1
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Kise R, Inoue A. GPCR signaling bias: an emerging framework for opioid drug development. J Biochem 2024; 175:367-376. [PMID: 38308136 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biased signaling, also known as functional selectivity, has emerged as an important concept in drug development targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Drugs that provoke biased signaling are expected to offer an opportunity for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness with minimized side effects. Opioid analgesics, whilst exerting potent pain-relieving effects, have become a social problem owing to their serious side effects. For the development of safer pain medications, there has been extensive exploration of agonists with a distinct balance of G-protein and β-arrestin (βarr) signaling. Recently, several approaches based on protein-protein interactions have been developed to precisely evaluate individual signal pathways, paving the way for the comprehensive analysis of biased signals. In this review, we describe an overview of bias signaling in opioid receptors, especially the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), and how to evaluate signaling bias in the GPCR field. We also discuss future directions for rational drug development through the integration of diverse signal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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2
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He Q, McCoy MR, Yang H, Lin M, Cui X, Zhao S, Morisseau C, Li D, Hammock BD. Mix-and-Read Nanobody-Based Sandwich Homogeneous Split-Luciferase Assay for the Rapid Detection of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6038-6045. [PMID: 36972550 PMCID: PMC10335774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is possibly both a marker for and target of numerous diseases. Herein, we describe a homogeneous mix-and-read assay for the detection of human sEH based on using split-luciferase detection coupled with anti-sEH nanobodies. Selective anti-sEH nanobodies were individually fused with NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT), which consists of a large and small portion of NanoLuc (LgBiT and SmBiT, respectively). Different orientations of the LgBiT and SmBiT-nanobody fusions were expressed and investigated for their ability to reform the active NanoLuc in the presence of the sEH. After optimization, the linear range of the assay could reach 3 orders of magnitude with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 ng/mL. The assay has a high sensitivity to human sEH and reached a similar detection limit to our previously reported conventional nanobody-based ELISA. The procedure of the assay was faster (30 min total) and easy to operate, providing a more flexible and simple way to monitor human sEH levels in biological samples. In general, the immunoassay proposed here offers a more efficient detection and quantification approach that can be easily adapted to numerous macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi He
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Mark R. McCoy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Huiyi Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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3
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Heo Y, Ishimoto N, Jeon YE, Yun JH, Ohki M, Anraku Y, Sasaki M, Kita S, Fukuhara H, Ikuta T, Kawakami K, Inoue A, Maenaka K, Tame JRH, Lee W, Park SY. Structure of the human galanin receptor 2 bound to galanin and Gq reveals the basis of ligand specificity and how binding affects the G-protein interface. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001714. [PMID: 35913979 PMCID: PMC9371267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it regulates various processes including neuroendocrine release, cognition, and nerve regeneration. Three G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) for galanin have been discovered, which is the focus of efforts to treat diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, and addiction. To understand the basis of the ligand preferences of the receptors and to assist structure-based drug design, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to solve the molecular structure of GALR2 bound to galanin and a cognate heterotrimeric G-protein, providing a molecular view of the neuropeptide binding site. Mutant proteins were assayed to help reveal the basis of ligand specificity, and structural comparison between the activated GALR2 and inactive hβ2AR was used to relate galanin binding to the movements of transmembrane (TM) helices and the G-protein interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseok Heo
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Naito Ishimoto
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ye-Eun Jeon
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- PCG-Biotech, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Mio Ohki
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mina Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Weontae Lee
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- PCG-Biotech, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WL); (S-YP)
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (WL); (S-YP)
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BRET-Based Biosensors to Measure Agonist Efficacies in Histamine H 1 Receptor-Mediated G Protein Activation, Signaling and Interactions with GRKs and β-Arrestins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063184. [PMID: 35328605 PMCID: PMC8953162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H1 receptor (H1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and plays a key role in allergic reactions upon activation by histamine which is locally released from mast cells and basophils. Consequently, H1R is a well-established therapeutic target for antihistamines that relieve allergy symptoms. H1R signals via heterotrimeric Gq proteins and is phosphorylated by GPCR kinase (GRK) subtypes 2, 5, and 6, consequently facilitating the subsequent recruitment of β-arrestin1 and/or 2. Stimulation of a GPCR with structurally different agonists can result in preferential engagement of one or more of these intracellular signaling molecules. To evaluate this so-called biased agonism for H1R, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensors were applied to measure H1R signaling through heterotrimeric Gq proteins, second messengers (inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and Ca2+), and receptor-protein interactions (GRKs and β-arrestins) in response to histamine, 2-phenylhistamines, and histaprodifens in a similar cellular background. Although differences in efficacy were observed for these agonists between some functional readouts as compared to reference agonist histamine, subsequent data analysis using an operational model of agonism revealed only signaling bias of the agonist Br-phHA-HA in recruiting β-arrestin2 to H1R over Gq biosensor activation.
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5
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Seibel-Ehlert U, Plank N, Inoue A, Bernhardt G, Strasser A. Label-Free Investigations on the G Protein Dependent Signaling Pathways of Histamine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9739. [PMID: 34575903 PMCID: PMC8467282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein activation represents an early key event in the complex GPCR signal transduction process and is usually studied by label-dependent methods targeting specific molecular events. However, the constrained environment of such "invasive" techniques could interfere with biological processes. Although histamine receptors (HRs) represent (evolving) drug targets, their signal transduction is not fully understood. To address this issue, we established a non-invasive dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay for the human H1-4Rs expressed in HEK cells, showing excellent signal-to-background ratios above 100 for histamine (HIS) and higher than 24 for inverse agonists with pEC50 values consistent with literature. Taking advantage of the integrative nature of the DMR assay, the involvement of endogenous Gαq/11, Gαs, Gα12/13 and Gβγ proteins was explored, pursuing a two-pronged approach, namely that of classical pharmacology (G protein modulators) and that of molecular biology (Gα knock-out HEK cells). We showed that signal transduction of hH1-4Rs occurred mainly, but not exclusively, via their canonical Gα proteins. For example, in addition to Gαi/o, the Gαq/11 protein was proven to contribute to the DMR response of hH3,4Rs. Moreover, the Gα12/13 was identified to be involved in the hH2R mediated signaling pathway. These results are considered as a basis for future investigations on the (patho)physiological role and the pharmacological potential of H1-4Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Seibel-Ehlert
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (N.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicole Plank
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (N.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Guenther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (N.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (N.P.); (G.B.)
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6
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A rationally designed c-di-AMP FRET biosensor to monitor nucleotide dynamics. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0008021. [PMID: 34309402 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00080-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3'3'-cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an important nucleotide second messenger found throughout the bacterial domain of life. C-di-AMP is essential in many bacteria and regulates a diverse array of effector proteins controlling pathogenesis, cell wall homeostasis, osmoregulation, and central metabolism. Despite the ubiquity and importance of c-di-AMP, methods to detect this signaling molecule are limited, particularly at single cell resolution. In this work, crystallization of the Listeria monocytogenes c-di-AMP effector protein Lmo0553 enabled structure guided design of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor, which we have named CDA5. CDA5 is a fully genetically encodable, specific, and reversible biosensor which allows for the detection of c-di-AMP dynamics both in vitro and within live cells in a nondestructive manner. Our initial studies identify a distribution of c-di-AMP in Bacillus subtilis populations first grown in Luria Broth and then resuspended in diluted Luria Broth compatible with florescence analysis. Furthermore, we find that B. subtilis mutants lacking either a c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase or cyclase have respectively higher and lower FRET responses. These findings provide novel insight into the c-di-AMP distribution within bacterial populations and establish CDA5 as a powerful platform for characterizing new aspects of c-di-AMP regulation. Importance C-di-AMP is an important nucleotide second messenger for which detection methods are severely limited. In this work we engineer and implement a c-di-AMP specific FRET biosensor to remedy this dearth. We present this biosensor, CDA5, as a versatile tool to investigate previously intractable facets of c-di-AMP biology.
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7
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Quantitative Determination and Imaging of Gα q Signaling in Live Cells via Split-Luciferase Complementation. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34050463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1258-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce signals elicited by bioactive chemical agents (ligands), such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or cytokines, across the cellular membrane. Upon ligand binding, the receptor undergoes structural rearrangements, which cause the activation of G proteins. This triggers the activation of signaling cascades involving amplification, which takes place after every stage of the cascade. Consequently, signals from early stages can be masked when the activation of the signaling cascade is probed remote (distal) from the receptor. This led to the development of several techniques, which probe the activation of such signaling cascades as proximal to the receptor as possible. However, these methods often require specialized equipment or are limited in throughput. By applying split-luciferase complementation to the interaction between the Gαq protein and its effector the phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3), we introduce a protocol with a conventional plate reader at high throughput. The method is applicable to live cells and additionally allows imaging of the probe by bioluminescence microscopy.
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8
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Volpato D, Kauk M, Messerer R, Bermudez M, Wolber G, Bock A, Hoffmann C, Holzgrabe U. The Role of Orthosteric Building Blocks of Bitopic Ligands for Muscarinic M1 Receptors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31706-31715. [PMID: 33344823 PMCID: PMC7745449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor is an important drug target for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Designing M1 receptor-selective drugs has proven challenging, mainly due to the high conservation of the acetylcholine binding site among muscarinic receptor subtypes. Therefore, less conserved and topographically distinct allosteric binding sites have been explored to increase M1 receptor selectivity. In this line, bitopic ligands, which target orthosteric and allosteric binding sites simultaneously, may provide a promising strategy. Here, we explore the allosteric, M1-selective BQCAd scaffold derived from BQCA as a starting point for the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a series of novel bitopic ligands in which the orthosteric moieties and linker lengths are systematically varied. Since β-arrestin recruitment seems to be favorable to therapeutic implication, all the compounds were investigated by G protein and β-arrestin assays. Some bitopic ligands are partial to full agonists for G protein activation, some activate β-arrestin recruitment, and the degree of β-arrestin recruitment varies according to the respective modification. The allosteric BQCAd scaffold controls the positioning of the orthosteric ammonium group of all ligands, suggesting that this interaction is essential for stimulating G protein activation. However, β-arrestin recruitment is not affected. The novel set of bitopic ligands may constitute a toolbox to study the requirements of β-arrestin recruitment during ligand design for therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Volpato
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute
for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine,
University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Messerer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4 in 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4 in 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Max
Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute
for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine,
University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- . Tel.: +49 931 31-85460
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9
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Pollock AJ, Zaver SA, Woodward JJ. A STING-based biosensor affords broad cyclic dinucleotide detection within single living eukaryotic cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3533. [PMID: 32669552 PMCID: PMC7363834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are second messengers conserved across all three domains of life. Within eukaryotes they mediate protective roles in innate immunity against malignant, viral, and bacterial disease, and exert pathological effects in autoimmune disorders. Despite their ubiquitous role in diverse biological contexts, CDN detection methods are limited. Here, using structure guided design of the murine STING CDN binding domain, we engineer a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor deemed BioSTING. Recombinant BioSTING affords real-time detection of CDN synthase activity and inhibition. Expression of BioSTING in live human cells allows quantification of localized bacterial and eukaryotic CDN levels in single cells with low nanomolar sensitivity. These findings establish BioSTING as a powerful kinetic in vitro platform amenable to high throughput screens and as a broadly applicable cellular tool to interrogate the temporal and spatial dynamics of CDN signaling in a variety of infectious, malignant, and autoimmune contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Pollock
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shivam A Zaver
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Joshua J Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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10
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Bartole E, Grätz L, Littmann T, Wifling D, Seibel U, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. UR-DEBa242: A Py-5-Labeled Fluorescent Multipurpose Probe for Investigations on the Histamine H3 and H4 Receptors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5297-5311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Bartole
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulla Seibel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Maspero M, Volpato D, Cirillo D, Yuan Chen N, Messerer R, Sotriffer C, De Amici M, Holzgrabe U, Dallanoce C. Tacrine-xanomeline and tacrine-iperoxo hybrid ligands: Synthesis and biological evaluation at acetylcholinesterase and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Schramm S, Agnetta L, Bermudez M, Gerwe H, Irmen M, Holze J, Littmann T, Wolber G, Tränkle C, Decker M. Novel BQCA- and TBPB-Derived M 1 Receptor Hybrid Ligands: Orthosteric Carbachol Differentially Regulates Partial Agonism. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1349-1358. [PMID: 31166078 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, investigations of the complex mechanisms of allostery have led to a deeper understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and signaling processes. In this context, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly relevant due to their exemplary role in the study of allosteric modulation. In this work, we compare and discuss two sets of putatively dualsteric ligands, which were designed to connect carbachol to different types of allosteric ligands. We chose derivatives of TBPB [1-(1'-(2-tolyl)-1,4'-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one] as M1 -selective putative bitopic ligands, and derivatives of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) as an M1 positive allosteric modulator, varying the distance between the allosteric and orthosteric building blocks. Luciferase protein complementation assays demonstrated that linker length must be carefully chosen to yield either agonist or antagonist behavior. These findings may help to design biased signaling and/or different extents of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schramm
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Gerwe
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Irmen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Holze
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Optical approaches for single-cell and subcellular analysis of GPCR-G protein signaling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4481-4508. [PMID: 30927013 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G proteins, and their signaling associates are major signal transducers that control the majority of cellular signaling and regulate key biological functions including immune, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes. These pathways are targeted by over one-third of drugs on the market; however, the current understanding of their function is limited and primarily derived from cell-destructive approaches providing an ensemble of static, multi-cell information about the status and composition of molecules. Spatiotemporal behavior of molecules involved is crucial to understanding in vivo cell behaviors both in health and disease, and the advent of genetically encoded fluorescence proteins and small fluorophore-based biosensors has facilitated the mapping of dynamic signaling in cells with subcellular acuity. Since we and others have developed optogenetic methods to regulate GPCR-G protein signaling in single cells and subcellular regions using dedicated wavelengths, the desire to develop and adopt optogenetically amenable assays to measure signaling has motivated us to take a broader look at the available optical tools and approaches compatible with measuring single-cell and subcellular GPCR-G protein signaling. Here we review such key optical approaches enabling the examination of GPCR, G protein, secondary messenger, and downstream molecules such as kinase and lipid signaling in living cells. The methods reviewed employ both fluorescence and bioluminescence detection. We not only further elaborate the underlying principles of these sensors but also discuss the experimental criteria and limitations to be considered during their use in single-cell and subcellular signal mapping.
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Littmann T, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. Split luciferase-based assay for simultaneous analyses of the ligand concentration- and time-dependent recruitment of β-arrestin2. Anal Biochem 2019; 573:8-16. [PMID: 30853375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional selectivity of agonists has gained increasing interest in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research, e.g. due to expectations of drugs with reduced adverse effects. Different agonist-dependent GPCR conformations are conceived to selectively activate a balanced or imbalanced intracellular signalling response, involving e.g. different Gα subtypes, Gβγ-subunits and β-arrestins. To discriminate between the different signalling pathways (bias), sensitive techniques are needed that do not interfere with signalling. We applied split luciferase complementation to the GPCR/β-arrestin2 interaction and thoroughly analysed the influence of its implementation on intracellular signalling. This led to an assay enabling the functional characterization of ligands at the hH1R, the hM1,5R and the hNTS1R in live HEK293T cells. As demonstrated at the hM1,5R, the assay was sensitive enough to identify iperoxo as a superagonist. Time-dependent analyses of the recruitment of β-arrestin2 became possible, allowing the identification of class A and class B GPCRs, due to the differential duration of their interaction with β-arrestin2 and their recycling to the cell membrane. The developed β-arrestin2 recruitment assay, which provides concentration- and time-dependent information on the interaction between GPCRs and β-arrestin2 upon stimulation of the receptor, should be broadly applicable and of high value for the analysis of agonist bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Agnetta L, Bermudez M, Riefolo F, Matera C, Claro E, Messerer R, Littmann T, Wolber G, Holzgrabe U, Decker M. Fluorination of Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonists Tunes Receptor Pharmacology and Photochromic Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3009-3020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències (INc) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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