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Zhao J, Shao J, Zeng Z, Li Z, Sun S, Peng L, Huang Z, Wang Z, He Y. Knocking out isopropylmalate synthase simultaneously improves grain appearance and nutritional quality in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39145531 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Grain appearance and nutritional quality are critical traits for rice marketing. However, how to simultaneously improve grain appearance (slender grain and low chalkiness) and nutritional quality (improved protein and amino acid contents) in rice remains a major challenge. Here, we show that knocking out rice isopropylmalate synthase genes OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 can improve both grain appearance and nutritional quality. We find that OsIPMS1 directly interacts with OsIPMS2 to form heterodimers. Meanwhile, we observe that OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 influence the expression of genes previously reported to be involved in the determination of grain size and nutritional quality in the developing panicles and grains. Furthermore, we show that Osipms1/2 double mutants exhibit significantly improved grain appearance and nutritional quality in polished rice in both the japonica (Wuyungeng 23) and indica (Huanghuazhan) varieties. Our findings indicate that OsIPMS is a useful target gene for breeding of rice varieties appealing for marketing and with health-benefiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Zeng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihe Li
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Sun
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Peng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Huang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Singh S, Yadav CB, Lubanga N, Hegarty M, Yadav RS. Genome-wide SNPs and candidate genes underlying the genetic variations for protein and amino acids in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) germplasm. PLANTA 2024; 260:63. [PMID: 39068266 PMCID: PMC11283402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A total of 544 significant marker-trait associations and 286 candidate genes associated with total protein and 18 amino acids were identified. Thirty-three candidate genes were found near the strong marker trait associations (- log10P ≥ 5.5). Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is largely grown as a subsistence crop in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. It serves as a major source of daily protein intake in these regions. Despite its importance, no systematic effort has been made to study the genetic variations of protein and amino acid content in pearl millet germplasm. The present study was undertaken to dissect the global genetic variations of total protein and 18 essential and non-essential amino acids in pearl millet, using a set of 435 K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 161 genotypes of the Pearl Millet Inbred Germplasm Association Panel (PMiGAP). A total of 544 significant marker-trait associations (at P < 0.0001; - log10P ≥ 4) were detected and 23 strong marker-trait associations were identified using Bonferroni's correction method. Forty-eight pleiotropic loci were found in the genome for the studied traits. In total, 286 candidate genes associated with total protein and 18 amino acids were identified. Thirty-three candidate genes were found near strongly associated SNPs. The associated markers and the candidate genes provide an insight into the genetic architecture of the traits studied and are going to be useful in breeding improved pearl millet varieties in the future. Availabilities of improved pearl millet varieties possessing higher protein and amino acid compositions will help combat the rising malnutrition problem via diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbeer Singh
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India
| | - Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding, NIAB-EMR, East Malling, ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Nelson Lubanga
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Rattan S Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK.
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Wang Q, Shi J, Liu J, Zhang P, Li L, Xie H, Li H, Wang H, Liu C, Qin P. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the accumulation of related metabolites and gene regulation networks during quinoa seed development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:10. [PMID: 38319430 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are gluten- and cholesterol-free, contain all amino acids required by the human body, have a high protein content, provide endocrine regulation, protein supplementation, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, metabolite accumulation and transcriptional regulatory networks in quinoa seed development are not well understood. Four key stages of seed development in Dianli-3260 and Dianli-557 were thus analyzed and 849 metabolites were identified, among which sugars, amino acids, and lipids were key for developmental processes, and their accumulation showed a gradual decrease. Transcriptome analysis identified 40,345 genes, of which 20,917 were differential between the M and F phases, including 8279 and 12,638 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Grain development processes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism pathways, in which raffinose, phosphoenolpyruvate, series and other metabolites are significantly enriched, gene-LOC110689372, Gene-LOC110710556 and gene-LOC110714584 are significantly expressed, and these metabolites and genes play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid and Amino acid synthesis of quinoa. This study provides a theoretical basis to expand our understanding of the molecular and metabolic development of quinoa grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jirong Shi
- Food Crop Research Institute, Zhaotong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaotong, 657000, China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Heng Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Li J, Zhang C, Luo X, Zhang T, Zhang X, Liu P, Yang W, Lei Y, Tang S, Kang L, Huang L, Li T, Wang Y, Chen W, Yuan H, Qin P, Li S, Ma B, Tu B. Fine mapping of the grain chalkiness quantitative trait locus qCGP6 reveals the involvement of Wx in grain chalkiness formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad112. [PMID: 36964899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness is an important index of rice appearance quality and is negatively associated with rice processing and eating qualities. However, the genetic mechanism underlying chalkiness formation is largely unknown. To identify the genetic basis of chalkiness, 410 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from two representative indica rice varieties, Shuhui498 (R498) and Yihui3551 (R3551), were used to discover quantitative trait loci (QTL). The two parental lines and RILs were grown in three locations in China under three controlled fertilizer application level. Analyses indicated that chalkiness was significantly affected by genotype, the environment, and the interaction between the two, and that heritability was high. Several QTLs were isolated, including the two stable QTLs, i.e., qCGP6 and qCGP8. Fine mapping and candidate gene verification of qCGP6 showed that Wx may play a key role in chalkiness formation. Chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying the Wxa or Wxin allele produced more chalky grain than the R498 parent. A similar result was also observed in the 3611 background. Notably, the effect of the Wx genotype on rice chalkiness was shown to be dependent on environmental conditions and Wx alleles exhibited different sensitivities to shading treatment. Using CRISPR/Cas9, the Wxa promoter region was successfully edited, down-regulating Wx alleviates chalkiness formation in NILR498-Wxa. This study developed a new strategy for synergistic improvement of eating and appearance qualities in rice, and created a novel Wx allele with great potential in breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pin Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuekun Lei
- Chengdu Juannong Intelligent Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd
| | - Siwen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangzhu Kang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shigui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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5
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Zhu L, Xu L, Huang Y, Xie C, Dou D, Xu J. Correlations between ecological factors and the chemical compositions of mountainous forest cultivated ginseng. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Effects of Pretreatment on the Volatile Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Content of Oat Bran. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193070. [PMID: 36230147 PMCID: PMC9562890 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment improves the edible quality of oat bran and prolongs the shelf life, whereas the effect of pretreatments (i.e., steaming(S-OB), microwaving(M-OB), and hot-air drying(HA-OB)) on the flavor characteristics of oat bran is unknown. This study identified volatile composition using HS-SPME/GC−MS and an electronic nose of oat bran. The amino acid compositions were determined by a High-Speed automatic amino acid analyzer and the fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that steaming and microwaving pretreatments enhanced the nutty notes of oat bran. Sixty-four volatile compounds in four oat brans were identified. OB exhibited higher aroma-active compounds, followed by S-OB, and M-OB, and the HA-OB had the lowest aroma-active compounds. Hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal,1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, and 2-pentylfuran were the key volatile compositions in oat bran. The aldehyde content decreased and the esters and ketones increased in steamed oat bran. Microwaving and hot air drying increased the aldehyde content and decreased the ester and alcohol content. Steamed oat bran had the lowest levels of total amino acids (33.54 g/100 g) and bitter taste amino acids (5.66 g/100 g). However, steaming caused a significant reduction in saturated fatty acid content (18.56%) and an increase in unsaturated fatty acid content (79.60%) of oat bran (p < 0.05). Hot air drying did not result in an improvement in aroma. The results indicated that steaming was an effective drying method to improve the flavor quality of oat bran.
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Effects of Fermented Seaweed Fertilizer Treatment on Paddy Amino Acid Content and Rhizosphere Microbiome Community. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seaweed has often been reported on for it potential bioresources for fertilizers to improve crop productivity and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers (CF). However, little is known about the nutritional status of the crop grown with the implementation of seaweed fertilizers (SF). In this study, the amino acid content of rice produced by SF implementation was evaluated. Furthermore, the rhizosphere bacterial community was also investigated. The paddy seedlings were divided into five groups, control (C0), chemical fertilizer (CF), seaweed fertilizer (SF), chemical and seaweed fertilizer combination 25:75 (CFSF1), and chemical and fertilizer combination 50:50 (CFSF2). The CFSF2 group shown significantly better growth characteristics compared to other groups. Based on the concentration of macronutrients (N, P, K) in paddy leaf, CFSF2 also shown the best results. This also correlates with the abundant amino acid composition in CFSF2 in almost all tested amino acids, namely, serine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, threonine, histidine, and arginine. Interestingly, beneficial bacteria Rhizobiales were significantly higher in CFSF2-treated soil (58%) compared to CF (29%). Another important group, Vicinamibacterales, was also significantly higher in CFSF2 (58%) compared to CF (7%). Hence, these potentially contributed to the high rice amino acid content and yield in the CFSF2-treated paddy. However, further field-scale studies are needed to confirm the bioindustrial application of seaweed in agricultural systems.
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Kang M, Liu G, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Shi J, Tang L, Liu L, Cao W, Zhu Y, Liu B. Extreme Low-Temperature Stress Affects Nutritional Quality of Amino Acids in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905348. [PMID: 35720539 PMCID: PMC9201379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has increased the frequency of extreme climate events, and their effects on the nutritional quality, especially on amino acids in rice, have not been quantified. The data from a 3-year low temperature stress (LTS) experiment including two rice varieties (Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 46), seven minimum/maximum temperature levels (one optimal 21/27°C and six LTS levels from 17/23 to 6/12°C), and three LTS durations (3, 6, and 9 days) after flowering, revealed significant interactive effects of LTS at different stages, durations, and temperature levels on the content and accumulation of amino acids. LTS increased rice total amino acid content, while decreasing its accumulation, with higher sensitivities to LTS at the flowering stage than at the grain filling stage. In most treatments, the lysine (the first limiting amino acid) and phenylalanine content were increased under LTS at early and peak flowering stages but decreased at the grain filling stage in both varieties, and only leucine content was increased at all three stages after flowering, while the content of other essential amino acids differed among the two varieties. With an increase of 1°C·d per day in the accumulated cold degree days, the relative content of the essential amino acids was increased by 0.01-0.41%, depending on the rice variety and growth stage. Our results suggest that LTS can improve nutritional quality of amino acids of rice grains in terms of amino acids content, especially at flowering stage. These results provide critical insights for assessing the potential impact of extreme climates on the nutrient quality of rice under future climate change.
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Zhao X, Huang LJ, Sun XF, Zhao LL, Wang PC. Differential Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Responses of Paspalum wettsteinii Under High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865608. [PMID: 35528933 PMCID: PMC9069066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has far-reaching effects on plant growth and development. As a warm-season forage grass, Paspalum wettsteinii is highly adaptable to high temperatures. However, the response mechanism of P. wettsteinii under high-temperature stress is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the physiological indicators, transcriptome and metabolome of P. wettsteinii under different heat stress treatments. Plant height, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the contents of soluble sugar, proline, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b increased and then decreased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased and then increased with increasing heat stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and transcription factors (TFs), secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the antioxidant system significantly changed to varying degrees. Metabolomic analysis showed that only free fatty acids were downregulated, while amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, flavonoids, and sugars were both up- and downregulated under heat stress. These combined analyses revealed that growth was promoted at 25-40°C, while at 45°C, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage reduced antioxidant and osmoregulatory effects and inactivated genes associated with the light and electron transport chains (ETCs), as well as damaged the PS II system and inhibited photosynthesis. A small number of genes and metabolites were upregulated to maintain the basic growth of P. wettsteinii. The physiological and biochemical changes in response to high-temperature stress were revealed, and the important metabolites and key genes involved in the response to high temperature were identified, providing an important reference for the physiological and molecular regulation of high-temperature stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Li Zhao,
| | - Pu-Chang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Pu-Chang Wang,
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Wu C, Cui K, Li Q, Li L, Wang W, Hu Q, Ding Y, Li G, Fahad S, Huang J, Nie L, Peng S. Estimating the yield stability of heat-tolerant rice genotypes under various heat conditions across reproductive stages: a 5-year case study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13604. [PMID: 34193936 PMCID: PMC8245571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat events during the reproductive stages of rice plants induce great yield losses. Cultivating heat-tolerant varieties is a promising strategy for guaranteeing grain security under global warming scenarios. Most heat-tolerant rice genotypes were identified under heat during the flowering stage, but it is unclear whether these currently screened heat-tolerant rice genotypes maintain stable high grain yields when heat stress occurs during the other reproductive stages. In the present study, two notable heat-tolerant rice cultivars, Nagina22 and Shanyou63, and one typical heat-sensitive cultivar, Liangyoupeijiu, were evaluated for their yield response and yield stability under heat treatments during the panicle initiation, flowering, and grain filling stages during 2010-2014. Our results revealed that rice cultivars respond differently to heat stress during different reproductive stages. Nagina22 was the most tolerant to heat stress during the flowering and grain filling stages but was susceptible during panicle initiation; Shanyou63 was the most tolerant to heat stress during panicle initiation and grain filling and was moderately tolerant to heat stress during the flowering stages. Genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction biplot yield analysis revealed that Shanyou63 exhibited the highest stability in high grain yield, followed by Nagina22, and Liangyoupeijiu exhibited stable low grain yield when experiencing heat stress across the three reproductive stages. Our results indicate that the heat tolerance of different rice cultivars depends on the reproductive stage during which heat stress occurs, and the effects manifest as reductions in grain yields and seed setting rates. Future efforts to develop heat-tolerant varieties should strive to breed varieties that are comprehensively tolerant to heat stress during any reproductive stage to cope with the unpredictable occurrence of future heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liuyong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuqian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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Using Peptidomics and Machine Learning to Assess Effects of Drying Processes on the Peptide Profile within a Functional Ingredient. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are known to have many health benefits beyond nutrition; yet the peptide profile of high protein ingredients has been largely overlooked when considering the effects of different processing techniques. Therefore, to investigate whether drying conditions could affect the peptide profile and bioactivity within a functional ingredient, we examined the effects of spray (SD) and freeze (FD) drying on rice natural peptide network (NPN), a characterised functional ingredient sourced from the Oryza sativa proteome, which has previously been shown to effectively modulate circulating cytokines and improve physical performance in humans. In the manufacturing process, rice NPN was either FD or SD. Employing a peptidomic approach, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics of peptides common and unique to FD and SD preparations. We observed similar peptide profiles regarding peptide count, amino acid distribution, weight, charge, and hydrophobicity in each sample. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of drying processes on functionality, using machine learning, we examined constituent peptides with predicted anti-inflammatory activity within both groups and identified that the majority of anti-inflammatory peptides were common to both. Of note, key bioactive peptides validated within rice NPN were recorded in both SD and FD samples. The present study provides an important insight into the overall stability of the peptide profile and the use of machine learning in assessing predicted retention of bioactive peptides contributing to functionality during different types of processing.
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Zhang H, Chen J, Shan S, Cao F, Chen G, Zou Y, Huang M, Abou-Elwafa SF. Proteomic profiling reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with amylose accumulation during rice grain filling. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:714. [PMID: 33059592 PMCID: PMC7561244 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amylose accumulation in rice grains is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Amylose content is a determinant factor of rice quality in terms of cooking and eating. Great variations in amylose content in indica rice cultivars have been observed. The current study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and their relationships to amylose synthesis using two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain amylose content. RESULTS Synthesis and accumulation of amylose in rice grains significantly affected the variations between rice cultivars in amylose contents. The high amylose content cultivar has three down-regulated differentially expressed proteins, i.e., LOC_Os01g62420.1, LOC_Os02g36600.1, and LOC_Os08g37380.2 in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, which limit the glycolytic process and decrease the glucose-1-phosphate consumption. In the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, an up-regulated protein, i.e., LOC_Os06g04200.1 and two down-regulated proteins, i.e., LOC_Os05g32710.1 and LOC_Os04g43360.1 were identified (Figure 4). Glucose-1-phosphate is one of the first substrates in starch synthesis and glycolysis that are catalyzed to form adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG), then the ADPG is catalyzed by granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) to elongate amylose. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that decreasing the consumption of glucose-1-phosphate in the glycolytic process is essential for the formation of ADPG and UDPG, which are substrates for amylose synthesis. In theory, amylose content in rice can be regulated by controlling the fate of glucose-1-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdong Zhang
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Qianxinan Institute of Karst Regional Development Xingyi, Xingyi, 652400, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Shuanglü Shan
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fangbo Cao
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yingbin Zou
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Min Huang
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Salah F Abou-Elwafa
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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Lee S, Park J, Lee J, Shin D, Marmagne A, Lim PO, Masclaux-Daubresse C, An G, Nam HG. OsASN1 Overexpression in Rice Increases Grain Protein Content and Yield under Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1309-1320. [PMID: 32384162 PMCID: PMC7377344 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor affecting crop yield in unfertilized soil. Thus, cultivars with a high N use efficiency (NUE) and good grain protein content (GPC) are needed to fulfill the growing food demand and to reduce environmental burden. This is especially true for rice (Oryza sativa L.) that is cultivated with a high input of N fertilizer and is a primary staple food crop for more than half of the global population. Here, we report that rice asparagine synthetase 1 (OsASN1) is required for grain yield and grain protein contents under both N-sufficient (conventional paddy fields) and N-limiting conditions from analyses of knockout mutant plants. In addition, we show that overexpression (OX) of OsASN1 results in better nitrogen uptake and assimilation, and increased tolerance to N limitation at the seedling stage. Under field conditions, the OsASN1 OX rice plants produced grains with increased N and protein contents without yield reduction compared to wild-type (WT) rice. Under N-limited conditions, the OX plants displayed increased grain yield and protein content with enhanced photosynthetic activity compared to WT rice. Thus, OsASN1 can be an effective target gene for the development of rice cultivars with higher grain protein content, NUE, and grain yield under N-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Joonheum Park
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongjin Shin
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Gynheung An, E-mail, ; Fax, +82312034969; Hong Gil Nam, E-mail, ; Fax, +82537851859
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Gynheung An, E-mail, ; Fax, +82312034969; Hong Gil Nam, E-mail, ; Fax, +82537851859
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14
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Kimani W, Zhang LM, Wu XY, Hao HQ, Jing HC. Genome-wide association study reveals that different pathways contribute to grain quality variation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:112. [PMID: 32005168 PMCID: PMC6995107 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), one paramount breeding objective is to increase grain quality. The nutritional quality and end use value of sorghum grains are primarily influenced by the proportions of tannins, starch and proteins, but the genetic basis of these grain quality traits remains largely unknown. This study aimed to dissect the natural variation of sorghum grain quality traits and identify the underpinning genetic loci by genome-wide association study. RESULTS Levels of starch, tannins and 17 amino acids were quantified in 196 diverse sorghum inbred lines, and 44 traits based on known metabolic pathways and biochemical interactions amongst the 17 amino acids calculated. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 3,512,517 SNPs from re-sequencing data identified 14, 15 and 711 significant SNPs which represented 14, 14, 492 genetic loci associated with levels of tannins, starch and amino acids in sorghum grains, respectively. Amongst these significant SNPs, two SNPs were associated with tannin content on chromosome 4 and colocalized with three previously identified loci for Tannin1, and orthologs of Zm1 and TT16 genes. One SNP associated with starch content colocalized with sucrose phosphate synthase gene. Furthermore, homologues of opaque1 and opaque2 genes associated with amino acid content were identified. Using the KEGG pathway database, six and three candidate genes of tannins and starch were mapped into 12 and 3 metabolism pathways, respectively. Thirty-four candidate genes were mapped into 16 biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of amino acids. We finally reconstructed the biosynthetic pathways for aspartate and branched-chain amino acids based on 15 candidate genes identified in this study. CONCLUSION Promising candidate genes associated with grain quality traits have been identified in the present study. Some of them colocalized with previously identified genetic regions, but novel candidate genes involved in various metabolic pathways which influence grain quality traits have been dissected. Our study acts as an entry point for further validation studies to elucidate the complex mechanisms controlling grain quality traits such as tannins, starch and amino acids in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Kimani
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huai-Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100093, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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15
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Chen J, Cao F, Shan S, Yin X, Huang M, Zou Y. Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224935. [PMID: 31697760 PMCID: PMC6837445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High yields of mechanized intensive rice-based cropping systems, e.g. double-season cropping using early- and late-season rice, are important to ensure national food security in China. However, few studies addressing the relationship between grain weight and grain yield of early-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. A field experiment was conducted to determine the critical grain-filling characteristics and related physiological aspects that contribute to high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice. The results showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with grain weight but not with panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle, and spikelet-filling percentage. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between grain weight and mean grain-filling rate, which was significantly positively correlated with harvest index and grain cytokinin content. These results indicate that high grain-filling rate driven by good transport of assimilates to grains and strong grain sink strength is responsible for high grain weight in machine-transplanted early-season rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Chen
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangbo Cao
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuanglü Shan
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Min Huang
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yingbin Zou
- Crop and Environment Research Center, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Quantifying accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in rice grains. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220139. [PMID: 31318957 PMCID: PMC6639033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutelin and prolamin are the two major proteins in rice grains. Grain content of glutelin is considerably higher than that of prolamin in rice, but there is limited information on the factors determining the different grain contents of glutelin and prolamin. To address this knowledge gap, the present study compared final weight per grain and accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in four rice cultivars. Results showed that final glutelin weight per grain was 3.24-3.95 times higher than final prolamin weight per grain. Glutelin and prolamin accumulation processes were well fitted by the logistic equation. The initial, maximum, and mean accumulation rates of glutelin were 1.69-4.67 times higher than those of prolamin. The active accumulation duration of glutelin was 2.9-5.1 d longer than that of prolamin. These results indicate that both higher accumulation rate and longer active accumulation duration are responsible for the higher final weight per grain of glutelin compared to prolamin in rice.
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