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Russo I, Dun W, Mehta S, Ahmed S, Tzimas C, Fukuma N, Tsai EJ. Extracellular Matrix Instability and Chronic Inflammation Underlie Maladaptive Right Ventricular Pressure Overload Remodeling and Failure in Male Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.588013. [PMID: 38617374 PMCID: PMC11014567 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.588013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) portends increased death risk for heart failure (HF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, regardless of left ventricular function or etiology. In both, RVD arises from the chronic RV pressure overload, and represents advanced cardiopulmonary disease. RV remodeling responses and survival rates of HF and PAH patients, however, differ by sex. Men develop more severe RVD and die at younger ages than do women. Mechanistic details of this sexual dimorphism in RV remodeling are incompletely understood. We sought to elucidate the cardiac pathophysiology underlying the sex-specific RV remodeling phenotypes, RV failure (RVF) versus compensated RVD. Methods We subjected male (M-) and female (F-) adult mice to moderate pulmonary artery banding (PAB) for 9wks. Mice underwent serial echocardiography, cardiac MRI, RV pressure-volume loop recordings, histologic and molecular analyses. Results M-PAB developed severe RVD with RVF, increased RV collagen deposition and degradation, extracellular matrix (ECM) instability, and activation and recruitment of macrophages. Despite the same severity and chronicity of RV pressure overload, F-PAB had more stable ECM, lacked chronic inflammation, and developed mild RVD without RVF. Conclusions ECM destabilization and chronic activation of recruited macrophages are associated with maladaptive RV remodeling and RVF in male PAB mice. Adaptive RV remodeling of female PAB mice lacked these histopathologic changes. Our findings suggest that these two pathophysiologic processes likely contribute to the sexual dimorphism of RV pressure overload remodeling. Further mechanistic studies are needed to assess their pathogenic roles and potential as targets for RVD therapy and RVF prevention. CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE What is new?: In a mouse model of pure PH, males but not females showed an association between ECM instability, chronic inflammation with activation of recruited macrophages, and severe RV dysfunction and failure.What are the clinical implications?: In male HF and PH patients, enhancing ECM stability and countering the recruitment and activation of macrophages may help preserve RV function such that RVF can be prevented or delayed. Further preclinical mechanistic studies are needed to assess the therapeutic potential of such approaches. RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE What new question does this study raise? What question should be addressed next?: What mechanisms regulate RV ECM stability and macrophage recruitment and activation in response to chronic RV pressure overload? Are these regulatory mechanisms dependent upon or independent of sex hormone signaling?
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Zhao X, Li D, Song Y, Xu J, Xiang FL. Drug Discovery for Adult Cardiomyocyte Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1070-1087. [PMID: 37166381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular disease is a major contributor to human mortality and morbidity. The cardiac tissue undergoes fibrotic healing after injury because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammalian cardiomyocyte (CM). Extensive research has been performed to identify therapeutic targets for CM regeneration, as the success of promoting adult human CM regeneration to repair the injured heart is considered the Holy Grail in the field. Recent Advances: To date, more than 30 target genes have been shown to regulate adult mammalian CM proliferation. More than 20 targets have been validated in adult mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model in a therapeutic setting. In this review, the translational efficacy readouts from 17 selected pharmaceutical targets are summarized, among which the Hippo-yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway is the most extensively investigated and fits the criteria for a promising target for pro-CM-regeneration therapy development. Critical Issues and Future Directions: As the pro-CM-regeneration potential of current drug treatment for cardiovascular patients is limited, to help identify and fill the gap between basic research and drug discovery in this specific field, details regarding target identification, validation in mouse MI models, high-throughput screening assay development, and preclinical in vivo efficacy model optimization are discussed. Finally, suggestions and recommendations are also provided to help establish a common guideline for in vivo translational studies for drug discovery focusing on CM regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1070-1087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Li Xiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Tamura Y, Tamura Y. Usefulness of Longitudinal Strain to Assess Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1297. [PMID: 37765105 PMCID: PMC10535915 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal strain (LS) measured by echocardiography has been reported to be useful not only for the diagnosis and risk stratification of various cardiac diseases, but also in cardio-oncology. Most previous studies have been conducted on patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted therapies. Existing guidelines recommend that global LS (GLS) should be measured before and after the administration of cancer drugs. This recommendation is based on many reports showing that a decline in GLS is indicative of early or mild cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction. The main purpose of this article is to provide insight into the importance of LS in patients undergoing cancer treatment and highlight the role of LS evaluation in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, which is being used with increasing frequency. Among cancer drug therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have an important place in cancer treatment and are used for the treatment of many types of cancer. Although the efficacy of ICIs in cancer treatment has been reported, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have also been reported. Among these irAEs, cardiovascular complications, although rare, are recognized as important adverse events that may result in ICI treatment discontinuation. Myocarditis is one severe adverse event associated with ICIs, and it is important to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to it. Several studies have reported a relationship between LS and cardiac complications associated with ICIs which may contribute to the early diagnosis of ICI-induced cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Tamura
- Cardiovascular Center, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Cardiovascular Center, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo 108-8329, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan
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4
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Klösener L, Samolovac S, Barnekow I, König J, Moussavi A, Boretius S, Fuchs D, Haegens A, Hinkel R, Mietsch M. Functional Cardiovascular Characterization of the Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1123. [PMID: 37627007 PMCID: PMC10452209 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate cardiovascular animal models are urgently needed to investigate genetic, molecular, and therapeutic approaches, yet the translation of results from the currently used species is difficult due to their genetic distance as well as their anatomical or physiological differences. Animal species that are closer to the human situation might help to bridge this translational gap. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is an interesting candidate to investigate certain heart diseases and cardiovascular comorbidities, yet a basic functional characterization of its hemodynamic system is still missing. Therefore, cardiac functional analyses were performed by utilizing the invasive intracardiac pressure-volume loops (PV loop) system in seven animals, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six animals, and echocardiography in five young adult male common marmosets. For a direct comparison between the three methods, only data from animals for which all three datasets could be acquired were selected. All three modalities were suitable for characterizing cardiac function, though with some systemic variations. In addition, vena cava occlusions were performed to investigate the load-independent parameters collected with the PV loop system, which allowed for a deeper analysis of the cardiac function and for a more sensitive detection of the alterations in a disease state, such as heart failure or certain cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Klösener
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Samolovac
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Barnekow
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jessica König
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amir Moussavi
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fuchs
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc., 1114 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Mietsch
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany (M.M.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.E.S.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.S.-C)
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Song R, Dasgupta C, Mulder C, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210 Controls Mitochondrial Metabolism and Protects Heart Function in Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2022; 145:1140-1153. [PMID: 35296158 PMCID: PMC9007902 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, we test the hypothesis that microRNA-210 protects the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by controlling mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux. METHODS Myocardial infarction in an acute setting of IR was examined through comparing loss- versus gain-of-function experiments in microRNA-210-deficient and wild-type mice. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial mitochondria bioenergetics was examined using a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer. RESULTS MicroRNA-210 deficiency significantly exaggerated cardiac dysfunction up to 6 weeks after myocardial IR in male, but not female, mice. Intravenous injection of microRNA-210 mimic blocked the effect and recovered the increased myocardial IR injury and cardiac dysfunction. Analysis of mitochondrial metabolism revealed that microRNA-210 inhibited mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased glycolytic activity, and reduced mitochondrial ROS flux in the heart during IR injury. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS with MitoQ consistently reversed the effect of microRNA-210 deficiency. Mechanistically, we showed that mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a novel target of microRNA-210 in the heart, and loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments revealed that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase played a key role in the microRNA-210-mediated effect on mitochondrial metabolism and ROS flux in the setting of heart IR injury. Knockdown of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase negated microRNA-210 deficiency-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS production and myocardial infarction and improved left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction after the IR treatment. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-210 targeting glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase controls mitochondrial bioenergetics and ROS flux and improves cardiac function in a murine model of myocardial infarction in the setting of IR injury. The findings suggest new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Cassidy Mulder
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Manole S, Budurea C, Pop S, Iliescu AM, Ciortea CA, Iancu SD, Popa L, Coman M, Szabó L, Coman V, Bálint Z. Correlation between Volumes Determined by Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI in Controls and Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121362. [PMID: 34947893 PMCID: PMC8707690 DOI: 10.3390/life11121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to compare cardiac volumes measured with echocardiography (echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mixed cohort of healthy controls (controls) and patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and methods: In total, 123 subjects were included in our study; 99 full datasets were analyzed. All the participants underwent clinical evaluation, EKG, echo, and cardiac MRI acquisition. Participants with full clinical data were grouped into 63 AF patients and 36 controls for calculation of left atrial volume (LA Vol) and 51 AF patients and 30 controls for calculation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LV EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and LV ejection fraction (LV EF). Results: No significant differences in LA Vol were observed (p > 0.05) when measured by either echo or MRI. However, echo provided significantly lower values for left ventricular volume (p < 0.0001). The echo LA Vol of all the subjects correlated well with that measured by MRI (Spearmen correlation coefficient r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). When comparing the two methods, significant positive correlations of EDV (all subjects: r = 0.55; Controls: r = 0.71; and AF patients: r = 0.51) and ESV (all subjects: r = 0.62; Controls: r = 0.47; and AF patients: r = 0.66) were found, with a negative bias for values determined using echo. For a subgroup of participants with ventricular volumes smaller than 49.50 mL, this bias was missing, thus in this case echocardiography could be used as an alternative for MRI. Conclusion: Good correlation and reduced bias were observed for LA Vol and EF determined by echo as compared to cardiac MRI in a mixed cohort of patients with AF and healthy volunteers. For the determination of volume values below 49.50 mL, an excellent correlation was observed between values obtained using echo and MRI, with comparatively reduced bias for the volumes determined by echo. Therefore, in certain cases, echocardiography could be used as a less expensive, less time-consuming, and contraindication free alternative to MRI for cardiac volume determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manole
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Budurea
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Sorin Pop
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Alin M. Iliescu
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Cristiana A. Ciortea
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania D. Iancu
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Popa
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Coman
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
| | - László Szabó
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Coman
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- IMOGEN Research Institute, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (C.B.); (S.P.); (A.M.I.); (C.A.C.); (S.D.I.); (L.P.); (M.C.); (L.S.); (V.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-405-300; Fax: +40-264-591-906
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Expedient assessment of post-infarct remodeling by native cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11625. [PMID: 34079005 PMCID: PMC8172884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies aiming at improving the healing process after an acute myocardial infarction are currently under intense investigation. The mouse model plays a central role for deciphering the underlying mechanisms on a molecular and cellular level. Therefore, we intended to assess in-vivo post-infarct remodeling as comprehensively as possible using an expedient native magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the two most prominent infarct models, permanent ligation (PL) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) versus ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Mice were subjected to either permanent or transient (45 min) occlusion of the LAD. After 3 weeks, examinations were performed with a 7-Tesla small animal MRI system. Data analysis was performed with the freely available software Segment. PL resulted in a massive dilation of the left ventricle, accompanied by hypertrophy of the non-infarcted myocardium and a decline of contractile function. These effects were less pronounced following I/R compared to healthy animals. Single plane assessments were not sufficient to capture the specific differences of left ventricular (LV) properties between the two infarct models. Bulls-eye plots were found to be an ideal tool for qualitative LV wall assessment, whereas a multi-slice sector-based analysis of wall regions is ideal to determine differences in hypertrophy, lateral wall thinning and wall thickening on a quantitative level. We combine the use of polar map-based analysis of LV wall properties with volumetric measurements using simple CINE CMR imaging. Our strategy represents a versatile and easily available tool for serial assessment of the LV during the remodeling process. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of novel therapies targeting the healing of damaged myocardium.
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Sztechman D, Żera T, Czarzasta K, Wojciechowska M, Szczepańska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Transthoracic echocardiography: from guidelines for humans to cardiac ultrasound of the heart in rats. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:10TR02. [PMID: 33164918 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abb3a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound examination of the heart is a cornerstone of clinical evaluation of patients with established or suspected cardiovascular conditions. Advancements in ultrasound imaging technology have brought transthoracic echocardiography to preclinical murine models of cardiovascular diseases. The translational potential of cardiac ultrasound is critically important in rat models of myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, developmental disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Modern echocardiographic machines capable of high-frame-rate image acquisition and fitted with high-frequency transducers allow for cardiac ultrasound in rats that yields most of the echocardiographic measurements and indices recommended by international guidelines for cardiac ultrasound in human patients. Among them are dimensions of cardiac chambers and walls, indices of systolic and diastolic cardiac function, and valvular function. In addition, measurements of cardiac dimensions and ejection fraction can be significantly improved by intravenous administration of ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs). In this article we discuss echocardiography in rats, describe a technique for minimally invasive intravenous administration of UEAs via the saphenous vein and present a step-by-step approach to cardiac ultrasound in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sztechman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Lopes GM, Grudzinski PB, Beyer Nardi N, Leguisamo NM. Cell Therapy Improves Cardiac Function in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1247-1265. [PMID: 32741268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anthracycline (ANT)-based treatment strongly contributes to cancer survivorship, the use of these agents is limited by the risk of cardiotoxicity. For those patients who evolve to heart failure, myocardial regenerative approaches are of particular interest, and a growing body of preclinical studies has been investigating the use of cell therapy for ANT-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). However, since animal models and modalities of cell therapy are highly heterogeneous between studies, the efficacy of cell therapy for AIC is not clear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies reporting the use of cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) in animal models of AIC with regard to global cardiac function. The Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to November 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study quality and the results of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) obtained by echocardiography. The quality of outcomes was assessed using the Cochrane, Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES), and SYRCLE bias risk tools. Pooled random-effects modeling was used to calculate pooled mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two studies comprising 381 small animals (rabbits and rodents) were included. A pooled meta-analysis of all treatments showed that cell therapy increased LVEF by 9.87% (95% CI 7.25-12.50, P < 0.00001) and FS by 7.80% (95% CI 5.68-9.92, P < 0.00001) in small animals with AIC. Cell therapy with MSC/BMMNC is effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of ANT on cardiac function in preclinical models. Nevertheless, due to the small number of studies and considerable heterogeneity, future translational studies must be designed to diminish between-study discrepancies and increase similarity to the clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maciel Lopes
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bencke Grudzinski
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nance Beyer Nardi
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natalia Motta Leguisamo
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Forti M, Frapolli R, Bello E, Novelli D, Russo I, Licandro SA, Staszewsky L, Martinelli GB, Talamini L, Pasetto L, Resovi A, Giavazzi R, Scanziani E, Careccia G, Vénéreau E, Masson S, Latini R, D’Incalci M, Piccirillo R. Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin Extend Survival of Mice Bearing C26 Colon Adenocarcinoma, without Affecting Tumor Growth or Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082312. [PMID: 32824440 PMCID: PMC7463843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trabectedin (ET743) and lurbinectedin (PM01183) limit the production of inflammatory cytokines that are elevated during cancer cachexia. Mice carrying C26 colon adenocarcinoma display cachexia (i.e., premature death and body wasting with muscle, fat and cardiac tissue depletion), high levels of inflammatory cytokines and subsequent splenomegaly. We tested whether such drugs protected these mice from cachexia. Ten-week-old mice were inoculated with C26 cells and three days later randomized to receive intravenously vehicle or 0.05 mg/kg ET743 or 0.07 mg/kg PM01183, three times a week for three weeks. ET743 or PM01183 extended the lifespan of C26-mice by 30% or 85%, respectively, without affecting tumor growth or food intake. Within 13 days from C26 implant, both drugs did not protect fat, muscle and heart from cachexia. Since PM01183 extended the animal survival more than ET743, we analyzed PM01183 further. In tibialis anterior of C26-mice, but not in atrophying myotubes, PM01183 restrained the NF-κB/PAX7/myogenin axis, possibly reducing the pro-inflammatory milieu, and failed to limit the C/EBPβ/atrogin-1 axis. Inflammation-mediated splenomegaly of C26-mice was inhibited by PM01183 for as long as the treatment lasted, without reducing IL-6, M-CSF or IL-1β in plasma. ET743 and PM01183 extend the survival of C26-bearing mice unchanging tumor growth or cachexia but possibly restrain muscle-related inflammation and C26-induced splenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Mara Forti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Ezia Bello
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Deborah Novelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Simonetta Andrea Licandro
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Lidia Staszewsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Giulia Benedetta Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Laura Talamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Andrea Resovi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Università di Milano, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Careccia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Serge Masson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-39014371
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12
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Germano JDF, Huang C, Sin J, Song Y, Tucker KC, Taylor DJR, Saadaeijahromi H, Stotland A, Piplani H, Gottlieb RA, Mentzer RM, Andres AM. Intermittent Use of a Short-Course Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy Limits Adverse Cardiac Remodeling via Parkin-dependent Mitochondrial Turnover. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8284. [PMID: 32427925 PMCID: PMC7237417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that adverse remodeling is the leading cause of heart failure and death in the USA, there is an urgent unmet need to develop new methods in dealing with this devastating disease. Here we evaluated the efficacy of a short-course glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy-specifically 2-quinoxalinamine, 6,7-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)-,6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-N-tert-butylaminoquinoxaline (DMB; aka Compound 2) - in attenuating adverse LV remodeling. We also examined the role, if any, of mitochondrial turnover in this process. Wild-type, Parkin knockout and MitoTimer-expressing mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation, then treated briefly with DMB. LV remodeling and cardiac function were assessed by histology and echocardiography. Autophagy and mitophagy markers were examined by western blot and mitochondrial biogenesis was inferred from MitoTimer protein fluorescence and qPCR. We found that DMB given post-infarction significantly reduced adverse LV remodeling and the decline of cardiac function. This paralleled an increase in autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. The salutary effects of the drug were lost in Parkin knockout mice, implicating Parkin-mediated mitophagy as part of its mechanism of action. Our findings suggest that enhancing Parkin-associated mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis after infarction is a viable target for therapeutic mitigation of adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengqun Huang
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jon Sin
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kyle C Tucker
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David J R Taylor
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Honit Piplani
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Robert M Mentzer
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allen M Andres
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA. .,University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, USA.
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13
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Rutledge C, Cater G, McMahon B, Guo L, Nouraie SM, Wu Y, Villanueva F, Kaufman BA. Commercial 4-dimensional echocardiography for murine heart volumetric evaluation after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18:9. [PMID: 32164714 PMCID: PMC7068892 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional preclinical echocardiography (ECHO) modalities, including 1-dimensional motion-mode (M-Mode) and 2-dimensional long axis (2D-US), rely on geometric and temporal assumptions about the heart for volumetric measurements. Surgical animal models, such as the mouse coronary artery ligation (CAL) model of myocardial infarction, result in morphologic changes that do not fit these geometric assumptions. New ECHO technology, including 4-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US), improves on these traditional models. This paper aims to compare commercially available 4D-US to M-mode and 2D-US in a mouse model of CAL. METHODS 37 mice underwent CAL surgery, of which 32 survived to a 4 week post-operative time point. ECHO was completed at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks after CAL. M-mode, 2D-US, and 4D-US were taken at each time point and evaluated by two separate echocardiographers. At 4 weeks, a subset (n = 12) of mice underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to serve as a reference standard. End systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were compared among imaging modalities. Hearts were also collected for histologic evaluation of scar size (n = 16) and compared to ECHO-derived wall motion severity index (WMSI) and global longitudinal strain as well as gadolinium-enhanced CMR to compare scar assessment modalities. RESULTS 4D-US provides close agreement of ESV (Bias: -2.55%, LOA: - 61.55 to 66.66) and EF (US Bias: 11.23%, LOA - 43.10 to 102.8) 4 weeks after CAL when compared to CMR, outperforming 2D-US and M-mode estimations. 4D-US has lower inter-user variability as measured by intraclass correlation (ICC) in the evaluation of EDV (0.91) and ESV (0.93) when compared to other modalities. 4D-US also allows for rapid assessment of WMSI, which correlates strongly with infarct size by histology (r = 0.77). CONCLUSION 4D-US outperforms M-Mode and 2D-US for volumetric analysis 4 weeks after CAL and has higher inter-user reliability. 4D-US allows for rapid calculation of WMSI, which correlates well with histologic scar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Rutledge
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Cater
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lanping Guo
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Flordeliza Villanueva
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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