1
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Li S, Zhang H, Yu H, Wu Y, Yan L, Guan X, Dong B, Zhao M, Tian X, Hao C, Wu J. Combination of eribulin and anlotinib exerts synergistic cytotoxicity in retroperitoneal liposarcoma by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:355. [PMID: 39117615 PMCID: PMC11310505 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) is a rare heterogeneous tumor occurring within retroperitoneal space, and its overall survival has not improved much in the past few decades. Based on a small-sample clinical practice at our center, patients with RLPS can greatly benefit from anlotinib and eribulin combination. In this study, we investigated the combinational effect of anlotinib and eribulin on RLPS. In vitro experiments revealed that a low dose of anlotinib significantly enhances the cytotoxic effects of eribulin, leading to a remarkable suppression of RLPS cell proliferation, viability, colony formation, migration, and cell-cycle progression compared to individual drug treatments. At the organoid level, the combination treatment causes the spheroids in Matrigel to disintegrate earlier than the single-drug group. In vivo, RLPS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models demonstrated that the combination of these two drugs can obviously exert a safe and effective anti-tumor effect. Through transcriptome analysis, we uncovered and validated that the synergistic effect mainly is induced by the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses indicate that anlotinib plus eribulin treatment results in micro-vessel density and PD-L1 expression alterations, suggesting a potential impact on the tumor microenvironment. This study extensively explored the combination regimen at multiple levels and its underlying molecular mechanism in RLPS, thus providing a foundation for translational medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Guowen (Changchun) International Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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2
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Muramatsu J, Arihara Y, Yoshida M, Kubo T, Nakamura H, Ishikawa K, Fujita H, Sugita S, Konno T, Kojima T, Kawano Y, Kobune M, Takada K. Gap junction beta-4 accelerates cell cycle progression and metastasis through MET-AKT activation in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1564-1575. [PMID: 38342100 PMCID: PMC11093205 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite continuing advances in the development of effective new therapies, including immunotherapies, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains extremely poor. Gap junction proteins have become attractive targets for potential cancer therapy. However, the role of gap junction beta-4 (GJB4) protein remains unexplored in pancreatic cancer. Through bioinformatic analyses we discovered pancreatic cancer tissues showed higher levels of GJB4 transcripts compared to normal pancreatic tissues and this had a negative effect on overall survival in patients that had pancreatic cancer. The high expression of nuclear GJB4 was identified as a negative prognostic factor in such patients. Knockdown of GJB4 in cultured pancreatic cancer cells resulted in G0/G1 arrest followed by decreased cell proliferation and suppression of metastatic potential. The overexpression of GJB4 accelerated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a SUIT-2 cell line, whereas MET inhibitor canceled the acceleration. GJB4 suppression with siRNA significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, suppression of GJB4 inhibited MET-AKT activities. Such data suggest that targeting the GJB4-MET axis could represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Muramatsu
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yohei Arihara
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kazuma Ishikawa
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hiromi Fujita
- Department of Surgical PathologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical PathologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontiers MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontiers MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yutaka Kawano
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Department of HematologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical OncologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
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3
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López-Álvarez M, González-Aguilera C, Moura DS, Sánchez-Bustos P, Mondaza-Hernández JL, Martín-Ruiz M, Renshaw M, Ramos R, Castilla C, Blanco-Alcaina E, Hindi N, Martín-Broto J. Efficacy of Eribulin Plus Gemcitabine Combination in L-Sarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:680. [PMID: 36614121 PMCID: PMC9820645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the overall survival of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients has increased in recent years, the median progression-free survival is lower than 5 months, meaning that there is an unmet need in this population. Among second-line treatments for advanced STS, eribulin is an anti-microtubule agent that has been approved for liposarcoma. Here, we tested the combination of eribulin with gemcitabine in preclinical models of L-sarcoma. The effect in cell viability was measured by MTS and clonogenic assay. Cell cycle profiling was studied by flow cytometry, while apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The activity of eribulin plus gemcitabine was evaluated in in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In L-sarcoma cell lines, eribulin plus gemcitabine showed to be synergistic, increasing the number of hypodiploid events (increased subG1 population) and the accumulation of DNA damage. In in vivo PDX models of L-sarcomas, eribulin combined with gemcitabine was a viable scheme, delaying tumour growth after one cycle of treatment, being more effective in leiomyosarcoma. The combination of eribulin and gemcitabine was synergistic in L-sarcoma cultures and it showed to be active in in vivo studies. This combination deserves further exploration in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Álvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David S. Moura
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bustos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Renshaw
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carolina Castilla
- Nodo Biobanco Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Biobanco del SSPA, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Alcaina
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Hindi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Broto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Nakamura H, Takada K, Emori M, Hayasaka N, Sugita S. Complete Response to Eribulin in a Patient with Unresectable Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Implications of New Biomarkers. Intern Med 2022; 61:3617-3621. [PMID: 35527027 PMCID: PMC9790770 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9423-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a rare case of unresectable liposarcoma that showed a complete response to eribulin. Furthermore, a low expression of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) on an immunohistological evaluation was observed. This result is consistent with our previous preclinical study that demonstrated the significance of p-AKT signaling for eribulin resistance in multiple subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) cells. This case highlights the potential benefits of eribulin as well as the mechanism underlying resistance to eribulin in patients with unresectable or metastatic STS, especially liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopedics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naotaka Hayasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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5
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Mathur D, Taylor BP, Chatila WK, Scher HI, Schultz N, Razavi P, Xavier JB. Optimal Strategy and Benefit of Pulsed Therapy Depend On Tumor Heterogeneity and Aggressiveness at Time of Treatment Initiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:831-843. [PMID: 35247928 PMCID: PMC9081172 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a fundamental obstacle in cancer treatment. Tumors that initially respond to treatment may have a preexisting resistant subclone or acquire resistance during treatment, making relapse theoretically inevitable. Here, we investigate treatment strategies that may delay relapse using mathematical modeling. We find that for a single-drug therapy, pulse treatment-short, elevated doses followed by a complete break from treatment-delays relapse compared with continuous treatment with the same total dose over a length of time. For tumors treated with more than one drug, continuous combination treatment is only sometimes better than sequential treatment, while pulsed combination treatment or simply alternating between the two therapies at defined intervals delays relapse the longest. These results are independent of the fitness cost or benefit of resistance, and are robust to noise. Machine-learning analysis of simulations shows that the initial tumor response and heterogeneity at the start of treatment suffice to determine the benefit of pulsed or alternating treatment strategies over continuous treatment. Analysis of eight tumor burden trajectories of breast cancer patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center shows the model can predict time to resistance using initial responses to treatment and estimated preexisting resistant populations. The model calculated that pulse treatment would delay relapse in all eight cases. Overall, our results support that pulsed treatments optimized by mathematical models could delay therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mathur
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bradford P. Taylor
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Walid K. Chatila
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joao B. Xavier
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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6
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Phillips E, Jones RL, Huang P, Digklia A. Efficacy of Eribulin in Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869754. [PMID: 35444542 PMCID: PMC9014307 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a highly heterogenous group of tumors with limited systemic therapy options. Eribulin, a synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, is a potent mitotic inhibitor. A phase 3 trial of previously treated advanced Liposarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma demonstrated superiority of eribulin to dacarbazine. Eribulin appears to be particularly effective for liposarcomas. It has also been shown to be a safe and effective treatment alternative to doxorubicin in patients where doxorubicin is contraindicated. From retrospective studies, eribulin has demonstrated efficacy in patients with angiosarcoma, pleomorphic sarcomas, synovial sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas, and myxofibrosarcomas. Future areas of development include liposomal eribulin, which may provide increased efficacy and lower toxicity, and delineation of biomarkers of response and resistance, allowing better selection of patients for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden Hospital, Division of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Bertucci F, Niziers V, de Nonneville A, Finetti P, Mescam L, Mir O, Italiano A, Le Cesne A, Blay JY, Ceccarelli M, Bedognetti D, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E. Immunologic constant of rejection signature is prognostic in soft-tissue sarcoma and refines the CINSARC signature. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003687. [PMID: 35017155 PMCID: PMC8753443 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors, with high metastatic risk. The immunologic constant of rejection (ICR) 20-gene signature is a signature of cytotoxic immune response. We hypothesized that ICR might improve the prognostic assessment of early-stage STS. METHODS We retrospectively applied ICR to 1455 non-metastatic STS and searched for correlations between ICR classes and clinicopathological and biological variables, including metastasis-free survival (MFS). RESULTS Thirty-four per cent of tumors were classified as ICR1, 27% ICR2, 24% ICR3, and 15% ICR4. These classes were associated with patients' age, pathological type, and tumor depth, and an enrichment from ICR1 to ICR4 of quantitative/qualitative scores of immune response. ICR1 class was associated with a 59% increased risk of metastatic relapse when compared with ICR2-4 class. In multivariate analysis, ICR classification remained associated with MFS, as well as pathological type and Complexity Index in Sarcomas (CINSARC) classification, suggesting independent prognostic value. A prognostic clinicogenomic model, including the three variables, was built in a learning set (n=339) and validated in an independent set (n=339), showing greater prognostic precision than each variable alone or in doublet. Finally, connectivity mapping analysis identified drug classes potentially able to reverse the expression profile of poor-prognosis tumors, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies. CONCLUSION ICR signature is independently associated with postoperative MFS in early-stage STS, independently from other prognostic features, including CINSARC. We built a robust prognostic clinicogenomic model integrating ICR, CINSARC, and pathological type, and suggested differential vulnerability of each prognostic group to different systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France .,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Niziers
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre de Nonneville
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France
| | - Léna Mescam
- French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- French Sarcoma Group, Lyon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- DIETI, University of Naples Federico II Faculty of Engineering, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France
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8
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Escudero J, Heredia-Soto V, Wang Y, Ruiz P, Hu Y, Gallego A, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Martinez-Marin V, Berjon A, Ortiz-Cruz E, Bernabeu D, Feliu J, Tang J, Redondo A, Mendiola M. Eribulin activity in soft tissue sarcoma monolayer and three-dimensional cell line models: could the combination with other drugs improve its antitumoral effect? Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:646. [PMID: 34863177 PMCID: PMC8642967 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eribulin has shown antitumour activity in some soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), but it has only been approved for advanced liposarcoma (LPS). METHODS In this study, we evaluated the effect of eribulin on proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities in LPS, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and fibrosarcoma (FS) models, using both monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures. Additionally, we explored combinations of eribulin with other drugs commonly used in the treatment of STS with the aim of increasing its antitumour activity. RESULTS Eribulin showed activity inhibiting proliferation, 2D and 3D migration and invasion in most of the cell line models. Furthermore, we provide data that suggest, for the first time, a synergistic effect with ifosfamide in all models, and with pazopanib in LMS as well as in myxoid and pleomorphic LPS. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the effect of eribulin on LPS, LMS and FS cell line models. The combination of eribulin with ifosfamide or pazopanib has shown in vitro synergy, which warrants further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Escudero
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yinyin Wang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yingying Hu
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Pozo-Kreilinger
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Berjon
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortiz-Cruz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bernabeu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra UAM-ANGEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Redondo
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain. .,Cátedra UAM-ANGEM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Paseo de La Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28046, Madrid, Spain. .,Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Kaboli PJ, Imani S, Jomhori M, Ling KH. Chemoresistance in breast cancer: PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors vs the current chemotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5155-5183. [PMID: 34765318 PMCID: PMC8569340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Several types of drugs, targeting the specific proteins expressed on the breast cancer cell surface (such as receptor tyrosine kinases and immune checkpoint regulators) and proteins involved in cell cycle and motility (including cyclin-dependent kinases, DNA stabilisers, and cytoskeleton modulators) are approved for different subtypes of breast cancer. However, breast cancer also has a poor response to conventional chemotherapy due to intrinsic and acquired resistance, and an Akt fingerprint is detectable in most drug-resistant cases. Overactivation of Akt and its upstream and downstream regulators in resistant breast cancer cells is considered a major potential target for novel anti-cancer therapies, suggesting that Akt signalling acts as a cellular mechanism against chemotherapy. The present review has shown that sustained activation of Akt results in resistance to different types of chemotherapy. Akt signalling plays a cellular defence role against chemotherapy and (1) enhances multi-drug resistance, (2) increases reactive oxygen species at breast tumor microenvironment, (3) enhances anaerobic metabolism, (4) inhibits the tricarboxylic cycle, (5) promotes PD-L1 upregulation, (6) inhibits apoptosis, (7) increases glucose uptake, and more importantly (8) recruits and interconnects the plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria to hijack breast cancer cells and rescue these cells from chemotherapy. Therefore, Akt signalling is considered a cellular defence mechanism employed against chemotherapeutic effects. In addition, interfering roles of PI3K/Akt signalling on the current cytotoxic and molecularly targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy of breast cancer are discussed with a clinical approach. Although, alpelisib, a PIK3CA inhibitor, is the only PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor approved for breast cancer, we also highlight well-evaluated inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signalling based on different subtypes of breast cancer, which are under clinical trials whether as monotherapy or in combination with other types of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China
| | - Masume Jomhori
- Department of Biotechnology Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteMashhad, Iran
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Iijima K, Nakamura H, Takada K, Hayasaka N, Kubo T, Umeyama Y, Iyama S, Miyanishi K, Kobune M, Kato J. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 accelerates cell proliferation by targeting c-Myc in liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:546. [PMID: 34335918 PMCID: PMC8316717 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) has emerged as an ideal target in cancer therapeutics. However, the functions of STEAP1 in liver cancer remain unexplored. The current study aimed to characterize the biological roles of STEAP1 in liver cancer. STEAP1 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues, and high STEAP1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with liver cancer, according to several publicly available datasets. STEAP1 silencing using small interfering RNA inhibited cell proliferation and was accompanied by G1 arrest induced by the suppression of cyclin D1 and the promotion of p27. STEAP1 silencing suppressed c-Myc expression, which was identified as a component in STEAP1 signal transduction by mining publicly available datasets and was then confirmed by PCR array. In conclusion, the knockdown of STEAP1 in liver cancer cell lines led to inhibition of cell proliferation involving G1 arrest by suppressing c-Myc. The present study provides a preclinical concept for STEAP1 as a druggable target in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Iijima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kohichi Takada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Naotaka Hayasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yui Umeyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iyama
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobune
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
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11
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Gris-Oliver A, Ibrahim YH, Rivas MA, García-García C, Sánchez-Guixé M, Ruiz-Pace F, Viaplana C, Pérez-García JM, Llombart-Cussac A, Grueso J, Parés M, Guzmán M, Rodríguez O, Anton P, Cozar P, Calvo MT, Bruna A, Arribas J, Caldas C, Dienstmann R, Nuciforo P, Oliveira M, Cortés J, Serra V. PI3K activation promotes resistance to eribulin in HER2-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1581-1591. [PMID: 33723394 PMCID: PMC8076303 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eribulin is a microtubule-targeting agent approved for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC) previously treated with anthracycline- and taxane-based regimens. PIK3CA mutation is associated with worse response to chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic BC. We aimed to evaluate the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway mutations in eribulin resistance. METHODS Resistance to eribulin was evaluated in HER2- BC cell lines and patient-derived tumour xenografts, and correlated with a mutation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS Eleven out of 23 HER2- BC xenografts treated with eribulin exhibited disease progression. No correlation with ER status was detected. Among the resistant models, 64% carried mutations in PIK3CA, PIK3R1 or AKT1, but only 17% among the sensitive xenografts (P = 0.036). We observed that eribulin treatment induced AKT phosphorylation in vitro and in patient tumours. In agreement, the addition of PI3K inhibitors reversed primary and acquired resistance to eribulin in xenograft models, regardless of the genetic alterations in PI3K/AKT pathway or ER status. Mechanistically, PI3K blockade reduced p21 levels likely enabling apoptosis, thus sensitising to eribulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS PI3K pathway activation induces primary resistance or early adaptation to eribulin, supporting the combination of PI3K inhibitors and eribulin for the treatment of HER2- BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gris-Oliver
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasir H Ibrahim
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín A Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celina García-García
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sánchez-Guixé
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiorella Ruiz-Pace
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Viaplana
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | - Judit Grueso
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Parés
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guzmán
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Anton
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cozar
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Calvo
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Preclinical Modelling of Paediatric Cancer Evolution Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Growth Factors Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- Oncology Data Science (ODysSey Group), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Ridgewood, NJ, USA.
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Breast Cancer Program, Quironsalud Group, Institute of Oncology (IOB), Madrid, Spain.
- Breast Cancer GroupVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Boichuk S, Bikinieva F, Nurgatina I, Dunaev P, Valeeva E, Aukhadieva A, Sabirov A, Galembikova A. Inhibition of AKT-Signaling Sensitizes Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) to Doxorubicin via Targeting of Homology-Mediated DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8842. [PMID: 33266502 PMCID: PMC7700672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway is well documented for a broad spectrum of human malignancies supporting their growth and progression. Accumulating evidence has also implicated AKT as a potent modulator of anti-cancer therapies via regulation of DNA damage response and repair (DDR) induced by certain chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation (IR). In the present study, we examined the role of AKT signaling in regulating of Rad51 turnover and cytotoxic effects of topoisomerase II inhibitor, doxorubicin (Dox) in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in vitro. Blocking of AKT signaling (MK-2206) enhanced cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Dox in vast majority of STS and GIST cell lines. The phosphorylated form of Akt co-immunoprecipitates with Rad51 after Dox-induced DNA damage, whereas Akt inhibition interrupts this interaction and decreases Rad51 protein level by enhancing protein instability via proteasome-dependent degradation. Inhibition of Akt signaling in Dox-treated cells was associated with the increased number of γ-H2AX-positive cells, decrease of Rad51 foci formation and its colocalization with γ-H2AX foci, thereby revealing unsuccessful DDR events. This was also in consistency with an increase of tail moment (TM) and olive tail moment (OTM) in Dox-treated GIST and STS cells cultured in presence of Akt inhibitor after Dox washout. Altogether, our data illustrates that inhibition of AKT signaling is STS and GIST might potentiate the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase II inhibitors via attenuating the homology-mediated DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Boichuk
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Firuza Bikinieva
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Ilmira Nurgatina
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Pavel Dunaev
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Elena Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Aida Aukhadieva
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexey Sabirov
- Department of Pathology, Tatarstan Cancer Center, 420029 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Aigul Galembikova
- Department of Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (F.B.); (I.N.); (P.D.); (A.A.); (A.G.)
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13
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Dong Y, Gong W, Hua Z, Chen B, Zhao G, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Combination of Rapamycin and MK-2206 Induced Cell Death via Autophagy and Necroptosis in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32116708 PMCID: PMC7033642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric malignant extracranial solid tumor. Despite multi-modality therapies, the emergence of drug resistance is an obstacle in the treatment of high-risk NB patients (with MYCN amplification). In our previous study, we found that rapamycin and MK-2206 synergistically induced cell death in MYCN-amplified cell lines but the mechanisms remained unclear. In our present study, either 3-MA or necroatatin-1 blocked the cell death induced by rapamycin and MK-2206, but z-VAD-fmk did not block this cell death. The expressions of autophagy markers (ATG5, ATG7, Beclin-1, LC3 B) and the necroptosis marker RIPK3 increased and another necroptosis marker RIPK1 decreased after the combination treatment of rapamycin and MK-2206, and were accompanied by the morphological characteristics of autophagy and necroptosis. In NB xenograft tumor tissues, the expressions of autophagy and necroptosis markers were consistent with observations in vitro. These data suggested that autophagy and necroptosis contributed to the cell death induced by rapamycin and MK-2206 in NB cells. To understand the role of MYCN in this process, MYCN expression was downregulated in MYCN-amplified cell lines (NGP, BE2) using siRNAs and was upregulated in MYCN non-amplified cell lines (AS, SY5Y) using plasmid. We found the cell death induced by rapamycin and MK-2206 was MYCN-dependent. We also found that the metabolic activity in NB cells was correlated with the expression level of MYCN. This study delineates the role of MYCN in the cell death induced by combination treatment of rapamycin and MK-2206 in MYCN-amplified NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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