accidental injury (NAI), multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and head and neck imaging. CONCLUSIONS The differences in MRI protocolling depend in part on technical capabilities and in part on the experience and preferences of the paediatric neuroradiologists at each centre. For most presentations, there is no consensus as to what constitutes the perfect protocol. The present results will be useful for specialist centres who may wish to review their current protocols, and for more generalist centres to use as a reference to guide their MRI protocolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Secker
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK.
| | - H Holmes
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Warren
- Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Avula
- Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Neuroradiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - S Choi
- Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Likeman
- Neuroradiology, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Liu
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Mitra
- Neuroradiology, Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Oates
- Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Pearce
- Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - M Wheeler
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Mankad
- Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Batty
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
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3
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Alves CAPF, Sidpra J, Manteghinejad A, Sudhakar S, Massey FV, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Lucato LT, Ferraciolli SF, Teixeira SR, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Taranath A, Prabhu SP, Mirsky DM, Andronikou S, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Barkovich MJ, Whitehead MT, Mankad K. Dandy-Walker Phenotype with Brainstem Involvement: 2 Distinct Subgroups with Different Prognosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1201-1207. [PMID: 37591769 PMCID: PMC10549954 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although cardinal imaging features for the diagnostic criteria of the Dandy-Walker phenotype have been recently defined, there is a large range of unreported malformations among these patients. The brainstem, in particular, deserves careful attention because malformations in this region have potentially important implications for clinical outcomes. In this article, we offer detailed information on the association of brainstem dysgenesis in a large, multicentric cohort of patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, defining different subtypes of involvement and their potential clinical impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this established multicenter cohort of 329 patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype, we include and retrospectively review the MR imaging studies and clinical records of 73 subjects with additional brainstem malformations. Detailed evaluation of the different patterns of brainstem involvement and their potential clinical implications, along with comparisons between posterior fossa measurements for the diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker phenotype, was performed among the different subgroups of patients with brainstem involvement. RESULTS There were 2 major forms of brainstem involvement in patients with Dandy-Walker phenotype including the following: 1) the mild form with anteroposterior disproportions of the brainstem structures "only" (57/73; 78%), most frequently with pontine hypoplasia (44/57; 77%), and 2) the severe form with patients with tegmental dysplasia with folding, bumps, and/or clefts (16/73; 22%). Patients with severe forms of brainstem malformation had significantly increased rates of massive ventriculomegaly, additional malformations involving the corpus callosum and gray matter, and interhemispheric cysts. Clinically, patients with the severe form had significantly increased rates of bulbar dysfunction, seizures, and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Additional brainstem malformations in patients with the Dandy-Walker phenotype can be divided into 2 major subgroups: mild and severe. The severe form, though less prevalent, has characteristic imaging features, including tegmental folding, bumps, and clefts, and is directly associated with a more severe clinical presentation and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A P F Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Sidpra
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Manteghinejad
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - S Sudhakar
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - F V Massey
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery (F.V.M.), National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - L T Lucato
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Ferraciolli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (L.T.L., S.F.F.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Teixeira
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Andronikou
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), University of Minnesota, Minneaplis, Minnesota
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.J.B., M.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M T Whitehead
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.M., S.R.T., S.A., M.T.W.), Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadephia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Mankad
- Unit of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Shiu FH, Wong JC, Bhattacharya D, Kuranaga Y, Parag RR, Alsharif HA, Bhatnagar S, Van Meir EG, Escayg A. Generation and initial characterization of mice lacking full-length BAI3 (ADGRB3) expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:353-363. [PMID: 37337931 PMCID: PMC10730119 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (ADGRB3/BAI3) belongs to the family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. It is most highly expressed in the brain where it plays a role in synaptogenesis and synapse maintenance. Genome-wide association studies have implicated ADGRB3 in disorders such as schizophrenia and epilepsy. Somatic mutations in ADGRB3 have also been identified in cancer. To better understand the in vivo physiological role of ADGRB3, we used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to generate a mouse line with a 7-base pair deletion in Adgrb3 exon 10. Western blot analysis confirmed that homozygous mutants (Adgrb3∆7/∆7 ) lack full-length ADGRB3 expression. The mutant mice were viable and reproduced in Mendelian ratios but demonstrated reduced brain and body weights and deficits in social interaction. Measurements of locomotor function, olfaction, anxiety levels and prepulse inhibition were comparable between heterozygous and homozygous mutants and wild-type littermates. Since ADGRB3 is also expressed in organs such as lung and pancreas, this new mouse model will facilitate elucidation of ADGRB3's role in non-central nervous system-related functions. Finally, since somatic mutations in ADGRB3 were identified in patients with several cancer types, these mice can be used to determine whether loss of ADGRB3 function contributes to tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hung Shiu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuki Kuranaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rashed R. Parag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Haifa A. Alsharif
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Makone A, Angami K, Bhattacharya D, Frick M, Castillo JG, Herrera R, McKenna L, Moses GK, Rucsineanu O, Sari AH, Stillo J, Agbassi P. One size does not fit all: community views on choices for TB treatment and prevention. Public Health Action 2023; 13:67-69. [PMID: 37736579 PMCID: PMC10446664 DOI: 10.5588/pha.23.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention paradigms in TB have been dominated by a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, in which all persons are given the same treatment regimens. This stands in contrast to other health conditions, where differentiated models of care have been shown to be effective. In this Viewpoint, we make the case for considering multiple factors when deciding which regimens should be offered to people with TB infection and disease. Choice about which regimens to use should be made in conjunction with people who have TB and consider efficacy, safety, duration, pill burden, formulation, drug interactions, time spent in monitoring, drug susceptibility, compatibility with other areas of life, and availability of support services. Ideally, these choices should be considered within an equity framework with the most intensified services being offered to those considered most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makone
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Angami
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Access to Rights and Knowledge Foundation, Kohima
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Survivors Against TB, New Delhi, India
| | - M Frick
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY
| | - J G Castillo
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Herrera
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - L McKenna
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Survivors Against TB, New Delhi, India
| | - G K Moses
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Rucsineanu
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Moldova National Association of Tuberculosis Patients "SMIT" (Society of Moldova against Tuberculosis), Chis¸ina˘u, Moldova
| | - A H Sari
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Stillo
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - P Agbassi
- Global TB Community Advisory Board, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Kar A, Jain D, Kumar S, Rajput K, Pal S, Rana K, Kar R, Jha SK, Medatwal N, Yavvari PS, Pandey N, Mehta D, Sharma H, Bhattacharya D, Pradhan MK, Sharma RD, Srivastava A, Agrawal U, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S, Patil VS, Bajaj A, Dasgupta U. A localized hydrogel-mediated chemotherapy causes immunogenic cell death via activation of ceramide-mediated unfolded protein response. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf2746. [PMID: 37390205 PMCID: PMC10313169 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging because of its "COLD" tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Here, we present a hydrogel-mediated localized delivery of a combination of docetaxel (DTX) and carboplatin (CPT) (called DTX-CPT-Gel therapy) that ensured enhanced anticancer effect and tumor regression on multiple murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. DTX-CPT-Gel therapy modulated the TIME by an increase of antitumorigenic M1 macrophages, attenuation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and increase of granzyme B+CD8+ T cells. DTX-CPT-Gel therapy elevated ceramide levels in tumor tissues that activated the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). This UPR-mediated activation of apoptotic cell death led to release of damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby activating the immunogenic cell death that could even clear the metastatic tumors. This study provides a promising hydrogel-mediated platform for DTX-CPT therapy that induces tumor regression and effective immune modulation and, therefore, can be explored further for treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Kar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Dolly Jain
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kajal Rajput
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Pal
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kajal Rana
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Raunak Kar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Somesh K. Jha
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Nihal Medatwal
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhu Srinivas Yavvari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Devashish Mehta
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manas K. Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Datta Sharma
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Veena S. Patil
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3 Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ujjaini Dasgupta
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122413, Haryana, India
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7
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Kallay L, Gawali VS, Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Jenkins A, Sengupta S, Pomeranz Krummel DA. Screening Ion Channels in Cancer Cells. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37395566 DOI: 10.3791/65427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are critical for cell development and maintaining cell homeostasis. The perturbation of ion channel function contributes to the development of a broad range of disorders or channelopathies. Cancer cells utilize ion channels to drive their own development, as well as to improve as a tumor and to assimilate in a microenvironment that includes various non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, increases in levels of growth factors and hormones within the tumor microenvironment can result in enhanced ion channel expression, which contributes to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, the pharmacological targeting of ion channels is potentially a promising approach to treating solid malignancies, including primary and metastatic brain cancers. Herein, protocols to characterize the function of ion channels in cancerous cells and approaches to analyze modulators of ion channels to determine their impact on cancer viability are described. These include staining a cell(s) for an ion channel(s), testing the polarized state of mitochondria, establishing ion channel function using electrophysiology, and performing viability assays to assess drug potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Vaibhavkumar S Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph
| | - Soma Sengupta
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
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8
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Perumal P, De AK, Bhattacharya D, Chakurkar EB. Lactation stages modulate the hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrinological profiles and oxidative stress markers in crossbred cows under tropical humid island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:131. [PMID: 36964324 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the interrelationship between hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrinological profiles and oxidative stress markers and lactational stages in crossbred (CB) dairy cows of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI). Healthy (n = 6) CB cows (50-62.50% exotic inheritance; Holstein Friesian × Andaman local) of 4th parity with age of 7-9 years and body weight of 350-400 kg were selected from Cattle Breeding Farm, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Port Blair, ANI. These experimental cows were synchronized with Ovsynch protocol, and parturition was planned to happen in the month of May-June. Lactation was allowed for 305 days. Hematological profiles, serum biochemical profiles, oxidative stress markers and endocrinological profiles were measured at a 15-day interval from day 07 to 305 of lactation (after 6 days of colostrum). The lactation period was divided into first (day 07 to 90), second (day 91 to 180), and third (day 181 to 305) stage of lactation. Average daily milk yield (L) did not vary among the stages of lactations; however, first (8.56 ± 1.26) and second (9.79 ± 0.87) stages had higher milk yield compared to third (7.93 ± 0.79) stage of lactation. Hematological profiles did not vary among the stages of lactation; however, these values were within the range of bovine species at lactation. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased (P < 0.05) and albumin and creatinine decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as lactation stages advanced. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and concentration of calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium were nearly similar among the stages of lactation. Similarly, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) increased and prolactin and cortisol decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as stages of lactation advanced. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (P < 0.05) as lactation stages advanced. The results of the present study indicated that the lactating CB cows suffered nutritional stress (deficiency of protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and minerals), physiological stress (higher cortisol), oxidative stress (higher MDA and deficiency of total antioxidant capacity), and hormonal imbalance (higher prolactin and cortisol and deficiency of thyroid hormones) during the early stages of lactation. Thus, the first and second stages are more stressful events compared to the third stage of lactation in the CB cows in ANI. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood components and accordingly suitable feeding strategies with balanced nutrients and minerals, supplementation of suitable antioxidants, and appropriate management practices need to be implemented to mitigate these stresses and to prevent metabolic disorders with maximum milk production during different stages of lactation in CB cows under humid tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perumal
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India.
| | - A K De
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
| | - E B Chakurkar
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair-744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair, India
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9
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Perumal P, Sunder J, De AK, Alyethodi RR, Vikram R, Upadhyay VR, Mayuri SC, Bhattacharya D. Flaxseed oil modulates testicular biometrics, hormone, libido, antioxidant and semen profiles in endangered Teressa goat of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100730. [PMID: 36640628 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Teressa goat is a unique goat breed in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) of India. Effects of Flaxseed oil (FSO) supplementation in body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular volume (TV) and testicular weight (TW), endocrinological profiles, sex behavioural profiles (SBPs), oxidative stress markers and semen production and its quality profiles in rainy and dry summer season were studied in Teressa goat. Male goats (n = 12) of 3-4 years old were equally divided into control and treated groups. Treated animals received 25 mL FSO per day. Oral drenching of FSO was done in the morning before feeding the concentrate ration. Body weight, scrotal circumference, TV and TW were measured in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Blood follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), cortisol and prolactin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Libido score (LS), mating ability score (MAS) and sex behavioural score (SBS) were estimated at time of semen collection in bucks of FSO treated and untreated during rainy and dry summer seasons. Semen samples (n = 100; 50 semen samples from each season; each 25 semen samples from control and treatment groups per season) were collected and analysed for semen quality profiles. One-way ANOVA (control rainy, control dry, treated rainy and treated dry) revealed that BW, SC, TV and TW, FSH, LH, testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 were higher (P < 0.05) and cortisol and prolactin were lower (P < 0.05) in FSO treated bucks of rainy season followed by untreated bucks of rainy season, FSO treated bucks of dry summer season and were lower (P < 0.05) in untreated bucks of dry summer season. Similarly, TAC, CAT, SOD and GSH, LS, MAS and SBS, and volume, pH, sperm concentration, mass activity, total motility (TM), viability, acrosomal integrity (AcI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and nuclear integrity (NI) were higher (P < 0.05) and MDA and TSA were lower (P < 0.05) in FSO treated bucks of rainy season followed by FSO treated bucks of dry summer season, untreated bucks of rainy season and were lower (P < 0.05) in untreated bucks of dry summer season. The results of the present study indicated that the breeding bucks suffered physiological stress (higher cortisol), oxidative stress (higher MDA and deficiency of antioxidants), hormonal imbalance (higher prolactin and cortisol and deficiency of gonadotropins, gonadal hormone and thyroid hormones) and infertility due to poor libido and poor semen production and its quality profiles during dry summer season. Thus, dry summer was more stressful season compared to rainy season for the goat bucks. FSO supplementation mitigated these stresses and improved the scrotal and testicular biometrics, libido, antioxidants, hormones and semen quality profiles in Teressa goat bucks. The current study concluded that FSO effectively improved the hormones, libido, antioxidant profiles, and scrotal and testicular biometrics with cascading beneficial effects on semen quality profiles in Teressa goat bucks under humid tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perumal
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - Jai Sunder
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - A K De
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - R R Alyethodi
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - R Vikram
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - V R Upadhyay
- Division of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 13200, Haryana, India
| | - S C Mayuri
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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Karve A, Ahmed T, Desai J, Bhattacharya D, Toukam DK, Gadgil S, Pemberton M, Plas D, Gudelsky G, Sallans L, Cook J, Desai P, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. EXTH-99. SYSTEMIC AND BRAIN PHARMACOKINETICS OF A GABAA RECEPTOR AGONIST, AMLAL-101, AS AN INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPEUTIC FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY AND METASTATIC BRAIN CANCERS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661096 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
AMLAL-101 is a novel agent which preferentially targets α3, α5 subtypes of ɣ-amino butyric acid receptors and shows anti-tumor activity against disparate cancer types. AMLAL-101 is being advanced as an ‘add-on’ to potentiate treatment of primary and metastatic brain cancers. However, AMLAL-101 must penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and show sufficient brain retention. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and quantitative estimate of the BBB permeability of AMLAL-101.
METHODS
We performed intracranial microdialysis, employing jugular vein cannulated Sprague-Dawley rats which facilitated simultaneous serial blood and brain extracellular fluid (ECF) sampling. AMLAL-101 was injected i.p. at 5 mg/kg and serial blood and brain ECF samples collected up to 10 h post-dosing. Plasma and ECF samples were analyzed by LC/MS-MS and plasma and ECF concentration vs time PK profiles determined. In vivo recovery analysis was performed using retrodialysis and rapid equilibrium dialysis employed to determine the extent of protein binding.
RESULTS
AMLAL-101 plasma protein binding was 85% and in vivo recovery from ECF was 25%. AMLAL-101 peak concentration (Cmax) in plasma and brain ECF were 15 µM and 13.8 µM, respectively. The plasma and brain ECF area under the concentration (AUC0-10) were 27.5 h.µg/mL and 24.10 h.µg/mL, respectively. The brain partitioning of unbound AMLAL-101 (Kp,uu; determined either as a ratio of brain ECF Cmax:unbound plasma Cmax or brain ECF AUC: unbound plasma AUC), were 6.13 and 4.13, respectively. The elimination half-life of AMLAL-101 was 3 h for both brain ECF and plasma.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that AMLAL-101 has the requisite BBB permeability required for brain cancer therapeutics. AMLAL-101 shows significant brain retention when compared to a chemically similar agent that does not show anti-cancer activity, which may contribute to efficacy of AMLAL-101 as an anti-tumor agent for treatment of brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | | | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | | | | | - David Plas
- University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , USA
| | | | | | - James Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , USA
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Amlal Pharmaceuticals Inc , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Gawali V, Kallay L, Karve A, Desai P, Cook J, Ahmed T, Ionascu TD, Tridandapani S, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. RBIO-01. ACTIVATING AN ION CHANNEL PROMOTES RADIATION-SENSITIZING IMMUNE-DRIVEN ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Standard-of-care for melanoma brain metastases is moving to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with immunotherapy. Although this combined approach shows improved patient survival, the responses are not durable. SRS can also cause adverse reactions such as radiation necrosis, which can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. Lowering SRS dose without negatively impacting its effectiveness would therefore be highly beneficial clinically. Our published data suggests that when treating syngeneic mouse model B16F10 melanoma tumors, the radiation dose can be reduced and its effectiveness can be improved, by activating intrinsic melanoma GABAA receptor (GABAAR) activity using a novel agent, AMLAL-101. This agent acts to enhance GABAAR mediated chloride transport in melanoma cells, which in turn triggers mitochondrial dysregulation associated with tumor regression in mice. While AMLAL-101 alone reduces tumor growth, combining it with radiation results in near complete regression of the irradiated tumor, as well as shrinking of tumor not in the radiation field due to an immune response, i.e., a potent abscopal effect. AMLAL-101 may also function to regulate immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Analysis of AMLAL-101 treated tumors show increased infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of: (1) polyfunctional (TNFα/IFN-γ) CD8+ T cells; and (2) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of the tumor inhibitory M1-phenotype, possibly due to IFN-γ stimulation. We posit that activating GABAAR with AMLAL-101 promotes both a ‘direct’ anti-tumor response and an ‘indirect’, immune-driven anti-tumor activity in metastatic melanoma tumors. AMLAL-101 may address an urgent unmet need for a non-toxic therapeutic that can potentiate radiation and mitigate its toxicity profile to positively impact clinical outcomes of patients with brain metastatic disease treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | | | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - James Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , USA
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Amlal Pharmaceuticals Inc , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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Bhattacharya D, Barille R, Toukam DK, Gawali V, Kallay L, Ahmed T, Cook J, Karve A, Desai P, Medvedovic M, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. RBIO-02. ACTIVATION OF GABAA RECEPTORS WITH A NON-TOXIC, BRAIN PENETRANT SMALL MOLECULE SENSITIZES LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PRIMARY AND BRAIN METASTATIC TUMOR CELLS TO RADIATION VIA AUTOPHAGY INDUCTION. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661141 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Most advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have brain metastases that render a dismal prognosis. Treatment of metastatic brain lesions from NSCLC and other tumor types include radiation as part of a multimodal treatment regimen. Challenges in the application of radiotherapy include overcoming radiation resistance and reducing associated co-morbidities. Non-toxic therapeutics capable of sensitizing tumors to radiation are needed to improve survival and mitigate radiation side-effects. Many CNS and solid systemic tumors express ligand-gated ion channels, which may contribute to tumor growth. Leveraging ion channels is therefore a potential way of diminishing the spread of cancer. We find that NSCLC and its brain metastases express subunits of the type-A GABA-gated chloride channel or GABAA receptor. Importantly, patient-derived NSCLC cells have functional GABAA receptors. We identified a brain penetrant, small molecule activator of GABAA receptors (AMLAL-101), which alone impairs the viability of both primary NSCLC cells and brain metastatic cells. In addition, AMLAL-101 combined with radiation is a highly potent inducer of NSCLC cell death and clonogenic arrest. Using a human ex vivo model of NSCLC-on-chip, we assessed the efficacy and toxicity of AMLAL-101 relative to Docetaxel, an antimicrotubular agent used in treating advanced NSCLC. AMLAL-101 is as potent as Docetaxel but does not exhibit its toxic side effects. AMLAL-101 also potentiates radiation in vivo, significantly reducing lung adenocarcinoma xenograft tumor growth in mice, equivalent to docetaxel plus radiation. Mechanistically, AMLAL-101 activates GABAA receptors in NSCLC and synergizes with radiation by inducing an autophagic response that includes: (i) stabilization of Beclin-1, BNIP3L/NIX, and GABARAP; (ii) ATG7 upregulation; and (iii) utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. Activating GABAA receptors in NSCLC and other tumor types may improve radiation efficacy and mitigate its toxic side effects in treating brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Riccardo Barille
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , USA
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Vaibhavkumar Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - James Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , USA
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Amlal Pharmaceuticals Inc , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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13
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Carter J, Li Z, Chen H, Greiner M, Bush C, Bhattacharya D, Poley S, Sachdeva N, Crowder JC, Feigal J. Low barrier medication for opioid use disorder at a federally qualified health center: a retrospective cohort study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:60. [PMID: 36335381 PMCID: PMC9636799 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduces mortality, but few patients access MOUD. At a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), we implemented a low barrier model of MOUD, including same-day MOUD initiation and a harm reduction philosophy. Objective To investigate whether low barrier MOUD improved retention in care compared to traditional treatment. Design and participants Retrospective cohort study of patients with at least one visit seeking MOUD at the FQHC during a historical control period (3/1/2018—3/31/2019) and a low barrier intervention period (11/1/2019—7/31/2020). Main measures Primary outcomes were any MOUD prescription within 6 months of the index visit and 3- and 6-month retention in treatment without care gap, with care gap defined as 60 consecutive days without a visit or prescription. Secondary outcomes were all-cause hospitalization and emergency department visit within 6 months of the index visit. Key results Baseline characteristics were similar between the intervention (n = 113) and control (n = 90) groups, except the intervention group had higher rates of uninsured, public insurance and diabetes. Any MOUD prescription within 6 months of index visit was higher in the intervention group (97.3% vs 70%), with higher adjusted odds of MOUD prescription (OR = 4.01, 95% CI 2.08–7.71). Retention in care was similar between groups at 3 months (61.9% vs 60%, aOR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.78–1.44). At 6 months, a higher proportion of the intervention group was retained in care, but the difference was not statistically significant (53.1% vs 45.6%, aOR 1.27, 95% CI 0.93–1.73). There was no significant difference in adjusted odds of 6-month hospitalization or ED visit between groups. Conclusions Low barrier MOUD engaged a higher risk population and did not result in any statistically significant difference in retention in care compared with a historical control. Future research should determine what interventions improve retention of patients engaged through low barrier care. Primary care clinics can implement low barrier treatment to make MOUD accessible to a broader population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13722-022-00342-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Carter
- Lincoln Community Health Center, 1301 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC 27707, North Carolina, US. .,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Hillary Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Melissa Greiner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Christopher Bush
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Stephanie Poley
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Nidhi Sachdeva
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
| | - Jane Carolyn Crowder
- Lincoln Community Health Center, 1301 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC 27707, North Carolina, US
| | - Jacob Feigal
- Lincoln Community Health Center, 1301 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC 27707, North Carolina, US.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, US
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14
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Whitehead MT, Barkovich MJ, Sidpra J, Alves CA, Mirsky DM, Öztekin Ö, Bhattacharya D, Lucato LT, Sudhakar S, Taranath A, Andronikou S, Prabhu SP, Aldinger KA, Haldipur P, Millen KJ, Barkovich AJ, Boltshauser E, Dobyns WB, Mankad K. Refining the Neuroimaging Definition of the Dandy-Walker Phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1488-1493. [PMID: 36137655 PMCID: PMC9575531 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The traditionally described Dandy-Walker malformation comprises a range of cerebellar and posterior fossa abnormalities with variable clinical severity. We aimed to establish updated imaging criteria for Dandy-Walker malformation on the basis of cerebellar development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter study, retrospective MR imaging examinations from fetuses and children previously diagnosed with Dandy-Walker malformation or vermian hypoplasia were re-evaluated, using the choroid plexus/tela choroidea location and the fastigial recess shape to differentiate Dandy-Walker malformation from vermian hypoplasia. Multiple additional measures of the posterior fossa and cerebellum were also obtained and compared between Dandy-Walker malformation and other diagnoses. RESULTS Four hundred forty-six examinations were analyzed (174 fetal and 272 postnatal). The most common diagnoses were Dandy-Walker malformation (78%), vermian hypoplasia (14%), vermian hypoplasia with Blake pouch cyst (9%), and Blake pouch cyst (4%). Most measures were significant differentiators of Dandy-Walker malformation from non-Dandy-Walker malformation both pre- and postnatally (P < .01); the tegmentovermian and fastigial recess angles were the most significant quantitative measures. Posterior fossa perimeter and vascular injury evidence were not significant differentiators pre- or postnatally (P > .3). The superior posterior fossa angle, torcular location, and vermian height differentiated groups postnatally (P < .01), but not prenatally (P > .07). CONCLUSIONS As confirmed by objective measures, the modern Dandy-Walker malformation phenotype is best defined by inferior predominant vermian hypoplasia, an enlarged tegmentovermian angle, inferolateral displacement of the tela choroidea/choroid plexus, an obtuse fastigial recess, and an unpaired caudal lobule. Posterior fossa size and torcular location should be eliminated from the diagnostic criteria. This refined phenotype may help guide future study of the numerous etiologies and varied clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Whitehead
- From the Department of Radiology (M.T.W.)
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute (M.T.W.), Children's National Hospital, Washington DC
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.T.W.), Washington DC
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - J Sidpra
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C A Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology (D.M.M.), Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ö Öztekin
- Department of Neuroradiology (Ö.Ö.), Bakırçay University, Çiğli Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroradiology (D.B.), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - L T Lucato
- Division of Diagnostic Neuroradiology (L.T.L.), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Sudhakar
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging (A.T.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine (A.T.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Andronikou
- Division of Neuroradiology (M.T.W., C.A.A., S.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine (M.T.W., S.A), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S P Prabhu
- Department of Neuroradiology (S.P.P.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - P Haldipur
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - K J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research (K.A.A., P.H., K.J.M.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington School of Medicine (K.J.M.), Seattle, Washington
| | - A J Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (M.J.B., A.J.B.) University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Neuroradiology Section (M.J.B., A.J.B.), University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - E Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.B.), University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism (W.B.D.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - K Mankad
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Section (J.S., K.M.), University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology (J.S., S.S., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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15
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Lechpammer M, Rao R, Shah S, Mirheydari M, Bhattacharya D, Koehler A, Toukam DK, Haworth KJ, Pomeranz Krummel D, Sengupta S. Advances in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Glioblastoma: Overcoming Chemical and Physical Barriers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071627. [PMID: 35406398 PMCID: PMC8997081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poor prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) despite the existence of a standard-of-care treatment of resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy has necessitated the exploration of other therapeutic avenues. One particularly promising avenue is an immunotherapeutic approach in which the body′s immune system is artificially stimulated to directly identify and attack the tumor cells. A variety of methods including immune checkpoint inhibition, T-cell transfer, vaccination, and a viral approach are being developed for GBM. Barriers such as tumor heterogeneity, the physical blood–brain barrier, the immunosuppressive nature of GBM, and the limited number of identifiable GBM-specific targets have reduced the efficacy of the aforementioned approaches. In the following review, we document the advances in immunotherapy, the barriers to implementation, and the development of a new technology (microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound) to overcome the physical barriers to immunotherapy. Abstract Glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO Grade IV), is a highly aggressive adult glioma. Despite extensive efforts to improve treatment, the current standard-of-care (SOC) regimen, which consists of maximal resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ), achieves only a 12–15 month survival. The clinical improvements achieved through immunotherapy in several extracranial solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, inspired investigations to pursue various immunotherapeutic interventions in adult glioblastoma patients. Despite some encouraging reports from preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, none of the tested agents have been convincing in Phase III clinical trials. One, but not the only, factor that is accountable for the slow progress is the blood–brain barrier, which prevents most antitumor drugs from reaching the target in appreciable amounts. Herein, we review the current state of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and discuss the significant challenges that prevent advancement. We also provide thoughts on steps that may be taken to remediate these challenges, including the application of ultrasound technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Lechpammer
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Sanjit Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Mona Mirheydari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.K.); (S.S.)
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16
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Rao R, Shah S, Bhattacharya D, Toukam DK, Cáceres R, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels as Targets for Treatment and Management of Cancers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839437. [PMID: 35350689 PMCID: PMC8957973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels are an ionotropic receptor subtype characterized by the binding of an extracellular ligand, followed by the transient passage of ions through a transmembrane pore. Ligand-gated ion channels are commonly subcategorized into three superfamilies: purinoreceptors, glutamate receptors, and Cys-loop receptors. This classification is based on the differing topographical morphology of the receptors, which in turn confers functional differences. Ligand-gated ion channels have a diverse spatial and temporal expression which implicate them in key cellular processes. Given that the transcellular electrochemical gradient is finely tuned in eukaryotic cells, any disruption in this homeostasis can contribute to aberrancies, including altering the activity of pro-tumorigenic molecular pathways, such as the MAPK/ERK, RAS, and mTOR pathways. Ligand-gated ion channels therefore serve as a potential targetable system for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we analyze the role that each of the three ligand-gated ion channel superfamilies has concerning tumor proliferation and as a target for the treatment of cancer symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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17
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Bhattacharya D, Gawali VS, Kallay L, Toukam DK, Koehler A, Stambrook P, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. Therapeutically leveraging GABA A receptors in cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2128-2135. [PMID: 34649481 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211032549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA is an amino acid that functionally acts as a neurotransmitter and is critical to neurotransmission. GABA is also a metabolite in the Krebs cycle. It is therefore unsurprising that GABA and its receptors are also present outside of the central nervous system, including in immune cells. This observation suggests that GABAergic signaling impacts events beyond brain function and possibly human health beyond neurological disorders. Indeed, GABA receptor subunits are expressed in pathological disease states, including in disparate cancers. The role that GABA and its receptors may play in cancer development and progression remains unclear. If, however, those cancers have functional GABA receptors that participate in GABAergic signaling, it raises an important question whether these signaling pathways might be targetable for therapeutic benefit. Herein we summarize the effects of modulating Type-A GABA receptor signaling in various cancers and highlight how Type-A GABA receptors could emerge as a novel therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Vaibhavkumar S Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Donatien K Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Peter Stambrook
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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18
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Acharya S, Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri S, Singh MK, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharjee M, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri S. Akt Phosphorylation Orchestrates T11TS Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in Glioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:854-870. [PMID: 34569407 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1986060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel anti-neoplastic glycopeptide T11TS retards glioma both in in-vitro clinical samples and in-vivo models. This study investigates the correlation between altering the glioma microenvironment with glioma arrest and death. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, ELISA, and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to investigate glioma cell arrest and death. Results include a decline in phosphorylation of Akt and attenuation of p21 phosphorylation (Thr145,Ser146) and disassociation of p-Akt-Mdm2 and p-Akt-BAD facilitating death by Akt>BAD. T11TS influence phosphorylation patterns in two focal axes Akt>p21 and Akt>Mdm2>p53. The current article provides crucial insight in deciphering the mechanism of T11TS induced glioma cell arrest and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, Midnapore, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapna Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India.,Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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19
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Deb D, Bhattacharya D. Unusually High Frequency of Cross-Pollination Between Rice Landraces Shiuli and Kharah with Coincident Flower-Opening Times. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v121/i1/121-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Krummel DP, Kallay L, Bhattacharya D, Gawali V, Donatien KT, Ahmed T, Cook JM, Lamba M, Wells S, Vatner RE, Sertorio M, Ionascu DT, Sengupta S. Abstract PO-009: Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.radsci21-po-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant (WHO Grade IV) primary brain cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults. Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of MB treatment, as it is for most childhood and adult cancers. RT dose and frequency needed to achieve efficacy in MB patients severely impacts survival outcomes and is the cause of long-term cognitive deficits. To improve on short-term side effects and long-term complications, scanning beam proton therapy is employed, when available. While this recent technological advance significantly reduces damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue, survivors continue to experience induced radiation damage, including neurocognitive sequelae. To impact survivors’ health-related quality of life and caregivers’ emotional and financial burden, it is critical to identify approaches that reduce RT dose to mitigate side-effects without impacting RT effectiveness. We are investigating targeting a unique MB electrochemical vulnerability as a means to sensitize MB tumor cells to RT. There are four MB molecular subgroups: wingless, sonic-hedgehog, Group 3, and Group 4. Our analysis of 763 MB tumor transcriptomes reveals that all Group 3 MB tumors share an enhanced expression of genes-coding for subunits of the Type-A GABA receptor (GABAAR), a chloride channel. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that GABAARs conduct Cl− in MB cells and that a brain-penetrant benzodiazepine (BZ) enhances this effect and triggers cytotoxic responses commensurate with mitochondrial depolarization. We find that BZ combined with RT, even at a sub-lethal dose, is highly effective in impairing the viability of MB tumor cells, greater than RT alone. Our BZis capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier in minutes, is metabolically stable, and showed no toxicity in a primate model. We are investigating its suitability to be used concomitant with proton beam radiotherapy, replacing standard of care vincristine, to reduce radiation-induced brain toxicity experienced by MB patients and survivors while not decreasing RT effectiveness.
Citation Format: Daniel Pomeranz Krummel, Laura Kallay, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Vaibhavkumar Gawali, Kamdem T. Donatien, Taukir Ahmed, James M. Cook, Michael Lamba, Susanne Wells, Ralph E. Vatner, Mathieu Sertorio, Dan T. Ionascu, Soma Sengupta. Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Taukir Ahmed
- 2University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
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21
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Sarangi A, Das BS, Patnaik G, Sarkar S, Debnath M, Mohan M, Bhattacharya D. Potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity of some bioactive molecules of Indian ethnomedicinal plants that have the potential to enter in TB management. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1578-1599. [PMID: 33772980 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases of human civilization. Approximately one-third of global population is latently infected with the TB pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The discovery of anti-TB antibiotics leads to decline in death rate of TB. However, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant M.tb-strain and the resurgence of different immune-compromised diseases re-escalated the death rate of TB. WHO has already cautioned about the chances of pandemic situation in TB endemic countries until the discovery of new anti-tubercular drugs, that is, the need of the hour. Analysing the pathogenesis of TB, it was found that M.tb evades the host by altering the balance of immune response and affects either by killing the cells or by creating inflammation. In the pre-antibiotic era, traditional medicines were only therapeutic measures for different infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The ancient literatures of India or ample Indian traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal practices are evidence for the treatment of TB using different indigenous plants. However, in the light of modern scientific approach, anti-TB effects of those plants and their bioactive molecules were not established thoroughly. In this review, focus has been given on five bioactive molecules of different traditionally used Indian ethnomedicinal plants for treatment of TB or TB-like symptom. These compounds are also validated with proper identification and their mode of action with modern scientific approaches. The effectiveness of these molecules for sensitive or drug-resistant TB pathogen in clinical or preclinical studies was also evaluated. Thus, our specific aim is to highlight such scientifically validated bioactive compounds having anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity for future use as medicine or adjunct-therapeutic molecule for TB management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarangi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B S Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - G Patnaik
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Barsal High School, Rampurhat, West Bengal, India
| | - M Debnath
- Panskura Banamali College (Autonomous), Vidyasagar University, Panskura, West Bengal, India
| | - M Mohan
- ICMR-National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), New Delhi, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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22
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Gorham PW, Ludwig A, Deaconu C, Cao P, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Bhattacharya D, Beatty JJ, Belov K, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Chen CH, Chen P, Chen Y, Clem JM, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hsu SY, Huang JJ, Hughes K, Hupe R, Israel MH, Liu TC, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, McBride K, Miki C, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Rotter B, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Sutherland MS, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071103. [PMID: 33666466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in 2016 detected 29 cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.27} anthropogenic events. CRs are mainly seen in reflection off the Antarctic ice sheets, creating a phase-inverted waveform polarity. However, four of the below-horizon CR-like events show anomalous noninverted polarity, a p=5.3×10^{-4} chance if due to background. All anomalous events are from locations near the horizon; ANITA-IV observed no steeply upcoming anomalous events similar to the two such events seen in prior flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Y Hsu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K McBride
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kernphysik, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M S Sutherland
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
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23
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Koehler A, Karve A, Desai P, Arbiser J, Plas DR, Qi X, Read RD, Sasaki AT, Gawali VS, Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Kallay L, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Reuse of Molecules for Glioblastoma Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:99. [PMID: 33525329 PMCID: PMC7912673 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard of care for GBM is the Stupp protocol which includes surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy concomitant with the DNA alkylator temozolomide; however, survival under this treatment regimen is an abysmal 12-18 months. New and emerging treatments include the application of a physical device, non-invasive 'tumor treating fields' (TTFs), including its concomitant use with standard of care; and varied vaccines and immunotherapeutics being trialed. Some of these approaches have extended life by a few months over standard of care, but in some cases are only available for a minority of GBM patients. Extensive activity is also underway to repurpose and reposition therapeutics for GBM, either alone or in combination with the standard of care. In this review, we present select molecules that target different pathways and are at various stages of clinical translation as case studies to illustrate the rationale for their repurposing-repositioning and potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - David R. Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Renee D. Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Atsuo T. Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Donatien K. Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
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Bhattacharya D, Mohanan Nair K, Namboodiri N, Prabhu M, Valaparambil A. CARDIAC MRI IN RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT ARRHYTHMIA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pant AD, Ruhela R, Limje C, Vartak M, Yadav AK, Kumar S. A, Singh AK, Jha SN, Bhattacharya D, Kain V, Tomar BS. Highly Efficient and Selective Recovery of Technetium with a Novel MTPN Resin: A Remarkable Outcome of Bulky Cation–Bulky Anion Interactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Pant
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R. Ruhela
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B. S. Tomar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Bayan S, Bhattacharya D, Mitra RK, Ray SK. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: a novel platform for flexible, robust and optically active triboelectric nanogenerators. Nanoscale 2020; 12:21334-21343. [PMID: 33074267 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03879b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characteristics of mechanically flexible, stable and photoactive triboelectric nanogenerators based on two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. The performance of nanogenerator devices has been studied with varying frictional surfaces (such as polypropylene, aluminium oxide, Teflon and polyethylene terephthalate). Energy band diagrams have been used to explain the mechanism of triboelectric charge transfer in pristine and doped g-C3N4, with the former showing better characteristics. An optimized device has been found to be responsive to external stimuli to generate an output voltage of 10 V upon simple biomechanical impulses. To demonstrate the efficacy for practical applications of g-C3N4-based triboelectric nanogenerators, output voltages have been recorded for different common activities like walking, water showering, using as a writing/drawing pad, etc. Repetitive finger tapping on a device could charge a capacitor to as high as 55 V within ∼50 s, while that under UV illumination is found to be much faster (∼14 s) due to photoinduced carrier generations in g-C3N4. The exhibition of a superior photoresponsivity of ∼117 V W-1 under UV illumination demonstrates the dual functionality of g-C3N4-based triboelectric devices as a nanogenerator as well as an active flexible photosensor, which is hitherto unreported. Excellent mechanical flexibility, stability and photoinduced enhancement of output characteristics make g-C3N4 an attractive candidate for nanogenerator devices for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayan
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India.
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Pomeranz Krummel DA, Nasti TH, Kaluzova M, Kallay L, Bhattacharya D, Melms JC, Izar B, Xu M, Burnham A, Ahmed T, Li G, Lawson D, Kowalski J, Cao Y, Switchenko JM, Ionascu D, Cook JM, Medvedovic M, Jenkins A, Khan MK, Sengupta S. Melanoma Cell Intrinsic GABA A Receptor Enhancement Potentiates Radiation and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response by Promoting Direct and T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Activity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:1040-1053. [PMID: 33289666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most patients with metastatic melanoma show variable responses to radiation therapy and do not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Improved strategies for combination therapy that leverage potential benefits from radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are critical. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed metastatic melanoma tumors in the TCGA cohort for expression of genes coding for subunits of type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAAR), a chloride ion channel and major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor. Electrophysiology was used to determine whether melanoma cells possess intrinsic GABAAR activity. Melanoma cell viability studies were conducted to test whether enhancing GABAAR mediated chloride transport using benzodiazepine-impaired viability. A syngeneic melanoma mouse model was used to assay the effect of benzodiazepine on tumor volume and its ability to potentiate radiation therapy or immunotherapy. Treated tumors were analyzed for changes in gene expression by RNA sequencing and presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by flow cytometry. RESULTS Genes coding for subunits of GABAARs express functional GABAARs in melanoma cells. By enhancing GABAAR-mediated anion transport, benzodiazepines depolarize melanoma cells and impair their viability. In vivo, benzodiazepine alone reduces tumor growth and potentiates radiation therapy and α-PD-L1 antitumor activity. The combination of benzodiazepine, radiation therapy, and α-PD-L1 results in near complete regression of treated tumors and a potent abscopal effect, mediated by increased infiltration of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells. Treated tumors show expression of cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and overrepresentation of p53 signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies an antitumor strategy combining radiation and/or an immune checkpoint inhibitor with modulation of GABAARs in melanoma using benzodiazepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tahseen H Nasti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Maxwell Xu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andre Burnham
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Yichun Cao
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dan Ionascu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Patnaik S, Bhattacharya D, Chakrabarti K, Saravanan B, Bhatt AK, Verma MB. A Note on the Occurrence of Hydrothermal Anhydrite (CaSO4) in Kanchankayi area, Bhima Basin, Yadgir District, Karnataka. PINSA 2020. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2020/154985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bayan S, Bhattacharya D, Mitra RK, Ray SK. Self-powered flexible photodetectors based on Ag nanoparticle-loaded g-C 3N 4 nanosheets and PVDF hybrids: role of plasmonic and piezoelectric effects. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:365401. [PMID: 32428897 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate novel self-powered photodetection using silver (Ag) nanoparticle-loaded two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets triggered by poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators. A self-poled PVDF-based nanogenerator has been obtained upon exploiting pristine g-C3N4 nanosheets as a filler material within the PVDF matrix. The fabricated nanogenerator devices are found to be highly efficient in generating the maximum voltage of ∼2.3 V and maximum power ∼110 μWatt/cm2, upon finger tapping. Further, the integration of an additional layer of plasmonic Ag nanoparticle-loaded g-C3N4 nanosheets, has led to a significant enhancement of photoresponse. The hybrid plasmonic nanogenerator (with a strain of ∼0.021%) has resulted in self-powered photodetection with a photo-to-dark current ratio of ∼60, as compared to the unstrained device (∼2.0). In contrast to the usual behaviour (positive photoresponse), the exposure of an ultraviolet light lowers the output current indicating a negative photoresponse reported for the first time in such a system. The origin of such negative photoresponse has been attributed to the screening of piezopotential of PVDF by photogenerated carriers of g-C3N4 nanosheets. On the other hand, visible light-induced positive photoresponse has originated from the increment in the current, indicating the useful role of Ag nanoparticles in plasmon-induced hot electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bayan
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
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30
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Sengupta S, Nasti T, Kaluzova M, Kallay L, Melms J, Izar B, Xu M, Bhattacharya D, Burnham A, Li G, Ahmed T, Lawson D, Kowalski J, Cook J, Medvedovic M, Jenkins A, Khan M, Pomeranz Krummel D. 20. MELANOMA CELL INTRINSIC GABAA RECEPTOR ENHANCEMENT POTENTIATES RADIATION AND IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR RESPONSE BY PROMOTING DIRECT AND T CELL-MEDIATED ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY. Neurooncol Adv 2020. [PMCID: PMC7401396 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa073.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most metastatic melanoma patients exhibit poor and variable response to radiotherapy and targeted therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. There is a need for therapeutics that can potentiate existing treatments to positively impact clinical outcomes of metastatic melanoma patients. We reanalyzed melanoma TCGA transcriptomes and identified, as linked to previously defined molecular subgroups, enhanced expression of genes coding for subunits of the Type A GABA receptor (GABAAR), a chloride ion channel and major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor. Using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, we find that melanoma cells possess GABAARs that control membrane permeability to anions. Select benzodiazepines, by enhancing GABAAR mediated anion transport, depolarize melanoma cell mitochondrial membrane potential and impair cell viability in vitro. Using a syngeneic melanoma mouse model, we find that a benzodiazepine promotes reduction in tumor volume when administered alone and potentiated radiation or immune checkpoint inhibitor α-PD-L1. When a benzodiazepine is combined with concurrent α-PD-L1 and a sub-lethal radiation dose, there is near complete loss of tumor, beyond what is observed for benzodiazepine with radiation or α-PD-L1. Mechanistically, benzodiazepine with radiation or α-PD-L1 results in ipsilateral and an abscopal tumor volume reduction commensurate with enhanced infiltration into the tumor milieu of polyfunctional CD8 T-cells. There is also an increased expression of genes with roles in the cytokine-cytokine receptor and p53 signaling pathways. This study provides evidence for melanoma cell GABAARs as a therapeutic vulnerability with benzodiazepines promoting both direct and immune-mediated anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Cook
- University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Bhattacharya D, Pomeroy SL, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Epigenetics and survivorship in pediatric brain tumor patients. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:77-83. [PMID: 32451770 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain tumors make up over a quarter of pediatric malignancies. Depending on the age of presentation and treatment, pediatric brain tumor survivors experience varying degrees of treatment induced morbidity and sequelae. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of driver genes involved in oncogenesis in different types of brain tumors. Epigenetic modifications in pediatric brain tumor patients may influence long-term survival and may refine the molecular response to treatment induced morbidity and sequelae. However, there is a dearth of studies on how epigenetics of pediatric brain tumors is connected with neurocognition and other treatment related sequelae in survivors. METHODS/RESULTS In this review we explore epigenetic factors that may contribute to the survivorship and treatment of pediatric brain tumor patients. We focus on glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and the neurocutaneous syndrome neurofibromatosis type-1 to highlight epigenetic biomarkers that can potentially serve not only as prognostic indicators of overall patient survival, but hopefully as indicators to the response to treatment neurocognitively and otherwise. CONCLUSIONS Future studies will hopefully soon bridge the gap in our knowledge on how epigenetic modifications are linked to treatment related sequelae in pediatric brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, PO Box 670525, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0525, USA.
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Maitra S, Bhattacharya D, Das S, Bhattacharya S. Melatonin and its anti-glioma functions: a comprehensive review. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:527-541. [PMID: 30645197 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally synthesized hormone secreted from the pineal gland in a variety of animals and is primarily involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, which is the natural cycle controlling sleep in organisms. Melatonin acts on specific receptors and has an important role in overall energy metabolism. This review encompasses several aspects of melatonin activity, such as synthesis, source, structure, distribution, function, signaling and its role in normal physiology. The review highlights the cellular signaling and messenger systems involved in melatonin's action on the body and their wider implications, the distribution and diverse action of different melatonin receptors in specific areas of the brain, and the pharmacological agonists and antagonists that have specific action on these melatonin receptors. This review also incorporates the antitumor effects of melatonin in considerable detail, emphasizing on melatonin's role as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in glioma treatment. We conclude that the diminishing levels of melatonin have significant debilitating effects on normal physiology and can also be associated with malignant conditions such as glioma. Based on the review of the available evidence, our study provides a broad platform for a better understanding of the specific roles of melatonin and serves as a starting point for further investigation into the therapeutic effect of melatonin in glioma as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Maitra
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stabak Das
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri 735101, Govt. of West Bengal, India
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Cliffton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30303-3073, USA
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Alyethodi RR, Karthik S, Muniswamy K, Ravi SK, Perumal P, Bhattacharya D, Bala PA, De AK, Sujatha T, Sunder J, Kundu A. Assessment of Protein Profiles of RNAlater Stored and Fresh PBMC Cells Using Different Protein Extraction Buffers. Protein J 2020; 39:291-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bhattacharya D, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. Pediatric cerebellar tumors: transcriptionally distinct but developmentally heterogeneous. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:1322-1325. [PMID: 35117480 PMCID: PMC8798252 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.01.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Gardner Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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De AK, George Z, Mondal S, Perumal P, Muniswamy K, Kundu A, Sunder J, Muthiyan R, Zamir Ahmed SK, Chakraborty G, Sujatha T, Bhattacharya D. Tracing the genetic root of Trinket cattle: an endangered cattle population of a small isolated island of Nicobar group of islands. J Genet 2020; 99:16. [PMID: 32366739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trinket cattle are the inhabitant of a small island called Trinket, which is one of the picturesque islands of Andaman. This herd is thought to be of Danish leftover during their dynasty in Nicobar archipelago. When the island was abandoned by foreign invaders, indigenes utilized the animals for the purpose of meat. As a result, the cattle became semi-feral in nature. After the Great Sumatra earthquake and tsunami of Indian Ocean in 2004, Trinket island was left abandoned by indigenes and the cattle became totally feral in nature. To trace the genetic root of the cattle, this study has been undertaken based on the sequence information of the mitochondrial D-loop and cytochrome b gene. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of the Trinket cattle and was used for amplification of mitochondrial markers, and the sequence information was generated by Sanger sequencing. The analysis of sequence information revealed that the Trinket cattle belongs to Bos indicus (I) haplotype, sub-haplotype I2. The presence of I2 sub-haplotype in Trinket cattle may be due to the expansion of this I2 haplotype towards Southeast Asian countries. This is a novel input for the formulation of breeding strategy towards conservation of eco-friendly sustainable livestock in the isolated island ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar De
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 101, India.
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Bhattacharya D, Zhu D, Osuka S, Kaluz S, Devi N, Van Meir E. PDTM-12. ADGRB3 IS EPIGENETICALLY SILENCED IN WNT-MEDULLOBLASTOMA AND ITS REACTIVATION HAS THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) are the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in children and are classified into four major molecular subgroups. WNT-MB is characterized by an activated WNT signature and has relatively better prognosis with treatment. However, young WNT-MB patients who survive after conventional treatment suffer from long-term irreversible neurocognitive and endocrine side effects leading to poor quality of life. ADGRB3 is a member of the ADGRB1-3 subfamily of adhesion GPCR transmembrane proteins, which are highly expressed in the cerebellum and hippocampal neurons. Our recent analysis of RNA-seq data from a published panel of MB tumor samples and RT-PCR experiments with tumor samples showed that ADGRB3 mRNA expression is selectively repressed in WNT-MB tumors compared to the other molecular subgroups and normal human cerebellum. We detected hypermethylation of the ADGRB3 promoter exclusively in WNT-MB samples. ChIP assays revealed enrichment of repressive methyl CpG binding MBD2 protein and trimethylated histone H3K9me3 in the ADGRB3 promoter region. We found that ATP dependent chromatin remodeler protein BRG-1 regulates ADGRB3 expression through epigenetic reprogramming at the gene promoter. Lentiviral reconstitution of ADGRB3 inhibited growth and WNT signaling in UW288-1, and PFSK-1 cells in culture. ADGRB3 reconstitution in UW288-1 MB cells causes a significant reduction in tumor growth and WNT target gene activation in orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, we found that ADGRB3 reactivation could be achieved using a blood brain barrier permeable MBD2 antagonist and an EZH2 inhibitor and this can significantly reduce cell growth and inhibit WNT signaling targets. Altogether, our findings define an epigenetic mechanism for ADGRB3 silencing in WNT-MB and demonstrated that reactivation of ADGRB3 can prevent WNT-MB tumor growth by suppressing WNT signaling. Our study supports translating epigenetic reactivation of ADGRB3 as a novel therapeutic intervention for children affected with WNT-MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Zhu
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefan Kaluz
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Narra Devi
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erwin Van Meir
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Adhikari A, Chhetri VS, Bhattacharya D, Cason C, Luu P, Suazo A. Effectiveness of daily rinsing of alfalfa sprouts with aqueous chlorine dioxide and ozonated water on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during sprouting. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:252-257. [PMID: 31429475 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa sprouts have been implicated in multiple foodborne disease outbreaks. This study evaluated the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during sprouting of alfalfa seeds and the effectiveness of daily chlorine dioxide & ozone rinsing in controlling the growth. Alfalfa seeds inoculated with L. monocytogenes were sprouted for 5 days (25°C) with a daily aqueous ClO2 (3 ppm, 10 min) or ozone water (2 ppm, 5 min) rinse. Neither treatment significantly reduced the growth of L. monocytogenes on sprouting alfalfa seeds. The initial level of L. monocytogenes was 3·44 ± 0·27, which increased to c. 7·0 log CFU per g following 3 days of sprouting. There was no significant difference in the bacterial population between the treatment schemes. Bacterial distribution in roots (7·63 ± 0·511 log CFU per g), stems (7·51 ± 0·511 log CFU per g) and leaves (7·41 ± 0·511 log CFU per g) were similar after 5 days. Spent sanitizers had significantly lower levels of bacterial populations compared to the spent distilled water control. The results indicated that sprouting process provides a favourable condition for the growth of L. monocytogenes and the sanitizer treatment alone may not be able to reduce food safety risks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Sprouts are high-risk foods. Consumption of raw sprouts is frequently associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. Optimum sprouting procedure involves soaking seeds in water followed by daily water rinsing to maintain a moist environment that is also favourable for the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms. The present study emphasized the potential food safety risks during sprouting and the effect of applying daily sanitizer rinsing in the place of water rinsing to reduce those risks. The finding of this study may be useful in the development of pre-harvest and post-harvest risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adhikari
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - V S Chhetri
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - D Bhattacharya
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C Cason
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - P Luu
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A Suazo
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Bhattacharya D, Zhu D, Osuka S, Devi SN, Meir EGV. Abstract 3477: ADGRB3 is epigenetically silenced in WNT-medulloblastoma and inhibits WNT signaling. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in children and are classified into four molecular subgroups. While some subtypes of MB show a favorable prognosis with treatment, still one third of patients succumb to this disease and the children who survive after therapy suffer from long-term neurocognitive and endocrine side effects of the conventional treatments. ADGRB3 (formerly called BAI3) is a member of the ADGRB1-3 subfamily of adhesion GPCR transmembrane proteins, which are highly expressed in the brain specially in cerebellum and hippocampal neurons. Our recent analysis of RNA-seq data from a published panel of medulloblastoma tumor samples and RT-PCR experiments with MB tumor samples showed that ADGRB3 mRNA expression was selectively repressed in WNT-MB tumor tissue compared to other three molecular subgroups and normal human cerebellar tissue. Using bisulfite sequencing and MS-PCR we have detected hypermethylation of the ADGRB3 promoter region exclusively in WNT-MB subgroup of MB tissues but not in the other three molecular subgroups and normal human cerebellar tissue. ChIP assays revealed enrichment of repressive methyl CpG binding protein MBD2 and the trimethylated histone H3K9me3 in the ADGRB3 promoter region of UW288-1 cells. Collectively, these indicates epigenetic silencing of ADGRB3 in WNT-MB via promoter hypermethylation and repressive histone modifications. We found that knockdown of ATP dependent chromatin remodeler protein Brg1 in MB cells can silence ADGRB3 expression through epigenetic reprogramming at the gene promoter. Lentiviral reconstitution of ADGRB3 in silent MB cells (UW288-1, PFSK-1) inhibited growth of these cells in culture and inhibited WNT signaling targets. ADGRB3 reconstituted UW288-1 MB cells when xenografted yielded significantly reduced tumor in immunocompromised mice compared to the parental cells. Pharmacological reactivation of ADGRB3 expression in silent WNT MB cells using our recently established MBD2 antagonist and an EZH2 inhibitor significantly reduced cell growth in vitro and inhibits some specific WNT signaling targets. We further identified a novel mechanism underlying ADGRB3 mediated regulation of WNT signaling by performing co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Altogether, our findings define an epigenetic mechanism for ADGRB3 silencing in WNT-MB and demonstrates a mechanism through which ADGRB3 restrains activation of WNT signaling involved in cerebellar transformation. Our findings highlight the potential of epigenetic reactivation of ADGRB3 as a less toxic therapeutic intervention for the children suffering from WNT-MB.
Citation Format: Debanjan Bhattacharya, Dan Zhu, Satoru Osuka, Saroja Narra Devi, Erwin G. Van Meir. ADGRB3 is epigenetically silenced in WNT-medulloblastoma and inhibits WNT signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3477.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Zhu
- 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- 1Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- 2Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
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Sreevatsava V, De S, Bandyopadhyay S, Chaudhury P, Bera AK, Muthiyan R, De AK, Perumal P, Sunder J, Chakraborty G, Bhattacharya D. Variability of the EG95 antigen-coding gene of Echinococcus granulosus in animal and human origin: implications for vaccine development. J Genet 2019; 98:53. [PMID: 31204707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the genetic variability of the EG95 protein-coding gene in several animal and human isolates of Echinococcus granulosus was investigated. A total of 24 isolates collected from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, dog and man were amplified by Eg95-coding gene-specific primers. From the generated sequence information, a conceptual amino acid sequence was deduced. Phylogenetically, the Eg95 coding gene belongs to the Eg95-1/Eg95-2/Eg95-3/Eg95-4 cluster. Further confirmation on the maximum composite likelihood analysis revealed that the overall transition/transversion bias was 2.913. This finding indicated thatthere is bias towards transitional and transversional substitution. Using artificial neural networks, a B-cell epitope was predicted on primary sequence information. Stretches of amino acid residues varied between animal and human isolates when hydrophobicity was considered. Flexibility also varied between larval and adult stages of the organism. This observation is important to develop vaccines. However, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes on primary sequence data remained constant in all isolates. In this study, agretope identification started with hydrophobic amino acids. Amino acids with the same physico-chemical properties were present in the middle. The conformational propensity of the Eg95-coding gene of 156 amino acid residues had α-turns and β-turns, and α-amphipathic regions up to 129, 138-156 and 151-155 residues, respectively. The results indicated potential T-cell antigenic sites. The overall Tajima's D value was negative (-2.404165), indicative of negative selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sreevatsava
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700 037, India.
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40
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Sreevatsava V, De S, Bandyopadhyay S, Chaudhury P, Bera AK, Muthiyan R, De AK, Perumal P, Sunder J, Chakraborty G, Bhattacharya D. Variability of the EG95 antigen-coding gene of Echinococcus granulosus in animal and human origin: implications for vaccine development. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bhattacharya D, Van Meir EG. A simple genotyping method to detect small CRISPR-Cas9 induced indels by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4437. [PMID: 30872606 PMCID: PMC6418129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR gene editing creates indels in targeted genes that are detected by genotyping. Separating PCR products generated from wild-type versus mutant alleles with small indels based on size is beyond the resolution capacity of regular agarose gel electrophoresis. To overcome this limitation, we developed a simple genotyping method that exploits the differential electrophoretic mobility of homoduplex versus heteroduplex DNA hybrids in high concentration agarose gels. First, the CRISPR target region is PCR amplified and homo- and hetero-duplexed amplicons formed during the last annealing cycle are separated by 4–6% agarose gel electrophoresis. WT/mutant heteroduplexes migrate more slowly and are distinguished from WT or mutant homoduplexes. Heterozygous alleles are immediately identified as they produce two distinct bands, while homozygous wild-type or mutant alleles yield a single band. To discriminate the latter, equal amounts of PCR products of homozygous samples are mixed with wild-type control samples, subjected to one denaturation/renaturation cycle and products are electrophoresed again. Samples from homozygous mutant alleles now produce two bands, while those from wild-type alleles yield single bands. This method is simple, fast and inexpensive and can identify indels >2 bp. in size in founder pups and genotype offspring in established transgenic mice colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Das PP, Krishnan G, Doley J, Bhattacharya D, Deb SM, Chakravarty P, Das PJ. Establishing gene Amelogenin as sex-specific marker in yak by genomic approach. J Genet 2019; 98:7. [PMID: 30945688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yak, an economically important bovine species considered as lifeline of the Himalaya. Indeed, this gigantic bovine is neglected because of the scientific intervention for its conservation as well as research documentation for a long time. Amelogenin is an essential protein for tooth enamel which eutherian mammals contain two copies in both X and Y chromosome each. In bovine, the deletion of a fragment of the nucleotide sequence in Y chromosome copy of exon 6 made Amelogenin an excellent sex-specific marker. Thus, an attempt was made to use the gene as an advanced molecular marker of sexing of the yak to improve breeding strategies and reproduction. The present study confirmed that the polymerase chain reaction amplification of the Amelogenin gene with a unique primer is useful in sex identification of the yak. The test is further refined with qPCR validation by quantifying the DNA copy number of the Amelogenin gene in male and female. We observed a high level of sequence polymorphisms of AMELX and AMELY in yak considered as novel identification. These tests can be further extended into several other specialized fields including forensics, meat production and processing, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang 790 101, India. ,
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Cenci U, Qiu H, Pillonel T, Cardol P, Remacle C, Colleoni C, Kadouche D, Chabi M, Greub G, Bhattacharya D, Ball SG. Host-pathogen biotic interactions shaped vitamin K metabolism in Archaeplastida. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15243. [PMID: 30323231 PMCID: PMC6189191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Menaquinone (vitamin K2) shuttles electrons between membrane-bound respiratory complexes under microaerophilic conditions. In photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, phylloquinone (vitamin K1) participates in photosystem I function. Here we elucidate the evolutionary history of vitamin K metabolism in algae and plants. We show that Chlamydiales intracellular pathogens made major genetic contributions to the synthesis of the naphthoyl ring core and the isoprenoid side-chain of these quinones. Production of the core in extremophilic red algae is under control of a menaquinone (Men) gene cluster consisting of 7 genes that putatively originated via lateral gene transfer (LGT) from a chlamydial donor to the plastid genome. In other green and red algae, functionally related nuclear genes also originated via LGT from a non-cyanobacterial, albeit unidentified source. In addition, we show that 3-4 of the 9 required steps for synthesis of the isoprenoid side chains are under control of genes of chlamydial origin. These results are discussed in the light of the hypoxic response experienced by the cyanobacterial endosymbiont when it gained access to the eukaryotic cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - T Pillonel
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Cardol
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, B22 Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Remacle
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, B22 Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Colleoni
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - D Kadouche
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - M Chabi
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - G Greub
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S G Ball
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS-USTL, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Bhattacharya D, Zhu D, Devi N, Meir EGV. Abstract B17: ADGRB3 is a novel tumor suppressor epigenetically silenced in WNT medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-b17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in children and arises from neural progenitor cells in the developing cerebellum. Although some subtypes of MB show a favorable prognosis with treatment, still one third of patients succumb to this disease and the children who survive suffer from long-term side effects of the aggressive treatments. ADGRB3 (formerly called BAI3) is a member of the ADGRB1-3 subfamily of adhesion GPCR transmembrane proteins, which are highly expressed in the brain specially in cerebellum and hippocampal neurons. The ADGRB3 gene was recently found to undergo somatic mutations in several cancers, but nothing is known about the functional role of ADGRB3 in medulloblastoma. Our recent findings based on analysis of a published microarray dataset and RT-PCR experiments showed that ADGRB3 mRNA expression was selectively repressed in WNT-MB tumor tissue compared to other three molecular subgroups and normal human cerebellar tissue. Using bisulfite sequencing we have detected hypermethylation of the ADGRB3 promoter exclusively in WNT-MB subgroup of human MB tissue but not in the other three molecular subgroups and normal human cerebellar tissue. These results clearly indicate that ADGRB3 is epigenetically silenced in WNT-MB via promoter hypermethylation. In vitro experiments showed that restoration of ADGRB3 expression in ADGRB3-silenced MB cell lines slows cell growth and inhibits WNT signaling targets. We further analyzed whether methyl CpG binding proteins and histone modifications modulate transcriptional repression of ADGRB3 in WNT-MB. ChIP assays revealed enrichment of repressive MBD2 protein in the ADGRB3 promoter region. siRNA mediated knockdown of ADGRB3 in ADGRB3-silent MB cell line (UW288-1) was found to reactivate ADGRB3 expression. We found that in vitro treatment with KCC-07, a recently discovered MBD2 inhibitor, reactivates ADGRB3 mRNA expression in ADGRB3-silent but not expressing MB cells. We are currently investigating whether ADGRB3 can negatively regulate the WNT/beta-catenin pathway or acts via an independent pathway that synergizes with it to facilitate transformation. Altogether, our findings define an epigenetic mechanism for ADGRB3 silencing in WNT-MB and indicate a novel role of ADGRB3 as a potent suppressor of oncogenic cerebellar transformation. Our findings also highlight the potential of epigenetic reactivation of ADGRB3 as a less toxic therapeutic intervention for the children suffering from WNT-MB.
Citation Format: Debanjan Bhattacharya, Dan Zhu, Narra Devi, Erwin G. Van Meir. ADGRB3 is a novel tumor suppressor epigenetically silenced in WNT medulloblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Zhu
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Narra Devi
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Katangwe T, Kirkdale C, Bhattacharya D, Twigg M. The community pharmacy setting for delivering diabetes prevention programmes: A mixed methods study in people with ‘pre-diabetes’. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Warne RR, Carney OM, Wang G, Bhattacharya D, Chong WK, Aylett SE, Mankad K. The Bone Does Not Predict the Brain in Sturge-Weber Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1543-1549. [PMID: 30026385 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been hypothesized that skull marrow signal alteration may represent an early disease manifestation of Sturge-Weber syndrome before development of its intracranial manifestations. We alternatively hypothesized that intraosseous changes are associated with the overlying port-wine stain rather than the intracranial stigmata of Sturge-Weber syndrome and hence are not a predictor of brain involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging of children presenting with port-wine stain and/or Sturge-Weber syndrome between 1998 and 2017 was evaluated by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists for marrow signal abnormality and pial angioma and other Sturge-Weber syndrome features: ocular hemangioma, atrophy, and white matter changes (advanced myelination). Groups were divided into port-wine stain-only (without intracranial Sturge-Weber syndrome features) and Sturge-Weber syndrome (the presence of cerebral pial angioma). The χ2 test was performed to evaluate the association between port-wine stain and bone marrow changes and between osseous change and pial angioma. RESULTS We reviewed 139 cases: 40 with port-wine stain-only and 99 with Sturge-Weber syndrome with pial angioma. Fifteen of 99 cases of Sturge-Weber syndrome had no port-wine stain. In the port-wine stain-only cohort, 78% had ipsilateral bony changes and 17% had no intraosseous changes. In the Sturge-Weber syndrome cohort, 84/99 had associated port-wine stain, 91% (P < .01) had bony changes ipsilateral to the port-wine stain or had no bone changes in the absence of port-wine stain, and 77% (P = .27) had bony changes ipsilateral to a cerebral pial angioma. Eighty percent of patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome who lacked a port-wine stain also lacked marrow changes. Five patients with bilateral port-wine stain and bilateral marrow changes had only a unilateral pial angioma. CONCLUSIONS Intraosseous marrow changes are strongly associated with facial port-wine stain; no significant association was found between pial angioma and bone marrow changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Warne
- From the Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology (R.R.W., O.M.C., D.B., W.K.C., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O M Carney
- From the Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology (R.R.W., O.M.C., D.B., W.K.C., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Wang
- Department of Biostatistics (G.W.), University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006
| | - D Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology (R.R.W., O.M.C., D.B., W.K.C., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - W K Chong
- From the Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology (R.R.W., O.M.C., D.B., W.K.C., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S E Aylett
- Neurosciences (S.E.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Developmental Neurosciences University College London, NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - K Mankad
- From the Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology (R.R.W., O.M.C., D.B., W.K.C., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Katangwe T, Kirkdale C, Bhattacharya D, Twigg M. The community pharmacy setting for the delivery of diabetes prevention programmes: Views and perceptions of healthcare professionals. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu D, Osuka S, Zhang Z, Reichert ZR, Yang L, Kanemura Y, Jiang Y, You S, Zhang H, Devi NS, Bhattacharya D, Takano S, Gillespie GY, Macdonald T, Tan C, Nishikawa R, Nelson WG, Olson JJ, Van Meir EG. BAI1 Suppresses Medulloblastoma Formation by Protecting p53 from Mdm2-Mediated Degradation. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:1004-1016.e5. [PMID: 29894688 PMCID: PMC6002773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRs) encompass 33 human transmembrane proteins with long N termini involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We show the ADGRB1 gene, which encodes Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), is epigenetically silenced in medulloblastomas (MBs) through a methyl-CpG binding protein MBD2-dependent mechanism. Knockout of Adgrb1 in mice augments proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors, and leads to accelerated tumor growth in the Ptch1+/- transgenic MB mouse model. BAI1 prevents Mdm2-mediated p53 polyubiquitination, and its loss substantially reduces p53 levels. Reactivation of BAI1/p53 signaling axis by a brain-permeable MBD2 pathway inhibitor suppresses MB growth in vivo. Altogether, our data define BAI1's physiological role in tumorigenesis and directly couple an ADGR to cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Liquan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuo You
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narra S Devi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shingo Takano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tobey Macdonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - William G Nelson
- Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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49
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Bhattacharya D, Ghosh D, Bhattacharya S, Sarkar S, Karmakar P, Koley H, Gachhui R. Antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of Kombucha against Vibrio cholerae: targeting cell membrane. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:145-152. [PMID: 29193174 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of antibacterial activity of a polyphenolic fraction, composed of mainly catechin and isorhamnetin, previously isolated from Kombucha, a 14-day fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against the enteropathogen Vibrio cholerae N16961. Bacterial growth was found to be seriously impaired by the polyphenolic fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning Electron Microscopy demonstrated morphological alterations in bacterial cells when exposed to the polyphenolic fraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Permeabilization assays confirmed that the fraction disrupted bacterial membrane integrity in both time- and dose-dependent manners, which were proportional to the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, each of the polyphenols catechin and isorhamnetin showed the ability to permeate bacterial cell membranes by generating oxidative stress, thereby suggesting their role in the antibacterial potential of Kombucha. Thus, the basic mechanism of antibacterial activity of the Kombucha polyphenolic fraction against V. cholerae involved bacterial membrane permeabilization and morphological changes, which might be due to the generation of intracellular ROS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the investigation of antibacterial mechanism of Kombucha, which is mostly attributed to its polyphenolic content. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The emergence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains has hindered an efficient anti-Vibrio therapy. This study has demonstrated the membrane damage-mediated antibacterial mechanism of Kombucha, a popular fermented beverage of sugared tea, which is mostly attributed to its polyphenolic content. This study also implies the exploitation of Kombucha as a potential new source of bioactive polyphenols against V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhattacharya
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - P Karmakar
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - H Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - R Gachhui
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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50
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Allyn PR, O'Malley SM, Ferguson J, Tseng CH, Chew KW, Bhattacharya D. Attitudes and potential barriers towards hepatitis C treatment in patients with and without HIV coinfection. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 29:334-340. [PMID: 28820346 PMCID: PMC5670019 DOI: 10.1177/0956462417725462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess attitudes and potential barriers towards treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, comparing those with and without HIV coinfection. A cross-sectional survey of 82 HCV-infected adults with and without HIV was conducted in greater Los Angeles between November 2013 and July 2015. Overall, there were 53 (64.6%) with HIV coinfection, 20 (25.0%) with self-reported cirrhosis, and 22 (26.8%) with a history of prior HCV treatment. Of all, 93.2% wanted HCV treatment, but 45.9% were unwilling/unable to spend anything out of pocket, 29.4% were waiting for new therapies, and 23.5% were recommended to defer HCV treatment. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were more likely to want treatment within one year (90.2% versus 68.2%, p = 0.02), more willing to join a clinical trial (74.5% versus 8.0%, p < 0.01), more willing to take medications twice daily (86.3% versus 61.5%, p = 0.01), and more likely to prefer hepatitis C treatment by an infectious diseases/HIV physician (36.7% versus 4.0%, p < 0.01). Of all, 77.1% of coinfected patients were willing to change antiretroviral therapy if necessary to treat HCV, but only 48.0% of patients were willing to take a medication if it had not been studied in HIV-positive patients. Treatment preferences differ between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients. Despite a strong willingness among the study cohort to start HCV treatment, other factors such as cost, access to medications, and provider reluctance may be delaying treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Allyn
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 12222 University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S M O'Malley
- 2 UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Ferguson
- 3 Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C H Tseng
- 4 Department of Medicine Statistics Core, 12222 University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K W Chew
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 12222 University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 2 UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Bhattacharya
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 12222 University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 2 UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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