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Volpe C, Nymark M, Andersen T, Winge P, Lavaud J, Vadstein O. Skeletonema marinoi ecotypes show specific habitat-related responses to fluctuating light supporting high potential for growth under photobioreactor light regime. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:145-161. [PMID: 38736026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are a diverse group of phytoplankton usually dominating areas characterized by rapidly shifting light conditions. Because of their high growth rates and interesting biochemical profile, their biomass is considered for various commercial applications. This study aimed at identifying strains with superior growth in a photobioreactor (PBR) by screening the natural intraspecific diversity of ecotypes isolated from different habitats. We investigated the effect of PBR light fluctuating on a millisecond scale (FL, simulating the light in a PBR) on 19 ecotypes of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi isolated from the North Sea-Baltic Sea area. We compare growth, pigment ratios, phylogeny, photo-physiological variables and photoacclimation strategies between all strains and perform qPCR and absorption spectra analysis on a subset of strains. Our results show that the ecotypes responded differently to FL, and have contrasting photo-physiological and photoprotective strategies. The strains from Kattegat performed better in FL, and shared common photoacclimation and photoprotection strategies that are the results of adaptation to the specific light climate of the Kattegat area. The strains that performed better with FL conditions had a high light (HL)-acclimated phenotype coupled with unique nonphotochemical quenching features. Based on their characteristics, three strains were identified as good candidates for growth in PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johann Lavaud
- LEMAR-Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, UMR6539 CNRS, Univ Brest, Ifremer, IRD, Institut Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Okada K, Morimoto Y, Shiraishi Y, Tamura T, Mayama S, Kadono T, Adachi M, Ifuku K, Nemoto M. Nuclear Transformation of the Marine Pennate Diatom Nitzschia sp. Strain NIES-4635 by Multi-Pulse Electroporation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:1208-1219. [PMID: 38071657 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitzschia is one of the largest genera of diatoms found in a range of aquatic environments, from freshwater to seawater. This genus contains evolutionarily and ecologically unique species, such as those that have lost photosynthetic capacity or those that live symbiotically in dinoflagellates. Several Nitzschia species have been used as indicators of water pollution. Recently, Nitzschia species have attracted considerable attention in the field of biotechnology. In this study, a transformation method for the marine pennate diatom Nitzschia sp. strain NIES-4635, isolated from the coastal Seto Inland Sea, was established. Plasmids containing the promoter/terminator of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein gene (fcp, or Lhcf) derived from Nitzschia palea were constructed and introduced into cells by multi-pulse electroporation, resulting in 500 μg/mL nourseothricin-resistant transformants with transformation frequencies of up to 365 colonies per 108 cells. In addition, when transformation was performed using a new plasmid containing a promoter derived from a diatom-infecting virus upstream of the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp), 44% of the nourseothricin-resistant clones exhibited GFP fluorescence. The integration of the genes introduced into the genomes of the transformants was confirmed by Southern blotting. The Nitzschia transformation method established in this study will enable the transformation this species, thus allowing the functional analysis of genes from the genus Nitzschia, which are important species for environmental and biotechnological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Okada
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yu Morimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yukine Shiraishi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mayama
- The Advanced Support Center for Science Teachers, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8511, Japan
- Tokyo Diatomology Lab, 2-3-2 Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0015, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Otsu-200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masao Adachi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Otsu-200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Michiko Nemoto
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Liu S, Xu Q, Chen N. Expansion of photoreception-related gene families may drive ecological adaptation of the dominant diatom species Skeletonema marinoi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165384. [PMID: 37422237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Diatom species of the genus Skeletonema are dominant in global coastal waters with important roles in marine primary production and global biogeochemical cycling. Many Skeletonema species have been extensively studied also because they can cause harmful algae blooms (HABs) with negative impacts on marine ecosystems and aquaculture. In this study, the first chromosome-level assembly of the genome of Skeletonema marinoi was constructed. The genome size was 64.99 Mb with a contig N50 of 1.95 Mb. Up to 97.12 % of contigs were successfully anchored on 24 chromosomes. Analysis of the annotated genes revealed 28 large syntenic blocks with 2397 collinear gene pairs in the genome of S. marinoi, suggesting large-scale segmental duplication events in evolution. Substantial expansion of light-harvesting genes encoding fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c binding proteins, as well as expansion of photoreceptor gene families encoding aureochromes and cyptochromes (CRY) in S. marinoi were found, which may have shaped ecological adaptation of S. marinoi. In conclusion, the construction of the first high-quality Skeletonema genome assembly offers valuable clues on the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of this dominant coastal diatom species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 niversity Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Wang L, Sun Y, Zhang R, Pan K, Li Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Zhou C, Li J, Li Y, Zhu B, Han J. Enhancement of hemostatic properties of Cyclotella cryptica frustule through genetic manipulation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:136. [PMID: 37710352 PMCID: PMC10503012 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The silicified cell wall of diatoms, also known as frustule, shows huge potential as an outstanding bio-nanomaterial for hemostatic applications due to its high hemostatic efficiency, good biocompatibility, and ready availability. As the architectural features of the frustule determine its hemostatic performance, it is of great interest to develop an effective method to modify the frustule morphology into desired patterns to further improve hemostatic efficiency. RESULTS In this study, the gene encoding Silicalemma Associated Protein 2 (a silicalemma-spanning protein) of Cyclotella cryptica (CcSAP2) was identified as a key gene in frustule morphogenesis. Thus, it was overexpressed and knocked down, respectively. The frustule of the overexpress lines showed no obvious alteration in morphology compared to the wild type (WT), while the size, specific surface area (BET), pore volume, and pore diameter of the knockdown strains changed greatly. Particularly, the knockdown frustules achieved a more pronounced coagulation effect and in vivo hemostatic performance than the WT strains. Such observations suggested that silicalemma proteins are ideal genetic encoding targets for manipulating frustule morphology associated hemostatic properties. Furthermore, the Mantel test was adopted to identify the key morphologies associated with C. cryptica bleeding control. Finally, based on our results and recent advances, the mechanism of frustule morphogenesis was discussed. CONCLUSION This study explores a new strategy for enhancing the hemostatic efficiency of the frustule based on genetic morphology modification and may provide insights into a better understanding of the frustule morphogenesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jichang Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315200, China.
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Shemi A, Ben-Dor S, Rotkopf R, Dym O, Vardi A. Phylogeny and biogeography of the algal DMS-releasing enzyme in the global ocean. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:72. [PMID: 37452148 PMCID: PMC10349084 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton produce the volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS), an important infochemical mediating microbial interactions, which is also emitted to the atmosphere and affecting the global climate. Albeit the enzymatic source for DMS in eukaryotes was elucidated, namely a DMSP lyase (DL) called Alma1, we still lack basic knowledge regarding its taxonomic distribution. We defined unique sequence motifs which enable the identification of DL homologs (DLHs) in model systems and environmental populations. We used these motifs to predict DLHs in diverse algae by analyzing hundreds of genomic and transcriptomic sequences from model systems under stress conditions and from environmental samples. Our findings show that the DL enzyme is more taxonomically widespread than previously thought, as it is encoded by known algal taxa as haptophytes and dinoflagellates, but also by chlorophytes, pelagophytes and diatoms, which were conventionally considered to lack the DL enzyme. By exploring the Tara Oceans database, we showed that DLHs are widespread across the oceans and are predominantly expressed by dinoflagellates. Certain dinoflagellate DLHs were differentially expressed between the euphotic and mesopelagic zones, suggesting a functional specialization and an involvement in the metabolic plasticity of mixotrophic dinoflagellates. In specific regions as the Southern Ocean, DLH expression by haptophytes and diatoms was correlated with environmental drivers such as nutrient availability. The expanded repertoire of putative DL enzymes from diverse microbial origins and geographic niches suggests new potential players in the marine sulfur cycle and provides a foundation to study the cellular function of the DL enzyme in marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Shemi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Orly Dym
- Structural Proteomics Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Evolution of Phytoplankton as Estimated from Genetic Diversity. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic, single-celled organisms producing almost half of all oxygen on Earth and play a central role as prey for higher organisms, making them irreplaceable in the marine food web. As Global Change proceeds, imposing rapidly intensifying selection pressures, phytoplankton are forced to undergo evolution, local extinction, or redistribution, with potentially cascading effects throughout the marine ecosystem. Recent results from the field of population genetics display high levels of standing genetic diversity in natural phytoplankton populations, providing ample ‘evolutionary options’ and implying high adaptive potential to changing conditions. This potential for adaptive evolution is realized in several studies of experimental evolution, even though most of these studies investigate the evolution of only single strains. This, however, shows that phytoplankton not only evolve from standing genetic diversity, but also rely on de novo mutations. Recent global sampling campaigns show that the immense intraspecific diversity of phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem has been significantly underestimated, meaning we are only studying a minor portion of the relevant variability in the context of Global Change and evolution. An increased understanding of genomic diversity is primarily hampered by the low number of ecologically representative reference genomes of eukaryotic phytoplankton and the functional annotation of these. However, emerging technologies relying on metagenome and transcriptome data may offer a more realistic understanding of phytoplankton diversity.
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Liu S, Xu Q, Liu K, Zhao Y, Chen N. Chloroplast Genomes for Five Skeletonema Species: Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:774617. [PMID: 34966403 PMCID: PMC8710728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.774617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletonema species are cosmopolitan coastal diatoms that exhibit important roles in ecological system. The chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) have been proven to be important in the study of molecular evolution and genetic diversity. However, cpDNA of only a single Skeletonema species (S. pseudocostatum) has been constructed, hindering in-depth investigation on Skeletonema species. In this study, complete cpDNAs of five Skeletonema species were constructed with cpDNAs of four species S. marinoi, S. tropicum, S. costatum, and S. grevillea constructed for the first time. These cpDNAs had similar sizes and same numbers of genes. These cpDNAs were highly syntenic with no substantial expansions, contractions, or inversions. Interestingly, two copies of petF, which encodes ferredoxin with critical role in iron dependency, were found in all five Skeletonema species, with one copy in the cpDNA and another copy in the nuclear genome of each species. Selection analysis revealed that all PCGs of cpDNAs were undergoing purifying selection. Despite the high conservation of these cpDNAs, nine genomic regions with high sequence divergence were identified, which illustrated substantial variations that could be used as markers for phylogenetic inference and for tracking Skeletonema species in the field. Additionally, the numbers of simple sequence repeats varied among different cpDNAs, which were useful for detecting genetic polymorphisms. The divergence times estimated using PCGs of cpDNAs revealed that most of these species were established within ∼33 Mya, consistent with that estimated using mtDNAs. Overall, the current study deepened our understanding about the molecular evolution of Skeletonema cpDNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuiyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Liu S, Wang Y, Xu Q, Zhang M, Chen N. Comparative analysis of full-length mitochondrial genomes of five Skeletonema species reveals conserved genome organization and recent speciation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:746. [PMID: 34654361 PMCID: PMC8520197 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletonema species are prominent primary producers, some of which can also cause massive harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal waters under specific environmental conditions. Nevertheless, genomic information of Skeletonema species is currently limited, hindering advanced research on their role as primary producers and as HAB species. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) has been extensively used as “super barcode” in the phylogenetic analyses and comparative genomic analyses. However, of the 21 accepted Skeletonema species, full-length mtDNAs are currently available only for a single species, S. marinoi. Results In this study, we constructed full-length mtDNAs for six strains of five Skeletonema species, including S. marinoi, S. tropicum, S. grevillei, S. pseudocostatum and S. costatum (with two strains), which were isolated from coastal waters in China. The mtDNAs of all of these Skeletonema species were compact with short intergenic regions, no introns, and no repeat regions. Comparative analyses of these Skeletonema mtDNAs revealed high conservation, with a few discrete regions of high variations, some of which could be used as molecular markers for distinguishing Skeletonema species and for tracking the biogeographic distribution of these species with high resolution and specificity. We estimated divergence times among these Skeletonema species using 34 mtDNAs genes with fossil data as calibration point in PAML, which revealed that the Skeletonema species formed the independent clade diverging from Thalassiosira species approximately 48.30 Mya. Conclusions The availability of mtDNAs of five Skeletonema species provided valuable reference sequences for further evolutionary studies including speciation time estimation and comparative genomic analysis among diatom species. Divergent regions could be used as molecular markers for tracking different Skeletonema species in the fields of coastal regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07999-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10039, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, China. .,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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High-efficiency transformation of a centric diatom Chaetoceros muelleri by electroporation with a variety of selectable markers. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang M, Zhen Y, Mi T, Lin S. Integrated RNA-seq and Proteomic Studies Reveal Resource Reallocation towards Energy Metabolism and Defense in Skeletonema marinoi in Response to CO 2 Increase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02614-20. [PMID: 33355106 PMCID: PMC8090871 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02614-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification (OA) with significant consequences for marine organisms. Because CO2 is essential for photosynthesis, the effect of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton is more complex and the mechanism is poorly understood. Here we applied RNA-seq and iTRAQ proteomics to investigate the impacts of CO2 increase (from ∼400 to 1000 ppm) on the temperate coastal marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi We identified 32,389 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1,826 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from elevated CO2 conditions, accounting for 48.5% of total genes and 25.9% of total proteins we detected, respectively. Elevated pCO2 significantly inhibited the growth of S marinoi, and the 'omic' data suggested that this might be due to compromised photosynthesis in the chloroplast and raised mitochondrial energy metabolism. Furthermore, many genes/proteins associated with nitrogen metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and translational regulation were markedly up-regulated, suggesting enhanced protein synthesis. In addition, S marinoi exhibited higher capacity of ROS production and resistance to oxidative stress. Overall, elevated pCO2 seems to repress photosynthesis and growth of S marinoi, and through massive gene expression reconfiguration induce cells to increase investment in protein synthesis, energy metabolism and antioxidative stress defense, likely to maintain pH homeostasis and population survival. This survival strategy may deprive this usually dominant diatom in temperate coastal waters of its competitive advantages in acidified environments.Importance Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification with significant consequences for marine organisms. Chain-forming centric diatoms of Skeletonema is one of the most successful groups of eukaryotic primary producers with widespread geographic distribution. Among the recognized 28 species, S. marinoi can be a useful model for investigating the ecological, genetic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of diatoms in temperate coastal regions. In this study, we found that the elevated pCO2 seems to repress photosynthesis and growth of S. marinoi, and through massive gene expression reconfiguration induce cells to increase investment in protein synthesis, energy metabolism and antioxidative stress defense, likely to maintain pH homeostasis and population survival. This survival strategy may deprive this usually dominant diatom in temperate coastal waters of its competitive advantages in acidified environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Department of marine science, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Yu Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tiezhu Mi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of marine science, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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George J, Kahlke T, Abbriano RM, Kuzhiumparambil U, Ralph PJ, Fabris M. Metabolic Engineering Strategies in Diatoms Reveal Unique Phenotypes and Genetic Configurations With Implications for Algal Genetics and Synthetic Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32582656 PMCID: PMC7290003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are photosynthetic microeukaryotes that dominate phytoplankton populations and have increasing applicability in biotechnology. Uncovering their complex biology and elevating strains to commercial standards depends heavily on robust genetic engineering tools. However, engineering microalgal genomes predominantly relies on random integration of transgenes into nuclear DNA, often resulting in detrimental “position-effects” such as transgene silencing, integration into transcriptionally-inactive regions, and endogenous sequence disruption. With the recent development of extrachromosomal transgene expression via independent episomes, it is timely to investigate both strategies at the phenotypic and genomic level. Here, we engineered the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to produce the high-value heterologous monoterpenoid geraniol, which, besides applications as fragrance and insect repellent, is a key intermediate of high-value pharmaceuticals. Using high-throughput phenotyping we confirmed the suitability of episomes for synthetic biology applications and identified superior geraniol-yielding strains following random integration. We used third generation long-read sequencing technology to generate a complete analysis of all transgene integration events including their genomic locations and arrangements associated with high-performing strains at a genome-wide scale with subchromosomal detail, never before reported in any microalga. This revealed very large, highly concatenated insertion islands, offering profound implications on diatom functional genetics and next generation genome editing technologies, and is key for developing more precise genome engineering approaches in diatoms, including possible genomic safe harbour locations to support high transgene expression for targeted integration approaches. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that exogenous DNA is not integrated inadvertently into the nuclear genome of extrachromosomal-expression clones, an important characterisation of this novel engineering approach that paves the road to synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jestin George
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele Fabris
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Liu Q, Xing Y, Li Y, Wang H, Mi T, Zhen Y, Yu Z. Carbon fixation gene expression in Skeletonema marinoi in nitrogen-, phosphate-, silicate-starvation, and low-temperature stress exposure. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:310-323. [PMID: 31628865 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae with a set of extraordinary genes, metabolic pathways, and physiological functions acquired by secondary endosymbiosis, especially for their efficient photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanisms, which can be a reason for their successful environmental adaptation and great contribution to primary production. Based on the available genomic information, the expression patterns of carbon fixation genes were analyzed using transcriptomic sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in Skeletonema marinoi. Meanwhile, suitable reference genes applying to specific experimental treatments were selected. In our results, carbon fixation genes were standardized by actin and TATA box-binding protein-coding genes in growth phase samples and stress conditions, respectively. It was found that a series of carbon fixation genes, such as the pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK)-coding gene, had significantly up-regulated expression in nitrogen-starvation, phosphate-starvation, and low-temperature conditions, but consistently down-regulated in silicate-starvation treatment. These carbon fixation genes exhibited variable expression levels in different conditions and will be useful for investigating gene expression mechanisms in S. marinoi and improve our understanding of diatom carbon fixation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yongze Xing
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Sciences Academy, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tiezhu Mi
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yu Zhen
- Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
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13
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Johansson ON, Töpel M, Egardt J, Pinder MIM, Andersson MX, Godhe A, Clarke AK. Phenomics reveals a novel putative chloroplast fatty acid transporter in the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi involved in temperature acclimation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15143. [PMID: 31641221 PMCID: PMC6805942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton in temperate oceans and coastal regions and yet little is known about the genetic basis underpinning their global success. Here, we address this challenge by developing the first phenomic approach for a diatom, screening a collection of randomly mutagenized but identifiably tagged transformants. Based upon their tolerance to temperature extremes, several compromised mutants were identified revealing genes either stress related or encoding hypothetical proteins of unknown function. We reveal one of these hypothetical proteins is a novel putative chloroplast fatty acid transporter whose loss affects several fatty acids including the two omega-3, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids - eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, both of which have medical importance as dietary supplements and industrial significance in aquaculture and biofuels. This mutant phenotype not only provides new insights into the fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in diatoms but also highlights the future value of phenomics for revealing specific gene functions in these ecologically important phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center (GGBC), Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Egardt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew I M Pinder
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian K Clarke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Johansson ON, Pinder MIM, Ohlsson F, Egardt J, Töpel M, Clarke AK. Friends With Benefits: Exploring the Phycosphere of the Marine Diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1828. [PMID: 31447821 PMCID: PMC6691348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton in the temperate oceans and coastal regions, contributing to global photosynthesis, biogeochemical cycling of key nutrients and minerals and aquatic food chains. Integral to the success of marine diatoms is a diverse array of bacterial species that closely interact within the diffusive boundary layer, or phycosphere, surrounding the diatom partner. Recently, we isolated seven distinct bacterial species from cultures of Skeletonema marinoi, a chain-forming, centric diatom that dominates the coastal regions of the temperate oceans. Genomes of all seven bacteria were sequenced revealing many unusual characteristics such as the existence of numerous plasmids of widely varying sizes. Here we have investigated the characteristics of the bacterial interactions with S. marinoi, demonstrating that several strains (Arenibacter algicola strain SMS7, Marinobacter salarius strain SMR5, Sphingorhabdus flavimaris strain SMR4y, Sulfitobacter pseudonitzschiae strain SMR1, Yoonia vestfoldensis strain SMR4r and Roseovarius mucosus strain SMR3) stimulate growth of the diatom partner. Testing of many different environmental factors including low iron concentration, high and low temperatures, and chemical signals showed variable effects on this growth enhancement by each bacterial species, with the most significant being light quality in which green and blue but not red light enhanced the stimulatory effect on S. marinoi growth by all bacteria. Several of the bacteria also inhibited growth of one or more of the other bacterial strains to different extents when mixed together. This study highlights the complex interactions between diatoms and their associated bacteria within the phycosphere, and that further studies are needed to resolve the underlying mechanisms for these relationships and how they might influence the global success of marine diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar N Johansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew I M Pinder
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ohlsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Egardt
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian K Clarke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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