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Gelambi M, Whitehead SR. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Fruit Secondary Metabolites Alter Bat Nutrient Absorption. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01503-z. [PMID: 38758510 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The ecological interaction between fleshy fruits and frugivores is influenced by diverse mixtures of secondary metabolites that naturally occur in the fruit pulp. Although some fruit secondary metabolites have a primary role in defending the pulp against antagonistic frugivores, these metabolites also potentially affect mutualistic interactions. The physiological impact of these secondary metabolites on mutualistic frugivores remains largely unexplored. Using a mutualistic fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata), we showed that ingesting four secondary metabolites commonly found in plant tissues affects bat foraging behavior and induces changes in the fecal metabolome. Our behavioral trials showed that the metabolites tested typically deter bats. Our metabolomic surveys suggest that secondary metabolites alter, either by increasing or decreasing, the absorption of essential macronutrients. These behavioral and physiological effects vary based on the specific identity and concentration of the metabolite tested. Our results also suggest that a portion of the secondary metabolites consumed is excreted by the bat intact or slightly modified. By identifying key shifts in the fecal metabolome of a mutualistic frugivore caused by secondary metabolite consumption, this study improves our understanding of the effects of fruit chemistry on frugivore physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gelambi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Latham Hall RM 427, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
- La Selva Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia Province, Costa Rica.
| | - Susan R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Latham Hall RM 427, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- La Selva Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia Province, Costa Rica
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2
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Yang M, Qi X, Li N, Kaifi JT, Chen S, Wheeler AA, Kimchi ET, Ericsson AC, Rector RS, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Li G. Western diet contributes to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male mice via remodeling gut microbiota and increasing production of 2-oleoylglycerol. Nat Commun 2023; 14:228. [PMID: 36646715 PMCID: PMC9842745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between western diet and gut microbiota drives the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the specific microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis remain to be identified. Here, a choline-low high-fat and high-sugar diet, representing a typical western diet, named CL-HFS, successfully induces male mouse non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with some features of the human disease, such as hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Metataxonomic and metabolomic studies identify Blautia producta and 2-oleoylglycerol as clinically relevant bacterial and metabolic mediators contributing to CL-HFS-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In vivo studies validate that both Blautia producta and 2-oleoylglycerol promote liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in normal diet- or CL-HFS-fed mice. Cellular and molecular studies reveal that the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway mediates 2-oleoylglycerol-induced macrophage priming and subsequent hepatic stellate cell activation. These findings advance our understanding of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis and provide targets for developing microbiome/metabolite-based therapeutic strategies against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, China
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Shiyou Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Andrew A Wheeler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Tang Z, Song Z, Cao F, Shi X, Xie P, Wei P, Li M. Radix Angelica dahuricae extract ameliorates oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid signalling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154440. [PMID: 36162241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radix Angelica dahuricae (RAD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, displays a promising effect on alleviating lipid metabolism. However, the improvement of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia and the underlying mechanism are unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to study the effect of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and investigate the involvement of the gut microbiota and bile acid signalling in the protective effects. METHODS Bilateral ovariectomy was executed to establish an oestrogen deficiency model. Serum biochemical indexes, liver lipids, inflammatory cytokines and histomorphology were evaluated. Gut microbes were analysed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and serum bile acids were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and ultra-high-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis, metabolism and enterohepatic circulation in the liver and caecum was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results displayed that RAD administration markedly decreased body weight, TC and TG levels in the serum and liver, and hepatic steatosis and inflammation in OVX rats. RAD administration could significantly regulate the gut microbial composition, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, increasing the content of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and reestablishing the SCFA profile and bile acid metabolism profile in OVX rats. RAD administration could increase the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and cytochrome P450 7A1(CYP7A1) and regulate the gene expression of the related receptors as well as proteins in enterohepatic circulation. CONCLUSIONS RAD alleviated oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in OVX rats. Modulation of the gut microbiota composition and bile acid signalling may be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China.
| | - Yanru Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P R China.
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Fan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
| | - Xinbo Shi
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Pei Xie
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712083, P R China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P R China
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Exercise and/or Genistein Do Not Revert 24-Week High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Diversity Changes in Male C57BL/6J Adult Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112221. [PMID: 36363813 PMCID: PMC9693056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been hypothesized to be a potential mediator in the health benefits of exercise and diet. The current literature is focused on the prevention effects of exercise and diet and could benefit from exploring whether these treatments alone or combined can treat obesity via the gut microbiome. This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein, exercise, and their synergistic effect to revert diet-induced obesity and gut microbiota changes. A total of 57 male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 24 weeks of unpurified diet (chow) or a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD; 60% fat total energy). After the first 12 weeks, animals on the HFD were randomized into: HFD + chow, HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Exe), HFD + genistein (HFD + Gen), and HFD + Exe + Gen. We compared the body weight change between groups after 24 weeks. GM (α-diversity and ß-diversity) was profiled after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina MiSeq. HFD + Exe + Gen significantly (p < 0.05) decreased weight gain relative to the HFD with only HFD + chow reverting the body weight change to that of chow. All diets including HFD reduced the GM richness (observed amplicon sequence variants) relative to chow with the HFD + Gen and HFD + Exe resulting in significantly lower phylogenetic diversity compared to the HFD. Data did not support an additive benefit to the GM for HFD + Gen + Exe. HFD + Exe + Gen showed a greater capacity to revert diet-induced obesity in adult male mice, but it was not as effective as switching from HFD to chow. Lifestyle treatment of HFD-induced obesity including exercise and genistein resulted in a reduction in weight gain and GM richness, but switching from HFD to chow had the greatest potential to revert these characteristics toward that of lean controls.
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Takei N, Kuda T, Handa N, Fujita S, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Detection and isolation of typical gut indigenous bacteria in ICR mice fed wheat bran and wheat straw fibre. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100071. [PMID: 35415683 PMCID: PMC8991949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) were administered ICR mice for 14 days. Caecal microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Caecal Lactobacillus johnsonii and Limosilactobacillus reuteri were high in WB diet-fed mice. L. johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. WB fermentation with L. johnsonii Wheat-1 induce superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity.
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) are by-products of the wheat flour industry. To prove the existence of indigenous gut bacteria responsible for WB and WSF, the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed a diet containing no fibre (CS), 10% WB, or 5% WSF for 14 d. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rDNA (V4 region) amplicon sequencing. Typical colonies were isolated and estimated by 16S rRNA gene BLASTn analysis. The predominant amplicon sequence variants in all diet groups belonged to Bifidobacterium pseudolongum- and Faecalibaculum rodentium-like bacteria. Lactobacillus johnsonii- and Limosilactobacillus reuteri-like bacteria were high in the WB group compared with those in the CS group. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 exhibited good fermentation activity in 10% (w/v) WB suspension. Superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of the WB suspension was significantly increased by the fermentation.
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Khalyfa A, Qiao Z, Raju M, Shyu CR, Coghill L, Ericsson A, Gozal D. Monocarboxylate Transporter-2 Expression Restricts Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Lung Cancer: A Multi-Omic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910616. [PMID: 34638954 PMCID: PMC8508890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a major high-affinity pyruvate transporter encoded by the SLC16A7 gene, and is associated with glucose metabolism and cancer. Changes in the gut microbiota and host immune system are associated with many diseases, including cancer. Using conditionally expressed MCT2 in mice and the TC1 lung carcinoma model, we examined the effects of MCT2 on lung cancer tumor growth and local invasion, while also evaluating potential effects on fecal microbiome, plasma metabolome, and bulk RNA-sequencing of tumor macrophages. Conditional MCT2 mice were generated in our laboratory using MCT2loxP mouse intercrossed with mCre-Tg mouse to generate MCT2loxP/loxP; Cre+ mouse (MCT2 KO). Male MCT2 KO mice (8 weeks old) were treated with tamoxifen (0.18 mg/g BW) KO or vehicle (CO), and then injected with mouse lung carcinoma TC1 cells (10 × 105/mouse) in the left flank. Body weight, tumor size and weight, and local tumor invasion were assessed. Fecal DNA samples were extracted using PowerFecal kits and bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons were also performed. Fecal and plasma samples were used for GC−MS Polar, as well as non-targeted UHPLC-MS/MS, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were subjected to bulk RNAseq. Tamoxifen-treated MCT2 KO mice showed significantly higher tumor weight and size, as well as evidence of local invasion beyond the capsule compared with the controls. PCoA and hierarchical clustering analyses of the fecal and plasma metabolomics, as well as microbiota, revealed a distinct separation between the two groups. KO TAMs showed distinct metabolic pathways including the Acetyl-coA metabolic process, activation of immune response, b-cell activation and differentiation, cAMP-mediated signaling, glucose and glutamate processes, and T-cell differentiation and response to oxidative stress. Multi-Omic approaches reveal a substantial role for MCT2 in the host response to TC1 lung carcinoma that may involve alterations in the gut and systemic metabolome, along with TAM-related metabolic pathway. These findings provide initial opportunities for potential delineation of oncometabolic immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.G.); Tel.: +1-573-884-7685 (A.K. & D.G.)
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Murugesan Raju
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Mizzou, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Lyndon Coghill
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Mizzou, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (M.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Metagenomics Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (D.G.); Tel.: +1-573-884-7685 (A.K. & D.G.)
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Pimentel-Moral S, Segura-Carretero A. The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063220. [PMID: 33809986 PMCID: PMC8004826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
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Chen L, Liu Y, Tang Z, Shi X, Song Z, Cao F, Wei P, Li M, Li X, Jiang D, Yan Y, Yang N. Improvements in estrogen deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia by Hypericum perforatum L. extract are associated with gut microbiota and related metabolites in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111131. [PMID: 33383372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (HP), a well-known natural medicine, has a potential effect on menopausal hypercholesterolemia. However, the effect of HP extract on gut microbiota and related metabolites, which play vital roles in metabolic disease occurrence, in the context of estrogen deficiency have not yet been reported. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of HP extract on gut microbial composition and related metabolite profiles in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and reveal the relationships between pathological indicators and alterations in both gut microbial composition at the genus level and metabolites. Body weight, serum parameters, liver lipids and histomorphology were determined. Microbial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and serum bile acids were quantitatively measured. Correlations between pathological indicators and alteration in gut microbiota and metabolites were investigated using Spearman's rank correlation test. Gene expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) in the liver and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; GPR43 and GPR41), ZO-1 and occludin in the cecum were determined by PCR. Microbial composition and metabolite profiles were significantly changed in OVX rats compared with sham rats. Twelve bacterial genera, 5 SCFAs and 12 bile acids were identified as differential biomarkers. Differential genera, SCFAs and bile acids were closely associated with weight, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In OVX rats, HP administration can significantly reverse the pathological symptoms of body weight gain, serum lipid disorders and hepatic steatosis, at the meanwhile, reestablish gut microbial composition and metabolite profiles. Moreover, HP administration significantly upregulated the levels of CYP7A1, GPR43 and GPR41. In conclusion, HP can ameliorate estrogen deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia. The underlying mechanism may be associated with improvements in gut microbiota composition and the profile of related metabolites as well as increases in bile acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanru Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xinbo Shi
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dahai Jiang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yafeng Yan
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
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9
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Khalyfa A, Ericsson A, Qiao Z, Almendros I, Farré R, Gozal D. Circulating exosomes and gut microbiome induced insulin resistance in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia: Effects of physical activity. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103208. [PMID: 33485839 PMCID: PMC7910674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota (GM) contribute to obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), promotes IR and alters GM. Since circulating exosomes are implicated in IR, we examined the effects of IH and physical activity (PA) in mice on GM, colonic epithelium permeability, systemic IR, and plasma exosome cargo, and exosome effects on visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT) IR. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to IH or room air (RA) for 6 weeks with and without PA (n = 12/group), and GM and systemic IR changes were assessed, as well as the effects of plasma exosomes on naïve adipocyte insulin sensitivity. Fecal microbiota transfers (FMT) were performed in naïve mice (n = 5/group), followed by fecal 16S rRNA sequencing, and systemic IR and exosome-induced effects on adipocyte insulin sensitivity were evaluated. Findings Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordinates revealed B-diversity among IH and FMT recipients that accounted for 64% principal component 1 (PC1) and 12.5% (PC2) of total variance. Dominant microbiota families and genera in IH-exposed and FMT-treated were preserved, and IH-exposed GM and IH-FMT induced increased gut permeability. Plasma exosomes from IH-exposed and IH-FMT mice decreased pAKT/AKT responses to exogenous insulin in adipocytes vs. IH+PA or RA FMT-treated mice (p = 0.001). Interpretation IH exposures mimicking OSA induce changes in GM, increase gut permeability, and alter plasma exosome cargo, the latter inducing adipocyte dysfunction (increased IR). Furthermore, these alterations improved with PA. Thus, IH leads to perturbations of a singular GM-circulating exosome pathway that disrupts adipocyte homeostasis resulting in metabolic dysfunction, as reflected by IR. Funding This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health grants HL130984 and HL140548 and University of Missouri Tier 2 grant. The study has not received any funding or grants from pharmaceutical or other industrial corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, 400N. Keene Street, Suite 010, MO 65201, United States.
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Zhuanghong Qiao
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, 400N. Keene Street, Suite 010, MO 65201, United States
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, 400N. Keene Street, Suite 010, MO 65201, United States.
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10
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Guo TL, Chen Y, Xu HS, McDonough CM, Huang G. Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115130. [PMID: 32673657 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The healthy and diverse microbes living in our gut provide numerous benefits to our health. It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome affects the host's neurobehavioral state through production of metabolites, modulation of intestinal immunity (e.g., cytokines) and other mechanisms (e.g., gut neuropeptides). By sending the sensed information (e.g., metabolic and immunologic mediators) about the state of the inner organs to the brain via afferent fibers, the vagus nerve maintains one of the connections between the brain and GI tract, and oversees many critical bodily functions (e.g., mood, immune response, digestion and heart rate). The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication between the gut, its microbiome, and the nervous system. In the present review, the roles of microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions have been discussed using naturally occurring isoflavones, particularly the phytoestrogen genistein, as there are sex differences in the interactions among the microbiome, hormones, immunity and disease susceptibility. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions among the endocrine modulators, brain, endocrine glands, gut immune cells, vagus nerve, enteric nervous system and gut microbiome will provide important knowledges that may ultimately lead to treatment and prevention of debilitating disorders characterized by deficits of microbiome-neuroendocrine-neuroimmune relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Yingjia Chen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Shibo Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Callie M McDonough
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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11
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Nontargeted fecal metabolomics: an emerging tool to probe the role of the gut microbiome in host health. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:351-353. [PMID: 32209031 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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12
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Pepoyan AZ, Chikindas ML. Plant-associated and soil microbiota composition as a novel criterion for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants. GM CROPS & FOOD 2019; 11:47-53. [PMID: 31847696 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1703447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetically modified plants on plant-associated and surrounding soil microorganisms is an uninvestigated area of environmental risk assessment. Biological markers such as lysine racemase, phosphomannose isomerase, and sulfadiazine are in use or suggested for use in plant genetic transformation technologies to confirm that the uptake of DNA has occurred. Similar to the effects of antibiotic-resistance genes, these markers might change the host plant's microbiota. Taking into account the importance of the microbiota in plant growth and protection from pathogens as well as in the lives of both humans and animals, we propose novel criteria for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants: the composition of the plant microbiota and plant-associated soil microbiota. In addition to the possible impact of genetic transformation technologies on the plant microbiota highlighted in this report, the microbiota of genetically modified plants (and/or plant-associated soil microbiota) should be investigated in a comparative study of genetically modified and unmodified plant-derived microbiotas. This could potentially provide important information to farmers when considering the adoption of genetically modified plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astghik Z Pepoyan
- Department of Food Safety and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia.,International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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13
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Cha KH, Kim KA, Kang SW, Alam ST, Jin JB, Yoo G, Jung SH, Pan CH, Kang K. Small black bean (Rhynchosia volubilis) extract ameliorates gut microbial and metabolic perturbation in ovariectomized mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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14
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Marshall BL, Liu Y, Farrington MJ, Mao J, Helferich WG, Schenk AK, Bivens NJ, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Joshi T, Rosenfeld CS. Early genistein exposure of California mice and effects on the gut microbiota-brain axis. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:139-157. [PMID: 31189133 PMCID: PMC6885123 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human offspring encounter high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN), through maternal diet and soy-based formulas. Such chemicals can exert estrogenic activity and thereby disrupt neurobehavioral programming. Besides inducing direct host effects, GEN might cause gut dysbiosis and alter gut metabolites. To determine whether exposure to GEN affects these parameters, California mice (Peromyscus californicus) dams were placed 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation on a diet supplemented with GEN (250 mg/kg feed weight) or AIN93G phytoestrogen-free control diet (AIN). At weaning, offspring socio-communicative behaviors, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were assayed. Exposure of offspring to GEN-induced sex-dependent changes in gut microbiota and metabolites. GEN exposed females were less likely to investigate a novel female mouse when tested in a three-chamber social test. When isolated, GEN males and females exhibited increased latency to elicit their first call, suggestive of reduced motivation to communicate with other individuals. Correlation analyses revealed interactions between GEN-induced microbiome, metabolome and socio-communicative behaviors. Comparison of GEN males with AIN males revealed the fraction of calls above 20 kHz was associated with daidzein, α-tocopherol, Flexispira spp. and Odoribacter spp. Results suggest early GEN exposure disrupts normal socio-communicative behaviors in California mice, which are otherwise evident in these social rodents. Such effects may be due to GEN disruptions on neural programming but might also be attributed to GEN-induced microbiota shifts and resultant changes in gut metabolites. Findings indicate cause for concern that perinatal exposure to GEN may detrimentally affect the offspring microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Marshall
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Michelle J Farrington
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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