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Casaro S, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Cunha F, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Nelson CD, Jeon SJ, Bicalho RC, Driver JP, Galvão KN. Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:30. [PMID: 38802977 PMCID: PMC11131188 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses. RESULTS The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J P Driver
- Division of Animals Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Tot A, Vrandečić K, Ćosić J, Matić M, Vraneš M. Influence of side-chain length on antifungal efficacy of N-alkyl nicotinamide-based compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71742-71751. [PMID: 35604601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article presents fungicidal properties of 9 synthesized nicotinamide-bromides with different alkyl side chain lengths toward Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea which were examined. The fungicidal properties were determined by the measurement of the radial growth of fungi, followed by the calculation of the antifungal index. The obtained results were correlated with the descriptors from DFT calculations to determine structural features that affect the fungicidal properties of nicotinamides. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, it was confirmed that F. graminearum is most resistant to the change of lipophilicity of compounds, while S. sclerotiorum is most sensitive. For all investigated compounds, the growth rate decreased with the increase of carbon atoms in the side chain until tetradecylnicotinamidium bromide, [C14Nic][Br], while the further prolongation of the alkyl side chain increased the growth rate of fungus. This behavior was explained by the distinguished hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces in [C14Nic][Br] due to interactions between keto oxygen and bromide anion absent in the case of nicotinamides with a longer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Tot
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Karolina Vrandečić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences in Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Ćosić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences in Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Matić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences in Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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You Y, Doi Y, Maeda N, Masuo S, Takeshita N, Takaya N. Carboxypeptidase G and pterin deaminase metabolic pathways degrade folic acid in Variovorax sp. F1. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:225. [PMID: 36167524 PMCID: PMC9513972 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic vitamin (B9) and the oxidized form of a metabolic cofactor that is essential for life. Although the biosynthetic mechanisms of FA are established, its environmental degradation mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify bacteria in soil that degrade FA and the mechanisms involved. Results We isolated the soil bacterium Variovorax sp. F1 from sampled weed rhizospheres in a grassland and investigated its FA degradation mechanism. Cultured Variovorax sp. F1 rapidly degraded FA to pteroic acid (PA), indicating that FA hydrolysis to PA and glutamate. We cloned the carboxypeptidase G (CPG) gene and found widely distributed paralogs within the Variovorax genus. Recombinant CPG preferred FA and deaminofolic acid as substrates, indicating its involvement in FA degradation by Variovorax. Prolonged culture of Variovorax sp. F1 resulted in decreased rates of deaminofolic acid (DFA) and deaminopteroic acid (DPA) accumulation. This indicated that the deamination reaction also comprised a route of FA degradation. We also identified an F1 gene that was orthologous to the pterin deaminase gene (Arad3529) of Agrobacterium radiobacter. The encoded protein deaminated FA and PA to DFA and DPA, which was consistent with the deamination activity of FA and PA in bacterial cell-free extracts. Conclusion We discovered that the two enzymes required for FA degradation pathways in isolates of Variovorax sp. F1 comprise CPG and pterin deaminase, and that DFA and PA are intermediates in the generation of DPA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02643-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungmi You
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuki Doi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Norifumi Maeda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Masuo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Norio Takeshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Stachowiak W, Kaczmarek DK, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M. Sustainable Design of New Ionic Forms of Vitamin B 3 and Their Utilization as Plant Protection Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8222-8232. [PMID: 35767421 PMCID: PMC9284545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utilization of naturally occurring nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in the sustainable synthesis of organic salts with application potential as environmentally friendly agrochemicals. The designed ionic pairs, obtained with high yields, consisted of N-alkylnicotinamide cation and commercially available herbicidal anions: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA). The study confirmed the strong influence of the length of alkyl chain in products on the physicochemical properties as well as the development of cornflower and oil-seed rape. The majority of tested salts showed significantly better herbicidal activity (by approx. 30-50%) compared to the reference herbicide. Furthermore, N-hexadecylnicotinamide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate was significantly more effective than the commercial formulation in the dose-response test. Their negligible vaporization, multiple times lower than that of commonly used dimethylammonium salts, eliminates one of the greatest threats of currently applied plant protection agents. Additionally, the risk of product migration or bioaccumulation in the environment was assessed as extremely low.
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Sahu R, Meghavarnam AK, Janakiraman S. A simple, efficient and rapid screening technique for differentiating nitrile hydratase and nitrilase producing bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00396. [PMID: 31799145 PMCID: PMC6881679 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A rapid dye based plate screening method for nitrile hydrolyzing enzymes. Method identifies the end products of nitrile hydrolyzing enzymes. The method differentiates between nitrile hydratase and nitrilase producing bacteria. A potential NHase producing bacterial strain was identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous.
Nitrile hydrolyzing enzymes catalyze the hydration of nitrile compounds to corresponding amides and acids. Bacteria, isolated from soil samples were screened for nitrile hydrolyzing enzymes by simple dye based 96 well plate and nesslerization method. Bromothymol blue was used as an indicator for the detection of amides and acids based on colour change of the indicator dye from blue to dark green or yellow. The screening assay also differentiates between nitrile hydratase (NHase) and nitrilase producing bacteria. Among the 108 bacterial strains screened for enzyme activity, six strains were positive for NHase activity and eleven strains were positive for nitrilase activity based on their ability to degrade acrylonitrile into products. The strain showing maximum NHase activity in quantitative assay was identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous. The modified method developed by us would be useful for rapid screening of nitrile degrading bacteria potent for acrylamide/acrylic acid production when acrylonitrile is supplied as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sahu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Savitha Janakiraman
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, 560056, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Zhao S, Hu C, Guo L, Li K, Yu H. Isolation of a 3-hydroxypyridine degrading bacterium, Agrobacterium sp. DW-1, and its proposed degradation pathway. AMB Express 2019; 9:65. [PMID: 31102032 PMCID: PMC6525221 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-hydroxypyridine degrading bacterium, designated strain DW-1, was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil in Liao River China. 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicates that strain DW-1 belongs to genus Agrobacterium. The optimal cultivation temperature and pH for strain DW-1 with 3-hydroxypyridine were 30 °C and 8.0, respectively. Under optimal conditions, strain DW-1 could completely degrade up to 1500 mg/L of 3-hydroxypyridine in 66 h. The 3-hydroxypyridine degradation pathway of strain DW-1 was suggested by HPLC and LC-MS analysis. The first reaction of 3-hydroxypyridine degradation in strain DW-1 was α-hydroxylation so that the major metabolite 2,5-dihydroxypyridine was produced, and then 2,5-dihydroxypyridine was transformed by a Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase to form N-formylmaleamic acid. N-Formylmaleamic acid will be transformed to maleic acid and fumaric acid through maleamic acid. This is the first report of the 3-hydroxypyridine degradation pathway and the utilization of 3-hydroxypyridine by a Agrobacterium sp. It may be potentially used for the bioremediation of environments polluted with 3-hydroxypyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuiran Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
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