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Gallinger J, Rid-Moneta M, Becker C, Reineke A, Gross J. Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43740-43751. [PMID: 36658318 PMCID: PMC10076355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change drivers on cultivated plants and pest insects has come into research focus. One of the most significant drivers is atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into primary plant metabolites by photosynthesis. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations therefore affect plant chemistry. The chemical composition of non-volatile and volatile organic compounds of plants is used by insects to locate and identify suitable host plants for feeding and reproduction. We investigated whether elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere affect the plant-pest interaction in a fruit crop of high economic importance in Europe. Therefore, potted pear trees were cultivated under specified CO2 conditions in a Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility at Geisenheim University in Germany for up to 14 weeks, beginning from bud swelling. We compared emitted volatiles from these pear trees cultivated for 7 and 14 weeks under two different CO2 levels (ambient: ca. 400 ppm and elevated: ca. 450 ppm CO2) and their impact on pest insect behavior. In total, we detected and analyzed 76 VOCs from pear trees. While we did not detect an overall change in VOC compositions, the relative release of single compounds changed in response to CO2 increase. Differences in VOC release were inconsistent over time (phenology stages) and between study years, indicating interactions with other climate parameters, such as temperature. Even though insect-plant interaction can rely on specific volatile compounds and specific mixtures of compounds, respectively, the changes of VOC patterns in our field study did not impact the host choice behavior of C. pyri females. In olfactometer trials, 64% and 60% of the females preferred the odor of pear trees cultivated under elevated CO2 for 7 and 14 weeks, respectively, over the odor from pear trees cultivated under ambient CO2. In binary-choice oviposition assays, C. pyri females laid most eggs on pears during April 2020; on average, 51.9 (± 51.3) eggs were laid on pears cultivated under eCO2 and 60.3 (± 48.7) eggs on aCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannicke Gallinger
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221, Dossenheim, Germany.
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls Väg 16, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Margit Rid-Moneta
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Christine Becker
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Annette Reineke
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221, Dossenheim, Germany
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Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations caused a shift of the metabolically active microbiome in vineyard soil. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36809988 PMCID: PMC9942357 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2), one of the main causes of climate change, have several consequences for both vine and cover crops in vineyards and potentially also for the soil microbiome. Hence soil samples were taken from a vineyard free-air CO2 enrichment (VineyardFACE) study in Geisenheim and examined for possible changes in the soil active bacterial composition (cDNA of 16S rRNA) using a metabarcoding approach. Soil samples were taken from the areas between the rows of vines with and without cover cropping from plots exposed to either eCO2 or ambient CO2 (aCO2). RESULTS Diversity indices and redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that eCO2 changed the active soil bacterial diversity in grapevine soil with cover crops (p-value 0.007). In contrast, the bacterial composition in bare soil was unaffected. In addition, the microbial soil respiration (p-values 0.04-0.003) and the ammonium concentration (p-value 0.003) were significantly different in the samples where cover crops were present and exposed to eCO2. Moreover, under eCO2 conditions, qPCR results showed a significant decrease in 16S rRNA copy numbers and transcripts for enzymes involved in N2 fixation and NO2- reduction were observed using qPCR. Co-occurrence analysis revealed a shift in the number, strength, and patterns of microbial interactions under eCO2 conditions, mainly represented by a reduction in the number of interacting ASVs and the number of interactions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that eCO2 concentrations changed the active soil bacterial composition, which could have future influence on both soil properties and wine quality.
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Aguilera P, Ortiz N, Becerra N, Turrini A, Gaínza-Cortés F, Silva-Flores P, Aguilar-Paredes A, Romero JK, Jorquera-Fontena E, Mora MDLL, Borie F. Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vineyards: Water and Biotic Stress Under a Climate Change Scenario: New Challenge for Chilean Grapevine Crop. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826571. [PMID: 35317261 PMCID: PMC8934398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crop Vitis vinifera (L.) is of great economic importance as Chile is one of the main wine-producing countries, reaching a vineyard area of 145,000 ha. This vine crop is usually very sensitive to local condition changes and agronomic practices; therefore, strategies to counteract the expected future decrease in water level for agricultural irrigation, temperature increase, extreme water stress (abiotic stress), as well as increase in pathogenic diseases (biotic stress) related to climate change will be of vital importance for this crop. Studies carried out in recent years have suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide key ecosystem services to host plants, such as water uptake implementation and enhanced absorption of nutrients such as P and N, which are key factors for improving the nutritional status of the vine. AMF use in viticulture will contribute also to sustainable agronomic management and bioprotection against pathogens. Here we will present (1) the current status of grapevines in Chile, (2) the main problems in grapevines related to water stress and associated with climate change, (3) the importance of AMF to face water stress and pathogens, and (4) the application of AMF as a biotechnological and sustainable tool in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aguilera
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nancy Ortiz
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ninozhka Becerra
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Patricia Silva-Flores
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Talca, Chile
- Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana Aguilar-Paredes
- Programa de Restauración Biológica de Suelos, Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales (CERES), Quillota, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Karlo Romero
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - María de La Luz Mora
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Rootstocks Shape Their Microbiome-Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere of Different Grapevine Rootstocks. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040822. [PMID: 33924464 PMCID: PMC8070248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota associated with the rhizosphere is responsible for crucial processes. Understanding how the plant and its bacterial community interact is of great importance to face the upcoming agricultural and viticultural challenges. The composition of the bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of grapevines is the result of the interaction between many drivers: biogeography, edaphic factors, soil management and plant genotype. The experimental design of this study aimed to reduce the variability resulting from all factors except the genotype of the rootstock. This was made possible by investigating four ungrafted grapevine rootstock varieties of the same age, grown on the same soil under the same climatic conditions and managed identically. The bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of the rootstocks 1103 Paulsen, 140 Ruggeri, 161-49 Couderc and Kober 5BB were characterized with the amplicon based sequencing technique, targeting regions V4–V5 of 16S rRNA gene. Linear discriminant analysis effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to determine differential abundant taxa. The four rootstocks showed similarities concerning the structure of the bacteria assemblage (richness and evenness). Nonetheless, differences were detected in the composition of the bacterial communities. Indeed, all investigated rootstocks recruited communities with distinguishable traits, thus confirming the role of rootstock genotype as driver of the bacteria composition.
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Zytynska SE. Embracing the complexity of plant-microbe-insect interactions under a changing climate for sustainable agriculture. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:89-94. [PMID: 33887532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using beneficial soil bacteria to promote plant growth and reduce pests is a promising direction for sustainable agriculture. However, we need to understand the ecological basis of these interactions in order to identify those with the greatest potential to have an impact in the field. To do this, we need to embrace the complexity of multifactorial experiments to observe the strength of benefits across variable environments. I briefly review the recent literature on plant-microbe-insect interactions across changing environments, focusing on those using multiple factors. I finish by exploring ecological research approaches and multifactorial experimental designs that can be used to simplify the study of plant-microbe-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Zytynska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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