1
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Nutt MJ, Stewart SG. Strengthening Molecular Glues: Design Strategies for Improving Thalidomide Analogs as Cereblon Effectors and Anticancer Agents. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104010. [PMID: 38704021 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In the two decades since a novel thalidomide analog was last approved, many promising drug candidates have emerged with remarkable potency as targeted protein degraders. Likewise, the advent of PROTACs for suppressing 'undruggable' protein targets reinforces the need for new analogs with improved cereblon affinity, target selectivity and drug-like properties. However, thalidomide and its approved derivatives remain plagued by several shortcomings, such as structural instability and poor solubility. Herein, we present a review of strategies for mitigating these shortcomings and highlight contemporary drug discovery approaches that have generated novel thalidomide analogs with enhanced efficacy as cereblon effectors and/or anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nutt
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
| | - Scott G Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia.
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2
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Uehara S, Murayama N, Higuchi Y, Shimizu M, Suemizu H, Guengerich FP, Yamazaki H. In Vivo and In Vitro Induction of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Thalidomide in Humanized-Liver Mice and Experimental Human Hepatocyte HepaSH cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:671-674. [PMID: 38626399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Autoinduction of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4-mediated metabolism of thalidomide was investigated in humanized-liver mice and human hepatocyte-derived HepaSH cells. The mean plasma ratios of 5-hydroxythalidomide and glutathione adducts to thalidomide were significantly induced (3.5- and 6.0-fold, respectively) by thalidomide treatment daily at 1000 mg/kg for 3 days and measured at 2 h after the fourth administration (on day 4). 5-Hydroxythalidomide was metabolically activated by P450 3A4 in HepaSH cells pretreated with 300 and 1000 μM thalidomide, and 5,6-dihydroxythalidomide was detected. Significant induction of P450 3A4 mRNA expression (4.1-fold) in the livers of thalidomide-treated mice occurred. Thalidomide exerts a variety of actions through multiple mechanisms following bioactivation by induced human P450 3A enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Medicine and Life Science, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Higuchi
- Central Institute for Experimental Medicine and Life Science, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Medicine and Life Science, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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3
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Qiu G, Li F, Kowah JAH, Xie J, Long Q, Wang L, Liu X. Novel chiral matrine derivatives as potential antitumor agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107276. [PMID: 38479132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Since the thalidomide incident, research on chiral drugs has escalated immensely. Differences in drug configuration can lead to significant variations in therapeutic efficacy. Matrine, a natural product esteemed for its low toxicity and high water solubility, has garnered significant attention in research endeavors. Nonetheless, its precise target has proven elusive. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel chiral matrine derivative. Their cytotoxicity against three types of tumor cells was assessed. Comparing the newly synthesized derivatives to the parent matrine, most compounds exhibited significantly enhanced inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Among them, Q12 exhibited the highest activity, with IC50 values of 8.31 μM against rat glioma cells C6, 6.3 μM against human liver cancer cells HepG2 and 7.14 μM against human gastric cancer cells HGC-27, meanwhile showing low toxicity. Based on IC50 values, we constructed a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR). Compound Q12 significantly suppressed the cloning and migration of HepG2 cells. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Q12 inhibited Topo I in HepG2 cells, leading to DNA damage, induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and ultimately causing apoptosis. The molecular docking experiments provided a rational binding mode of Q12 with the Topo I-DNA complex. In vivo, experiments demonstrated that Q12 exhibited a higher tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI) compared to the positive control drug Lenvatinib, while maintaining good safety. In summary, it suggests that Topo I might be a potential target for matrine and Q12 represents a promising candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jamal A H Kowah
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Junwei Xie
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingfeng Long
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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4
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Jesionek P, Hachuła B, Jurkiewicz K, Włodarczyk P, Hreczka M, Kamiński K, Kamińska E. Variation of Activation Volume as an Indicator of the Difference in Clusterization Phenomenon Induced by H-Bonding and F-Π Stacking Interactions in Enantiomers and a Racemate of Flurbiprofen. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4021-4032. [PMID: 38608273 PMCID: PMC11056992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), broadband dielectric (BDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemical computations were applied to investigate the structural and thermal properties, molecular dynamics, and H-bonding pattern of R-, S-, and RS-flurbiprofen (FLP). Experimental data indicated various spatial molecular arrangements in crystalline forms of examined systems, which seemed to disappear in the liquid state. Surprisingly, deeper analysis of high-pressure dielectric data revealed unexpected variation in the activation volume of pure enantiomers and a racemate. MD simulations showed that it is an effect of the clusterization phenomenon and a higher population of small associates in the former samples. Moreover, theoretical consideration exposed the particular role of unspecific F-Π interactions as a driving force underlying local molecular arrangements of molecules in the liquid and the crystal lattice of R-, S-, and RS-FLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jesionek
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia
in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Hachuła
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Patryk Włodarczyk
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego 5 St., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Hreczka
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego 5 St., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Mechatronics, Silesian University of
Technology, Akademicka
10A St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Ewa Kamińska
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia
in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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5
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Tracy W, Davies GHM, Grant LN, Ganley JM, Moreno J, Cherney EC, Davies HML. Anhydrous and Stereoretentive Fluoride-Enhanced Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Immunomodulatory Imide Drug Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4595-4606. [PMID: 38452367 PMCID: PMC11002932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory imide drugs form the core of many pharmaceutically relevant structures, but Csp2-Csp2 bond formation via metal-catalyzed cross coupling is difficult due to the sensitivity of the glutarimide ring ubiquitous in these structures. We report that replacement of the traditional alkali base with a fluoride source enhances a previously challenging Suzuki-Miyaura coupling on glutarimide-containing compounds with trifluoroborates. These enabling conditions are reactive enough to generate these derivatives in high yields but mild enough to preserve both the glutarimide and its sensitive stereocenter. Experimental and computational data suggest a mechanistically distinct process of π-coordination of the trifluoroborate enabled by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
F. Tracy
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Geraint H. M. Davies
- Small
Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lauren N. Grant
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jesus Moreno
- Small
Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Small
Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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6
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Yang Z, Jaiswal A, Yin Q, Lin X, Liu L, Li J, Liu X, Xu Z, Li JJ, Yong KT. Chiral nanomaterials in tissue engineering. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5014-5041. [PMID: 38323627 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Addressing significant medical challenges arising from tissue damage and organ failure, the field of tissue engineering has evolved to provide revolutionary approaches for regenerating functional tissues and organs. This involves employing various techniques, including the development and application of novel nanomaterials. Among them, chiral nanomaterials comprising non-superimposable nanostructures with their mirror images have recently emerged as innovative biomaterial candidates to guide tissue regeneration due to their unique characteristics. Chiral nanomaterials including chiral fibre supramolecular hydrogels, polymer-based chiral materials, self-assembling peptides, chiral-patterned surfaces, and the recently developed intrinsically chiroptical nanoparticles have demonstrated remarkable ability to regulate biological processes through routes such as enantioselective catalysis and enhanced antibacterial activity. Despite several recent reviews on chiral nanomaterials, limited attention has been given to the specific potential of these materials in facilitating tissue regeneration processes. Thus, this timely review aims to fill this gap by exploring the fundamental characteristics of chiral nanomaterials, including their chiroptical activities and analytical techniques. Also, the recent advancements in incorporating these materials in tissue engineering applications are highlighted. The review concludes by critically discussing the outlook of utilizing chiral nanomaterials in guiding future strategies for tissue engineering design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Arun Jaiswal
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Qiankun Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhejun Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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7
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Carvalho WOF, Oliveira ON, Mejía-Salazar JR. Magnetochiroptical nanocavities in hyperbolic metamaterials enable sensing down to the few-molecule level. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:071104. [PMID: 38380755 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we combine the concepts of magnetic circular dichroism, nanocavities, and magneto-optical hyperbolic metamaterials (MO-HMMs) to demonstrate an approach for sensing down to a few molecules. Our proposal comprises a multilayer MO-HMM with a square, two-dimensional arrangement of nanocavities. The magnetization of the system is considered in polar configuration, i.e., in the plane of polarization and perpendicular to the plane of the multilayer structure. This allows for magneto-optical chirality to be induced through the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect, which is exhibited by reflected light from the nanostructure. Numerical analyses under the magnetization saturation condition indicate that magnetic circular dichroism peaks can be used instead of reflectance dips to monitor refractive index changes in the analyte region. Significantly, we obtained a relatively high sensitivity value of S = 40 nm/RIU for the case where refractive index changes are limited to the volume inside nanocavities, i.e., in the limit of a few molecules (or ultralow concentrations), while a very large sensitivity of S = 532 nm/RIU is calculated for the analyte region distributed along the entire superstrate layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O F Carvalho
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Mejía-Salazar
- National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG 37540-000, Brazil
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8
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Gambhir D, Kumar K, Murugesan P, Yadav A, Sinha Ray S, Koner RR. Amino Acid-Based Molecular and Membranous Chiral Tools for Enantiomeric Recognition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2745-2753. [PMID: 38279959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Given the need, both academic and industrial, for new approaches and technologies for chiral discrimination of enantiomers, the present work demonstrates the development through rational design and integration of two new chiral platforms (molecular and membranous) for enantioselective recognition through visual as well as microscopic observation. The molecular platform (TPT) is based on the tryptophan derivative developed through the condensation of two tryptophan units with terepthaloyl chloride. While TPT based on l-tryptophan recognizes R-mandelic acid over the S-isomer, the host with reverse chirality (TPDT) recognizes S-mandelic acid over R-isomer. The role of chemical functionality in this sensitive recognition process was established experimentally by developing an analogue of TPT and by judiciously using different chiral analytes. Importantly, a detailed theoretical study at the molecular level revealed the U-shaped conformation of TPT, creating a cavity for accommodating a chiral guest with selective functional interaction resulting in the discrimination of enantiomers. Finally, a chiral polymeric mat of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (2:3) impregnated with TPT was developed via electrospinning. The resulting fibrous mat was successfully utilized for chiral recognition through microscopic and architectural observation. Hence, the present work reports simple chiral tools for enantiomeric recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Gambhir
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Premkumar Murugesan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Sinha Ray
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rik Rani Koner
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
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9
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De Luca C, Felletti S, Franchina FA, Bozza D, Compagnin G, Nosengo C, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Recent developments in the high-throughput separation of biologically active chiral compounds via high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115794. [PMID: 37890321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), are often chiral molecules where stereoisomers have different biological and therapeutic activity. Nevertheless, the preparation of these molecules can lead to racemic or scalemic mixtures (it is not trivial to produce just the optically pure compound). The evaluation of the enantiomeric purity of bioactive compounds, and therefore quality, is indeed of fundamental importance for regulatory scopes. Chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the gold standard technique to separate and to purify enantiomers. This comes from the wide availability of commercial chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and operational modes, which makes the technique extremely versatile. In recent years, the most relevant trend in the field of chiral analytical HPLC has been the development of CSPs suitable for fast or even ultrafast separations, thus favoring the high throughput screening of biologically active chiral compounds. This process has somehow lagged behind compared to achiral HPLC, due to a series of practical and fundamental issues. The experience has shown how in chiral chromatography even very basic concepts, such as the supposed kinetic superiority of core-shell (pellicular) particles over fully porous ones to improve the chromatographic efficiency, cannot be taken for granted. In this review, the most relevant fundamental and practical features that must be taken into consideration to design successful high-throughput, fast enantioseparations will be discussed. Afterwards, the main classes of CSPs and the most relevant, recent (last five-year) high-throughput applications in the field of the separation of chiral bioactive compounds (for pharmaceutical, forensic, food, and omics applications) will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Flavio Antonio Franchina
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Greta Compagnin
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Nosengo
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharrmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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10
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Hermann DR, Ramer G, Riedlsperger L, Lendl B. Chiral Monitoring Across Both Enantiomeric Excess and Concentration Space: Leveraging Quantum Cascade Lasers for Sensitive Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1362-1370. [PMID: 37847076 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231206186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, high-throughput quantum cascade laser-based vibrational circular dichroism (QCL-VCD) technology has reduced the measurement time for high-quality vibrational circular dichroism spectra from hours to a few minutes. This study evaluates QCL-VCD for chiral monitoring using flow-through measurement of a changing sample in a circulating loop. A balanced detection QCL-VCD system was applied to the enantiomeric pair R/S-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol in solution. Different mixtures of the two components were used to simulate a racemization process, collecting spectral data at a time resolution of 6 min, and over three concentration levels. The goal of this experimental setup was to evaluate QCL-VCD in terms of both molar and enantiomeric excess (EE) sensitivity at a time resolution relevant to chiral monitoring in chemical processes. Subsequent chemometric evaluation by partial least squares regression revealed a cross-validated prediction accuracy of 2.8% EE with a robust prediction also for the test data set (error = 3.5% EE). In addition, the data set was also treated with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which also achieved a robust prediction. Due to the operating principle of LASSO, the obtained coefficients constituted a few discrete spectral frequencies, which represent the most variance. This information can be used in the future for dedicated QCL-based instrument design, gaining a higher time resolution without sacrificing predictive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Ralph Hermann
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Ramer
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Riedlsperger
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Da Silva H, Hernandes IS, De Almeida WB. Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Interaction of Thalidomide Monomeric, Dimeric, Trimeric, and Tetrameric Forms with Guanine DNA Nucleotide Basis in DMSO and Water Solution: A Thermodynamic and NMR Spectroscopy Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37521-37539. [PMID: 37841183 PMCID: PMC10568699 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Thalidomide (TLD) was used worldwide as a sedative, but it was revealed to cause teratogenicity when taken during early pregnancy. It has been stated that the (R) enantiomer of TLD has therapeutic effects, while the (S) form is teratogenic. Clinical studies, however, demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of thalidomide in several intractable diseases, so TLD and its derivatives have played an important role in the development and therapy of anticancer drugs. Therefore, it is important to know the molecular mechanism of action of the TLD, although this is still not clear. In what molecular interactions are concerned, it is known that drug molecules can interact with DNA in different ways, for example, by intercalation between base pairs. Furthermore, the ability of the TLD to interact with DNA has been confirmed experimentally. In this work, we report a theoretical investigation of the interaction of the R and S enantiomers of TLD, in its monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric forms, with guanine (GUA) DNA nucleotide basis in solution using density functional theory (DFT). Our initial objective was to evaluate the interaction of TLD-R/S with GUA through thermodynamic and spectroscopic study in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent and an aqueous solution. Comparison of the experimental 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum in DMSO-d6 solution with calculated DFT-PCM-DMSO chemical shifts revealed that TLD can undergo molecular association in solution, and interaction of its dimeric form with a DNA base ((TLD)2-GUA and (TLD)2-2GUA, for example) through H-bond formation is likely to take place. Our results strongly indicated that we must consider the plausibility of the existence of TLD associations in solution when modeling the complexation of the TLD with biological targets. This is new information that may provide further insight into our understanding of drug binding to biological targets at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo
C. Da Silva
- Laboratório de Química
Computacional e Modelagem Molecular (LQC-MM), Departamento de Química
Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista s/n,
Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel S. Hernandes
- Laboratório de Química
Computacional e Modelagem Molecular (LQC-MM), Departamento de Química
Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista s/n,
Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner B. De Almeida
- Laboratório de Química
Computacional e Modelagem Molecular (LQC-MM), Departamento de Química
Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista s/n,
Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
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12
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McGown A, Nafie J, Otayfah M, Hassell-Hart S, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Banks R, Marsh GP, Maple HJ, Kostakis GE, Proietti Silvestri I, Colbon P, Spencer J. Chirality: a key parameter in chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:716-721. [PMID: 37799583 PMCID: PMC10549247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many small molecule bioactive and marketed drugs are chiral. They are often synthesised from commercially available chiral building blocks. However, chirality is sometimes incorrectly assigned by manufacturers with consequences for the end user ranging from: experimental irreproducibility, wasted time on synthesising the wrong product and reanalysis, to the added cost of purchasing the precursor and resynthesis of the correct stereoisomer. Further on, this could lead to loss of reputation, loss of funding, to safety and ethical concerns due to potential in vivo administration of the wrong form of a drug. It is our firm belief that more stringent control of chirality be provided by the supplier and, if needed, requested by the end user, to minimise the potential issues mentioned above. Certification of chirality would bring much needed confidence in chemical structure assignment and could be provided by a variety of techniques, from polarimetry, chiral HPLC, using known chiral standards, vibrational circular dichroism, and x-ray crystallography. A few case studies of our brushes with wrong chirality assignment are shown as well as some examples of what we believe to be good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGown
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Jordan Nafie
- Biotools, Inc., 17546 Beeline Highway Jupiter Florida 33458 USA
| | - Mohammed Otayfah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rebecca Banks
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Graham P Marsh
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - Hannah J Maple
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road Avonmouth Bristol BS11 9QD UK
| | - George E Kostakis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
| | | | - Paul Colbon
- Liverpool ChiroChem Ltd, The Heath Business & Technical Park Runcorn Cheshire WA7 4QX UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Falmer BN1 9QJ UK
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13
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Um S, Jeong H, An JS, Jo SJ, Kim YR, Oh DC, Moon K. Chromatographic Determination of the Absolute Configuration in Sanjoinine A That Increases Nitric Oxide Production. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:566-572. [PMID: 37019875 PMCID: PMC10468421 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A chiral derivatization strategy with phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) was employed to develop a straightforward method to determine the absolute configurations of N,N-dimethyl amino acids. The PGME derivatives were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the absolute configurations of various N,N-dimethyl amino acids based on their elution time and order. The established method was applied to assign the absolute configuration of the N,N-dimethyl phenylalanine in sanjoinine A (4), a cyclopeptide alkaloid isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen widely used as herbal medicine for insomnia. Sanjoinine A displayed production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Soo An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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14
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Fouad A, El-Sayed DH, Salman BE, Bakr HH, Adel SE, Alzarak TM, Mahmoud A. Macrocyclic Antibiotics as Effective Chiral Selectors in Liquid Chromatography for Enantiomeric Separation of Pharmaceutical Compounds: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37342891 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2224442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral separation techniques play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry, where the enantiomeric purity of drugs can have a significant impact on their efficacy and safety. Macrocyclic antibiotics are highly effective chiral selectors used in various chiral separation techniques, including LC, HPLC, SMB, and TLC, offering reproducible results and a wide range of applications. However, developing robust and efficient immobilization mechanisms for these chiral selectors remains a challenge. This review article focuses on various immobilization approaches, such as immobilization, coating, encapsulation, and photosynthesis, that have been applied to immobilize macrocyclic antibiotics on their support. Commercially available macrocyclic antibiotics for conventional liquid chromatography include Vancomycin, Norvancomycin, Eremomycin, Teicoplanin, Ristocetin A, Rifamycin, Avoparcin, Bacitracin, and others. In addition, capillary (nano) liquid chromatography has also been used in chiral separation utilizing Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, Daptomycin, and Colistin Sulfate. Macrocyclic antibiotic-based CSPs have been extensively applied due to their reproducible results, ease of use, and broad range of applications, capable of separating a large number of racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan H Bakr
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shahd E Adel
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Abdelrahman Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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15
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Dsouza NN, Alampady V, Baby K, Maity S, Byregowda BH, Nayak Y. Thalidomide interaction with inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1167-1182. [PMID: 36966238 PMCID: PMC10039777 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The "Thalidomide tragedy" is a landmark in the history of the pharmaceutical industry. Despite limited clinical trials, there is a continuous effort to investigate thalidomide as a drug for cancer and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lepromatous leprosy, and COVID-19. This review focuses on the possibilities of targeting inflammation by repurposing thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Articles were searched from the Scopus database, sorted, and selected articles were reviewed. The content includes the proven mechanisms of action of thalidomide relevant to IPF. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic mechanisms are major pathogenic factors in IPF. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the major biomarker of IPF. Thalidomide is an effective anti-inflammatory drug in inhibiting TGF-β, interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thalidomide binds cereblon, a process that is involved in the proposed mechanism in specific cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer, multiple myeloma, and lung cancer. Cereblon is involved in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-TGF-β/Smad signalling, thereby attenuating fibrosis. The past few years have witnessed an improvement in the identification of biomarkers and diagnostic technologies in respiratory diseases, partly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, investment in clinical trials with a systematic plan can help repurpose thalidomide for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Naomi Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varun Alampady
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnaprasad Baby
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Swastika Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bharath Harohalli Byregowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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16
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Šukele R, Lauberte L, Kovalcuka L, Logviss K, Bārzdiņa A, Brangule A, Horváth ZM, Bandere D. Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Tanacetum vulgare L. Wild-Growing in Latvia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1968. [PMID: 37653885 PMCID: PMC10221018 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The Tanacetum vulgare L. (Tansy) has several ethnobotanical uses, mostly related to the essential oil and sesquiterpene lactones, whereas information regarding other compounds is scarce. This research is designed to characterize the phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins) to analyze the thujone (which is toxic in high concentrations) content and to detect the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) of extracts. The main highlights of our work provide a chemical profile of phenolic compounds of T. vulgare harvested from different regions of Latvia, as well as simultaneously support the ethnomedicinal uses for wild T. vulgare through the integration of phenolic compounds as one of the value constituents of leaves and flowers. The extraction yield was 18 to 20% for leaves and 8 to 16% for flowers. The total phenol content in the extracts of T. vulgare as well as their antioxidant activity was different between collection regions and the aerial parts ranging from 134 to 218 mg GAE/g and 32 to 182 mg L-1, respectively. A remarkable variation in the thujone (α + β) content (0.4% up to 6%) was detected in the extracts. T. vulgare leaf extracts were rich in tannins (up to 19%). According to the parameters detected, the extracts of T. vulgare could be considered promising for the development of new herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renāte Šukele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Red Cross Medical College of Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1009 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Lauberte
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liga Kovalcuka
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Konstantins Logviss
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ance Bārzdiņa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnese Brangule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zoltán Márk Horváth
- Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
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17
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Li Y, Zhao L, Li J, Xie S, Liang N. Synthesis of Cyclodextrin-based MOFs incorporating amino acid chiral ligands for chiral separation of naproxen enantiomers. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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18
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Schorn F, Essert A, Zhong Y, Abdullayev S, Castiglione K, Haumann M, Joly NY. Measurement of Minute Liquid Volumes of Chiral Molecules Using In-Fiber Polarimetry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3204-3209. [PMID: 36720470 PMCID: PMC9933876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an optofluidic method that enables to efficiently measure the enantiomeric excess of chiral molecules at low concentrations. The approach is to monitor the optical activity induced by a Kagome-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with a sub-μL volume of chiral compounds. The technique also allows monitoring the enzymatic racemization of R-mandelic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schorn
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films, Max-Planck-Institute
for the Science of Light, and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürmberg, Erlangen91058, Germany
| | - Arabella Essert
- Lehrstuhl
für Bioverfahrenstechnik (BVT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen91052, Germany
| | - Yu Zhong
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen91058, Germany
| | - Sahib Abdullayev
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen91058, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Lehrstuhl
für Bioverfahrenstechnik (BVT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen91052, Germany
| | - Marco Haumann
- Lehrstuhl
für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen91058, Germany
- Research
Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park2006, South Africa
| | - Nicolas Y. Joly
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films, Max-Planck-Institute
for the Science of Light, and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürmberg, Erlangen91058, Germany
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19
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D’Acquarica I, Agranat I. The Quest for Secondary Pharmaceuticals: Drug Repurposing/Chiral-Switches Combination Strategy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:201-219. [PMID: 36798472 PMCID: PMC9926527 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing toward new medical uses and chiral switches are elements of secondary pharmaceuticals. The drug repurposing and chiral-switches strategies have mostly been applied independently in drug discovery. Drug repurposing has peaked in the search for therapeutic treatments of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, whereas chiral switches have been overlooked. The current Perspective introduces the drug repurposing/chiral-switches combination strategy, overviewing representative cases of chiral drugs that have undergone this combination: ketamine, flurbiprofen, fenfluramine, and milnacipran. The deuterium-enabled chiral switches of racemic thalidomide analogs, a variation of the repurposing/chiral-switch combination strategy, is also included. Patenting and regulatory-exclusivity considerations of the combination strategy in the discovery of new medical uses are considered. The proposed combination creates a new synergy of its two elements, overcoming arguments against chiral switches, with better prospects for validation of patents and regulatory exclusivities. The combination strategy may be applied to chiral switches to paired enantiomers. Repurposing/chiral-switch drugs may be 'obvious-to-try'; however, their inventions may be unexpected and their patents nonobvious. Patenting repurposing/chiral-switch combination drugs is not 'evergreening', 'product hopping', and 'me-too'. The expected benefits and opportunities of the combined repurposing/chiral-switch strategy vis-à-vis its two elements are superior pharmacological properties, overcoming arguments against patent validities, challenges of chiral-switch patents, reduced expenses, shortened approval procedures, and higher expectations of regulatory exclusivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza
Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Israel Agranat
- Organic
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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20
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Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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21
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Choi WJ, Lee SH, Park BC, Kotov NA. Terahertz Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Molecular Assemblies and Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22789-22804. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Choi
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bum Chul Park
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Wang N, Zhao L, Liu C, Zhang J, He Y, Yang H, Liu X. Chiral Detection of Glucose: An Amino Acid-Assisted Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Strategy Showing Opposite Enantiomeric Effects on SERS Signals. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14565-14572. [PMID: 36219134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is of considerable concern to establish chiral detection methods for revealing enantioselective interactions among chiral molecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular interaction due to bond variations. However, its application in chiral detection is underexplored. Inspired by the chiral selectivity toward glucose and amino acids in life, we herein propose a SERS strategy based on molecular interactions for the discrimination of d- and l-glucose (Glu) using chiral phenylalanine (Phe) decorated on gold nanoparticles as a chirality selector and Raman reporter. Interestingly, the SERS signal of l-Phe is enhanced by d-Glu but suppressed by l-Glu. In contrast, the SERS signal of d-Phe is increased by l-Glu but decreased by d-Glu. According to the above-observed intensity change (ΔI) of the SERS signal of Phe induced by Glu, it is easy to determine the chiral configurations (judged by the positive or negative sign of ΔI), enantiomeric excess (ee) values, and concentrations (estimated by the magnitude of ΔI) of Glu. Taking advantage of the high SERS enhancement and opposite enantiomeric effects on SERS signals, the proposed strategy enables enantiomeric discrimination at a low Glu concentration (10-6 mol/L) and is further exerted for the noninvasive detection of d-/l-Glu in saliva samples. In contrast, the common chiroptical analysis tool of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy failed to directly detect Glu enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Yanxiu He
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
| | - Xinling Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai200234, China
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23
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Ye AH, Song XF, Chen ZM. Electrophilic Thiocyanation of Tryptamine Derivatives: Divergent Synthesis of SCN-Containing Indole Compounds. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200802. [PMID: 36039929 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A tandem dearomative electrophilic thiocyanation/cyclization/acylation of indoles was developed for the first time, which is enabled by acyl chloride. A variety of 3-SCN pyrroloindolines were obtained with moderate to excellent yields. Interestingly, replacement of acyl chloride with methanesulfonic acid, 2-SCN tryptamines were obtained using the same starting substrates and reagents. Furthermore, catalytic enantioselective manner of thiocyanation/cyclization/acylation reaction was also studied. An enantiomer self-disproportionation effect of 3-SCN pyrroloindolines was discovered. A series of chiral 3-SCN pyrroloindolines were obtained with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hui Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xu-Feng Song
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
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24
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Dhurjad P, Dhalaram CS, Ali N, Kumari N, Sonti R. Metal-organic frameworks in chiral separation of pharmaceuticals. Chirality 2022; 34:1419-1436. [PMID: 35924487 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective chiral molecules are responsible for specific biological functions in nature. At present, more than half of the prescribed drugs are chiral. Living organisms display divergent pharmacological responses to the enantiomers, leading to altered toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Thus, chiral analysis, separation, and extraction are crucial for ensuring enantiomeric purity to develop safe and effective medication. In recent times, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with appealing structures are gaining importance because of their fascinating properties as a sorbent and stationary phase. MOFs are crystalline porous solid materials built by interconnecting metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. This review explores the advancements in MOFs for the isolation and separation of chiral active pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhurjad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Choudhary Sampat Dhalaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nazish Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Hsu YI, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Facile Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Boronic Acid Group-Functionalized Monoliths With Optical Activity for Recognizing Glucose With Different Conformation. Front Chem 2022; 10:939368. [PMID: 35755261 PMCID: PMC9213758 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.939368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, various materials based on helical polymers are nanoparticle or microsphere, which is not ease of use in practical application. Accordingly, facile preparation hierarchically porous monolith based on helical polymer needs to be developed. Herein, hierarchically porous boronic acid group-functionalized monoliths that exhibited optical activity were fabricated with a facile method based on crosslinking and polymerization-induced phase separation (CPIPS). Chiral substituted acetylene and achiral substituted acetylene with a boronic acid group were used as monomers. By regulating the composition of the pre-polymerization solution, the permeability and macropore size of the porous structure could be controlled. The hierarchically porous structure and large surface area were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption isotherms. In particular, the boronic acid functional group that can interact with a cis-diol group was successfully introduced on the skeleton surface of the monoliths. Further, the main chain of the copolymer that constituted the monoliths exhibited a high cis content and tacticity, and the monoliths showed good optical activity. Thus, the present study established a facile method to synthesize hierarchically porous boronic acid group-functionalized monoliths with optical activity via CPIPS, and the monoliths showed potential in recognition, separation, and adsorption of compound with chirality and cis-diol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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26
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Belova EV, Semenova EV, Tverdislov VA. On the Chirality of Drugs and the Structures of Biomacromolecules. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Gambhir D, Kumar S, Koner RR. Chiral gelators for visual enantiomeric recognition. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3624-3637. [PMID: 35481833 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of chirality in supramolecular gels has allowed the effective translation and amplification of molecular chirality. Upon integrating the stimuli-responsive nature of these gels with supramolecular chirality, a new platform for the discrimination of the enantiomeric guests through naked eye can be developed. Over the past decade, several groups have reported the development of chiral supramolecular gels for enantioselective recognition through gel formation or collapse. However, to the best of our knowledge, we are yet to come across a review highlighting the utilization of chiral supramolecular gels for macroscopic discrimination of enantiomers. In this article, we have articulated the chiral gelators developed to date for the recognition of different enantiomeric analytes focusing on their mode of recognition with an in-depth analysis of the mechanism of interactions assisting the recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Gambhir
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi-175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi-175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rik Rani Koner
- School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi-175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi-175075, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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28
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Lai YS, Chen YL, Lin CC, Su YH. Ultrafast chiral peptides purification via surface plasmon enhanced spin selectivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114339. [PMID: 35588636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By D-arginine and L-arginine chiral peptides induced spin selectivity and Au NPs enhanced spin polarization, chiral peptides purification has been effectively simplified and the purification performance has raised from a mixture system. The angular momentums of light are operated by the polarizer and wave plates. Au NPs decorated ZnO nanorods electrodes are utilized to modulate the polarization of spintronic. Seed growth methods are for synthesizing spherical Au NPs. UV light reduction methods are for urchin-liked Au NPs. Au NPs are decorated on ZnO nanorods electrodes for rising photon to electron conversion efficiency and enhancing spin polarization rates by surface plasmon effect. From our results, photon to the electron conversion efficiency of ZnO nanorods electrodes has effectively enhanced by urchin-liked Au NPs decorating. Ultrahigh localized plasmon conversion efficiency as high as 60% was also obtained. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) calculations simulated the force on spintronic. Since the D-arginine and L-arginine are on Au substrate, DFT results demonstrate different angular momentum and spin polarization coupling. Along with urchin-liked Au NPs rising chiral induced spin polarization by surface plasmon resonance, the sensitivity of chiral arginine has been raised around 5000% from bare ZnO nanorods electrodes. The purification and separation time of a specific chiral arginine only needs 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Lai
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Su
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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29
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Sosič I, Bricelj A, Steinebach C. E3 ligase ligand chemistries: from building blocks to protein degraders. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3487-3534. [PMID: 35393989 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), capable of achieving targeted protein degradation, have proven their great therapeutic potential and usefulness as molecular biology tools. These heterobifunctional compounds are comprised of a protein-targeting ligand, an appropriate linker, and a ligand binding to the E3 ligase of choice. A successful PROTAC induces the formation of a ternary complex, leading to the E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination of the targeted protein and its proteasomal degradation. In over 20 years since the concept was first demonstrated, the field has grown substantially, mainly due to the advancements in the discovery of non-peptidic E3 ligase ligands. Development of small-molecule E3 binders with favourable physicochemical profiles aided the design of PROTACs, which are known for breaking the rules of established guidelines for discovering small molecules. Synthetic accessibility of the ligands and numerous successful applications led to the prevalent use of cereblon and von Hippel-Lindau as the hijacked E3 ligase. However, the pool of over 600 human E3 ligases is full of untapped potential, which is why expanding the artillery of E3 ligands could contribute to broadening the scope of targeted protein degradation. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the chemistry aspect of the PROTAC design process by providing an overview of liganded E3 ligases, their chemistries, appropriate derivatisation, and synthetic approaches towards their incorporation into heterobifunctional degraders. By covering syntheses of both established and underexploited E3 ligases, this review can serve as a chemistry blueprint for PROTAC researchers during their future ventures into the complex field of targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleša Bricelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Matsui R, Niijima E, Imai T, Kobayashi H, Hori A, Sato A, Nakamura Y, Kitagawa O. Intermolecular Halogen Bond Detected in Racemic and Optically Pure N-C Axially Chiral 3-(2-Halophenyl)quinazoline-4-thione Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072369. [PMID: 35408762 PMCID: PMC9000658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The halogen bond has been widely used as an important supramolecular tool in various research areas. However, there are relatively few studies on halogen bonding related to molecular chirality. 3-(2-Halophenyl)quinazoline-4-thione derivatives have stable atropisomeric structures due to the rotational restriction around an N-C single bond. In X-ray single crystal structures of the racemic and optically pure N-C axially chiral quinazoline-4-thiones, we found that different types of intermolecular halogen bonds (C=S⋯X) are formed. That is, in the racemic crystals, the intermolecular halogen bond between the ortho-halogen atom and sulfur atom was found to be oriented in a periplanar conformation toward the thiocarbonyl plane, leading to a syndiotactic zig-zag array. On the other hand, the halogen bond in the enantiomerically pure crystals was oriented orthogonally toward the thiocarbonyl plane, resulting in the formation of a homochiral dimer. These results indicate that the corresponding racemic and optically pure forms in chiral molecules are expected to display different halogen bonding properties, respectively, and should be separately studied as different chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (R.M.); (E.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Erina Niijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (R.M.); (E.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Tomomi Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (R.M.); (E.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (H.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akiko Hori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (H.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Azusa Sato
- Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Division of Basic Sciences, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (A.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Medical and Nursing Education, Division of Basic Sciences, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (A.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-Intelligence for Well-Being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; (R.M.); (E.N.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5859-8161
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31
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Laskowska A, Pacuła-Miszewska AJ, Długosz-Pokorska A, Janecka A, Wojtczak A, Ścianowski J. Attachment of Chiral Functional Groups to Modify the Activity of New GPx Mimetics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062068. [PMID: 35329523 PMCID: PMC8950439 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of new chiral benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and their corresponding diselenides bearing an o-amido function substituted on the nitrogen atom with various aliphatic and aromatic moieties were synthesized. All derivatives representing pairs of enantiomers or diastereoisomers were obtained to thoroughly evaluate the three-dimensional structure–activity correlation. First, bensisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones were synthesized by reacting 2-(chloroseleno)benzoyl chloride with an appropriate enantiomerically pure amine. Then, the Se–N bond was cleaved by a reduction–oxidation procedure using sodium borohydride and then air oxidation to obtain the corresponding diselenides. All derivatives were tested as antioxidants and anticancer agents. In general, the diselenides were more reactive peroxide scavengers, with the highest activity observed for 2,2′-diselenobis[N-(1S,2S)-(-)-trans-2-hydroksy-1-indanylbezamide]. The most cytotoxic derivative towards human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines was N-[(1S,2R)-(-)-cis-2-hydroksy-1-indanyl]-1,2-benzizoselenazol-3(2H)-one. The structure–activity relationship of the obtained organoselenium derivatives was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laskowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.L.); (A.J.P.-M.)
| | - Agata Joanna Pacuła-Miszewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.L.); (A.J.P.-M.)
| | - Angelika Długosz-Pokorska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (A.J.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Department of Crystallochemistry and Biocrystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Jacek Ścianowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.L.); (A.J.P.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Modern Approaches to Synthetic Design of Chiral α-Tertiary Amines Based on Trifluoromethylcontaining Ketimines: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Engineering the regiocomplementarity of an epoxide hydrolase from Rhodotorula paludigena by means of computer-aided design for the scale-up enantioconvergent hydrolysis of racemic m-nitrostyrene oxide. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Hancu G, Modroiu A. Chiral Switch: Between Therapeutical Benefit and Marketing Strategy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020240. [PMID: 35215352 PMCID: PMC8877306 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality of pharmaceutical substances is an important aspect in drug research because it determines how enantiomers will interact with chiral biological targets. Enantiomers of a chiral drug can have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles; consequently, using a single pure enantiomer instead of a racemate can enhance the effectiveness and/or safety of the treatment. The tendencies of modern pharmaceutical industry regarding the current market of chiral drugs are divided between the chiral switch of previously used racemates and the development of new enantiopure drugs. The term chiral switch refers to the replacement on the market of a previously approved racemate with its single enantiomer version. The potential advantages of chiral switch can be related to a higher therapeutic index due to better potency, selectivity and fewer adverse effects, faster onset of action and exposure of the patient to lower drug dosages. However, chiral switch is also a strategy that permits manufacturers to keep market exclusivity for chiral pharmaceuticals that have lost their patent protection, even if the pure enantiomers have not demonstrated higher effectiveness or safety profile compared with the racemates.
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35
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Stachelek P, MacKenzie L, Parker D, Pal R. Circularly polarised luminescence laser scanning confocal microscopy to study live cell chiral molecular interactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:553. [PMID: 35087047 PMCID: PMC8795401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular machinery of life is founded on chiral building blocks, but no experimental technique is currently available to distinguish or monitor chiral systems in live cell bio-imaging studies. Luminescent chiral molecules encode a unique optical fingerprint within emitted circularly polarized light (CPL) carrying information about the molecular environment, conformation, and binding state. Here, we present a CPL Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (CPL-LSCM) capable of simultaneous chiroptical contrast based live-cell imaging of endogenous and engineered CPL-active cellular probes. Further, we demonstrate that CPL-active probes can be activated using two-photon excitation, with complete CPL spectrum recovery. The combination of these two milestone results empowers the multidisciplinary imaging community, allowing the study of chiral interactions on a sub-cellular level in a new (chiral) light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lewis MacKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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36
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Wang H, Heger M, Al-Jabiri MH, Xu Y. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Homo- and Heterochiral Amino Acid Dimers: Conformational Landscapes. Molecules 2021; 27:38. [PMID: 35011269 PMCID: PMC8746356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The homo- and heterochiral protonated dimers of asparagine with serine and with valine were investigated using infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Extensive quantum-chemical calculations were used in a three-tiered strategy to screen the conformational spaces of all four dimer species. The resulting binary structures were further grouped into five different types based on their intermolecular binding topologies and subunit configurations. For each dimer species, there are eight to fourteen final conformational geometries within a 10 kJ mol-1 window of the global minimum structure for each species. The comparison between the experimental IRMPD spectra and the simulated harmonic IR features allowed us to clearly identify the types of structures responsible for the observation. The monomeric subunits of the observed homo- and heterochiral dimers are compared to the corresponding protonated/neutral amino acid monomers observed experimentally in previous IRMDP/rotational spectroscopic studies. Possible chirality and kinetic influences on the experimental IRMPD spectra are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (H.W.); (M.H.); (M.H.A.-J.)
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37
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Bettini S, Grover N, Ottolini M, Mattern C, Valli L, Senge MO, Giancane G. Enantioselective Discrimination of Histidine by Means of an Achiral Cubane-Bridged Bis-Porphyrin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13882-13889. [PMID: 34784714 PMCID: PMC8638291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A Langmuir film of cubane-bridged bisporphyrin (H2por-cubane-H2por) at the air/water interface was developed and characterized. The floating film was successfully employed for the chiral discrimination between l- and d-histidine. The enantioselective behavior persisted after the deposition of the film on a solid support using the Langmuir-Schaefer method. Distinct absorption and reflection spectra were observed in the presence of l- or d-histidine, revealing that conformational switching was governed by the interaction between H2por-cubane-H2por and the histidine enantiomer. The mechanism of chiral selection was investigated using an ad hoc modified nulling ellipsometer, indicating the anti-conformation was dominant in the presence of l-histidine, whereas the presence of d-histidine promoted the formation of tweezer conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e, Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, Via G. Giusti, 9, Firenze 50121, Italy
| | - Nitika Grover
- School
of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University
of Dublin, 152−160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michela Ottolini
- Department
of Engineering of Innovation, Campus University Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Cornelia Mattern
- School
of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University
of Dublin, 152−160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e, Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, Via G. Giusti, 9, Firenze 50121, Italy
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School
of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University
of Dublin, 152−160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e, Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, Via G. Giusti, 9, Firenze 50121, Italy
- Department
of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago, Lecce 73100, Italy
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38
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Detection of Raspberry Ketone after Percutaneous Absorption of Rhododendrol-Containing Cosmetics and Its Mechanism of Formation. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of rhododendrol (RD)-induced leukoderma. We investigated the skin permeability of RD in an aqueous solution and in different cosmetic formulations (lotion and emulsion) in an in vitro skin permeation study. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an unknown substance appeared on the spectrum. For identification, we analyzed various possible substances, such as raspberry ketone (RK) and rhododendrol quinone, using HPLC and then compared the detected absorption spectra and further verified the matched components using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The unknown substance was found to be RK. To clarify the mechanism of formation of RK, we conducted a 24-h skin permeation test on heat-treated skin. By quantifying the RK in the samples using HPLC, we observed that an enzyme in the skin seemed to be the cause of RK generation and that the components of the emulsion formulation could also be a cause. To investigate the enzyme, we reacted alcohol dehydrogenase with RD and observed that it was one of the converting enzymes. As RK has been reported to be a substance that causes leukoderma, the intraepidermal metabolism of RD to RK may be one of the mechanisms of susceptibility to leukoderma.
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39
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Verma G, Mehta R, Kumar S, Ma S. Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a New Platform for Enantioselective Separations. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton, TX 76201 USA
| | - Ruhi Mehta
- Department of Chemistry Multani Mal Modi College Patiala 147001 Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Multani Mal Modi College Patiala 147001 Punjab India
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1508 W Mulberry St Denton, TX 76201 USA
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40
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Lightner CR, Gisler D, Meyer SA, Niese H, Keitel RC, Norris DJ. Measurement of Raman Optical Activity with High-Frequency Polarization Modulation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8132-8139. [PMID: 34488342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many chiroptical spectroscopic techniques have been developed to detect chirality in molecular species and probe its role in biological processes. Raman optical activity (ROA) should be one of the most powerful methods, as ROA yields vibrational and chirality information simultaneously and can measure analytes in aqueous and biologically relevant solvents. However, despite its promise, the use of ROA has been limited, largely due to challenges in instrumentation. Here, we report a new approach to ROA that exploits high-frequency polarization modulation. High-frequency polarization modulation, usually implemented with a photoelastic modulator (PEM), has long been the standard technique in other chiroptical spectroscopies. Unfortunately, the need for simultaneous spectral and polarization resolution has precluded the use of PEMs in ROA instruments. We combine a specialized camera system (the Zurich imaging polarimeter, or ZIMPOL) with PEM modulation to perform ROA measurements. We demonstrate performance similar to the current standard in ROA instrumentation while reducing complexity and polarization artifacts. This development should aid researchers in exploiting the full potential of ROA for chemical and biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin R Lightner
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gisler
- Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno (IRSOL), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6605 Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Meyer
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Niese
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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41
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Comparison of the modulatory effects of three structurally similar potential prebiotic substrates on an in vitro multi-species oral biofilm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15033. [PMID: 34294810 PMCID: PMC8298493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research identified potential prebiotic substrates for oral health like the structural analogues N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (NADM) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NADG). The main hypothesis of the current study was twofold. Firstly, it was hypothesized that the modulatory effects of NADM are not limited to changes in multi-species oral biofilm composition, but also include effects on metabolism, virulence, and inflammatory potential. Secondly, the presence and orientation of their N-acetyl group could play a role. Therefore, a comparison was made between the effects of NADM, NADG and D-(+)-mannose on multi-species oral biofilms. Besides a beneficial compositional shift, NADM-treated biofilms also showed an altered metabolism, a reduced virulence and a decreased inflammatory potential. At a substrate concentration of 1 M, these effects were pronounced for all biofilm aspects, whereas at ~ 0.05 M (1%(w/v)) only the effects on virulence were pronounced. When comparing between substrates, both the presence and orientation of the N-acetyl group played a role. However, this was generally only at 1 M and dependent on the biofilm aspect. Overall, NADM was found to have different effects at two concentrations that beneficially modulate in vitro multi-species oral biofilm composition, metabolism, virulence and inflammatory potential. The presence and orientation of the N-acetyl group influenced these effects.
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Han J, Dembinski R, Soloshonok VA, Klika KD. A Call for a Change in Policy Regarding the Necessity for SDE Tests to Validate the Veracity of the Outcome of Enantioselective Syntheses, the Inherent Chiral State of Natural Products, and Other Cases Involving Enantioenriched Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133994. [PMID: 34208870 PMCID: PMC8272130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.A.S.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.A.S.); (K.D.K.)
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de Ceuninck van Capelle LA, Macdonald JM, Hyland CJT. Stereogenic and conformational properties of medium-ring benzo-fused N-heterocycle atropisomers. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7098-7115. [PMID: 34190302 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00836f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medium-ring (7-9-membered) benzo-fused N-heterocycles - a core structure in several important pharmaceuticals - have a diverse range of interesting conformational and stereochemical properties which arise from restricted bond rotation in the non-aromatic ring. The atropisomers of these pharmaceutically relevant N-heterocycles typically exhibit different biological activities, warranting the need to deeply understand the factors controlling the conformation and stereochemistry of the systems. Beginning with a brief introduction to atropisomer classification, this review will detail a number of medium-ring benzo-fused N-heterocycle systems from the recent literature to provide an overview of structural factors which can affect the atropisomeric nature of the systems by altering the overall conformation and rate of stereo-inversion. As well as general factors such as ring-size and sterics, the impact of additional stereocentres in these systems will be addressed. This includes the differences between sulfur, nitrogen and carbon stereocentres, and the consequences of stereocentre placement around the N-heterocycle ring. Further, conformational stabilisation via non-covalent intramolecular bonds will be explored. As such, this review represents a significant resource for aiding in the design, synthesis and study of new and potentially bioactive medium-ring benzo-fused N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian A de Ceuninck van Capelle
- Molecular Horizons Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
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Blanco S, Macario A, López JC. The structure of isolated thalidomide as reference for its chirality-dependent biological activity: a laser-ablation rotational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13705-13713. [PMID: 34128013 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thalidomide is a drug that presents two enantiomers with markedly different pharmacological and toxicological activities. It is sadly famous due to its teratogenic effects mostly caused by the preferential docking of the (S)-enantiomer to the target protein cereblon (CRBN). To compare the structure of the bound CRBN thalidomide enantiomers with that of the isolated molecule, the rotational spectrum of laser-ablated thalidomide has been studied by chirp-pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in supersonic jets complemented by theoretical computations. A new setup of the laser ablation nozzle used is presented. Two stable equatorial and axial conformers of thalidomide have been predicted corresponding to the two possible bent conformations exhibited by the glutarimide moiety. Only the most stable equatorial conformer has been detected. The comparison of its structure with those of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers bound to CBRN shows that the bound (S) species is only slightly distorted. On the contrary, the bound (R)-enantiomer exhibits a highly distorted structure which affects the degree of puckering of the glutarimide ring and especially to the orientation of the phtalimide and glutarimide subunits. This is consistent with a less stable (R)-enantiomer and the known preference of (S)-thalidomide to bind CRBN, which starts the process leading to teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Blanco
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Macario
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos López
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Han J, Wzorek A, Klika KD, Soloshonok VA. Recommended Tests for the Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers (SDE) to Ensure Accurate Reporting of the Stereochemical Outcome of Enantioselective Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26092757. [PMID: 34067099 PMCID: PMC8124418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight the necessity of conducting tests to gauge the magnitude of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon to ensure the veracity of reported enantiomeric excess (ee) values for scalemic samples obtained from enantioselective reactions, natural products isolation, etc. The SDE always occurs to some degree whenever any scalemic sample is subjected to physicochemical processes concomitant with the fractionation of the sample, thus leading to erroneous reporting of the true ee of the sample if due care is not taken to either preclude the effects of the SDE by measurement of the ee prior to the application of physicochemical processes, suppressing the SDE, or evaluating all obtained fractions of the sample. Or even avoiding fractionation altogether if possible. There is a clear necessity to conduct tests to assess the magnitude of the SDE for the processes applied to samples and the updated and improved recommendations described herein cover chromatography and processes involving gas-phase transformations such as evaporation or sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Alicja Wzorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.D.K.); (V.A.S.)
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46
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Pham HN, Arrault A, Vanthuyne N, Acherar S. Multigram-scale HPLC enantioseparation as a rescue pathway for circumventing racemization problem during enantioselective synthesis of ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate. Chirality 2021; 33:324-336. [PMID: 33908096 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Racemic ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate is a key synthon for the design of promising therapeutic drugs. It is mainly synthesized from racemic ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate and 2-aminophenol in presence of K2 CO3 in refluxed acetone. Unfortunately, synthesis of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers using the enantioselective version of this reaction, which should normally be performed with a double SN 2 mechanism, is unsuitable due to a racemization process involving the dehydrobromination of enantiopure ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate into ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. For the first time, the enantioselective version is studied (ee ≈ 55-66%), and the percentage of racemization process has estimated to around 34-46% after determination of the optimal experimental conditions for analytical HPLC enantioseparation of racemate. The influence of the experimental and purification conditions on the racemization rate is also studied. The results indicate that racemization occurs faster at the beginning of the reaction but the initiation of the double SN 2 process takes place more faster to limit the racemization rate. The study of the influence of experimental conditions (reaction times, temperature, solvent or type of base, etc.) on the degree of racemization of the (R)- enantiomer is performed and shows that despite changes in the experimental conditions, the synthesis of the (R)- enantiomer is always accompanied by a racemization rate which is difficult in reducing. In parallel, (R)- and (S)-enantiomers are obtained in high enantiopurity (ee > 99.5%) by preparative HPLC enantioseparation of racemate on multigram scale and characterized by optical rotation measurements, ECD and UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ngoc Pham
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Axelle Arrault
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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47
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Flurbiprofen: A Study of the Behavior of the Scalemate by Chromatography, Sublimation, and NMR. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(2-Fluoro-4-biphenyl) propionic acid (flurbiprofen), from the phenylalkanoic acid family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s), is currently on the pharmaceutical market as a racemate. This racemic compound was tested for its propensity to undergo the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) phenomenon by various forms of chromatography (SDEvC), such as routine gravity-driven column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), as well as by sublimation (SDEvS). Furthermore, examination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in various solvents found that flurbiprofen exhibited the phenomenon of self-induced diastereomeric anisochronism (SIDA). By measurement of the diffusion coefficient (D), the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), and the transverse relaxation time (T2) using NMR, as well as by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) examinations, the preferred intermolecular association was found to be solvent dependent, e.g., heterochiral association was preferred in toluene, while homochiral association was preferred in more polar solvents. This study also attempted, unsuccessfully, to correlate the NMR measurements of flurbiprofen with chromatographic outcomes for the rationalization and prediction of chromatographic results based on NMR measurements. Because the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the acid groups in flurbiprofen overwhelmingly predominates over other intermolecular interactions, flurbiprofen seemed to represent a good test case for this idea. The behavior of scalemic samples of flurbiprofen is important, as, although it is currently dispensed as a racemate, clinical applications of the R enantiomer have been investigated. SDEvC and SDEvS both have ramifications for the preparation, handling, and storage of enantioenriched flurbiprofen, and this concern applies to other chiral drugs as well.
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48
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Makkonen E, Rossi TP, Larsen AH, Lopez-Acevedo O, Rinke P, Kuisma M, Chen X. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory implementation of electronic circular dichroism applied to nanoscale metal-organic clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114102. [PMID: 33752382 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) is a powerful spectroscopy method for investigating chiral properties at the molecular level. ECD calculations with the commonly used linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) framework can be prohibitively costly for large systems. To alleviate this problem, we present here an ECD implementation within the projector augmented-wave method in a real-time-propagation TDDFT framework in the open-source GPAW code. Our implementation supports both local atomic basis sets and real-space finite-difference representations of wave functions. We benchmark our implementation against an existing LR-TDDFT implementation in GPAW for small chiral molecules. We then demonstrate the efficiency of our local atomic basis set implementation for a large hybrid nanocluster and discuss the chiroptical properties of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esko Makkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomas P Rossi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Olga Lopez-Acevedo
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuisma
- Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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49
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Meena, Lemaitre MM. Stereocontrolled Oligonucleotides for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: A Perspective. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:1-6. [PMID: 33305971 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meena
- Bioanalytical, DMPK and Biomarker Development, Stoke Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Gök Y, Aykut İT, Gök HZ. Readily accessible mesoporous silica nanoparticles supported chiral urea‐amine bifunctional catalysts for enantioselective reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Gök
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucak Faculty of Technology Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
| | - İrem Tutkum Aykut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucak Faculty of Technology Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
| | - Halil Zeki Gök
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bucak Faculty of Technology Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur Turkey
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