1
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Zhang D, Gao H, Han C, Zeng G, Wu Q. An optimized impedance matching construction strategy: carbon nanofibers inlaid with Ni nanocrystals by electrospinning for high-performance microwave absorber. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20683-20690. [PMID: 38952935 PMCID: PMC11215500 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of electronic goods, solving electromagnetic pollution has become one of the new challenges. Higher requirements for microwave-absorbing materials (MAM) have emerged to address this issue. The composite of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and magnetic nanoparticles is the material that effectively absorbs microwaves. This paper fabricated Ni/C nanofibers using a combination of electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization. With 50 wt% paraffin wax, Ni/C nanofibers demonstrated optimal microwave absorption capabilities. With a thickness of 3 mm, the minimum RL value can reach -30.6 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.96 GHz. By encapsulating Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, the synergic interaction of dielectric and magnetic losses effectively meets the need for constant attenuation and impedance matching, and effectively improves microwave-absorbing properties. Hence, Ni/C nanofibers are promising for MAM application with excellent MA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Zhang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Heng Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Congai Han
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guoxun Zeng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qibai Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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2
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Hu B, Gai L, Liu Y, Wang P, Yu S, Zhu L, Han X, Du Y. State-of-the-art in carbides/carbon composites for electromagnetic wave absorption. iScience 2023; 26:107876. [PMID: 37767003 PMCID: PMC10520892 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) have made great progress in the past decades, and are playing an increasingly important role in radiation prevention and antiradar detection due to their essential attenuation toward incident EM wave. With the flourish of nanotechnology, the design of high-performance EWAMs is not just dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of single-component medium, but pays more attention to the synergistic effects from different components to generate rich loss mechanisms. Among various candidates, carbides and carbon materials are usually labeled with the features of chemical stability, low density, tunable dielectric property, and diversified morphology/microstructure, and thus the combination of carbides and carbon materials will be a promising way to acquire new EWAMs with good practical application prospects. In this review, we introduce EM loss mechanisms related to dielectric composites, and then highlight the state-of-the-art progress in carbides/carbon composites as high-performance EWAMs, including silicon carbide/carbon, MXene/carbon, molybdenum carbide/carbon, as well as some uncommon carbides/carbon composites and multicomponent composites. The critical information regarding composition optimization, structural engineering, performance reinforcement, and structure-function relationship are discussed in detail. In addition, some challenges and perspectives for the development of carbides/carbon composites are also proposed after comparing the performance of some representative composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lixue Gai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yonglei Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pan Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuping Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Zhu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xijiang Han
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yunchen Du
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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3
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Thambiliyagodage C, Usgodaarachchi L, Jayanetti M, Liyanaarachchi C, Kandanapitiye M, Vigneswaran S. Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activity of TiO 2-Fe 3C-Fe-Fe 3O 4/Graphitic Carbon Composites Fabricated by Catalytic Graphitization of Sucrose Using Natural Ilmenite. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25403-25421. [PMID: 35910103 PMCID: PMC9330088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dyes in wastewater are a serious problem that needs to be resolved. Adsorption coupled photocatalysis is an innovative technique used to remove dyes from contaminated water. Novel composites of TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4 dispersed on graphitic carbon were fabricated using natural ilmenite sand as the source of iron and titanium, and sucrose as the carbon source, which were available at no cost. Synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (DRS). Arrangement of nanoribbons of graphitic carbon with respect to the nanomaterials was observed in TEM images, revealing the occurrence of catalytic graphitization. Variations in the intensity ratio (I D/I G), L a and L D, calculated from data obtained from Raman spectroscopy suggested that the level of graphitization increased with an increased loading of the catalysts. SEM images show the immobilization of nanoplate microballs and nanoparticles on the graphitic carbon matrix. The catalyst surface consists of Fe3+ and Ti4+ as the metal species, with V, Mn, and Zr being the main impurities. According to DRS spectra, the synthesized composites absorb light in the visible region efficiently. Fabricated composites effectively adsorb methylene blue via π-π interactions, with the absorption capacities ranging from 21.18 to 45.87 mg/g. They were effective in photodegrading methylene blue under sunlight, where the rate constants varied in the 0.003-0.007 min-1 range. Photogenerated electrons produced by photocatalysts captured by graphitic carbon produce O2 •- radicals, while holes generate OH• radicals, which effectively degrade methylene blue molecules. TiO2-Fe3C-Fe-Fe3O4/graphitic carbon composites inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (69%) and Staphylococcus aureus (92%) under visible light. Synthesized novel composites using natural materials comprise an ecofriendly, cost-effective solution to remove dyes, and they were effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Thambiliyagodage
- Faculty
of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute
of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Leshan Usgodaarachchi
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Madara Jayanetti
- Faculty
of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute
of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamika Liyanaarachchi
- Faculty
of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute
of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Murthi Kandanapitiye
- Department
of Nano Science Technology, Wayamba University
of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya 60200, Sri Lanka
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Technology
Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
- Faculty
of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås 1430, Norway
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4
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Song Y, Yuan M, Su W, Guo D, Chen X, Sun G, Zhang W. Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Bimetal-Organic Framework Nanosheets as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7308-7317. [PMID: 35507543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have the potential to improve the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) with a large surface area and open catalytic active sites. To achieve high-efficiency electrocatalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, a moderate solvothermal method was evolved to synthesize a series of 2D MOFs on nickel foam (Ni-MOF/NF, NiCo-61-MOF/NF, NiCo-21-MOF/NF). As the electrocatalyst used for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, NiCo-61-MOF/NF presented a lower overpotential and superior chemical durability than other electrocatalysts; it only required a potential of ∼1.52 V (vs RHE) to reach 338.16 mA cm-2, with an oxidation efficiency of more than 86%. Besides, after continuous electrocatalysis for 20 000 s at 1.42 V (vs RHE), the current density of NiCo-61-MOF/NF nanosheets was still 38.67 mA cm-2 with 77.34% retention. This demonstrated that NiCo-61-MOF/NF nanosheet electrocatalysts had great potential for benzyl alcohol oxidation. From both the experimental and theoretical studies, it was discovered that NiCo-61-MOF/NF nanosheets have the highest electrocatalytic activity due to their distinctive ultrathin 2D structure, optimized electron structure, and more accessible active sites. This finding would pave a brand-new thought for the design of electrocatalysts with electrocatalytic activity for benzyl alcohol oxidation (EBO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Song
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenli Su
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Donghua Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Genban Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Nguyen ATN, Kim M, Shim JH. Controlled synthesis of trimetallic nitrogen-incorporated CoNiFe layered double hydroxide electrocatalysts for boosting the oxygen evolution reaction. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12891-12901. [PMID: 35496332 PMCID: PMC9044820 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-precious trimetallic electrocatalysts exhibiting high activity and stability is a promising strategy for fabricating efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, trimetallic nitrogen-incorporated CoNiFe (N–CoNiFe) was produced to solve the low OER efficiency using a facile co-precipitation method in the presence of ethanolamine (EA) ligands. A series of CoNiFe catalysts at different EA concentrations were also investigated to determine the effects of the ligand in the co-precipitation of a trimetallic system. The introduction of an optimized EA concentration (20 mM) improved the electrocatalytic performance of N–CoNiFe dramatically, with an overpotential of 318 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and a Tafel slope of 72.2 mV dec−1. In addition, N–CoNiFe shows high durability in the OER process with little change in the overpotential (ca. 16.0 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 after 2000 cycles, which was smaller than that for commercial Ir/C (38.0 mV). A trimetallic nitrogen-incorporated CoNiFe exhibited good catalytic properties toward the oxygen evolution reaction, e.g., high stability and low overpotential (318 mV at 10 mA cm−2).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
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6
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Liu X, Huang Y, Zhao X, Yan J, Zong M. Flexible N-doped carbon fibers decorated with Cu/Cu 2O particles for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:347-359. [PMID: 35219200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flexible N-doped carbon fibers decorated with Cu/Cu2O particles (NCF-Cu/Cu2O) are synthesized through electrospinning, preoxidation and carbonization processes in this work. The characterization results indicate that HKUST-1 is embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, and a special structure in which Cu/Cu2O particles are strung together by carbon fibers is formed after preoxidation and carbonization. NCF-Cu/Cu2O is mixed with paraffin in different mass ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) to study electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance at frequencies from 2.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz. When the filling ratio is 10%, the maximum reflection loss (RL) value is -50.54 dB at 14.16 GHz with a thickness of 2.4 mm, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) value reaches 7.2 GHz (10.8 ∼ 18.0 GHz) with a thickness of 2.6 mm. The NCF-Cu/Cu2O composite fibers exhibit strong absorption, broad bandwidth, low filling ratio and thin thickness, and the corresponding absorption mechanism is analyzed in detail. The excellent EM wave absorption performance is attributed to a suitable attenuation ability, good impedance matching, conductive loss, interfacial polarization, dipole polarization, multiple reflections and scattering. This work provides a research reference for the application of flexible carbon-based composite fibers in the field of EM wave absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ying Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Meng Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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7
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Moulefera I, Trabelsi M, Mamun A, Sabantina L. Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends-Current Trends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1071. [PMID: 33805323 PMCID: PMC8036826 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ecological issues have led to the search for new green materials from biomass as precursors for producing carbon materials (CNFs). Such green materials are more attractive than traditional petroleum-based materials, which are environmentally harmful and non-biodegradable. Biomass could be ideal precursors for nanofibers since they stem from renewable sources and are low-cost. Recently, many authors have focused intensively on nanofibers' production from biomass using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment, ultrasonication method, but only a few on electrospinning methods. Moreover, still few studies deal with the production of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass. This review focuses on the new developments and trends of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass and aims to fill this research gap. The review is focusing on recollecting the most recent investigations about the preparation of carbon nanofiber from biomass and biopolymers as precursors using electrospinning as the manufacturing method, and the most important applications, such as energy storage that include fuel cells, electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors, as well as wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marah Trabelsi
- Junior Research Group “Nanomaterials”, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.T.); (A.M.)
- Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Department of Materials Engineering, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Al Mamun
- Junior Research Group “Nanomaterials”, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Lilia Sabantina
- Junior Research Group “Nanomaterials”, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.T.); (A.M.)
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8
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Hou Y, Yang Y, Deng C, Li C, Wang CF. Implications from Broadband Microwave Absorption of Metal-Modified SiC Fiber Mats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31823-31829. [PMID: 32551495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical requirements for a broad bandwidth is vital for the design of high-efficiency microwave absorber. Our recent works on silicon carbide (SiC) fiber mats-based absorbers imply that metal modification (e.g., Fe or Hf) could benefit their bandwidth effectively. For verification, we fabricated a Co/SiC fiber mat via a similar electrospinning process and subsequent pyrolysis at 1400 °C in Ar atmosphere. The results indicate that after Co modification, the SiC fiber mats show elevated permittivity and tangent loss. With a proper amount of Co adding, the mats could exhibit a wide bandwidth of around 8 GHz (ranging from 10 to 18 GHz) for effective absorption (reflection loss (RL) less than -10 dB) at 2.8 mm thickness. This is similar to our previous findings, confirming that metal modification could be an effective approach to extend the bandwidth of SiC mat absorbers. Explanations can be found through theoretical analysis with the quarter wavelength (λ/4) cancellation theory. It suggests that the declining permittivity (with the increase of frequency) is the key to keep the wavelength in material (λm) nearly unchanged within a frequency range. As a result, in this range, λ/4 cancellation could still be satisfied without changing thickness, which could explain the reasons for the broad bandwidth of metal-modified SiC fiber mats. With this model, it is further predicted that the effective absorption bandwidth could be even extended to be around 12 GHz with appropriate tangent loss. It should be emphasized that the implications obtained in this study could also be applicable to other dielectric absorbers. The requirement of permittivity and the proposed approach could serve as guidelines to achieve a wide bandwidth on a dielectric absorber relying on the λ/4 cancellation principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chaoran Deng
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chaojiang Li
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
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9
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Vitamin Derived Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Water. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071686. [PMID: 32260368 PMCID: PMC7178648 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) that were prepared by simple microwave pyrolysis of Niacin (Vitamin B3) as noble metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported. Our newly developed technique has the distinct features of sustainable and widely available niacin as a bi-functional source of both carbon and nitrogen, whereas the iron catalyst is cheap and the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. The results of the electrochemical tests show that our newly developed iron impregnated NCNT anchored on reduced graphene substrate (Fe@NCNT-rGO) catalyst exhibit: a positive half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.75 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), four-electron pathway, and better methanol tolerance when compared to commercial 20% Pt/C. When applied as adsorbent for arsenic removal, our newly discovered NCNT-Fe illustrate the efficient and effective removal of arsenic across a wide range of pH values.
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10
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Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A. Conductive Electrospun Nanofiber Mats. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E152. [PMID: 31906159 PMCID: PMC6981781 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conductive nanofiber mats can be used in a broad variety of applications, such as electromagnetic shielding, sensors, multifunctional textile surfaces, organic photovoltaics, or biomedicine. While nanofibers or nanofiber from pure or blended polymers can in many cases unambiguously be prepared by electrospinning, creating conductive nanofibers is often more challenging. Integration of conductive nano-fillers often needs a calcination step to evaporate the non-conductive polymer matrix which is necessary for the electrospinning process, while conductive polymers have often relatively low molecular weights and are hard to dissolve in common solvents, both factors impeding spinning them solely and making a spinning agent necessary. On the other hand, conductive coatings may disturb the desired porous structure and possibly cause problems with biocompatibility or other necessary properties of the original nanofiber mats. Here we give an overview of the most recent developments in the growing field of conductive electrospun nanofiber mats, based on electrospinning blends of spinning agents with conductive polymers or nanoparticles, alternatively applying conductive coatings, and the possible applications of such conductive electrospun nanofiber mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Blachowicz
- Institute of Physics—Centre for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Yuan M, Wang R, Sun Z, Lin L, Yang H, Li H, Nan C, Sun G, Ma S. Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Ni-MOFs with Highly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance for Urea Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11449-11457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zemin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Han Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Caiyun Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Genban Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shulan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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12
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Abstract
Electrospinning can be used to produce nanofiber mats. One of the often used polymers for electrospinning is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), especially for the production of carbon nanofibers, but also for a diverse number of other applications. For some of these applications—e.g., creation of nano-filters—the dimensional stability of the nanofiber mats is crucial. While relaxation processes—especially dry, wet and washing relaxation—are well-known and often investigated for knitted fabrics, the dimensional stability of nanofiber mats has not yet been investigated. Here we report on the wet relaxation of PAN nanofiber mats, which are dependent on spinning and solution parameters such as: voltage, electrode distance, nanofiber mat thickness, and solid content in the solution. Our results show that wet relaxation has a significant effect on the samples, resulting in a dimensional change that has to be taken into account for nanofiber mats in wet applications. While the first and second soaking in pure water resulted in an increase of the nanofiber mat area up to approximately 5%, the dried sample, after the second soaking, conversely showed an area reduced by a maximum of 5%. For soaking in soap water, small areal decreases between approximately 1–4% were measured.
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13
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Döpke C, Grothe T, Steblinski P, Klöcker M, Sabantina L, Kosmalska D, Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A. Magnetic Nanofiber Mats for Data Storage and Transfer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E92. [PMID: 30642028 PMCID: PMC6359166 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber mats may serve as new hardware for neuromorphic computing. To enable data storage and transfer in them, they should be magnetic, possibly electrically conductive and able to respond to further external impulses. Here we report on creating magnetic nanofiber mats, consisting of magnetically doped polymer nanofibers for data transfer and polymer beads containing larger amounts of magnetic nanoparticles for storage purposes. Using magnetite and iron nickel oxide nanoparticles, a broad range of doping ratios could be electrospun with a needleless technique, resulting in magnetic nanofiber mats with varying morphologies and different amounts of magnetically doped beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Döpke
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Timo Grothe
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Pawel Steblinski
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Faculty of Electronics and Informatics, Koszalin University of Technology, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
| | - Michaela Klöcker
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lilia Sabantina
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Dorota Kosmalska
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Blachowicz
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, ITES, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany.
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