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Raman SNT, Zetner A, Hashem AM, Patel D, Wu J, Gravel C, Gao J, Zhang W, Pfeifle A, Tamming L, Parikh K, Cao J, Tam R, Safronetz D, Chen W, Johnston MJ, Wang L, Sauve S, Rosu-Myles M, Domselaar GV, Li X. Bivalent vaccines effectively protect mice against influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2192821. [PMID: 36927227 PMCID: PMC10171128 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infections together contribute significantly to the burden of acute lower respiratory tract infections. Despite the disease burden, no approved RSV vaccine is available. While approved vaccines are available for influenza, seasonal vaccination is required to maintain protection. In addition to both being respiratory viruses, they follow a common seasonality, which warrants the necessity for a concerted vaccination approach. Here, we designed bivalent vaccines by utilizing highly conserved sequences, targeting both influenza A and RSV, as either a chimeric antigen or individual antigens separated by a ribosome skipping sequence. These vaccines were found to be effective in protecting the animals from challenge by either virus, with mechanisms of protection being substantially interrogated in this communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya N. Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adrian Zetner
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devina Patel
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Centre for Vaccines Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pfeifle
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Levi Tamming
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karan Parikh
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Roger Tam
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael J.W. Johnston
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Pastor Y, Ghazzaui N, Hammoudi A, Centlivre M, Cardinaud S, Levy Y. Refining the DC-targeting vaccination for preventing emerging infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949779. [PMID: 36016929 PMCID: PMC9396646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe, long-term, effective vaccines is still a challenge for many infectious diseases. Thus, the search of new vaccine strategies and production platforms that allow rapidly and effectively responding against emerging or reemerging pathogens has become a priority in the last years. Targeting the antigens directly to dendritic cells (DCs) has emerged as a new approach to enhance the immune response after vaccination. This strategy is based on the fusion of the antigens of choice to monoclonal antibodies directed against specific DC surface receptors such as CD40. Since time is essential, in silico approaches are of high interest to select the most immunogenic and conserved epitopes to improve the T- and B-cells responses. The purpose of this review is to present the advances in DC vaccination, with special focus on DC targeting vaccines and epitope mapping strategies and provide a new framework for improving vaccine responses against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Pastor
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Nour Ghazzaui
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Adele Hammoudi
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
- *Correspondence: Yves Levy,
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3
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Tamming LA, Duque D, Tran A, Zhang W, Pfeifle A, Laryea E, Wu J, Raman SNT, Gravel C, Russell MS, Hashem AM, Alsulaiman RM, Alhabbab RY, Gao J, Safronetz D, Cao J, Wang L, Chen W, Johnston MJW, Sauve S, Rosu-Myles M, Li X. DNA Based Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike-CD40L Fusion Protein Confers Protection Against Challenge in a Syrian Hamster Model. Front Immunol 2022; 12:785349. [PMID: 35095861 PMCID: PMC8789660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections present a tremendous threat to public health. Safe and efficacious vaccines are the most effective means in preventing the infections. A variety of vaccines have demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety around the globe. Yet, development of alternative forms of vaccines remains beneficial, particularly those with simpler production processes, less stringent storage conditions, and the capability of being used in heterologous prime/boost regimens which have shown improved efficacy against many diseases. Here we reported a novel DNA vaccine comprised of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fused with CD40 ligand (CD40L) serving as both a targeting ligand and molecular adjuvant. A single intramuscular injection in Syrian hamsters induced significant neutralizing antibodies 3-weeks after vaccination, with a boost substantially improving immune responses. Moreover, the vaccine also reduced weight loss and suppressed viral replication in the lungs and nasal turbinates of challenged animals. Finally, the incorporation of CD40L into the DNA vaccine was shown to reduce lung pathology more effectively than the DNA vaccine devoid of CD40L. These results collectively indicate that this DNA vaccine candidate could be further explored because of its efficacy and known safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi A. Tamming
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Duque
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anh Tran
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pfeifle
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Laryea
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sathya N. Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marsha S. Russell
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Y. Alhabbab
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Gao
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. W. Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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4
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Russell MS, Thulasi Raman SN, Gravel C, Zhang W, Pfeifle A, Chen W, Van Domselaar G, Safronetz D, Johnston M, Sauve S, Wang L, Rosu-Myles M, Cao J, Li X. Single Immunization of a Vaccine Vectored by a Novel Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Affords Effective Protection Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Cotton Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747866. [PMID: 34603336 PMCID: PMC8484905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections worldwide and disease management measures are hampered by the lack of a safe and effective vaccine against the infection. We constructed a novel recombinant RSV vaccine candidate based on a deletion mutant vaccinia virus platform, in that the host range genes E3L and K3L were deleted (designated as VACVΔE3LΔK3L) and a poxvirus K3L ortholog gene was used as a marker for the rapid and efficient selection of recombinant viruses. The safety of the modified vaccinia virus was investigated by intranasal administration of BALB/c mice with the modified vaccinia vector using a dose known to be lethal in the wild-type Western Reserve. Only a minor loss of body weight by less than 5% and mild pulmonary inflammation were observed, both of which were transient in nature following nasal administration of the high-dose modified vaccinia virus. In addition, the viruses were cleared from the lung in 2 days with no viral invasions of the brain and other vital organs. These results suggest that the virulence of the virus has been essentially abolished. We then investigated the efficiency of the vector for the delivery of vaccines against RSV through comparison with another RSV vaccine delivered by the widely used Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) backbone. In the cotton rats, we found a single intramuscular administration of VACVΔE3LΔK3L-vectored vaccine elicited immune responses and protection at a level comparable to the MVA-vectored vaccine against RSV infection. The distinct features of this novel VACV vector, such as an E3L deletion for attenuation and a K3L ortholog for positive selection and high efficiency for vaccine delivery, could provide unique advantages to the application of VACV as a platform for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha S Russell
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sathya N Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pfeifle
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- National Research Council of Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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de Alwis R, Chen S, Gan ES, Ooi EE. Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102768. [PMID: 32344202 PMCID: PMC7161485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named Covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. Global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe Covid-19 are thus urgently needed. A rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for Covid-19 is the use of convalescent plasma derived hyperimmune globulin. However, both hyperimmune globulin and vaccine development face a common hurdle - the risk of antibody-mediated disease enhancement. The goal of this review is to examine the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of immune enhancement that could be pertinent to Covid-19. We also discuss how this risk could be mitigated so that both hyperimmune globulin and vaccines could be rapidly translated to overcome the current global health crisis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Convalescence
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Global Health
- Host Microbial Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Macrophages/virology
- Models, Animal
- Monocytes/virology
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Plasma
- Plasmapheresis
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Internalization
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Development of a Combined Genetic Engineering Vaccine for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae by a Baculovirus Expression System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184425. [PMID: 31505747 PMCID: PMC6770761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the main pathogens for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respectively. Infection by these pathogens often happens together and causes great economic losses. In this study, a kind of recombinant baculovirus that can display P97R1P46P42 chimeric protein of Mhp and the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 was developed, and the protein location was identified. Another recombinant baculovirus was constructed without tag proteins (EGFP, mCherry) and was used to evaluate the immune effect in experiments with BALB/c mice and domestic piglets. Antigen proteins P97R1P46P42 and Cap were expressed successfully; both were anchored on the plasma membrane of cells and the viral envelope. It should be emphasized that in piglet immunization, the recombinant baculovirus vaccine achieved similar immunological effects as the mixed commercial vaccine. Both the piglet and mouse experiments showed that the recombinant baculovirus was able to induce humoral and cellular responses effectively. The results of this study indicate that this recombinant baculovirus is a potential candidate for the further development of more effective combined genetic engineering vaccines against MPS and PMWS. This experiment also provides ideas for vaccine development for other concomitant diseases using the baculovirus expression system.
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7
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Roe K, Shu GL, Draves KE, Giordano D, Pepper M, Clark EA. Targeting Antigens to CD180 but Not CD40 Programs Immature and Mature B Cell Subsets to Become Efficient APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1715-1729. [PMID: 31484732 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Ags to the CD180 receptor activates both B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) to become potent APCs. After inoculating mice with Ag conjugated to an anti-CD180 Ab, B cell receptors were rapidly internalized. Remarkably, all B cell subsets, including even transitional 1 B cells, were programed to process, present Ag, and stimulate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Within 24-48 hours, Ag-specific B cells were detectable at T-B borders in the spleen; there, they proliferated in a T cell-dependent manner and induced the maturation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Remarkably, immature B cells were sufficient for the maturation of TFH cells after CD180 targeting: TFH cells were induced in BAFFR-/- mice (with only transitional 1 B cells) and not in μMT mice (lacking all B cells) following CD180 targeting. Unlike CD180 targeting, CD40 targeting only induced DCs but not B cells to become APCs and thus failed to efficiently induce TFH cell maturation, resulting in slower and lower-affinity IgG Ab responses. CD180 targeting induces a unique program in Ag-specific B cells and to our knowledge, is a novel strategy to induce Ag presentation in both DCs and B cells, especially immature B cells and thus has the potential to produce a broad range of Ab specificities. This study highlights the ability of immature B cells to present Ag to and induce the maturation of cognate TFH cells, providing insights toward vaccination of mature B cell-deficient individuals and implications in treating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Roe
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Geraldine L Shu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kevin E Draves
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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