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Chidunchi I, Kulikov M, Sаfarov R, Kopishev E. Extraction of platinum group metals from catalytic converters. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25283. [PMID: 38327460 PMCID: PMC10847661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum group metals (PGMs) assume an important role within the chemistry and chemical engineering due to their exceptional chemical stability in high temperatures and various environmental conditions. Their unique attributes make them highly demanded materials across an array of industries. Nevertheless, the gradual depletion of PGM reserves underscores necessitates of recycling PGM-containing waste as a means to ensure the reasonable utilization of resources. Recycling of catalytic waste, in particular, presents a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach acquiring these metals, in contrast to the conventional practice of mining from natural ores. Of particular importance are spent automotive catalysts, which represent a valuable source of platinum group metals, featuring substantially higher PGM concentrations than their naturally occurring counterparts. Conventionally, the recovering of PGMs from waste materials predominantly employs hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. Unfortunately, these established techniques entail the utilization of potent oxidizing acidic solutions, including aqua regia and hydrochloric acid with chlorine gas, which exert adverse ecological consequences. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the development of alternative methodologies that are both environmentally friendly and economically viable for the recovery of PGMs from spent catalysts. Notable among these emerging techniques are solvometallurgy, molecular recognition technology, and magnetic separation. This comprehensive review endeavors to study and assess the latest advancements in the recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts, meticulously evaluating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Through an analysis, this review aspires to identify the most promising method - one that combines environmental friendliness and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Kulikov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Sаfarov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Eldar Kopishev
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- Bukhara State University, Bukhara, 200400, Uzbekistan
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Kancharla S, Sasaki K. Selective extraction of precious metals from simulated automotive catalyst waste and its conversion to carbon supported PdPt nanoparticle catalyst. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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3
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Zupanc A, Install J, Jereb M, Repo T. Sustainable and Selective Modern Methods of Noble Metal Recycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214453. [PMID: 36409274 PMCID: PMC10107291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Noble metals exhibit broad arrange of applications in industry and several aspects of human life which are becoming more and more prevalent in modern times. Due to their limited sources and constantly and consistently expanding demand, recycling of secondary and waste materials must accompany the traditional mineral extractions. This Minireview covers the most recent solvometallurgical developments in regeneration of Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, Ag and Au with emphasis on sustainability and selectivity. Processing-by selective oxidative dissolution, reductive precipitation, solvent extraction, co-precipitation, membrane transfer and trapping to solid media-of eligible multi-metal substrates for recycling from waste printed circuit boards to end-of-life automotive catalysts are discussed. Outlook for possible future direction for noble metal recycling is proposed with emphasis on sustainable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Zupanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joseph Install
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjan Jereb
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Islam A, Roy S, Teo SH, Khandaker S, Taufiq-Yap YH, Aziz AA, Monir MU, Rashid U, Vo DVN, Ibrahim ML, Znad H, Awual MR. Functional novel ligand based palladium(II) separation and recovery from e-waste using solvent-ligand approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li L, Xu C, Peng X, Zhang M, Zeb S, Jiang X, Liu Y, Cui Y, Sun G. Extraction and separation of Pd(II) by N, N'-diethyl-N, N'-dicyclohexylmalonamide in a nitric acid system. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Miniaturization of Anthracene-Containing Nonapeptides for Selective Precipitation/Recovery of Metallic Gold from Aqueous Solutions Containing Gold and Platinum Ions. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation and recovery of noble metals is increasingly of interest, in particular the recovery of gold nanocrystals, which have applications in medicine and industry. Typically, metal recovery is performed using liquid–liquid extraction or electrowinning. However, it is necessary to develop noble metal recovery systems providing high selectivity in conjunction with a one-pot setup, ready product recovery, and the use of dilute aqueous solutions. In prior work, our group developed a selective gold recovery process using peptides. This previous research showed that RU065, a nonapeptide containing an anthracene moiety (at a concentration of 2.0 × 10−4 M), is capable of selective reduction of HAuCl4 to recover gold from a solution of HAuCl4 and H2PtCl6, each at 5.0 × 10−5 M. However, peptide molecules are generally costly to synthesize, and therefore it is important to determine the minimum required structural features to design non-peptide anthracene derivatives that could reduce operational costs. In this study, we used RU065 together with 23 of its fragment peptides and investigated the selective precipitation/recovery of metallic gold. RU0654–8, a fragment peptide comprising five amino acid residues (having two lysine, one L-isoleusine, and one L-alanine residue (representing six amide groups) along with an L-2-anthrylalanine residue) provided an Au/Pt atomic ratio of approximately 8, which was comparable to that for the full-length original RU065. The structural features identified in this study are expected to contribute to the design of non-peptide anthracene derivatives for low-cost, one-pot selective gold recovery.
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Witt K, Kaczorowska MA, Bożejewicz D, Urbaniak W. Efficient Recovery of Noble Metal Ions (Pd 2+, Ag +, Pt 2+, and Au 3+) from Aqueous Solutions Using N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Extractant (Classic Solvent Extraction) and Carrier (Polymer Membranes). MEMBRANES 2021; 11:863. [PMID: 34832092 PMCID: PMC8625233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the first application of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) as an extractant in classical liquid-liquid extraction and as a carrier in membrane processes designed for the recovery of noble metal ions (Pd2+, Ag+, Pt2+, and Au3+) from aqueous solutions. In the case of the utilization of membranes, both sorption and desorption were investigated. Salen has not been used so far in the sorption processes of precious metal ions. Recovery experiments were performed on single-component solutions (containing only one type of metal ions) and polymetallic solutions (containing ions of all four metals). The stability constants of the obtained complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. In contrast, electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was applied to examine the elemental composition and charge of the generated complexes of chosen noble metal ions and salen molecules. The results show the great potential of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine as both an extractant and a carrier. In the case of single-component solutions, the extraction percentage was over 99% for all noble metal ions (molar ratio M:L of 1:1), and in the case of a polymetallic solution, it was the lowest, but over 94% for platinum ions and the highest value (over 99%) for gold ions. The percentages of sorption (%Rs) of metal ions from single-component solutions using polymer membranes containing N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine as a carrier were highest after 24 h of the process (93.23% for silver(I) ions, 74.99% for gold(III) ions, 69.11% and 66.13% for palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions, respectively), similar to the values obtained for the membrane process conducted in multi-metal solutions (92.96%, 84.26%, 80.94%, and 48.36% for Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), and Pt(II) ions, respectively). The percentage of desorption (%Rdes) was very high for single-component solutions (the highest, i.e., 99%, for palladium solution and the lowest, i.e., 88%, for silver solution), while for polymetallic solutions, these values were slightly lower (for Pt(II), it was the lowest at 63.25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Witt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Małgorzata A. Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Bożejewicz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Włodzimierz Urbaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, PL 61712 Poznań, Poland;
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The elimination of trace arsenic via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane: experiment and mathematical model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11790. [PMID: 34083723 PMCID: PMC8175572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the elimination of arsenic ions from synthetic produced water via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM). Results demonstrate that arsenic ions in synthetic wastewater can be successfully treated to meet the wastewater standard as formulated by the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand. The discharged limit of arsenic from industrial wastewater must not be greater than 250 ppb. In a single-step operation, arsenic ions are extracted and stripped. Percentages of extraction and stripping proved to be 100% and 98%, respectively. Optimum conditions found proved to be 0.68 M Aliquat 336 dissolved in toluene as the liquid membrane, at pH 12 of feed solution, having a mixture of HCl and thiourea as the synergistic strippant, and flow rates of both feed and strippant solutions of 100 mL/min. A mathematical model, developed to predict the final concentration of arsenic ions in feed and strippant solutions, is seen to fit in well with the experimental results.
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Improved precious metal adsorption by introduction of carboxylic acid groups on methylene crosslinked calix[4]arene resin matrix. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Muscetta M, Minichino N, Marotta R, Andreozzi R, Di Somma I. Zero-valent palladium dissolution using NaCl/CuCl 2 solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124184. [PMID: 33068996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pd, Rh, Pt are employed in a wide range of applications, such as catalytic converters, fuel cells and electronic devices. In the last years, an increasing pressure on their market was recorded due to a growing demand and limited resources. Therefore, the recovery of these materials from wastes represents an interesting goal to be achieved. The most widely proposed techniques for recovering the palladium from wastes are leaching and ion exchange. Strong oxidizers, acids and high temperature (343-363 K) are used for leaching, leading problems for the environment and the safety. In this work the attention was focused on a system containing zero-valent palladium nanoparticles in which the leaching is performed in mild acidic conditions, by using chloride solutions containing cupric ions (NaCl/CuCl2). The process was studied at varying temperature, pH, chloride and cupric ion concentrations. Good results were obtained at pH 5.0 and temperatures between 288 K and 333 K. The process is more acceptable than the traditional ones from a safety point of view being characterized by less severe conditions (pH and temperatures). A shrinking spherical particles model was adopted to analyse the experimental data from which a development under a kinetic control was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Muscetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei materiali e della produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Minichino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei materiali e della produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei materiali e della produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei materiali e della produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, p. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Somma
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IRC CNR, p. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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Recovery of Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) in Novel Extraction Systems. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020285. [PMID: 33429884 PMCID: PMC7827697 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from complex aqueous solutions generated as a result of leaching of various spent materials (e.g., spent automotive converters) is a vital issue in the context of the circular economy. In this study pyridinium derivatives containing an imidoamide or imine moiety (i.e., 3-[1-(2-ethylhexyloxyimine)methane]-1-propylpyridinium chloride, 3-[1-(decyloxyimine)methane]-1-propylpyridinium chloride, 3-[1-(decyloxyimine)ethane]-1-propylpyridinium chloride and 4-[1-amine(2-ethylhexyloxyimine)]-1-propylpyridinium chloride) are proposed as novel extractants for recovery of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) from model chloride aqueous solutions. The results of liquid-liquid extraction from one-component solutions of palladium(II) or platinum(IV) showed that quaternary pyridinium salts can be used as effective extractants for platinum metal ions. Moreover, PGM extraction from a two-component mixture proved no evident selectivity in the transfer of one of the metal ions to the organic phase. As the best extractant among the investigated ones, D3EI-PrCl (with straight alkyl chain at substituent) can be pointed out, however, problems with effective stripping or phase disengagement after stripping should be indicated as a drawback of the organic phases used. Further investigation should focus on the improvement of the organic phase properties (e.g., increase in hydrophobicity of the extractants and addition of an organic phase modifier) towards stripping efficiency.
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Zhang G, Zhang L, Wang Q, Guo J, Wei H, Yang Y. Extraction and separation of Pd( ii)/Pt( iv) by neutral sulfur-containing extractant from hydrochloric acid medium. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient extraction and separation of Pd(ii)/Pt(iv) by 2-mercaptobenzimidazole from hydrochloric acid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanju Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Wei
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Highly selective extraction of palladium from spent automotive catalyst acid leachate using novel alkylated dioxa-dithiacrown ether derivatives. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fajar ATN, Kubota F, Firmansyah ML, Goto M. Separation of Palladium(II) and Rhodium(III) Using a Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing a Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid Carrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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