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Erdos T, Masuda M, Venketaraman V. Glutathione in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5530-5549. [PMID: 38921002 PMCID: PMC11202908 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A large portion of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have neurologic sequelae. Those with better-controlled HIV via antiretroviral therapies generally have less severe neurologic symptoms. However, for many patients, antiretrovirals do not adequately resolve symptoms. Since much of the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS (Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome) involves oxidative stress either directly, through viral interaction, or indirectly, through inflammatory mechanisms, we have reviewed relevant trials of glutathione supplementation in each of the HIV-associated neurocognitive diseases and have found disease-specific results. For diseases for which trials have not been completed, predicted responses to glutathione supplementation are made based on relevant mechanisms seen in the literature. It is not sufficient to conclude that all HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will benefit from the antioxidant effects of glutathione supplementation. The potential effects of glutathione supplementation in patients with HAND are likely to differ based on the specific HIV-associated neurocognitive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (T.E.); (M.M.)
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2
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Casson CL, John SA, Ferrall-Fairbanks MC. Mathematical modeling of cardio-oncology: Modeling the systemic effects of cancer therapeutics on the cardiovascular system. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:30-41. [PMID: 37979714 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a common side-effect of many cancer therapeutics; however, to-date there has been very little push to understand the mechanisms underlying this group of pathologies. This has led to the emergence of cardio-oncology, a field of medicine focused on understanding the effects of cancer and its treatment on the human heart. Here, we describe how mechanistic modeling approaches have been applied to study open questions in the cardiovascular system and how these approaches are being increasingly applied to advance knowledge of the underlying effects of cancer treatments on the human heart. A variety of mechanistic, mathematical modeling techniques have been applied to explore the link between common cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and cardiotoxicity, nevertheless there is limited coverage in the different types of cardiac dysfunction that may be associated with these treatments. Moreover, cardiac modeling has a rich heritage of mathematical modeling and is well suited for the further development of novel approaches for understanding the cardiotoxicities associated with cancer therapeutics. There are many opportunities to combine mechanistic, bottom-up approaches with data-driven, top-down approaches to improve personalized, precision oncology to better understand, and ultimately mitigate, cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camara L Casson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sofia A John
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Meghan C Ferrall-Fairbanks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Dongmo Zeukang R, Kalinski JC, Tembeni B, Goosen ED, Tembu J, Tabopda Kuiate T, Ngono Bikobo DS, Tagatsing Fotsing M, Atchadé ADT, Siwe-Noundou X. Quinones from Cordia species from 1972 to 2023: isolation, structural diversity and pharmacological activities. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:52. [PMID: 37996570 PMCID: PMC10667191 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Cordia (Boraginaceae family) are widely distributed in the tropical regions of America, Africa, and Asia. They are extensively used in folk medicine due to their rich medicinal properties. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation, structure, biogenesis, and biological properties of quinones from Cordia species reported from 1972 to 2023. Meroterpenoids were identified as the major quinones in most Cordia species and are reported as a chemotaxonomic markers of the Cordia. In addition to this property, quinones are reported to display a wider and broader spectrum of activities, are efficient scaffold in biological activity, compared to other classes of compounds reported in Cordia, hence our focus on the study of quinones reported from Cordia species. About 70 types of quinones have been isolated, while others have been identified by phytochemical screening or gas chromatography. Although the biosynthesis of quinones from Cordia species is not yet fully understood, previous reports suggest that they may be derived from geranyl pyrophosphate and an aromatic precursor unit, followed by oxidative cyclization of the allylic methyl group. Studies have demonstrated that quinones from this genus exhibit antifungal, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, antibiofilm, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, neuroinhibitory, and hemolytic activities. In addition, they have been shown to exhibit remarkable cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines which is likely related to their ability to inhibit electron transport as well as oxidative phosphorylation, and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their biological activities indicate potential utility in the development of new drugs, especially as active components in drug-carrier systems, against a broad spectrum of pathogens and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostanie Dongmo Zeukang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Jarmo-Charles Kalinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Tembeni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, PO Box 218, Pretoria, 0204, South Africa
| | - Eleonora D Goosen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Turibio Tabopda Kuiate
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Maurice Tagatsing Fotsing
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alex de Théodore Atchadé
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, PO Box 218, Pretoria, 0204, South Africa.
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Baumann K, Wietzoreck M, Shahpoury P, Filippi A, Hildmann S, Lelieveld S, Berkemeier T, Tong H, Pöschl U, Lammel G. Is the oxidative potential of components of fine particulate matter surface-mediated? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16749-16755. [PMID: 36550248 PMCID: PMC9908692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active substances in fine particulate matter (PM) contribute to inhalation health risks through their potential to generate reactive oxygen species in epithelial lung lining fluid (ELF). The ELF's air-liquid interface (ALI) can play an important role in the phase transfer and multi-phase reactions of redox-active PM constituents. We investigated the influence of interfacial processes and properties by scrubbing of coated nano-particles with simulated ELF in a nebulizing mist chamber. Weakly water-soluble redox-active organics abundant in ambient fine PM were reproducibly loaded into ELF via ALI mixing. The resulting oxidative potential (OP) of selected quinones and other PAH derivatives were found to exceed the OP resulting from bulk mixing of the same amounts of redox-active substances and ELF. Our results indicate that the OP of PM components depends not only on the PM substance properties but also on the ELF interface properties and uptake mechanisms. OP measurements based on bulk mixing of phases may not represent the effective OP in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Baumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, USA
| | - Marco Wietzoreck
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pourya Shahpoury
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Alexander Filippi
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hildmann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven Lelieveld
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haijie Tong
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Why Do Dietary Flavonoids Have a Promising Effect as Enhancers of Anthracyclines? Hydroxyl Substituents, Bioavailability and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010391. [PMID: 36613834 PMCID: PMC9820151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines currently play a key role in the treatment of many cancers, but the limiting factor of their use is the widespread phenomenon of drug resistance and untargeted toxicity. Flavonoids have pleiotropic, beneficial effects on human health that, apart from antioxidant activity, are currently considered small molecules-starting structures for drug development and enhancers of conventional therapeutics. This paper is a review of the current and most important data on the participation of a selected series of flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin, which differ in the presence of an additional hydroxyl group, in the formation of a synergistic effect with anthracycline antibiotics. The review includes a characterization of the mechanism of action of flavonoids, as well as insight into the physicochemical parameters determining their bioavailability in vitro. The crosstalk between flavonoids and the molecular activity of anthracyclines discussed in the article covers the most important common areas of action, such as (1) disruption of DNA integrity (genotoxic effect), (2) modulation of antioxidant response pathways, and (3) inhibition of the activity of membrane proteins responsible for the active transport of drugs and xenobiotics. The increase in knowledge about the relationship between the molecular structure of flavonoids and their biological effect makes it possible to more effectively search for derivatives with a synergistic effect with anthracyclines and to develop better therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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Freije SL, Enquobahrie DA, Day DB, Loftus C, Szpiro AA, Karr CJ, Trasande L, Kahn LG, Barrett E, Kannan K, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Swan S, Alex Mason W, Robinson M, Sathyanarayana S. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gestational age at birth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107246. [PMID: 35453081 PMCID: PMC9269995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous chemicals with mechanisms of toxicity that include endocrine disruption. We examined associations of prenatal urinary PAH with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and gestational age (GA) at birth. We also assessed whether infant sex modifies the association of PAH exposure with spontaneous PTB and GA at birth. METHODS Participants included 1,677 non-smoking women from three cohorts (CANDLE, TIDES, and GAPPS) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. Twelve monohydroxylated-PAHs were measured in second trimester maternal urine. Seven metabolites with >60% overall detection were included in analyses: 1-hydroxynaphthalene [1-OH-NAP], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [2-OH-NAP], 2-hydroxyphenanthrene [2-OH-PHEN], 3-hydroxyphenanthrene [3-OH-PHEN], 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene [1/9-OH-PHEN], 2/3/9-hydroxyfluorene [2/3/9-OH-FLUO], and 1-hydroxypyrene [1-OH-PYR]. Logistic and linear regression models were fit for spontaneous PTB and GA among births ≥34 weeks, respectively, with log10-transformed OH-PAH concentrations as the exposure, adjusted for specific gravity and suspected confounders. Effect modification by infant sex was assessed using interaction terms and marginal estimates. RESULTS Percent detection was highest for 2-OH-NAP (99.8%) and lowest for 1-OH-PYR (65.2%). Prevalence of spontaneous PTB was 5.5% (N = 92). Ten-fold higher 2-OH-NAP exposure was associated with 1.60-day (95% CI: -2.92, -0.28) earlier GA at birth. Remaining associations in the pooled population were null. Among females, we observed significant inverse associations between 1-OH-PYR and PTB (OR: 2.65 [95% CI: 1.39, 5.05]); and 2-OH-NAP with GA: -2.46 days [95% CI: -4.15, -0.77]). Among males, we observed an inverse association between 2/3/9-OH-FLUO and PTB (OR = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.17,0.98]). ORs for PTB were higher among females than males for 2-OH-PHEN (p = 0.02) and 1-OH-PYR (p = 0.02). DISCUSSION We observed inverse associations of 2-OH-NAP exposure with GA and null associations of remaining OH-PAHs with GA and PTB. Females may be more susceptible to spontaneous PTB or shorter GA following prenatal exposure to some OH-PAHs. This study is the first to assess sex-specific OH-PAH toxicity in relation to spontaneous PTB and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Freije
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Xiao J, Hai L, Li Y, Li H, Gong M, Wang Z, Tang Z, Deng L, He D. An Ultrasmall Fe 3 O 4 -Decorated Polydopamine Hybrid Nanozyme Enables Continuous Conversion of Oxygen into Toxic Hydroxyl Radical via GSH-Depleted Cascade Redox Reactions for Intensive Wound Disinfection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105465. [PMID: 34918449 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanozyme-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for fighting bacterial infections faces several major obstacles including low hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) level, over-expressed glutathione (GSH) in infected sites, and inevitable damage to healthy tissue with abundant nonlocalized nanozymes. Herein, a smart ultrasmall Fe3 O4 -decorated polydopamine (PDA/Fe3 O4 ) hybrid nanozyme is demonstrated that continuously converts oxygen into highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) via GSH-depleted cascade redox reactions for CDT-mediated bacterial elimination and intensive wound disinfection. In this system, photonic hyperthermia of PDA/Fe3 O4 nanozymes can not only directly damage bacteria, but also improve the horseradish peroxidase-like activity of Fe3 O4 decorated for CDT. Surprisingly, through photothermal-enhanced cascade catalytic reactions, PDA/Fe3 O4 nanozymes can consume endogenous GSH for disrupting cellular redox homeostasis and simultaneously provide abundant H2 O2 for improving •OH generation, ultimately enhancing the antibacterial performance of CDT. Such PDA/Fe3 O4 can bind with bacterial cells, and reveals excellent antibacterial property against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Most interestingly, PDA/Fe3 O4 nanozymes can be strongly retained in infected sites by an external magnet for localized long-term in vivo CDT and show minimal toxicity to healthy tissues and organs. This work presents an effective strategy to magnetically retain the therapeutic nanozymes in infected sites for highly efficient CDT with good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Luo Hai
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academic of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Minhui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zifeng Tang
- College of Art and Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Le Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dinggeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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Zheng ZY, Xie G, Tan GL, Li L, Liu WL, Li M. Non-covalent modification of low-molecular quinones into iron-based nanoreactors enabling self-sustaining Fenton reaction-mediated chemo-dynamic therapy and resisting macrophage uptake. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Role of Glutathione in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101429. [PMID: 33050144 PMCID: PMC7600400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol present at millimolar concentrations in mammalian tissues. As an important intracellular antioxidant, it acts as a regulator of cellular redox state protecting cells from damage caused by lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and xenobiotics. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of GSH in key signal transduction reactions as a controller of cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, ferroptosis and immune function. Molecular changes in the GSH antioxidant system and disturbances in GSH homeostasis have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. Hence, GSH has both protective and pathogenic roles. Although in healthy cells it is crucial for the removal and detoxification of carcinogens, elevated GSH levels in tumor cells are associated with tumor progression and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, several novel therapies have been developed to target the GSH antioxidant system in tumors as a means for increased response and decreased drug resistance. In this comprehensive review we explore mechanisms of GSH functionalities and different therapeutic approaches that either target GSH directly, indirectly or use GSH-based prodrugs. Consideration is also given to the computational methods used to describe GSH related processes for in silico testing of treatment effects.
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Fruticuline A, a chemically-defined diterpene, exerts antineoplastic effects in vitro and in vivo by multiple mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16477. [PMID: 33020521 PMCID: PMC7536426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been recognized as important bioactive compounds on the basis of their wide biological properties. Here we investigated the antitumor effect and molecular mechanisms of the diterpene Fruticuline A (fruti) from Salvia lachnostachys, in human cancer cell lineages and Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in mice. Fruti reduced MCF-7 and HepG2 proliferation by the reduction of Cyclin D1 levels and decreased NF-κB gene levels in both cell types. Furthermore, fruti also induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, reduced Bcl-2 gene expression and induced necroptosis by increasing Ripk in MCF-7 cells. In mice, fruti prevented tumor development and reduced Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Rela gene levels, and reduced the p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio in tumor tissue. Furthermore, fruti induced necrosis and apoptosis, increased N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and TNF-α levels and reduced IL-10 and Vegf levels in tumor tissue. Collectively, fruti exerts antitumor effects through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, reducing Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 levels. In vitro the apoptosis and necroptosis pathways are involved in the cellular death, whereas in vivo, cells undergo necrosis by increased tumor inflammation and reduction of angiogenesis. Thus, fruticuline A acts in tumor cells by multiple mechanisms and represents a promising molecule for drug development in cancer treatment.
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Microbiome dynamics and genomic determinants of bovine mastitis. Genomics 2020; 112:5188-5203. [PMID: 32966856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The milk of lactating cows presents a complex ecosystem of interconnected microbial communities which can influence the pathophysiology of mastitis. We hypothesized possible dynamic shifts of microbiome composition and genomic features with different pathological conditions of mastitis (Clinical Mastitis; CM, Recurrent CM; RCM, Subclinical Mastitis; SCM). To evaluate this hypothesis, we employed whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) in 20 milk samples (CM, 5; RCM, 6; SCM, 4; H, 5) to unravel the microbiome dynamics, interrelation, and relevant metabolic functions. The WMS data mapped to 442 bacterial, 58 archaeal and 48 viral genomes with distinct variation in microbiome composition (CM > H > RCM > SCM). Furthermore, we identified a number of microbial genomic features, including 333, 304, 183 and 50 virulence factors-associated genes (VFGs) and 48, 31, 11 and 6 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in CM, RCM, SCM, and H-microbiomes, respectively. We also detected different metabolic pathway and functional genes associated with mastitis pathogenesis. Therefore, profiling microbiome dynamics in different conditions of mastitis and associated microbial genomic features contributes to developing microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics for bovine mastitis.
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12
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Cardiac Damage in Anthracyclines Therapy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1081-1097. [PMID: 31928066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their serious side effects, anthracyclines (ANTs) are the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs because of their strong efficacy in both solid and hematological tumors. A major limitation to ANTs clinical application is the severe cardiotoxicity observed both acutely and chronically. The mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction under chemotherapy is mainly dependent on the generation of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which lead to progressive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent Advances: Over the years, the iatrogenic ANTs-induced cardiotoxicity was believed to be simply given by iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species production; however, several experimental data indicate that ANTs may use alternative damaging mechanisms, such as topoisomerase 2β inhibition, inflammation, pyroptosis, immunometabolism, and autophagy. Critical Issues: In this review, we aimed at discussing ANTs-induced cardiac injury from different points of view, updating and focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation, since these pathways are not exclusive or independent from each other but they together importantly contribute to the complexity of ANTs-induced multifactorial cardiotoxicity. Future Directions: A deeper understanding of the mechanistic signaling leading to ANTs side effects could reveal crucial targeting molecules, thus representing strategic knowledge to promote better therapeutic efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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Galán-Vásquez E, Perez-Rueda E. Identification of Modules With Similar Gene Regulation and Metabolic Functions Based on Co-expression Data. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:139. [PMID: 31921888 PMCID: PMC6929668 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems respond to environmental perturbations and to a large diversity of compounds through gene interactions, and these genetic factors comprise complex networks. In particular, a wide variety of gene co-expression networks have been constructed in recent years thanks to the dramatic increase of experimental information obtained with techniques, such as microarrays and RNA sequencing. These networks allow the identification of groups of co-expressed genes that can function in the same process and, in turn, these networks may be related to biological functions of industrial, medical and academic interest. In this study, gene co-expression networks for 17 bacterial organisms from the COLOMBOS database were analyzed via weighted gene co-expression network analysis and clustered into modules of genes with similar expression patterns for each species. These networks were analyzed to determine relevant modules through a hypergeometric approach based on a set of transcription factors and enzymes for each genome. The richest modules were characterized using PFAM families and KEGG metabolic maps. Additionally, we conducted a Gene Ontology analysis for enrichment of biological functions. Finally, we identified modules that shared similarity through all the studied organisms by using comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Galán-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatización, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Perez-Rueda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.,Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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