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Selva Sharma A, Lee NY. Comprehensive review on fluorescent carbon dots and their applications in nucleic acid detection, nucleolus targeted imaging and gene delivery. Analyst 2024; 149:4095-4115. [PMID: 39007289 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure-function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. The unique physical and chemical properties of CDs, particularly their strong affinity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have spurred interest in gene delivery applications. The use of nuclear-targeting peptides, polymers, and ligands in conjunction with CDs for improved gene delivery applications have been systematically reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges associated with CDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Selva Sharma
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea.
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2
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Garg R, Prasad D. Carbon dots and their interactions with recognition molecules for enhanced nucleic acid detection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:93-107. [PMID: 37738905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Dots (C-dots) have exceptional fluorescence and incident wavelength alteration capabilities because of their π-π* electron transitions between the surface-trapped charges. They have clear, considerate and cost-effective applications in the domain of bio-sensing, optical imaging, medical diagnostics, fluorescence chemotherapy, forensics, and environmentology. Advances in the production process of C-dots can change their optical and chemical characteristics, allowing them to interact with a variety of chemicals and ions that can be exploited for the DNA detection in point-of-care devices. In the current scenario of pathogenic disease prevention, metagenomics and industrial processes, alternative genetic material identification is critical. This review focuses on the existing carbon dots-based DNA detection technologies and their interactions with other components such as metallic salts, dyes, and biological chemicals based on their surface charge distribution (positive or negative) employed in the DNA diagnostic devices and biosensors with their operating mechanism regarding their target component. These intriguing scientific discoveries and technologies will be extensively examined to translate them into real-world solutions which will have a significant societal and economic impact on overall well-being and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Garg
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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3
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GhaderiShekhiAbadi P, Irani M, Noorisepehr M, Maleki A. Magnetic biosensors for identification of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, HIV, and Ebola viruses: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:272001. [PMID: 36996779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc8da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza, HIV, Ebola, etc kill many people around the world every year (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Ebola in 2013, HIV in 1980, Influenza in 1918). For example, SARS-CoV-2 has plagued higher than 317 000 000 people around the world from December 2019 to January 13, 2022. Some infectious diseases do not yet have not a proper vaccine, drug, therapeutic, and/or detection method, which makes rapid identification and definitive treatments the main challenges. Different device techniques have been used to detect infectious diseases. However, in recent years, magnetic materials have emerged as active sensors/biosensors for detecting viral, bacterial, and plasmids agents. In this review, the recent applications of magnetic materials in biosensors for infectious viruses detection have been discussed. Also, this work addresses the future trends and perspectives of magnetic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Irani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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4
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Xu Q, Xiao F, Xu H. Fluorescent detection of emerging virus based on nanoparticles: From synthesis to application. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 161:116999. [PMID: 36852170 PMCID: PMC9946731 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 has caused huge economic losses and irreversible social impact. Therefore, to successfully prevent the spread of the virus and solve public health problems, it is urgent to develop detection methods with high sensitivity and accuracy. However, existing detection methods are time-consuming, rely on instruments, and require skilled operators, making rapid detection challenging to implement. Biosensors based on fluorescent nanoparticles have attracted interest in the field of detection because of their advantages, such as high sensitivity, low detection limit, and simple result readout. In this review, we systematically describe the synthesis, intrinsic advantages, and applications of organic dye-doped fluorescent nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, up-conversion particles, quantum dots, carbon dots, and others for virus detection. Furthermore, future research initiatives are highlighted, including green production of fluorescent nanoparticles with high quantum yield, speedy signal reading by integrating with intelligent information, and error reduction by coupling with numerous fluorescent nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Fangbin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
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5
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Safari M, Moghaddam A, Salehi Moghaddam A, Absalan M, Kruppke B, Ruckdäschel H, Khonakdar HA. Carbon-based biosensors from graphene family to carbon dots: A viewpoint in cancer detection. Talanta 2023; 258:124399. [PMID: 36870153 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest report by International Agency for Research on Cancer, 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths were globally reported in 2020. Early diagnosis can reduce these numbers significantly, and biosensors have appeared to be a solution to this problem as, unlike the traditional methods, they have low cost, rapid process, and do not need experts present on site for use. These devices have been incorporated to detect many cancer biomarkers and measure cancer drug delivery. To design these biosensors, a researcher must know about their different types, properties of nanomaterials, and cancer biomarkers. Among all types of biosensors, electrochemical and optical biosensors are the most sensitive and promising sensors for detecting complicated diseases like cancer. The carbon-based nanomaterial family has attracted lots of attention due to their low cost, easy preparation, biocompatibility, and significant electrochemical and optical properties. In this review, we have discussed the application of graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerene (C60), for designing different electrochemical and optical cancer-detecting biosensors. Furthermore, the application of these carbon-based biosensors for detecting seven widely studied cancer biomarkers (HER2, CEA, CA125, VEGF, PSA, Alpha-fetoprotein, and miRNA21) is reviewed. Finally, various fabricated carbon-based biosensors for detecting cancer biomarkers and anticancer drugs are comprehensively summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Safari
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Moloud Absalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Benjamin Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Hakimian F, Haghiralsadat BF, Hadian-Ghazvini S, Azizi M, Ghourchian H. Fe 3O 4/Au/porous Au nanohybrid for efficient delivery of doxorubicin as a model drug. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:102. [PMID: 36820920 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids being bi-functional nanoparticles with magnetic properties and high porosity, were synthesized and used for drug delivery. To achieve this purpose, after Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis, a gold layer coats them to increase their stability. Then, to improve the loading capacity of Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles, a shell of porous gold was synthesized on the Fe3O4/Au surface by creating an Ag-Au nanohybrid layer on Fe3O4/Au and dissolving the metallic silver atoms in HNO3 (0.01 M). The DLS results show that the synthesized nanohybrid has an average size of 68.0 ± 7.7 nm and a zeta potential of - 28.1 ± 0.2 mV. Finally, doxorubicin (DOX), as a pharmaceutical agent, was loaded onto the Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids. The prepared nano-drug enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DOX on MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the free DOX. These results confirmed a 1.5 times improvement in the antitumor activity of DOX-loaded Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hakimian
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bibi Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hadian-Ghazvini
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Azizi
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Ghourchian
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Dudchenko N, Pawar S, Perelshtein I, Fixler D. Magnetite-Based Biosensors and Molecular Logic Gates: From Magnetite Synthesis to Application. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:304. [PMID: 36979516 PMCID: PMC10046048 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, point-of-care (POC) sensors have become increasingly important in the detection of various targets for the early diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Diverse nanomaterials are used as building blocks for the development of smart biosensors and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are among them. The intrinsic properties of MNPs, such as their large surface area, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, high saturation magnetization, and more, mean they have great potential for use in biosensors. Moreover, the unique characteristics of MNPs, such as their response to external magnetic fields, allow them to be easily manipulated (concentrated and redispersed) in fluidic media. As they are functionalized with biomolecules, MNPs bear high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of target biomolecules, which means they are advantageous in biosensor development and lead to a more sensitive, rapid, and accurate identification and quantification of target analytes. Due to the abovementioned properties of functionalized MNPs and their unique magnetic characteristics, they could be employed in the creation of new POC devices, molecular logic gates, and new biomolecular-based biocomputing interfaces, which would build on new ideas and principles. The current review outlines the synthesis, surface coverage, and functionalization of MNPs, as well as recent advancements in magnetite-based biosensors for POC diagnostics and some perspectives in molecular logic, and it also contains some of our own results regarding the topic, which include synthetic MNPs, their application for sample preparation, and the design of fluorescent-based molecular logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Dudchenko
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shweta Pawar
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Montazeri AR, Moghimi H, Ghourchian H, Maghami P. Characteristics investigation and synergistic anticancer effects of immobilized L-asparaginase onto iron-gold core-shell combined with cold atmospheric pressure plasma. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Barrientos K, Arango JP, Moncada MS, Placido J, Patiño J, Macías SL, Maldonado C, Torijano S, Bustamante S, Londoño ME, Jaramillo M. Carbon dot-based biosensors for the detection of communicable and non -communicable diseases. Talanta 2022; 251:123791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic on global healthcare systems has underlined the importance of timely and cost-effective point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. The need for ultrasensitive easy-to-use platforms has culminated in an increased interest for rapid response equipment-free alternatives to conventional diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, western-blot assay, etc. Furthermore, the poor stability and the bleaching behavior of several contemporary fluorescent reporters is a major obstacle in understanding the mechanism of viral infection thus retarding drug screening and development. Owing to their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio as well as their quantum confinement and charge transfer properties, nanomaterials are desirable additives to sensing and imaging systems to amplify their signal response as well as temporal resolution. Their large surface area promotes biomolecular integration as well as efficacious signal transduction. Due to their hole mobility, photostability, resistance to photobleaching, and intense brightness, nanomaterials have a considerable edge over organic dyes for single virus tracking. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of combining carbon-allotrope, inorganic and organic-based nanomaterials with virus sensing and tracking methods, starting with the impact of human pathogenic viruses on the society. We address how different nanomaterials can be used in various virus sensing platforms (e.g. lab-on-a-chip, paper, and smartphone-based point-of-care systems) as well as in virus tracking applications. We discuss the enormous potential for the use of nanomaterials as simple, versatile, and affordable tools for detecting and tracing viruses infectious to humans, animals, plants as well as bacteria. We present latest examples in this direction by emphasizing major advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqsit Pirzada
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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Zor E, Mollarasouli F, Karadurmus L, Ozcelikay G, Ozkan SA. Carbon Dots in the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:219-246. [PMID: 35533107 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2072168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and viruses pathogens are a significant hazard to human safety and health. In the imaging and detection of pathogenic microorganisms, the application of fluorescent nanoparticles is very useful. Carbon dots and quantum dots are preferred in this regard as labels, amplifiers, and/or electrode modifiers because of their outstanding features. However, precise diagnostics to identify numerous harmful bacteria simultaneously still face considerable hurdles, yet it is an inevitable issue. With the growing development of biosensors, nanoproduct-based bio-sensing has recently become one of the most promising methods for accurately identifying and quantifying various pathogens at low cost, high sensitivity, and selectivity, with time savings. The most recent applications of carbon dots in optical and electrochemical-based sensors are discussed in this review, along with some examples of pathogen sensors.HighlightsSimultaneous and early detection of pathogens is a critical issue in the management of readily spread to prevent epidemics.Carbon dots-based biosensors are more preferred in detection of pathogens due to high selectivity and sensitivity, as well as quick and cheap point-of-care platform.Summary of recent advances in the design of optical and electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Zor
- Department of Science Education, A. K. Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology Laboratory, Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Leyla Karadurmus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Goksu Ozcelikay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kamali P, Zandi M, Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam H, Fani M. Comparison between various biosensor methods for human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) detection. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1513-1517. [PMID: 34797491 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the drawback of traditional and current diagnostic methods including serological and molecular assays, the development of the rapid and free-PCR techniques can be an alternative technique for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) DNA detection sequences. On the other hand, early detection of HTLV-1 prevents two dangerous diseases including Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. The biosensor-based methods are sensitive techniques that can provide new opportunities to detect infectious diseases, particularly in the early stage. This study provides a comparative view among recently designed biosensors for the detection of HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Kamali
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mona Fani
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Quantifying Cytosolic Cytochrome c Concentration Using Carbon Quantum Dots as a Powerful Method for Apoptosis Detection. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101556. [PMID: 34683849 PMCID: PMC8537359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is a key biomarker for early apoptosis, and many methods were designed to detect its release from mitochondria. For a proper evaluation of these programed cell death mechanisms, fluorescent nanoparticles are excellent candidates due to their valuable optical properties. Among all classes of nanoparticles developed thus far, carbon-based quantum dots bring qualitative and efficient imaging strategies for biomedical applications as a consequence of their biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. METHODS In this study, we synthesized carbon quantum dots smaller than 5 nm from sodium citrate and polyethylene imine. These nanoparticles were rigorously characterized, and their quenching capacity in apoptotic events was assessed in A549 cells treated with staurosporine and etoposide. For the evaluation of Cyt c release, a phenomenon directly correlated with apoptotic events, we ran a semiquantitative analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Carbon quantum dots were synthesized and were successfully employed for Cyt c detection by means of fluorescence microscopy. Significant drops in fluorescence intensity were observed in the case of cells treated with apoptosis-inducing therapeutic compounds compared to untreated cells, confirming Cyt c release from mitochondria to cytosol. CONCLUSION Considering these results, we strongly believe this method can contribute to an indirect in vitro evaluation of apoptosis.
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High-performance porphyrin-like graphene quantum dots for immuno-sensing of Salmonella typhi. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113334. [PMID: 34034211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary optical properties of porphyrins have inspired their applications in various fields. Herein, we introduce iron porphyrin bio-mimicked graphene quantum dots (Fe-N-GQDs) as a novel paramagnetic and fluorescent label. The Fe-N-GQD was prepared by the mechanochemical mixing of Fe, N, and C sources followed by pyrolysis at high-temperature and next, the solvothermal treatment was performed. The Fe-N sites in graphene matrix, the structural alterations during the solvothermal treatment, the optical properties, and paramagnetic behaviour were studied using FTIR, Raman and X-ray spectroscopies, and Vibrating sample magnetometer. The structural studies revealed that under solvothermal condition, Fe-N doped graphene sheets cut into ultra-small Fe-N-GQDs containing well-dispersed particles with an average diameter of about 2.5 nm. As a result of Fe-N doping, the photoluminescence quantum yield was enhanced to 86% and strong paramagnetic behaviour was observed. Due to the rich oxygen-containing groups at Fe-N-GQDs surface, it has proper sites for bio-conjugation. The bioconjugated Fe-N-GQDs serve as donors in a prominent fluorescence resonance energy transfer system, while graphene oxide acts as an acceptor. The proposed immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of Salmonella Typhi Vi antigen in real human serum in the concentration range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with the detection limit of 1 pg/mL.
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Ibrahim N, Jamaluddin ND, Tan LL, Mohd Yusof NY. A Review on the Development of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles-Based Biosensor as a Detection Strategy of Emerging and Pathogenic RNA Virus. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5114. [PMID: 34372350 PMCID: PMC8346961 DOI: 10.3390/s21155114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of highly pathogenic and deadly human coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV within the past two decades and currently SARS-CoV-2, have resulted in millions of human death across the world. In addition, other human viral diseases, such as mosquito borne-viral diseases and blood-borne viruses, also contribute to a higher risk of death in severe cases. To date, there is no specific drug or medicine available to cure these human viral diseases. Therefore, the early and rapid detection without compromising the test accuracy is required in order to provide a suitable treatment for the containment of the diseases. Recently, nanomaterials-based biosensors have attracted enormous interest due to their biological activities and unique sensing properties, which enable the detection of analytes such as nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), aptamers, and proteins in clinical samples. In addition, the advances of nanotechnologies also enable the development of miniaturized detection systems for point-of-care (POC) biosensors, which could be a new strategy for detecting human viral diseases. The detection of virus-specific genes by using single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes has become a particular interest due to their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to immunological methods based on antibody or antigen for early diagnosis of viral infection. Hence, this review has been developed to provide an overview of the current development of nanoparticles-based biosensors that target pathogenic RNA viruses, toward a robust and effective detection strategy of the existing or newly emerging human viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. This review emphasizes the nanoparticles-based biosensors developed using noble metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) by virtue of their powerful characteristics as a signal amplifier or enhancer in the detection of nucleic acid. In addition, this review provides a broad knowledge with respect to several analytical methods involved in the development of nanoparticles-based biosensors for the detection of viral nucleic acid using both optical and electrochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Ibrahim
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.); (N.D.J.)
| | - Nur Diyana Jamaluddin
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.); (N.D.J.)
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.); (N.D.J.)
| | - Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Li S, Zhang Z. Recent advances in the construction and analytical applications of carbon dots-based optical nanoassembly. Talanta 2021; 223:121691. [PMID: 33303144 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the construction and analytical applications of optical nanoassembly through combining carbon dots (CDs) with various other functional nanomaterials. The rational design and manufacture of CDs-based optical nanoassembly will be critical to meeting the needs of analytical science. The last decade has witnessed the immense potential of CDs-based optical nanoassembly in multiple sensing applications owing to their controlled optical properties, adjustable surface chemistry and microscopic morphology. This feature article collects the recent advances in the research and development of CDs-based optical nanoassembly and their applications in analytical sensors, aiming to provide vital insights and suggestions to inspire their broad sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiao Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ganji M, Dashtestani F, Neghab HK, Soheilifar MH, Hakimian F, Haghiralsadat F. Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated L-Lysine for Improving Cisplatin Delivery to Human Breast Cancer Cells. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:753-760. [PMID: 33272179 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666201203150931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nano drug delivery is a broad field of research on the development of novel nano- carrier systems for effective therapeutic delivery of drugs. Here, an anticancer drug, cisplatin (CDDP) conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) via L-Lysine (Lys) linker. METHODS The produced nanodrug (GNPs-Lys-CDDP) was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potentials and electron force microscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy of the GNPs-Lys-CDDP against human breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and normal cells (MCF- 10A) was evaluatedby MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and morphology changes were assessed by flowcytometery and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, respectively. RESULTS It was found that the GNPs-Lys-CDDP with a size of 85 nm and negatively charged with a zeta-potential of about -25 mV could be taken up by tumor cells. A marked change in the UV spectrum of GNPs-Lys-CDDP compare to GNPs showed a strong absorption shift in the 525 nm region. The LD 50 of GNPs-Lys-CDDP against SKBR3 (1 μg.mL -1), was found to be 8 times lower than that of naked CDDP against SKBR3 (8 μg.mL -1). The nanocomplex GNPs-Lys-CDDP also significantly increased the apoptosis of SKBR3 with the lowest cytotoxic effects on normal cells. DISCUSSION This work indicates that GNPs effectively could decrease the lethal dose of CDDP to 87%. Hence, GNPs modified by Lys, could be a good nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ganji
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Taft, Iran
| | - Fariba Dashtestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Hakimian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Preparation, surface functionalization and application of Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 281:102165. [PMID: 32361408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent developments in the preparation, surface functionalization, and applications of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Especially, it includes preparation methods (such as electrodeposition, polyol methods, etc.), organic materials (such as polymers, small molecules, surfactants, biomolecules, etc.) or inorganic materials (such as silica, metals, and metal oxidation/sulfide, functionalized coating of carbon surface, graphene, etc.) and its applications (such as magnetic separation, protein fixation, magnetic catalyst, environmental treatment, medical research, etc.). In the end, some existing challenges and possible future trends in the field were discussed.
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Mozhgani SH, Kermani HA, Norouzi M, Arabi M, Soltani S. Nanotechnology based strategies for HIV-1 and HTLV-1 retroviruses gene detection. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04048. [PMID: 32490248 PMCID: PMC7260287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of retroviruses including human T-cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus in the human body is indispensable to prevent retroviral infection propagation and improve clinical treatment. Until now, diverse techniques have been employed for the early detection of viruses. Traditional methods are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and laborious performing. Therefore, designing and constructing a selective and sensitive diagnosis system to detect serious diseases is highly demanded. Genetic detection with high sensitivity has striking significance for the early detection and remedy of disparate pathogenic diseases. The nucleic acid biosensors are based on the identification of specific DNA sequences in biological samples. Nanotechnology has an important impact on the development of sensitive biosensors. Different kinds of nanomaterials include nanoparticles, nanoclusters, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, etc., with different properties have been used to improve the performance of biosensors. Recently, DNA nanobiosensors are developed to provide simple, fast, selective, low-cost, and sensitive detection of infectious diseases. In this paper, the research progresses of nano genosensors for the detection of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 viruses, based on electrochemical, optical, and photoelectrochemical platforms are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadzade Kermani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arabi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gulati P, Mishra P, Khanuja M, Narang J, Islam S. Nano-moles detection of tumor specific biomarker DNA for colorectal cancer detection using vertically aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes based flexible electrodes. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Keshmiri Neghab H, Azadeh SS, Soheilifar MH, Dashtestani F. Nanoformulation-Based Antiviral Combination Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:255-256. [PMID: 33014319 PMCID: PMC7502165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Azadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fariba Dashtestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fariba Dashtestani, Ph.D., Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, E-mail:
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Abstract
In recent years, various reports related to sensing application research have suggested that combining the synergistic impacts of optical, electrical or magnetic properties in a single technique can lead to a new multitasking platform. Owing to their unique features of the magnetic moment, biocompatibility, ease of surface modification, chemical stability, high surface area, high mass transference, magnetic nanoparticles have found a wide range of applications in various fields, especially in sensing systems. The present review is comprehensive information about magnetic nanoparticles utilized in the optical sensing platform, broadly categorized into four types: surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging (NIRS) that are commonly used in various (bio) analytical applications. The review also includes some conclusions on the state of the art in this field and future aspects.
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