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Ishizuka M, Toda M, Kuramoto J, Aun Y, Shr KPP, Shin T. Domestic and export markets for Myanmar tiger grass brooms: A case study of Taunggya Village, Shan State. TROPICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.sint05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miki Toda
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Junki Kuramoto
- Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center
| | - Yelwin Aun
- Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
| | - Khin Pa Pa Shr
- Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
| | - Thant Shin
- Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
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2
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Fotso Kuate A, Hanna R, Nanga SN, Tindo M, Doumtsop Fotio ARP, Nagel P. Species Richness, Density, Activity, and Composition of Ground-dwelling Ants in the Humid Forest Zone of Southern Cameroon: Role of Vegetation Cover and Abiotic Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:1150-1157. [PMID: 36367581 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of natural habitats is among the major factors responsible for the decrease in species diversity and distribution. This study focused on the effect of vegetation and its interaction with the season on ant species richness, density, activity, and composition in the three dominant habitats - forest, fallow, and mixed crop field - prevailing in southern Cameroon. Ants were sampled using two sampling techniques -pitfall trap and quadrat - in fallows, forest, and mixed crop fields from May 2007 to April 2008. Average ant species richness did not differ between fallow and forest, but the number of species in both habitats was higher compared with mixed-crop field. Species richness was also higher during the short dry season compared with other seasons. Species density was higher in mixed-crop field and in the long dry season. Species activity was similar in the three habitats, but it was higher during the long-wet season. Species richness, activity, and density were lower at low altitude. Vegetation and season affected the composition of ant species, but not the interaction between the two factors. The highest dissimilarity index was observed between mixed crop-field and forest while between seasons, it was between the short-wet and the long dry season. These results suggest that vegetation cover and abiotic factors interact to determine the distribution, density, activity, and composition of ant species. Identifying key drivers among environmental factors could help to understand the response of species to the variation of those factors in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fotso Kuate
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - R Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, USA
| | - S N Nanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - M Tindo
- University of Douala, Faculty of Science, BP 24157 Douala, Cameroon
| | - A R P Doumtsop Fotio
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon
- University of Maroua, Faculty of Science, BP 814 Maroua, Cameroon
| | - P Nagel
- University of Basel, Faculty of Science, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Tan YL, Yiew TH, Lau LS, Tan AL. Environmental Kuznets curve for biodiversity loss: evidence from South and Southeast Asian countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64004-64021. [PMID: 35467185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the income-biodiversity loss nexus in South and Southeast Asian countries covering the period between 2013 and 2019. Negative Binomial regression models are used to deal with the count regressand variable with specific emphasis on different taxonomic groups of threatened species, namely, mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, mollusk, other invertebrate, plant, and total threatened species. We find strong support of an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and biodiversity loss in all taxonomic groups of threatened species examined. Additionally, agricultural land has a significant and positive effect on biodiversity loss. Control of corruption and biodiversity loss are found to be negatively associated. The inverted U-shaped EKC suggests that South and Southeast Asian countries are required to identify policy priority areas that could achieve robust economic growth while reducing biodiversity loss. Our findings also provide valuable policy insights to assist the policy makers to better cope with the problem of biodiversity loss via corruption control and agricultural land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Tan
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor Kampus Segamat, Segamat, Malaysia.
| | - Thian-Hee Yiew
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Lin-Sea Lau
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Lian Tan
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
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Integrating Pixels, People, and Political Economy to Understand the Role of Armed Conflict and Geopolitics in Driving Deforestation: The Case of Myanmar. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13224589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Armed conflict and geopolitics are a driving force of Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC), but with considerable variation in deforestation trends between broader and finer scales of analysis. Remotely-sensed annual deforestation rates from 1989 to 2018 are presented at the national and (sub-) regional scales for Kachin State in the north of Myanmar and in Kayin State and Tanintharyi Region in the southeast. We pair our multiscaled remote sensing analysis with our multisited political ecology approach where we conducted field-based interviews in study sites between 2018 and 2020. Our integrated analysis identified three common periods of deforestation spikes at the national and state/region level, but with some notable disparities between regions as well as across and within townships and village tracts. We found the rate and geography of deforestation were most influenced by the territorial jurisdictions of armed authorities, national political economic reforms and timber regulations, and proximity to national borders and their respective geopolitical relations. The absence or presence of ceasefires in the north and southeast did not solely explain deforestation patterns. Rather than consider ceasefire or war as a singular explanatory variable effecting forest cover change, we demonstrate the need to analyze armed conflict as a dynamic multisited and diffuse phenomenon, which is simultaneously integrated into broader political economy and geopolitical forces.
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Reddington CL, Conibear L, Robinson S, Knote C, Arnold SR, Spracklen DV. Air Pollution From Forest and Vegetation Fires in Southeast Asia Disproportionately Impacts the Poor. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000418. [PMID: 34485798 PMCID: PMC8411873 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Forest and vegetation fires, used as tools for agriculture and deforestation, are a major source of air pollutants and can cause serious air quality issues in many parts of Asia. Actions to reduce fire may offer considerable, yet largely unrecognized, options for rapid improvements in air quality. In this study, we used a combination of regional and global air quality models and observations to examine the impact of forest and vegetation fires on air quality degradation and public health in Southeast Asia (including Mainland Southeast Asia and south-eastern China). We found that eliminating fire could substantially improve regional air quality across Southeast Asia by reducing the population exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations by 7% and surface ozone concentrations by 5%. These reductions in PM2.5 exposures would yield a considerable public health benefit across the region; averting 59,000 (95% uncertainty interval (95UI): 55,200-62,900) premature deaths annually. Analysis of subnational infant mortality rate data and PM2.5 exposure suggested that PM2.5 from fires disproportionately impacts poorer populations across Southeast Asia. We identified two key regions in northern Laos and western Myanmar where particularly high levels of poverty coincide with exposure to relatively high levels of PM2.5 from fires. Our results show that reducing forest and vegetation fires should be a public health priority for the Southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L. Reddington
- School of Earth and EnvironmentInstitute for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Luke Conibear
- School of Earth and EnvironmentInstitute for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- School of Earth and EnvironmentInstitute for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Christoph Knote
- Model‐Based Environmental Exposure ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Stephen R. Arnold
- School of Earth and EnvironmentInstitute for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Dominick V. Spracklen
- School of Earth and EnvironmentInstitute for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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Sreekar R, Si X, Sam K, Liu J, Dayananda S, Goodale U, Kotagama S, Goodale E. Land use and elevation interact to shape bird functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure: Implications for designing optimal agriculture landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Katerina Sam
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning China
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka Department of Zoology University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Uromi Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning China
- Seed Conservation Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of Nature Gland Switzerland
| | - Sarath Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka Department of Zoology University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning China
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Xu J, Gao J, de Holanda HV, Rodríguez LF, Caixeta-Filho JV, Zhong R, Jiang H, Li H, Du Z, Wang X, Wang S, Ting KC, Ying Y, Lin T. Double cropping and cropland expansion boost grain production in Brazil. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:264-273. [PMID: 37118463 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian grain production increased more than fourfold from 1980 to 2016. The grain boom was achieved primarily by soybean-corn double cropping and cropland expansion-both show changing spatiotemporal patterns since the 1980s. Here, we quantified the contributions of these two strategies to corn and soybean production in Brazil using municipality-level data from 1980 to 2016. We found the contribution of double cropping to the grain boom steadily increased to 35% and the largest driving force was the increasing demand for grain export. While double cropping dominated the conventional agricultural regions, cropland expansion was still the major strategy in agricultural frontiers such as the Centre-West and Matopiba. The implementation of double cropping offset the equivalent of 76.7 million ha of Brazilian arable land for grain production from 2003 to 2016. Double cropping in Brazil has the potential to help alleviate land burdens in other pantropical countries with increasing global food demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Geography & Data Science Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Luis F Rodríguez
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - José Vicente Caixeta-Filho
- Department of Economics, Management and Sociology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renhai Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhong Du
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K C Ting
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Haemosporidians May Vary with Anthropogenic Disturbance in Tropical Habitats in Myanmar. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian malaria and related haemosporidians (genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon) infect most clades of bird. Although these parasites are present in almost all continents, they have been irregularly studied across different geographical regions. Despite the high bird diversity in Asia, the diversity of avian haemosporidians in this region is largely unknown. Moreover, anthropogenic changes to habitats in tropical regions may have a profound impact on the overall composition of haemosporidian communities. Here we analyzed the diversity and host association of bird haemosporidians from areas with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance in Myanmar, revealing an unexplored diversity of these parasites (27% of newly-discovered haemosporidian lineages, and 64% of new records of host–parasite assemblages) in these tropical environments. This newly discovered diversity will be valuable for detecting host range and transmission areas of haemosporidian parasites. We also found slightly higher haemosporidian prevalence and diversity in birds from paddy fields than in individuals from urban areas and hills, thus implying that human alteration of natural environments may affect the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. These outcomes provide valuable insights for biodiversity conservation management in threatened tropical ecosystems.
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Abstract
Protected areas are the backbone of biodiversity conservation but are fixed in space and vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Myanmar is exceptionally rich in biodiversity but has a small protected area system. This study aimed to assess the potential vulnerability of this system to climate change. In the absence of good biodiversity data, we used a spatial modeling approach based on a statistically derived bioclimatic stratification (the Global Environmental Stratification, GEnS) to understand the spatial implications of projected climate change for Myanmar’s protected area system by 2050 and 2070. Nine bioclimatic zones and 41 strata were recognized in Myanmar, but their representation in the protected area system varied greatly, with the driest zones especially underrepresented. Under climate change, most zones will shift upslope, with some protected areas projected to change entirely to a new bioclimate. Potential impacts on biodiversity include mountaintop extinctions of species endemic to isolated peaks, loss of climate specialists from small protected areas and those with little elevational range, and woody encroachment into savannas and open forests as a result of both climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. Myanmar needs larger, better connected, and more representative protected areas, but political, social, and economic problems make this difficult.
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11
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Bolotov IN, Konopleva ES, Vikhrev IV, Lopes-Lima M, Bogan AE, Lunn Z, Chan N, Win T, Aksenova OV, Gofarov MY, Tomilova AA, Kondakov AV. Eight new freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from tropical Asia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12053. [PMID: 31427656 PMCID: PMC6700347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are sensitive to habitat and water quality, revealing the fastest rates of human-mediated global extinction among aquatic animals. These animals are especially diverse in tropical Asia, the faunas of which are characterized by high levels of endemism. Here we describe four new species and four new subspecies of freshwater mussels from Myanmar. Leoparreysia whittenisp. nov., the smallest representative of this genus, was discovered from the Ayeyarwady and Chindwin rivers. Radiatula myitthanensissp. nov. and R. chindwinensissp. nov. were recorded from the Chindwin Basin, and R. mouhoti haungthayawensisssp. nov. has been discovered from the Haungthayaw River. Indochinella pugio has been revised with a description of three subspecies: I. pugio viridissimassp. nov. from the Sittaung, Bilin and Bago rivers, I. pugio daweiensisssp. nov. from the Dawei River, and I. pugio paradoxassp. nov. from the Haungthayaw River. Yaukthwa elongatulasp. nov., a peculiar species, conchologically resembling representatives of the genus Solenaia (Gonideinae) with ultra-elongated shell was found in the Chindwin Basin. Our records highlight that tropical Asia harbors numerous, but still overlooked local endemic lineages of freshwater bivalves, which may be on the brink of extinction due to the high anthropogenic and climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Bolotov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation. .,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Ekaterina S Konopleva
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Vikhrev
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,SSC/IUCN - Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, c/o The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur E Bogan
- North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones St., Raleigh, NC, 27601, United States of America
| | - Zau Lunn
- Fauna & Flora International - Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nyein Chan
- Fauna & Flora International - Myanmar Program, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Than Win
- Department of Zoology, Hpa-An University, Hpa-An, Kayin State, Myanmar
| | - Olga V Aksenova
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu Gofarov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alena A Tomilova
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kondakov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation.,Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
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12
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Analysis of Forest Deforestation and its Driving Factors in Myanmar from 1988 to 2017. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myanmar, abundant in natural resources, is one of the countries with high forest cover in Southeast Asia. Along with its rapid socio-economic development, however, the construction of large-scale infrastructure, expansion of agricultural land, and an increasing demand for timber products have posed serious threats to the forests and significantly affected regional sustainable development. However, the geographical environment in Myanmar is complex, resulting in the lack of long-term sequence of land cover data products. Based on 30 years’ Landsat satellite remote sensing imagery data and the land cover data extracted by a mixed classification method, this paper examined the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of forest cover in Myanmar and investigated driving factors of the spatio-temporal evolution. Results show that the forest cover has decreased by 110,621 km2 in the past 30 years with the annual deforestation rate of 0.87%. Cropland expansion is the main reason for the deforestation throughout the study period. The study can provide basic information of the forest cover data to the Myanmar government for ecological environment protection. At the same time, it can provide important support to the “Belt and Road” initiative to invest in the region’s economy.
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