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Xu R, Chen Y, Yao Z, Wu W, Cui J, Wang R, Diao Y, Jin C, Hong Z, Li X. Application of machine learning algorithms to identify people with low bone density. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1347219. [PMID: 38726233 PMCID: PMC11080984 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1347219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is becoming more common worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on individuals and society. The onset of osteoporosis is subtle, early detection is challenging, and population-wide screening is infeasible. Thus, there is a need to develop a method to identify those at high risk for osteoporosis. Objective This study aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to effectively identify people with low bone density, using readily available demographic and blood biochemical data. Methods Using NHANES 2017-2020 data, participants over 50 years old with complete femoral neck BMD data were selected. This cohort was randomly divided into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Lasso regression selected variables for inclusion in six machine learning models built on the training data: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), naive Bayes (NB), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). NHANES data from the 2013-2014 cycle was used as an external validation set input into the models to verify their generalizability. Model discrimination was assessed via AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1 score. Calibration curves evaluated goodness-of-fit. Decision curves determined clinical utility. The SHAP framework analyzed variable importance. Results A total of 3,545 participants were included in the internal validation set of this study, of whom 1870 had normal bone density and 1,675 had low bone density Lasso regression selected 19 variables. In the test set, AUC was 0.785 (LR), 0.780 (SVM), 0.775 (GBM), 0.729 (NB), 0.771 (ANN), and 0.768 (RF). The LR model has the best discrimination and a better calibration curve fit, the best clinical net benefit for the decision curve, and it also reflects good predictive power in the external validation dataset The top variables in the LR model were: age, BMI, gender, creatine phosphokinase, total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion The machine learning model demonstrated effective classification of low BMD using blood biomarkers. This could aid clinical decision making for osteoporosis prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhihan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxue Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yizhuo Diao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenxin Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Hong
- The Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Mexis D, Nomikos T, Mitsopoulos N, Kostopoulos N. Effect of a 6-Week Preseason Training Protocol on Physiological and Muscle Damage Markers in High-Level Female and Male Basketball Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:229. [PMID: 37999446 PMCID: PMC10674927 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-week preseason functional and plyometric fitness training protocol, on physiological and biochemical markers of performance and exercise-induced muscle damage, and to compare the response of these markers between high-level female and male basketball players. The sample of the study consisted of 19 professional athletes (10 male; 9 female) competing in two different teams. The examined markers were body mass, BMI, fat percentage, speed, acceleration, explosiveness, vertical jumping ability, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The preseason training period improved speed, acceleration, explosiveness and vertical jumping ability (~1-8%) and led to significant fat percentage reductions in both groups equivalently. CK and LDH increased similarly in both groups, and the percentage increases were higher for CK compared to LDH. Further investigation and a larger sample size are required in order to determine an approach that is more capable of maximizing performance without causing any possible injuries that may be related to muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mexis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Mitsopoulos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostopoulos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (N.M.)
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Kawashima I, Hiraiwa H, Ishizuka S, Oba H, Sakaguchi T, Idota M, Kawai R, Tsukahara T, Imagama S. Displaced tibial and fibular stress fractures in a female elite pole-vaulter with menstrual dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, and high serum pentosidine. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:1513-1517. [PMID: 34794859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Kawashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hiraiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takefumi Sakaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Idota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahi University Hospital, 3-23 Hashimotocho, Gifu, Gifu, 500-8523, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asahi University Hospital, 3-23 Hashimotocho, Gifu, Gifu, 500-8523, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Liu R, Li Z, Yu XC, Hu JN, Zhu N, Liu XR, Hao YT, Kang JW, Li Y. The Effects of Peanut Oligopeptides on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice and Its Underlying Mechanism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071743. [PMID: 37049582 PMCID: PMC10096783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-fatigue effect of peanut oligopeptides (POPs) in mice and to investigate its possible underlying mechanism. A total of 150 male ICR mice were randomly assigned into five groups: control, whey protein (0.50 g/kg·bw), and three peanut peptide groups (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg·bw). All the mice were treated with intra-gastric administration for 30 days. Following the intervention, a weight-loaded swimming test, blood lactate concentration, glycogen content, the activities of antioxidant factors and energy metabolism enzymes, and the function of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle were examined. The results show that POP intervention significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, decreased blood lactate concentration levels, regulated the process of energy metabolism, and increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, muscle glycogen, and expressions of mtTFA and NRF-1 in the mitochondria of the gastrocnemius muscle. The results suggest that POPs produce an anti-fatigue effect in the animals, and they may exert this effect through the mechanism of improving the animals’ antioxidant capacity to reduce oxidative damage levels and regulating the process of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Ni Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun-Tao Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Wei Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Ito E, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Soma T, Matsumoto T, Kimura A, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Sato K, Miyamoto T. Low energy availability reduces bone mass and gonadal function in male mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:182-192. [PMID: 36914793 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In women, the female athlete triad, marked by low energy availability, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and osteoporosis, is a recognized risk for stress fractures. Stress injuries also occur in men, but by contrast risks and mechanisms underlying them are less characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 week-old wild-type male mice were fed ad libitum (ad) or subjected to 60% food restriction (FR) for five weeks. In both groups, some mice were allowed access to an exercise wheel in cages to allow voluntary wheel running (ex) and/or treated with active vitamin D analogues. Mice were sacrificed and analyzed at 10 weeks of age. RESULT Male FR mice exhibited significantly reduced testicle weight, serum testosterone levels and bone mass. Such bone losses in FR male mice were enhanced by exercise. Histological analysis revealed that both bone-resorbing and -forming activities were significantly reduced in FR or FR plus exercise (FR + ex) mice, mimicking a state of low bone turnover. Significantly reduced bone mass in FR or FR + ex male mice was significantly rescued by treatment with active vitamin D analogues, with significant restoration of osteoblastic activities. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is critical for bone remodeling, were significantly lower in FR versus control male mice. CONCLUSIONS Low energy availability puts men at risk for stress injuries as well, and low energy availability is upstream of gonadal dysfunction and osteoporosis in males. Active vitamin D analogues could serve as therapeutic or preventive options for stress injuries in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ito
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-Machi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tami Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Soma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atushi Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-Machi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-Machi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Hata R, Miyamoto K, Abe Y, Sasaki T, Oguma Y, Tajima T, Arai Y, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Kanaji A, Miyamoto T. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are associated with each other and reduced IGF1 levels are a risk for both diseases in the very old elderly. Bone 2023; 166:116570. [PMID: 36182103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is mandatory to manage musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly to prevent their becoming bed-ridden or requiring long-term care. However, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia in otherwise healthy people over 85 years old is not completely known. Here we enrolled 1026 healthy subjects between 85 and 89 years old and evaluated them for the presence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and fragility fracture(s), and how those conditions were related. We also evaluated biomarkers such as serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and vitamin D status. The prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia or fragility fracture(s) in these subjects was 22.4, 10.2 or 15.0 %, respectively. Serum IGF1 and 25(OH)D were significantly and negatively correlated with osteoporosis or sarcopenia. Osteoporosis and either sarcopenia or fragility fracture(s) were significantly related and shown to be risk factors for each other, even after adjustment for gender and BMI, while sarcopenia and fragility fracture(s) were not associated. Our data may provide a health platform for the very elderly and suggest strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Centre for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Centre for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Oguma
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-0061, Japan; Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-0061, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tajima
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-0061, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Centre for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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Kayadiol exerted anticancer effects through p53-mediated ferroptosis in NKTCL cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:724. [PMID: 35778693 PMCID: PMC9250166 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that facing the treatment challenges. Natural compounds are important sources for drug development because of their diverse biological and chemical properties, among which terpenoids have strong anticancer activities. METHODS The human NK/T cell lymphoma cell line YT and peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from NKTCL patients were treated with different concentrations of kayadiol. Then, the following experiments were performed: CCK-8 assay for cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) assay and co-treatment with NAC, reduced GSH, or ferrostatin-1 for ferroptosis, the proteome profiling for elucidating signaling pathways, and western blot for the expression of p53, SCL7A11, and GPX4. siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for p53 knockout was designed and transfected into YT cells to evaluate the causal role of p53 in kayadiol-induced ferroptosis. The synergistic effect was evaluated by CCK8 assay after co-treatment of kayadiol with L-asparaginase or cisplatin. RESULTS In this study, we found that kayadiol, a diterpenoid extracted from Torreya nucifera, exerted significant killing effect on NKTCL cells without killing the healthy lymphocytes. Subsequently, we observed that kayadiol treatment triggered significant ferroptosis events, including ROS accumulation and GSH depletion. ROS scavenger NAC, GSH, and ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) reversed kayadiol-induced cell death in NKTCL cells. Furthermore, kayadiol decreased the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, the negative regulatory proteins for ferroptosis. We then demonstrated that p53 was the key mediator of kayadiol-induced ferroptosis by SLC7A11/GPX4 axis through p53 knockout experiments. In addition, kayadiol exerted a synergistic effect with L-asparaginase and cisplatin in NKTCL cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggested that the natural product kayadiol exerted anticancer effects through p53-mediated ferroptosis in NK/T cell lymphoma cells. Hence, it can serve as an effective alternative in the treatment of NK/T cell lymphoma, especially for patients exhibiting chemoresistance.
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The Relationship Between Stress Fractures and Bone Turnover Markers Is Unclear in Athletic and Military Populations: A Critically Appraised Topic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC THERAPY AND TRAINING 2022. [DOI: 10.1123/ijatt.2021-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Scenario: Having an indication of how bone is remodeling in response to training load could help identify athletes and military personnel at increased stress fracture (SFx) risk. Direct assessment of bone remodeling is impractical. Biochemical markers of bone turnover are used as an indirect measure of bone remodeling and have potential to inform prevention and treatment efforts. To date, the relationship between bone turnover markers and SFxs in athletes or military personnel remains unclear. Clinical Question: Are SFxs related to bone turnover markers in athletes and military personnel? Summary of Key Findings: Seven met eligibility criteria. In five studies, an association between SFxs and bone turnover markers existed. Clinical Bottom Line: The evidence supporting a relationship between SFxs and bone turnover markers in athletes and military personnel is mixed. While five of the seven studies reported some type of relationship, no studies prospectively measured bone turnover markers in a group of athletes or military personnel without an SFx or without SFx history and followed them over time to reassess bone turnover markers upon SFx occurrence. Strength of Clinical Recommendation: In accordance with the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, Grade C is the most appropriate strength of recommendation rating.
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Indirli R, Lanzi V, Mantovani G, Arosio M, Ferrante E. Bone health in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: What the endocrinologist needs to know. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:946695. [PMID: 36303862 PMCID: PMC9592968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the original definition by Klinefelter, Albright and Griswold, the expression "hypothalamic hypoestrogenism" was used to describe functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA). Given the well-known effects of estrogens on bone, the physiopathology of skeletal fragility in this condition may appear self-explanatory. Actually, a growing body of evidence has clarified that estrogens are only part of the story. FHA occurs in eating disorders, overtraining, and during psychological or physical stress. Despite some specific characteristics which differentiate these conditions, relative energy deficiency is a common trigger that initiates the metabolic and endocrine derangements contributing to bone loss. Conversely, data on the impact of amenorrhoea on bone density or microarchitecture are controversial, and reduced bone mass is observed even in patients with preserved menstrual cycle. Consistently, oral estrogen-progestin combinations have not proven beneficial on bone density of amenorrheic women. Low bone density is a highly prevalent finding in these patients and entails an increased risk of stress or fragility fractures, and failure to achieve peak bone mass and target height in young girls. Pharmacological treatments have been studied, including androgens, insulin-like growth factor-1, bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide, leptin, but none of them is currently approved for use in FHA. A timely screening for bone complications and a multidisciplinary, customized approach aiming to restore energy balance, ensure adequate protein, calcium and vitamin D intake, and reverse the detrimental metabolic-endocrine changes typical of this condition, should be the preferred approach until further studies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Indirli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rita Indirli,
| | - Valeria Lanzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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JABEEN S, INAM-UR-RAHEEM M, HETTIARACHCHY N, SAMEEN A, Riaz A, KHAN WA, AYUB Z, ABDULLAH M, AADIL RM. Effect of nutri-bar in the development of stamina building and exercise-performance in young male-athletes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.26620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Relationship among Nutritional Intake, Anxiety, and Menstrual Irregularity in Elite Rowers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103436. [PMID: 34684430 PMCID: PMC8537838 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence showing that excessive mental stress is detrimental to the menstrual period, and it is known that many elite athletes are highly susceptible to mental anxiety. This study investigated the nutritional intake and mental anxiety of 104 relatively young elite endurance athletes aged 16 to 23 years and used a multiple logistic model to examine the factors that might be related to menstrual irregularity. Calcium intake was marginally associated with the occurrence of menstrual irregularities (odds ratio = 1.004, p = 0.030), whereas there were strong associations between body mass or state anxiety and menstrual irregularities in elite athletes (odds ratio = 0.557, p = 0.035 for body mass; odds ratio = 1.094, p = 0.006 for state anxiety). These results suggested that state anxiety would be an important factor causing menstrual irregularity in elite endurance athletes. It is recommended that elite athletes are monitored for anxiety levels and develop a strategy for stress management.
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Albuquerque N, Mills DS, Guo K, Wilkinson A, Resende B. Dogs can infer implicit information from human emotional expressions. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:231-240. [PMID: 34390430 PMCID: PMC8940826 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to infer emotional states and their wider consequences requires the establishment of relationships between the emotional display and subsequent actions. These abilities, together with the use of emotional information from others in social decision making, are cognitively demanding and require inferential skills that extend beyond the immediate perception of the current behaviour of another individual. They may include predictions of the significance of the emotional states being expressed. These abilities were previously believed to be exclusive to primates. In this study, we presented adult domestic dogs with a social interaction between two unfamiliar people, which could be positive, negative or neutral. After passively witnessing the actors engaging silently with each other and with the environment, dogs were given the opportunity to approach a food resource that varied in accessibility. We found that the available emotional information was more relevant than the motivation of the actors (i.e. giving something or receiving something) in predicting the dogs' responses. Thus, dogs were able to access implicit information from the actors' emotional states and appropriately use the affective information to make context-dependent decisions. The findings demonstrate that a non-human animal can actively acquire information from emotional expressions, infer some form of emotional state and use this functionally to make decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Albuquerque
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
| | - Daniel S Mills
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Kun Guo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Briseida Resende
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Gao L, Gong FZ, Ma LY, Yang JH. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the PKA-AMPK-SIRT1 axis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:880. [PMID: 34194558 PMCID: PMC8237271 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced bone density, thin cortical bone and large gaps in the bone's honeycomb structure, which increases the risk of bone fragility. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (unOC), a vitamin K-dependent bone protein, is known to regulate carbohydrate and energy metabolism. A previous study demonstrated that unOC promotes the differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts, but inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study showed that unOC regulated the differentiation potential of BMSCs via protein kinase A (PKA)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling. SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family with deacetylation functions, was upregulated by unOC in BMSCs. Transfection analyses with SIRT1 small interfering RNA indicated that the unOC-induced differentiation shift in BMSCs required SIRT1. Examination of SIRT1 downstream targets revealed that unOC regulated the acetylation levels of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Therefore, unOC inhibited adipogenic differentiation by PPARγ acetylation and promoted osteogenic differentiation by RUNX2 deacetylation. Moreover, phosphorylated PKA and AMPK protein levels increased after unOC treatment, which led to the upregulation of SIRT1. Western blot analysis with PKA and AMPK inhibitors indicated that the PKA-AMPK signaling pathway functioned upstream of SIRT1 and positively regulated SIRT1 expression. These findings led us to propose a model in which unOC regulated BMSC osteogenic differentiation through the PKA-AMPK-SIRT1 axis, giving evidence towards the therapeutic potential of unOC in osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Zi Gong
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Yao Ma
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Yang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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14
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Ishizu T, Torii S, Taguchi M. Habitual Dietary Status and Stress Fracture Risk Among Japanese Female Collegiate Athletes. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:481-488. [PMID: 34125657 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1920068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to identify the habitual dietary intake and stress fractures history among sport types and to determine the factors related to the risk of stress fractures among Japanese female collegiate athletes. METHODS This study involved 589 Japanese female collegiate athletes. We investigated habitual dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire), eating attitude (EAT-26), demographics, training status, participation in sports events, history of injury in their career, and menstrual status using a self-reported questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with stress fractures. RESULTS Thirty percent of the total participants had a history of stress fractures, although most participants had no risk of eating disorders. Most Japanese female collegiate athletes consumed less than the dietary reference intake levels for the general Japanese female population aged 18-29 years and the athletes' dietary guideline for key bone-health nutrients such as calcium and vitamin D. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed body mass index (BMI; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) and energy intake (EI; OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99) as significant and independent factors in the history of stress fractures among Japanese female collegiate athletes (p = 0.047 and p = 0.039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Japanese female collegiate athletes failed to meet energy and nutrient recommendations; BMI and EI were significantly associated with stress fractures, a diet that includes an appropriate amount of energy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishizu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suguru Torii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Taguchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Xie Q, Sun Y, Cao L, Chen L, Chen J, Cheng X, Wang C. Antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:6352-6362. [PMID: 32608442 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement that is widely used in China. This study aimed to investigate the antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of different extracts and fractions from C. pilosula, including ethanol extract (ETH), water extract (WAT), polysaccharides (POL), inulin (INU) and oligosaccharides (OLI). Different extracts and fractions were orally administered to mice at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1 once a day for 21 days. Antifatigue activity was assessed through the weight-loaded swimming test on the 21st day, and antihypoxia activity was evaluated through the normobarie hypoxia test on the following day. Finally, biochemical parameters, such as liver glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels, were determined. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment, only POL treatment significantly prolonged the swimming time of the mice. POL groups had the strongest hypoxia tolerance, followed by the OLI and WAT groups. The levels of LG and MG were significantly increased by treatment with POL at the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1, whereas BUN and LDH levels in POL groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. MDA under POL and OLI treatment was significantly lower than that under the control treatment. In addition, treatments with POL and OLI, except for treatment with a low dose of OLI, significantly increased GSH levels. In conclusion, POL could efficiently enhance antifatigue and antihypoxia abilities by increasing energy resources, decreasing detrimental metabolite accumulation, and enhancing antioxidant activity. OLI could improve antihypoxia activity by preventing lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lanlan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liangni Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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16
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Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures-A Narrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030223. [PMID: 33804459 PMCID: PMC7999420 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in literature. Among different risk factors, a prolonged lack of vitamin D (25(OH)D) can lead to stress fractures in athletes since 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with an increased incidence of a fracture. A 25(OH)D value of <75.8 nmol/L is a risk factor for a stress fracture. 25(OH)D deficiency is, however, only one of several potential risk factors. Well-documented risk factors for a stress fracture include female sex, white ethnicity, older age, taller stature, lower aerobic fitness, prior physical inactivity, greater amounts of current physical training, thinner bones, 25(OH)D deficiency, iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances, and inadequate intake of 25(OH)D and/or calcium. Stress fractures are not uncommon in athletes and affect around 20% of all competitors. Most athletes with a stress fracture are under 25 years of age. Stress fractures can affect every sporty person, from weekend athletes to top athletes. Stress fractures are common in certain sports disciplines such as basketball, baseball, athletics, rowing, soccer, aerobics, and classical ballet. The lower extremity is increasingly affected for stress fractures with the locations of the tibia, metatarsalia and pelvis. Regarding prevention and therapy, 25(OH)D seems to play an important role. Athletes should have an evaluation of 25(OH)D -dependent calcium homeostasis based on laboratory tests of 25-OH-D3, calcium, creatinine, and parathyroid hormone. In case of a deficiency of 25(OH)D, normal blood levels of ≥30 ng/mL may be restored by optimizing the athlete’s lifestyle and, if appropriate, an oral substitution of 25(OH)D. Very recent studies suggested that the prevalence of stress fractures decreased when athletes are supplemented daily with 800 IU 25(OH)D and 2000 mg calcium. Recommendations of daily 25(OH)D intake may go up to 2000 IU of 25(OH)D per day.
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17
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Kuang X, Liu C, Guo X, Li K, Deng Q, Li D. The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 11:3280-3297. [PMID: 32219282 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of vitamin K combined with vitamin D on human skeletal quality. METHOD AND FINDINGS A comprehensive search on Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library (from 1950 to February 2020) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken, with the meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including a total of 971 subjects. Vitamin K combined with vitamin D significantly increased the total bone mineral density (BMD): the pooled effect size was 0.316 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.031 to 0.601]. A significant decrease in undercarboxylated osteocalcin (-0.945, -1.113 to -0.778) can be observed with the combination of vitamin K and D. Simultaneously, subgroup analysis showed that K2 or vitamin K (not specified) supplement was less than 500 μg d-1, which when combined with vitamin D can significantly increase the total BMD compared with the control group fed a normal diet or the group with no treatment (0.479, 0.101 to 0.858 and 0.570, 0.196 to 0.945). CONCLUSIONS The combination of vitamin K and D can significantly increase the total BMD and significantly decrease undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and a more favorable effect is expected when vitamin K2 is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qingxue Deng
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Ito E, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Nakamura S, Kaneko Y, Soma T, Matsumoto T, Kimura A, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Sato K, Miyamoto T. Food restriction reduces cortical bone mass and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels and promotes uterine atrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:165-171. [PMID: 33288195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Low energy availability in female athletes often causes hypothalamic amenorrhea and osteoporosis, in turn promoting stress fractures. Mechanisms underlying these conditions remain unclear. Here we show that model mice subjected to food restriction (FR) or FR-plus-voluntary running exercise exhibit significantly reduced bone mineral density, cortical bone parameters and uterine weight than do control mice, and that these parameters worsen in the FR-plus-exercise group. Relative to controls, FR and FR-plus-exercise groups showed significantly lower mineral apposition rate and osteoclast number and significantly reduced serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels. Outcomes were rescued by ED71 or 1.25(OH)2D3 treatment. Thus, we conclude that administration of active vitamin D analogues represents a possible treatment to prevent these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ito
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tami Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kaneko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Soma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atushi Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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19
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Miyamoto M, Hanatani Y, Shibuya K. Dietary intake and menstrual cycle changes in international level young athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:851-856. [PMID: 33146493 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the influence of nutritional status and mental stress on menstrual cycle characteristics. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of low energy availability (EA) and mental health problems on the menstrual cycles of elite female rowing competitors during a survey period. METHODS We enrolled sixteen subjects (16-18 years old) who were elite female rowing competitors preparing for an international competition. This study provides the first long-term assessment of dietary intake, body mass/composition, state of anxiety, and menstrual cycle in international level female athletes. RESULTS Dietary energy intake increased significantly during the investigation period (P<0.001). CHO intake increased significantly during the investigation period (P<0.005). EA significantly increased during the investigation period (P<0.01). The percentage of athletes with menstrual dysfunction was 20.0% in April 2018 (2 of 10), but none of the athletes reported menstrual dysfunction in October 2019. The mental status measured by state anxiety index (STAI) did not change significantly during this survey period (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was no athlete who has menstrual disfunction after sufficient CHO intake during this survey period. These findings of this study suggest that adequate EA levels and sufficient CHO intake might lead to improved menstrual function. In addition, the impact of psychological factors on menstrual dysfunction at normal levels may be less than the effects of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Miyamoto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan -
| | | | - Kenichi Shibuya
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.,Japan Rowing Association, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fairfield H, Costa S, DeMambro V, Schott C, Martins JDS, Ferron M, Vary C, Reagan MR. Targeting Bone Cells During Sexual Maturation Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Endochondral Ossification. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10413. [PMID: 33210065 PMCID: PMC7657395 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In endochondral ossification, chondroblasts become embedded in their matrix and become chondrocytes, which are mature cells that continue to proliferate, eventually becoming hypertrophic. Hypertrophic chondrocytes produce cartilage that is then resorbed by osteoclasts prior to bone matrix replacement via osteoblasts. Although sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes have long been characterized, specific modulation of the growth plate during a critical window in sexual maturation has not been evaluated. Here we report that specific depletion of osteocalcin‐ (OCN‐) expressing cells in vivo during sexual maturation leads to dimorphic bone phenotypes in males and females. At 6 to 8 weeks of age, OCN‐Cre;iDTR (inducible diphtheria toxin receptor‐expressing) mice were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT) for 2 weeks to deplete OCN+ cells. At the end of the study, long bones were collected for μCT and histomorphometry, and serum was collected for proteomic and lipidomic analyses. Ablation of OCN+ cells in mice leads to consistent trends for weight loss after 2 weeks of treatment. Females exhibited decreased skeletal parameters in response to OCN+ cell ablation treatment, as expected. However, OCN+ cell ablation in males uniquely displayed an expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, a widening of the growth plate, and an abnormal “clubbing” anatomy of the distal femur. Following DT treatment, mice from both sexes also underwent metabolic cage analysis, in which both sexes exhibited decreased energy expenditure. We conclude that skewing endochondral bone formation during longitudinal growth has a profound effect on body weight and energy expenditure with sex‐specific effects on developing bone. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA
| | - Celine Schott
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada.,Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology Programs of the Faculty of Medicine Université de Montreal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine Tufts University Boston MA USA
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21
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Yang Y, Zhong W, Huang J, Geng L, Feng Q. Association of serum osteocalcin levels with glucose metabolism in trauma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21901. [PMID: 32899020 PMCID: PMC7478502 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is an endocrine hormone that regulates glucose metabolism.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum OC levels and glucose metabolism after trauma.This was a retrospective study of trauma patients admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine between October 2017 and April 2019. Age, height, weight, injury severity score, and previous medical history were recorded. Serum N-terminal mid-fragment of OC (N-MID OC), hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), C-peptide, and other biochemical indicators were measured. Differences between the HbA1c-L (HbA1c <6.5%) and HbA1c-H (HbA1c ≥6.5%) groups were compared. The association of N-MID OC with indicators of glucose metabolism was analyzed.Out of 394 trauma patients, leukocyte and FPG levels in the HbA1c-H group (n = 93) were higher (P < .05), while N-MID OC levels were lower (P = .011) than the HbA1c-L group (n = 301). N-MID OC was negatively correlated with HbA1c in the total population (r = -0.273, P < .001) as well as in the HbA1c-L (r = -0.289, P < .001) and HbA1c-H (r = -0.390, P < 0.001) groups, and was positively correlated with C-peptide in the HbA1c-H group (r = 0.395, P < .001). The different quartiles in the HbA1c-L showed that N-MID OC declined with increasing HbA1c, which was higher than N-MID OC levels in the HbA1c-H group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum HbA1c was independently associated with serum OC levels after trauma (β=-1.608, P < .001).This study strongly suggests the importance of serum OC on glucose metabolism in trauma patients. HbA1c is independently associated with serum OC levels.
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22
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Lombardo B, Izzo V, Terracciano D, Ranieri A, Mazzaccara C, Fimiani F, Cesaro A, Gentile L, Leggiero E, Pero R, Izzo B, D'Alicandro AC, Ercolini D, D'Alicandro G, Frisso G, Pastore L, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Laboratory medicine: health evaluation in elite athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1450-1473. [PMID: 30835249 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The need to evaluate the health status of an athlete represents a crucial aim in preventive and protective sports science in order to identify the best diagnostic strategy to improve performance and reduce risks related to physical exercise. In the present review we aim to define the main biochemical and haematological markers that vary significantly during and after sports training to identify risk factors, at competitive and professional levels and to highlight the set up of a specific parameter's panel for elite athletes. Moreover, we also intend to consider additional biomarkers, still under investigation, which could further contribute to laboratory sports medicine and provide reliable data that can be used by athlete's competent staff in order to establish personal attitudes and prevent sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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23
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Lopes JSS, de Magalhães Neto AM, de Almeida AC, Alves PRL, Silva EL, de Abreu Verli MV, Andrade CMB. Hematological parameters in champion of Brazilian jiu-jitsu paradesport: Case study. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14435. [PMID: 32558349 PMCID: PMC7298728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of biochemical and immunological parameters investigated in the field conditions in athletes is important to influence in the management of recovery and disease prevention as well as, to support the training program, as well as to improve the physical conditioning associated with health and performance. However, for amputee athletes, Brazilian jiu-jitsu paradesport practitioners, there are no published data to date. Thus, the objective of this case study was to quantify the magnitude of biochemical, hematological, and urinary alterations after a simulated fight session in elite athlete with world titles. Outcomes were obtained through blood analysis of samples collected at four different moments (M1-fasting; M2-1.5 hr after caloric intake; M3-Immediately after the simulated fight; M4-24 hr after the simulated fight). Responses triggered by the simulated fight between baseline and after 24 hr were found to increase in monocyte (100%), neutrophil (20%), and insulin (57%) concentrations, while reductions were observed in eosinophils (-50%), lymphocytes (-26.6%), platelets (-22%), cortisol (-50%), and creatine phosphokinase (-45.2%). After 24 hr lactate values returned to baseline levels. The different changes in biochemical and hematological parameters observed constitute responses to acute physical exercise and were according to the level of the high performance athlete. From these data it will be possible to evaluate the periodization, training load, and recovery techniques according to the individual response verified. In addition, these data may be used for comparison purposes within this specific sport, whose literature is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline S. S. Lopes
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | | | - Aline C. de Almeida
- Departament of Physical TherapyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR)São CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Paulo R. L. Alves
- Fundação de Apoio à Escola TécnicaEscola Técnica Estadual Visconde de MauáRio de Janeiro ‐ RJBrazil
| | - Elcirley L. Silva
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | - Márcio V. de Abreu Verli
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
| | - Claudia M. B. Andrade
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFTM)Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGSC)CuiabáMTBrazil
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24
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Osteocalcin improves outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:387-396. [PMID: 31902795 PMCID: PMC6977690 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Osteocalcin is related to energy metabolism, memory and the acute stress response, suggesting a relationship between bone and the brain. The need to explore the effect of osteocalcin on acute ischemic stroke is therefore urgent. Results: Patients with better outcomes had higher serum osteocalcin levels than those whose NIHSS scores did not improve. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed acceptable performance (area under the curve = 0.766). The effect of osteocalcin on the promotion of neuron survival was confirmed by Cell Counting Kit-8 experiments. In addition, osteocalcin could decrease proline hydroxylase 1 and inhibit the degradation of gasdermin D. Conclusions: We propose that osteocalcin can improve outcome after acute ischemic stroke in the acute period. By downregulating proline hydroxylase 1, osteocalcin leads glucose metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway and therefore promotes neuronal survival through inhibiting pyroptosis. Methods: Demographic data and laboratory results were obtained from patients with ischemic stroke in the acute period for analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the discrimination of the prediction model. The potential effect of osteocalcin on cerebral ischemia and osteocalcin mechanism were explored in cultured primary rat cerebral cortical neurons treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation.
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25
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhang L, Chen P, Xu X. Integration of metabolomics and proteomics to reveal the metabolic characteristics of high-intensity interval training. Analyst 2020; 145:6500-6510. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and proteomics were integrated to research the molecular characterization of high-intensity interval training, revealing changes in biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai anti-doping laboratory
- Shanghai University of Sport
- Shanghai
- China
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