1
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Damideh V, Btaiche JC, Ho A, Spielman RB, Lehr JM, Mehlhorn TA, Hassen I, Akoulov A, Aranfar E, McDonald A, Tochon P, Choudhury A, Beaulieu E, Tan HX, Yu A, Faliero S, Tetreault R, Breault G, Tetreault R, Hosseiny N, Smith E. Experimental results of a 330 GW impedance-matched Marx generator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16889. [PMID: 39043727 PMCID: PMC11266602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Impedance-matched Marx generators (IMGs) are considered next generation pulsed-power drivers because of their long lifetime (> 10,000 shots), repetition rate (> 0.1-Hz), fast rise time (~ 100-ns), and high-energy-delivery efficiency (~ 90%). "TITAN" is a 14-stage IMG designed to deliver 1-TW to a 2-Ω matched load. In this paper, design, simulation, and experimental results for six stages of TITAN including its triggering system, air delivery system, and pulse shaping are presented. To achieve efficiency over 85% and maximize the capability of an IMG, synchronized triggering, reduced pre-fire rate, and pulse shaping ability are crucial. In this paper, novel engineering solutions are introduced, tested, and proven to overcome those challenges. 6-stage TITAN, powered by 102 identical bricks and 102 field-distortion-triggered gas switches, could generate ~ 600-kA and ~ 700-kV across a ~ 0.9-Ω matched load when fully charged to ± 100-kV. In these experiments, 6-stage TITAN is tested up to ± 70-kV charge voltage which delivers a peak power of 330-GW to a 1.2-Ω resistive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Damideh
- Fuse Energy Technologies Corp., San Leandro, CA, USA.
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada.
| | - J C Btaiche
- Fuse Energy Technologies Corp., San Leandro, CA, USA
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Ho
- Fuse Energy Technologies Corp., San Leandro, CA, USA
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | - R B Spielman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane M Lehr
- Fuse Energy Technologies Corp., San Leandro, CA, USA
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Fuse Energy Technologies Corp., San Leandro, CA, USA
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isaac Hassen
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | | | - Elahe Aranfar
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | - Alex McDonald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Pierre Tochon
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Hao Xian Tan
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | - Anson Yu
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Gael Breault
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Edward Smith
- Fuse Energy Technologies Inc., Napierville, QC, Canada
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2
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Xu H, Wen S, Si H, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Yi S, Wang Z. Direct multiple monochromatic x-ray imaging with a pinhole array and a laterally graded multilayer mirror. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:063504. [PMID: 38904544 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple monochromatic x-ray imaging (MMI) is a technique for diagnosing the emission spectra of tracer elements in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments. This study proposes an MMI method that combines a simple pinhole array with a laterally graded multilayer mirror. The method directly obtains multiple monochromatic x-ray images by regulating the multilayer thickness in different mirror positions to compensate for the energy-broadening effect. This paper presents a comprehensive design scheme, the multilayer fabrication and experimental verification of the gradient MMI imaging performance. The experimental results show that the method achieves monochromatic imaging with a spectral resolution of ∼70-90 eV in several keV energy regions. This paper presents a practical diagnostic approach for directly and synchronously capturing the spatial, temporal, and spectral information of laser plasma x rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shengyou Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoxuan Si
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang 21900, China
| | - Shengzhen Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Bai X, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu C. Bifocal photon sieve imaging in the hard x-ray region. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1713-1716. [PMID: 38560844 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Hard x-rays are widely used for plasma diagnosis, nondestructive inspection, and high-resolution x-ray imaging. A typical x-ray source is a tabletop micro-focus x-ray source. Here, a bifocal photon sieve (PS) with the smallest diameter of 59.6 nm was designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography to focus hard x-rays on variable-resolution array images. An imaging experiment at 8.39 keV demonstrates that the designed and fabricated PS has two different focal lengths. The numerous pinholes that can be optimized provide richer degrees of freedom to realize considerably more functionalities. A multi-focal PS provides the possibility of splitting x-rays and further extends interferometry from visible light to hard x-rays.
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4
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Vincenti MA, Montereali RM, Bonfigli F, Nichelatti E, Nigro V, Piccinini M, Koenig M, Mabey P, Rigon G, Dabrowski HJ, Benkadoum Y, Mercere P, Da Silva P, Pikuz T, Ozaki N, Makarov S, Pikuz S, Albertazzi B. Advanced spectroscopic investigation of colour centres in LiF crystals irradiated with monochromatic hard x-rays. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:205701. [PMID: 38330460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nominally-pure lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals were irradiated with monochromatic hard x-rays of energy 5, 7, 9 and 12 keV at the METROLOGIE beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, in order to understand the role of the selected x-ray energy on their visible photoluminescence (PL) response, which is used for high spatial resolution 2D x-ray imaging detectors characterized by a wide dynamic range. At the energies of 7 and 12 keV the irradiations were performed at five different doses corresponding to five uniformly irradiated areas, while at 5 and 9 keV only two irradiations at two different doses were carried out. The doses were planned in a range between 4 and 1.4 × 103Gy (10.5 mJ cm-3to 3.7 J cm-3), depending on the x-ray energy. After irradiation at the energies of 7 and 12 keV, the spectrally-integrated visible PL intensity of the F2and F3+colour centres (CCs) generated in the LiF crystals, carefully measured by fluorescence microscopy under blue excitation, exhibits a linear dependence on the irradiation dose in the investigated dose range. This linear behaviour was confirmed by the optical absorption spectra of the irradiated spots, which shows a similar linear behaviour for both the F2and F3+CCs, as derived from their overlapping absorption band at around 450 nm. At the highest x-ray energy, the average concentrations of the radiation-induced F, F2and F3+CCs were also estimated. The volume distributions of F2defects in the crystals irradiated with 5 and 9 keV x-rays were reconstructed in 3D by measuring their PL signal using a confocal laser scanning microscope operating in fluorescence mode. On-going investigations are focusing on the results obtained through thisz-scanning technique to explore the potential impact of absorption effects at the excitation laser wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vincenti
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - R M Montereali
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - F Bonfigli
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - E Nichelatti
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - M Piccinini
- Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Rigon
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - H J Dabrowski
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Y Benkadoum
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Mercere
- SOLEIL synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Saint Aubin, France
| | - P Da Silva
- SOLEIL synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Saint Aubin, France
| | - T Pikuz
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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5
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Katagiri K, Pikuz T, Fang L, Albertazzi B, Egashira S, Inubushi Y, Kamimura G, Kodama R, Koenig M, Kozioziemski B, Masaoka G, Miyanishi K, Nakamura H, Ota M, Rigon G, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Schoofs F, Smith ZJ, Sueda K, Togashi T, Vinci T, Wang Y, Yabashi M, Yabuuchi T, Dresselhaus-Marais LE, Ozaki N. Transonic dislocation propagation in diamond. Science 2023; 382:69-72. [PMID: 37796999 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The motion of line defects (dislocations) has been studied for more than 60 years, but the maximum speed at which they can move is unresolved. Recent models and atomistic simulations predict the existence of a limiting velocity of dislocation motion between the transonic and subsonic ranges at which the self-energy of dislocation diverges, though they do not deny the possibility of the transonic dislocations. We used femtosecond x-ray radiography to track ultrafast dislocation motion in shock-compressed single-crystal diamond. By visualizing stacking faults extending faster than the slowest sound wave speed of diamond, we show the evidence of partial dislocations at their leading edge moving transonically. Understanding the upper limit of dislocation mobility in crystals is essential to accurately model, predict, and control the mechanical properties of materials under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Katagiri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tatiana Pikuz
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research in Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Shunsuke Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Genki Kamimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research in Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michel Koenig
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | | | - Gooru Masaoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gabriel Rigon
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Frank Schoofs
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
| | - Zoe J Smith
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tommaso Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Leora E Dresselhaus-Marais
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Wadas MJ, Khieu LH, Cearley GS, LeFevre HJ, Kuranz CC, Johnsen E. Saturation of Vortex Rings Ejected from Shock-Accelerated Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:194001. [PMID: 37243640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.194001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Structures evoking vortex rings can be discerned in shock-accelerated flows ranging from astrophysics to inertial confinement fusion. By constructing an analogy between vortex rings produced in conventional propulsion systems and rings generated by a shock impinging upon a high-aspect-ratio protrusion along a material interface, we extend classical, constant-density vortex-ring theory to compressible multifluid flows. We further demonstrate saturation of such vortex rings as the protrusion aspect ratio is increased, thus explaining morphological differences observed in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loc H Khieu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric Johnsen
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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7
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Rigon G, Albertazzi B, Pikuz T, Mabey P, Bouffetier V, Ozaki N, Vinci T, Barbato F, Falize E, Inubushi Y, Kamimura N, Katagiri K, Makarov S, Manuel MJE, Miyanishi K, Pikuz S, Poujade O, Sueda K, Togashi T, Umeda Y, Yabashi M, Yabuuchi T, Gregori G, Kodama R, Casner A, Koenig M. Micron-scale phenomena observed in a turbulent laser-produced plasma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2679. [PMID: 33976145 PMCID: PMC8113596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Turbulence is ubiquitous in the universe and in fluid dynamics. It influences a wide range of high energy density systems, from inertial confinement fusion to astrophysical-object evolution. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial, however, due to limitations in experimental and numerical methods in plasma systems, a complete description of the turbulent spectrum is still lacking. Here, we present the measurement of a turbulent spectrum down to micron scale in a laser-plasma experiment. We use an experimental platform, which couples a high power optical laser, an x-ray free-electron laser and a lithium fluoride crystal, to study the dynamics of a plasma flow with micrometric resolution (~1μm) over a large field of view (>1 mm2). After the evolution of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable system, we obtain spectra, which are overall consistent with existing turbulent theory, but present unexpected features. This work paves the way towards a better understanding of numerous systems, as it allows the direct comparison of experimental results, theory and numerical simulations. Turbulence effects explored use macroscale systems in general. Here the authors generate a turbulent plasma using laser irradiation of a solid target and study the dynamics of the plasma flow at the micron-scale by using scattering of an XFEL beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rigon
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - T Pikuz
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Mabey
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - V Bouffetier
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - F Barbato
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | | | - Y Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - N Kamimura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Katagiri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physics of accelerators and radiation medicine, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, Inertial Fusion Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University 'MEPhi', Moscow, Russia
| | - O Poujade
- CEA-DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - K Sueda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Y Umeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Tottori, Japan
| | - M Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, Talence, France.,CEA-CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablières, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Casner A. Recent progress in quantifying hydrodynamics instabilities and turbulence in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density experiments. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200021. [PMID: 33280557 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal paper of Nuckolls triggering the quest of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) with lasers, hydrodynamic instabilities have been recognized as one of the principal hurdles towards ignition. This remains true nowadays for both main approaches (indirect drive and direct drive), despite the advent of MJ scale lasers with tremendous technological capabilities. From a fundamental science perspective, these gigantic laser facilities enable also the possibility to create dense plasma flows evolving towards turbulence, being magnetized or not. We review the state of the art of nonlinear hydrodynamics and turbulent experiments, simulations and theory in ICF and high-energy-density plasmas and draw perspectives towards in-depth understanding and control of these fascinating phenomena. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
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9
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Makarov S, Pikuz S, Ryazantsev S, Pikuz T, Buzmakov A, Rose M, Lazarev S, Senkbeil T, von Gundlach A, Stuhr S, Rumancev C, Dzhigaev D, Skopintsev P, Zaluzhnyy I, Viefhaus J, Rosenhahn A, Kodama R, Vartanyants IA. Soft X-ray diffraction patterns measured by a LiF detector with sub-micrometre resolution and an ultimate dynamic range. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:625-632. [PMID: 32381762 PMCID: PMC7285683 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unique diagnostic possibilities of X-ray diffraction, small X-ray scattering and phase-contrast imaging techniques applied with high-intensity coherent X-ray synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser radiation can only be fully realized if a sufficient dynamic range and/or spatial resolution of the detector is available. In this work, it is demonstrated that the use of lithium fluoride (LiF) as a photoluminescence (PL) imaging detector allows measuring of an X-ray diffraction image with a dynamic range of ∼107 within the sub-micrometre spatial resolution. At the PETRA III facility, the diffraction pattern created behind a circular aperture with a diameter of 5 µm irradiated by a beam with a photon energy of 500 eV was recorded on a LiF crystal. In the diffraction pattern, the accumulated dose was varied from 1.7 × 105 J cm-3 in the central maximum to 2 × 10-2 J cm-3 in the 16th maximum of diffraction fringes. The period of the last fringe was measured with 0.8 µm width. The PL response of the LiF crystal being used as a detector on the irradiation dose of 500 eV photons was evaluated. For the particular model of laser-scanning confocal microscope Carl Zeiss LSM700, used for the readout of the PL signal, the calibration dependencies on the intensity of photopumping (excitation) radiation (λ = 488 nm) and the gain have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ryazantsev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Street 13 Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alexey Buzmakov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Centre – Crystallography and Photonics, Leninskii pr-t 59, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Max Rose
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Tobias Senkbeil
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Andreas von Gundlach
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Susan Stuhr
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Christoph Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dzhigaev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petr Skopintsev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Ivan Zaluzhnyy
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitatsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ivan A. Vartanyants
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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10
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Rigon G, Casner A, Albertazzi B, Michel T, Mabey P, Falize E, Ballet J, Van Box Som L, Pikuz S, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Ozaki N, Kuramitsu Y, Valdivia MP, Tzeferacos P, Lamb D, Koenig M. Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments on the LULI2000 laser in scaled conditions for young supernova remnants. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:021201. [PMID: 31574771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a platform developed on the LULI2000 laser facility to investigate the evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in scaled conditions relevant to young supernova remnants (SNRs) up to 200 years. An RT unstable interface is imaged with a short-pulse laser-driven (PICO2000) x-ray source, providing an unprecedented simultaneous high spatial (24μm) and temporal (10 ps) resolution. This experiment provides relevant data to compare with astrophysical codes, as observational data on the development of RTI at the early stage of the SNR expansion are missing. A comparison is also performed with FLASH radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | | | | | - E Falize
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J Ballet
- AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University "MEPhi," Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - A Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M P Valdivia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - P Tzeferacos
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - D Lamb
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Koenig
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Mabey P, Albertazzi B, Michel T, Rigon G, Makarov S, Ozaki N, Matsuoka T, Pikuz S, Pikuz T, Koenig M. Characterization of high spatial resolution lithium fluoride X-ray detectors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:063702. [PMID: 31255030 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response of lithium fluoride (LiF) crystal detectors to monochromatic X-rays is measured in the multi-kilo-electron-volt range. This response, as a function of the X-ray dose, is independent of photon energy with no saturation level found. The response, as a function of the incident energy flux, is found to increase for photons of lower energy due to the differing attenuation lengths of X-ray photons within the crystal. Small differences are seen between different confocal microscopes used to scan the data, suggesting the need for absolute calibration. The spatial resolution of the LiF is also measured (1.19-1.36 μm) and is found to be independent of incident photon energy. Finally, a photometric study is performed in order to assess the feasibility of using these detectors at current X-ray free electron laser and laser facilities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mabey
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Th Michel
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - G Rigon
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Matsuoka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - T Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - M Koenig
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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