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Park S, Sharma H, Safdar M, Lee J, Kim W, Park S, Jeong HE, Kim J. Micro/nanoengineered agricultural by-products for biomedical and environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118490. [PMID: 38365052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Agriculturally derived by-products generated during the growth cycles of living organisms as secondary products have attracted increasing interest due to their wide range of biomedical and environmental applications. These by-products are considered promising candidates because of their unique characteristics including chemical stability, profound biocompatibility and offering a green approach by producing the least impact on the environment. Recently, micro/nanoengineering based techniques play a significant role in upgrading their utility, by controlling their structural integrity and promoting their functions at a micro and nano scale. Specifically, they can be used for biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration, drug delivery, disease diagnosis, as well as environmental applications such as filtration, bioenergy production, and the detection of environmental pollutants. This review highlights the diverse role of micro/nano-engineering techniques when applied on agricultural by-products with intriguing properties and upscaling their wide range of applications across the biomedical and environmental fields. Finally, we outline the future prospects and remarkable potential that these agricultural by-products hold in establishing a new era in the realms of biomedical science and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Harshita Sharma
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahpara Safdar
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongryun Lee
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbae Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Shan Z, Liu X, Zhao J, Li G, Yang DP. Self-Assembled and Multilayer-Overlapped ESM-PDA@rGO Nanofilm-Based Flexible Wearable Sensor for Real-Time Body Temperature Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38035389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for wearable sensors that continuously monitor human physiological conditions in real time. Herein, an ESM-PDA@rGO-based flexible wearable temperature sensor was successfully constructed by integrating an eggshell membrane (ESM) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through dopamine (DA) polymerization. Depending on the "bridge effect" of diversified polydopamine (PDA) chains, on the one hand, a staggered arrangement of PDA-rGO frameworks and a lot of conductive pathways were produced and acted as an active layer. On the other hand, PDA-rGO frameworks were linked with ESM by PDA chains as a flexible sensing nanofilm. As a result, these mechanical merits of the ESM-PDA@rGO exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in Young' s modulus and 1.4-fold increase in tensile strength. Thereby, the conformability and performance of the temperature sensor were greatly enhanced, showing excellent sensitivity (-2.23%/°C), good linearity (R2 = 0.979), as well as stability. Especially, the flexible sensing nanofilm is evolved from the staggered arrangement of PDA-rGO frameworks, which endows it with rapid response (only 4-8 s), high resolution (0.1 °C), as well as excellent long-term durability (10 weeks). More importantly, the temperature sensor demonstrates insensitivity to bending deformation, ensuring reliable wearing stability. The sensor allows for online, real-time monitoring of human body temperature, encompassing both core (forehead, temple, cochlea, and exhale gas) and shell (palm and back of the hand, fingertip, and instep) temperatures. Particularly, it can accurately assess minor changes in peripheral body temperature before and after exercise, and it is capable of mapping daily patterns of body temperatures. The developed temperature sensor will provide us new materials design concepts and holds considerable promise in the fields of e-skin, disease surveillance, prediction, and diagnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yixia Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhaohui Shan
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Ullah A, Zulfiqar MH, Khan MA, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y. Fast Response Facile Fabricated IDE-Based Ultra-sensitive Humidity Sensor for Medical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16842-16850. [PMID: 37214719 PMCID: PMC10193570 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly, biodegradable, flexible, and facile fabricated interdigital electrode-based capacitive humidity sensor with applications in health and medicine has been reported here. Several sensors use copper tape as electrodes on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with non-woven paper as the sensing layer. Two different configurations of sensors were tested, i.e., with and without pores in the PET substrate. The sensing performance of both sensors has been tested for relative humidity ranging from 35 to 100% at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 °C. The capacitance of the sensor varies linearly in response to the change in humidity. The sensor with pores shows a response from 28 to 630 pF as the humidity varied from 35 to 100%, whereas the sensor without pores responded from 22 to 430 pF. The response and recovery times of the fabricated sensor are observed as ∼2.4, and ∼1.8 s, respectively, and the sensitivity is 9.67 pF/% RH. The sensors are tested multiple times, and repeatable results are achieved each time with an accuracy of ±0.22%. Further, the sensor's response is also stable for different ranges of temperatures. Finally, to demonstrate an application of the proposed sensor, it has been utilized to monitor respiration through nose and mouth breathing. The low-cost, stable, repeatable, and highly sensitive response makes our fabricated sensor a promising candidate for practical field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- MicroNano
Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamza Zulfiqar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Engineering and Technology (UET), Narowal Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Khan
- Innovative
Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative
Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano
Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative
Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
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Xia L, Chen F, Chao J, Zhang D, Tian Y, Zhang D. Femtosecond laser engineered eggshell membrane for durable oil/water separation under harsh conditions. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Ru M, Hai AM, Wang L, Yan S, Zhang Q. Recent progress in silk-based biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:422-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pyrrol-Anthracene: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application as Active Material in Humidity, Temperature and Light Sensors. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis of small molecular semiconductor 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-anthracene-9,10-dione (PAD) via wet chemical precipitation route method for its possible potential applications in sensors. Thin film characterization of the synthesized PAD is carried out by studying its surface morphology, bond dynamics, and optical properties. For studying sensing characteristics of the PAD, its 100 nm thick film is thermally deposited on pre-patterned silver (Ag) electrodes over glass substrate having ~45 µm inter-electrode gaps to prepare Ag/PAD/Ag sensor. The effects of humidity (%RH), temperature (T), and illumination of light (Ev) on the fabricated Ag/PAD/Ag sensor are studied by changing one of the three (%RH, T, and Ev) parameters at a time and measuring the corresponding variations in capacitance (C) and capacitive reactance (X) of the device. As C and X also depend on frequency, sensing properties of the Ag/PAD/Ag sensor are measured at two different frequencies (120 Hz and 1 kHz) to find the optimum sensitivity conditions. To investigate reproducibility and repeatability of Ag/PAD/Ag sensor, each measurement is taken several times and also hysteresis loops of %RH vs. C are plotted at 120 Hz and 1 kHz to find the percent errors in each cycle of measurements. The sensor is active to sense humidity, temperature, and illumination within a broad range, i.e., from 15–93%RH, 293–382 K, and 1500–20,000 lx, respectively. Other key parameters of the sensor i.e., the humidity response time (TRes) and recovery time (TRec), are measured, which are 5 and 7 s, respectively, whereas for light sensing the values of TRes and TRec are measured to be 3.8 and 2.6 s, respectively. The measured values of TRes and TRec for the fabricated Ag/PAD/Ag sensor are shorter and better as compared to those of previously reported for similar kind of small molecular based sensors. The sensing properties of Ag/PAD/Ag device exhibit the potential of PAD for humidity, temperature, and light sensing applications.
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Huang Z, Yang J. A New Class of Electronic Devices Based on Flexible Porous Substrates. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105084. [PMID: 35038244 PMCID: PMC8895116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the Internet of Things era, the connection between electronic devices and humans is getting closer and closer. New-concept electronic devices including e-skins, nanogenerators, brain-machine interfaces, and implantable medical devices, can work on or inside human bodies, calling for wearing comfort, super flexibility, biodegradability, and stability under complex deformations. However, conventional electronics based on metal and plastic substrates cannot effectively meet these new application requirements. Therefore, a series of advanced electronic devices based on flexible porous substrates (e.g., paper, fabric, electrospun nanofibers, wood, and elastic polymer sponge) is being developed to address these challenges by virtue of their superior biocompatibility, breathability, deformability, and robustness. The porous structure of these substrates can not only improve device performance but also enable new functions, but due to their wide variety, choosing the right porous substrate is crucial for preparing high-performance electronics for specific applications. Herein, the properties of different flexible porous substrates are summarized and their basic principles of design, manufacture, and use are highlighted. Subsequently, various functionalization methods of these porous substrates are briefly introduced and compared. Then, the latest advances in flexible porous substrate-based electronics are demonstrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5B9Canada
| | - Tengyuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5B9Canada
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5B9Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5B9Canada
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen518000P. R. China
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The Effect of Surface Hydroxyls on the Humidity-Sensitive Properties of LiCl-Doped ZnSn(OH)6 Sphere-Based Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030467. [PMID: 35159812 PMCID: PMC8839284 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pure zinc hydroxystannate (ZnSn(OH)6) and LiCl-doped ZnSn(OH)6 have been synthesized through a facile wet chemical method. The LiCl-doped samples keep their original spherical morphology as pure ZnSn(OH)6, with some LiCl particles stuck to its surface, providing more active sites for the adsorption and desorption of water molecules. The influence of LiCl doping on the humidity-sensing properties was explored by varying the dopant concentration. The 16 wt% LiCl/ZnSn(OH)6 showed a better humidity-sensing performance than that of the pure ZnSn(OH)6 and other doped samples, including a high resistive sensitivity, a relatively small hysteresis, and a fast response speed. Through the FTIR analysis, the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface structure after aging has been found to decline markedly. These hydroxyl groups provide a platform for the adsorption of water molecules on the surface and promote the dissociation of water molecules. The detriment of aging to sensor performance should not be underrated. The complex impedance spectrum explains the mechanism of the sensor. These results demonstrate that ZnSn(OH)6 has potential application in fabricating humidity sensors, and the sensing performance of the sensor is enhanced by the dopant LiCl.
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Khan MU, Hassan G, Shaukat RA, Saqib QM, Chougale MY, Kim J, Bae J. Wide range and highly linear signal processed systematic humidity sensor array using Methylene Blue and Graphene composite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16665. [PMID: 34404831 PMCID: PMC8371138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a signal processed systematic 3 × 3 humidity sensor array with all range and highly linear humidity response based on different particles size composite inks and different interspaces of interdigital electrodes (IDEs). The fabricated sensors are patterned through a commercial inkjet printer and the composite of Methylene Blue and Graphene with three different particle sizes of bulk Graphene Flakes (BGF), Graphene Flakes (GF), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD), which are employed as an active layer using spin coating technique on three types of IDEs with different interspaces of 300, 200, and 100 µm. All range linear function (0–100% RH) is achieved by applying the linear combination method of nine sensors in the signal processing field, where weights for linear combination are required, which are estimated by the least square solution. The humidity sensing array shows a fast response time (Tres) of 0.2 s and recovery time (Trec) of 0.4 s. From the results, the proposed humidity sensor array opens a new gateway for a wide range of humidity sensing applications with a linear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Khan
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Gul Hassan
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea.,Centre for Advanced Electronics and Photovoltaic Engineering (CAEPE), International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rayyan Ali Shaukat
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Qazi Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Mahesh Y Chougale
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Jinho Bae
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Korea.
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Furqan CM, Khan MU, Awais M, Jiang F, Bae J, Hassan A, Kwok HS. Humidity sensor based on Gallium Nitride for real time monitoring applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11088. [PMID: 34045509 PMCID: PMC8159938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallium Nitride (GaN) remarkably shows high electron mobility, wide energy band gap, biocompatibility, and chemical stability. Wurtzite structure makes topmost Gallium atoms electropositive, hence high ligand binding ability especially to anions, making it usable as humidity sensor due to water self-ionization phenomenon. In this work, thin-film GaN based humidity sensor is fabricated through pulse modulated DC magnetron sputtering. Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with 100 μm width and spacing were inkjet printed on top of GaN sensing layer to further enhance sensor sensitivity. Impedance, capacitance, and current response were recorded for humidity and bio-sensing applications. The sensor shows approximate linear impedance response between 0 and 100% humidity range, the sensitivity of 8.53 nF/RH% and 79 kΩ/RH% for capacitance and impedance, and fast response (Tres) and recovery (Trec) time of 3.5 s and 9 s, respectively. The sensor shows little hysteresis of < 3.53% with stable and wide variations for accurate measurements. Especially, it demonstrates temperature invariance for thermal stability. Experimental results demonstrate fabricated sensor effectively evaluates plant transpiration cycle through water level monitoring by direct attachment onto leaves without causing any damage as well as freshness level of meat loaf. These properties of the proposed sensor make it a suitable candidate for future electronics providing a low-cost platform for real time monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaudhry Muhammad Furqan
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Umair Khan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, JEJU National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Awais
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES-FAST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fulong Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jinho Bae
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, JEJU National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arshad Hassan
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES-FAST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hoi-Sing Kwok
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Saqib M, Ali Khan S, Mutee Ur Rehman HM, Yang Y, Kim S, Rehman MM, Young Kim W. High-Performance Humidity Sensor Based on the Graphene Flower/Zinc Oxide Composite. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010242. [PMID: 33477616 PMCID: PMC7831307 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Performance of an electronic device relies heavily on the availability of a suitable functional material. One of the simple, easy, and cost-effective ways to obtain novel functional materials with improved properties for desired applications is to make composites of selected materials. In this work, a novel composite of transparent n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) with a wide bandgap and a unique structure of graphene in the form of a graphene flower (GrF) is synthesized and used as the functional layer of a humidity sensor. The (GrF/ZnO) composite was synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. Morphological, elemental, and structural characterizations of GrF/ZnO composite were performed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively, to fully understand the properties of this newly synthesized functional material. The proposed humidity sensor was tested in the relative humidity (RH) range of 15% RH% to 86% RH%. The demonstrated sensor illustrated a highly sensitive response to humidity with an average current change of 7.77 μA/RH%. Other prominent characteristics shown by this device include but were not limited to high stability, repeatable results, fast response, and quick recovery time. The proposed humidity sensor was highly sensitive to human breathing, thus making it a promising candidate for various applications related to health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Shenawar Ali Khan
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Hafiz Mohammad Mutee Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Yunsook Yang
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Seongwan Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Muqeet Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Woo Young Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Khan MU, Saqib QM, Hassan G, Bae J. All printed organic humidity sensor based on egg albumin. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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13
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Printable Highly Stable and Superfast Humidity Sensor Based on Two Dimensional Molybdenum Diselenide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5509. [PMID: 32218460 PMCID: PMC7099085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for sensing applications, due to their exceptional high performance in nano-electronics. Inherentely, the chemical and thermal responses of TMDCs are highly stable, hence, they pave way for real time sensor applications. This article proposes inceptively a stable and superfast humidity sensor using two-dimensional (2D) Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) through printed technlogies. The 2D MoSe2 ink is synthesized through wet grinding to achieve few-layered nano-flakes. Inter digital electrodes (IDEs) are fabricated via screen-printing on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and thin film of MoSe2 nano-flakes is fabricated through spin coating. The impedance and capacitance response are recorded at 1 kHz between temperature levels ranging from 20-30 °C. The impedance and capacitance hysteresis results are recorded <1.98% and <2.36%, respectively, ensuring very good repeatability during humidification and dehumidification. The stability of impedance and capacitance response are recorded with maximum error rate of ~ 0.162% and ~ 0.183%, respectively. The proposed sensor shows fast impedance response time (Tres) of ~ 0.96 s, and recovery time (Trec) of ~ 1.03 s, which has Tres of ~ 1.87 s, and Trec of ~ 2.13 s for capacitance. It is aimed to develop a high performance and stable humidity sensor for various monitoring applications.
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Highly Sensitive and Full Range Detectable Humidity Sensor using PEDOT:PSS, Methyl Red and Graphene Oxide Materials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15227. [PMID: 31645634 PMCID: PMC6811546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single transducer with humidity sensing materials has limitations in both range and sensitivity, which cannot be used to detect the full range of humidity with consistent sensitivity. To enlarge range and improve sensitivity in the all range relative humidity (RH), we propose a highly sensitive and full range detectable humidity sensor based on multiple inter-digital transducer (IDT) electrodes connected in series with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped poly (styrene sulfonate) anions (PEDOT: PSS), C15H15N3O2 (Methyl Red), and graphene oxide (GO) thin films as the active sensing materials. The humidity sensor with single active material has a limit in the detecting ranges, where the GO, PEDOT: PSS, and Methyl Red materials have sensing responses of 0 to 78% RH, 30 to 75% RH, and 25 to 100% RH, respectively. However, a humidity sensor using combined three active materials can respond to much wider range of RH with high sensitivity, where the IDTs and the active regions were prepared using ink-jet printing and spin coating, respectively. This proposed sensor can detect a full range of 0% RH to 100% RH. The response and recovery times are 1 sec and 3.5 sec, respectively. Our single sensing device using multiple IDTs connected different active materials in series can overcome the limitations of single transducer based sensor for the high performance sensor applications.
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