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Li S, Guan T, Lv H, Cai Y, Cao W, Zhang Z, Song H, Cao H, Guan X. Fabrication of diosmin loaded food-grade bilayer nanoparticles with modified chitosan and soy peptides and antioxidant properties examination. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101237. [PMID: 38426075 PMCID: PMC10902142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a flavonoid derived from plants, possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and cardiovascular protective properties. However, diosmin has low solubility in water, leading to low bioavailability. In this study, we constructed bilayer nanoparticles with trimethyl chitosan and soy peptides to improve the oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of diosmin, and determined the characteristics and antioxidant properties of the diosmin-loaded nanoparticles. The results showed that the size of the nanoparticles was around 250 nm with the encapsulation efficiency higher than 97 %, and the nanoparticles were stable under regular conditions. In vitro digestion suggested the nanoparticles could protect diosmin from releasing in gastric digestion but promote the bioaccessibility of diosmin in intestine. Furthermore, the diosmin-loaded nanoparticles presented excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and significantly decreased the Lipopolysaccharides-induced brain Malondialdehyde (MDA) level by oral administration. Therefore, the reported nanoparticles may be an effective platform for improving the oral bioavailability of diosmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tong Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongyan Lv
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuwei Cai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wanqing Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongdong Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
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2
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Jayakumar J, Vinod V, Arumugam T, Sathy BN, Biswas L, Kumar VA, Biswas R. Efficacy of Lysostaphin functionalized silicon catheter for the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128547. [PMID: 38048926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus readily forms biofilms on tissue and indwelling catheter surfaces. These biofilms are resistant to antibiotics. Consequently, effective prevention and treatment strategies against staphylococcal biofilms are actively being pursued over the past two decades. One of the proposed strategies involve the incorporation of antibiotics and antiseptics into catheters, however, a persistent concern regarding the possible emergence of antimicrobial resistance is associated with these medical devices. In this study, we developed two types of silicone catheters: one with Lysostaphin (Lst) adsorbed onto the surface, and the other with Lst functionalized on the surface. To confirm the presence of Lst protein on the catheter surface, we conducted FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDS analysis. Both catheters exhibited hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, and demonstrated antimicrobial and biofilm prevention activities against both methicillin-sensitive and resistant strains of S. aureus. Furthermore, the silicone catheters that were surface-functionalized with Lst showed substantially better and more persistent anti-biofilm effects when compared to the catheters where Lst was surface-adsorbed, both under in vitro static and flow conditions, as well as in vivo in BALB/c mice. These results indicate that surface-functionalized Lst catheters have the potential to serve as a promising new medical device for preventing S. aureus biofilm infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Jayakumar
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek Vinod
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Thennavan Arumugam
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Binulal Nelson Sathy
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Lalitha Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India.
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3
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Morris SD, Kumar VA, Biswas R, Mohan CG. Identification of a Staphylococcus aureus amidase catalytic domain inhibitor to prevent biofilm formation by sequential virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127842. [PMID: 37924909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the common causes of implant associated biofilm infections and their biofilms are resistant to antibiotics. S. aureus amidase (AM) protein, a cell wall hydrolase that cleaves the amide bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine residue of the stem peptide, is several fold over-expressed under biofilm conditions. Previous studies demonstrated an autolysin mutant in S. aureus that lacks the AM protein, is highly impaired in biofilm development. We carried out a structure-based small molecule design using the crystal structure of AM protein catalytic domain to identify inhibitors that can block amidase activity and therefore inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation. Sequential virtual screening followed by pharmacokinetic analysis and bioassay studies filtered 25 small molecules from different databases. Two compounds from the SPECS database, SPECS-1 and SPECS-2, were selected based on the best docking score and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration towards S. aureus biofilms. SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 were further tested for their structural/energetic stability in complex with the AM protein using molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA techniques. In vitro, biofilm inhibition studies on different surfaces confirmed that treatment with SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 at a concentration of 250 μg/ml exhibited significant prevention and disruption of S. aureus biofilms. Finally, the in vitro anti-biofilm activities of these two compounds were validated against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates. We concluded that the discovered compounds SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 are safe and exhibit biofilm preventive and disruption activity for inhibiting the S. aureus biofilms and hence can be used to treat implant-associated biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Morris
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
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4
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Malczak I, Gajda A. Interactions of naturally occurring compounds with antimicrobials. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1452-1470. [PMID: 38223447 PMCID: PMC10785267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most often used medications in human healthcare and agriculture. Overusing these substances can lead to complications such as increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria or a toxic effect when administering large amounts. To solve these problems, new solutions in antibacterial therapy are needed. The use of natural products in medicine has been known for centuries. Some of them have antibacterial activity, hence the idea to combine their activity with commercial antibiotics to reduce the latter's use. This review presents collected information on natural compounds (terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sulfoxides, and mycotoxins), of which various drug interactions have been observed. Many of the indicated compounds show synergistic or additive interactions with antibiotics, which suggests their potential for use in antibacterial therapy, reducing the toxicity of the antibiotics used and the risk of further development of bacterial resistance. Unfortunately, there are also compounds which interact antagonistically, potentially hindering the therapy of bacterial infection. Depending on its mechanism of action, each compound can behave differently in combination with different antibiotics and when acting against various bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Malczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Poland
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5
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Kuttappan S, Bhowmik R, Gopi Mohan C. Probing the origins of programmed death ligand-1 inhibition by implementing machine learning-assisted sequential virtual screening techniques. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10697-5. [PMID: 37470920 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1 is a key immunotarget involved in binding to its receptor PD-1. PD-L1/PD-1 interface blocking using antibodies (or small molecules) is the central area of interest for tumor suppression in various cancers. Blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in the tumor cells results in its immune activation and destruction, and thereby restoring the T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. The active binding site interface residues of PD-L1/PD-1 were experimentally known and proven by structural biology and site-directed mutagenesis studies. Structure-based molecular design technique was employed to identify the inhibitors for blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 interface. Nine hits to leads were identified from the SPECS small molecule database by machine learning, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Following this, a machine learning-assisted QSAR modeling approach was implemented using ChEMBL database to gain insights into the inhibitory potential of PD-L1 inhibitors and predict the activity of our previously screened nine hit molecules. The best leads identified in the present study bind strongly with the active sites of PD-L1/PD-1 interface residues, which include A121, M115, I116, S117, I54, Y56, D122, and Y123. These computational leads are considered promising molecules for further in vitro and in vivo analysis to be developed as potential PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors to cure different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Kuttappan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala State, 682 041, India
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ratul Bhowmik
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala State, 682 041, India
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala State, 682 041, India.
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6
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Sharma K, Ahmed F, Sharma T, Grover A, Agarwal M, Grover S. Potential Repurposed Drug Candidates for Tuberculosis Treatment: Progress and Update of Drugs Identified in Over a Decade. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17362-17380. [PMID: 37251185 PMCID: PMC10210030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of Tuberculosis (TB) has been a menace to mankind for decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB mortality up to 95% and 90% of overall TB cases worldwide, by 2035. This incessant urge will be achieved with a breakthrough in either a new TB vaccine or novel drugs with higher efficacy. However, the development of novel drugs is a laborious process involving a timeline of almost 20-30 years with huge expenditure; on the other hand, repurposing previously approved drugs is a viable technique for overcoming current bottlenecks in the identification of new anti-TB agents. The present comprehensive review discusses the progress of almost all the repurposed drugs that have been identified to the present day (∼100) and are in the development or clinical testing phase against TB. We have also emphasized the efficacy of repurposed drugs in combination with already available frontline anti-TB medications along with the scope of future investigations. This study would provide the researchers a detailed overview of nearly all identified anti-TB repurposed drugs and may assist them in selecting the lead compounds for further in vivo/clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Sharma
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tarina Sharma
- New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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7
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Diosmin prophylaxis reduces gentamicin-induced kidney damage in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:63-71. [PMID: 36121447 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin is an essential aminoglycoside antibiotic, but it is only used to treat severe bacterial infections due to its high nephrotoxicity in patients. We evaluated the preventive effects of diosmin (as a natural ingredient) on gentamicin-related kidney damage in rats. In this research, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, gentamicin (100 mg/kg (i.p.), daily for 1 week), gentamicin plus diosmin (50 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 2 weeks), and diosmin (50 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 2 weeks). After the final gavage, blood samples were collected for the determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Kidneys are used for biochemical, inflammatory, and histological tests. The concentrations of creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were significantly increased. But, the level of glutathione and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased during treatment with gentamicin. On the other hand, the concentrations of creatinine, BUN, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly reduced, and the glutathione level, activities of catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased via co-administration with diosmin. Diosmin had ameliorative impacts against gentamicin-related kidney injury due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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8
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Verma AK, Ahmed SF, Hossain MS, Bhojiya AA, Mathur A, Upadhyay SK, Srivastava AK, Vishvakarma NK, Barik M, Rahaman MM, Bahadur NM. Molecular docking and simulation studies of flavonoid compounds against PBP-2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10561-10577. [PMID: 34243699 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1944911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a pathogenic bacterium that causes life-threatening outbreaks such as community-onset and nosocomial infections as emerging 'superbug'. Time and motion study of its virulent property developed resistance against most of the antibiotics such as Vancomycin. Thereby, to curb this problem entails the development of new therapeutic agents. Plant-derived antimicrobial agents have recently piqued people's interest, so in this research, 186 flavonoids compound selected to unmask the best candidates that can act as potent inhibitors against the Penicillin Binding Protein-2a (PBP-2a) of MRSA. Molecular docking performed using PyRx and GOLD suite to determine the binding affinities and interactions between the phytochemicals and the PBP-2a. The selected candidates strongly interact with the different amino acid residues. The 30 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with five top-ranked compounds such as Naringin, Hesperidin, Neohesperidin, Didymin and Icariin validated the docking interactions. These findings are also strongly supported by root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation and the radius of gyration. ADME/T analysis demonstrates that these candidates appear to be safer inhibitors. Our findings point to natural flavonoids as a promising and readily available source of adjuvant antimicrobial therapy against resistant strains in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sk Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankita Mathur
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mayadhar Barik
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India.,Research Section, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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9
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Zhang B, Zhao M, Tian J, Lei L, Huang R. Novel antimicrobial agents targeting the Streptococcus mutans biofilms discovery through computer technology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1065235. [PMID: 36530419 PMCID: PMC9751416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1065235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-associated infectious diseases worldwide. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is well recognized as the major causative factor of dental caries due to its acidogenicity, aciduricity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) synthesis ability. The EPSs have been considered as a virulent factor of cariogenic biofilm, which enhance biofilms resistance to antimicrobial agents and virulence compared with planktonic bacterial cells. The traditional anti-caries therapies, such as chlorhexidine and antibiotics are characterized by side-effects and drug resistance. With the development of computer technology, several novel approaches are being used to synthesize or discover antimicrobial agents. In this mini review, we summarized the novel antimicrobial agents targeting the S. mutans biofilms discovery through computer technology. Drug repurposing of small molecules expands the original medical indications and lowers drug development costs and risks. The computer-aided drug design (CADD) has been used for identifying compounds with optimal interactions with the target via silico screening and computational methods. The synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) based on the rational design, computational design or high-throughput screening have shown increased selectivity for both single- and multi-species biofilms. These methods provide potential therapeutic agents to promote targeted control of the oral microbial biofilms in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Lei Lei, ; Ruizhe Huang,
| | - Ruizhe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Lei Lei, ; Ruizhe Huang,
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10
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Mustafa S, Akbar M, Khan MA, Sunita K, Parveen S, Pawar JS, Massey S, Agarwal NR, Husain SA. Plant metabolite diosmin as the therapeutic agent in human diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100122. [PMID: 36568270 PMCID: PMC9780066 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived flavonoids have been the focus of research for many years mainly in the last decade owing to their therapeutic properties. So far, about 4000 flavonoids have been identified from plants and diosmin (a flavone glycoside) is one of them. Online databases, previous studies, and reviews have been used to gather information on anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-parasitic, and anti-microbialproperties of diosmin. Effects of diosmin in combination with other flavonoids have been reviewed thoroughly and its administrative routes are also summarized. Additionally, we studied the effect of diosmin on critical protein networks. It exhibits therapeutic effects in diabetes and its associated complications such as neuropathy and dyslipidemia. Combination of diosmin with hesperidin is found to be very effective in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and haemorrhoids. Diosmin is an exquisite therapeutic agent alone as well as in combination with other flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mustafa
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- DDU Kaushal Kendra, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mahmood Akbar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shabana Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, 405, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nupur Rani Agarwal
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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11
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Shariff M, Chatterjee M, Morris SD, Paul V, Anil Kumar V, Mohan CG, Paul-Prasanth B, Biswas R. Enhanced inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor production and biofilm development by sublethal concentrations of eugenol and phenyllactic acid. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1336-1345. [PMID: 35962588 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm development in P. aeruginosa is regulated by its quorum sensing (QS) systems. It has three major QS systems: LasI/R, RhlI/R, and PQS/MvfR. Previous studies showed that phenyllactic acid (PLA) binds to RhlR and PqsR and inhibits the Rhl and PQS QS; and eugenol at sublethal concentration inhibits Las and PQS QS systems. Here, we have demonstrated that a combination of sublethal doses of eugenol and PLA enhanced the inhibition of the QS mediated production of the virulence factors and biofilm development of this pathogen. A combination of 50 μM eugenol and 0.3 mM PLA significantly inhibited the pyocyanin production, protease activity, swarming motility and cytotoxic activities of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, whereas eugenol and PLA when added individually to PAO1 cultures were less effective in inhibiting its virulence factor expression. Biofilm formation of PAO1 was reduced by 32, 19 and 87% on glass surfaces; and 54%, 49% and 93% on catheter surfaces when treated using 50 μM eugenol or 0.3 mM PLA and their combinations, respectively. The in vitro finding in the reduction of biofilm development was further validated in vivo using a catheter associated medaka fish biofilm model. Our results indicate that a combination of QS inhibitors targeting different QS pathways should be selected while designing therapeutic molecules to achieve maximum QS mediated biofilm inhibition and clinical outcome against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shariff
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sharon D Morris
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Vinod Paul
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS - Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
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12
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Potential and Therapeutic Roles of Diosmin in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051076. [PMID: 35625813 PMCID: PMC9138579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their medicinal characteristics, effectiveness, and importance, plant-derived flavonoids have been a possible subject of research for many years, particularly in the last decade. Plants contain a huge number of flavonoids, and Diosmin, a flavone glycoside, is one of them. Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have validated Diosmin’s extensive range of biological capabilities which present antioxidative, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiulcer properties. We have presented this review work because of the greater biological properties and influences of Diosmin. We have provided a brief overview of Diosmin, its pharmacology, major biological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anticardiovascular, liver protection, and neuroprotection, therapeutic approach, potential Diosmin targets, and pathways that are known to be associated with it.
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13
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Melge AR, Parate S, Pavithran K, Koyakutty M, Mohan CG. Discovery of Anticancer Hybrid Molecules by Supervised Machine Learning Models and in Vitro Validation in Drug Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1126-1146. [PMID: 35172577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of hybrid drugs for targeting multiple aberrant pathways of cancer, by combining the key pharmacophores of clinically approved single-targeted drugs, has emerged as a promising approach for overcoming drug-resistance. Here, we report the design of unique hybrid molecules by combining the two pharmacophores of clinically approved BCR-ABL inhibitor (ponatinib) and HDAC inhibitor (vorinostat) and results of in vitro studies in drug-resistant CML cells. Robust 2D-QSAR and 3D-pharmacophore machine learning supervised models were developed for virtual screening of the hybrid molecules based on their predicted BCR-ABL and HDAC inhibitory activity. The developed 2D-QSAR model showed five information rich molecular descriptors while the 3D-pharmacophore model of BCR-ABL showed five different chemical features (hydrogen bond acceptor, donor, hydrophobic group, positive ion group, and aromatic rings) and the HDAC model showed four different chemical features (hydrogen bond acceptor, donor, positive ion group, and aromatic rings) for potent BCR-ABL and HDAC inhibition. Virtual screening of the 16 designed hybrid molecules identified FP7 and FP10 with better potential of inhibitory activity. FP7 was the most effective molecule with predicted IC50 using the BCR-ABL based 2D-QSAR model of 0.005 μM and that of the HDAC model of 0.153 μM, and that using the BCR-ABL based 3D-pharmacophore model was 0.02 μM and that with HDAC model was 0.014 μM. In vitro study (dose-response relationship) of FP7 in wild type and imatinib-resistant CML cell lines harboring Thr315Ile or Tyr253His mutations showed growth inhibitory IC50 values of 0.000 16, 0.0039, and 0.01 μM, respectively. This molecule also showed better biocompatibility when tested in whole blood and in PBMCs as compared to ponatinib or vorinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu R Melge
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Shraddha Parate
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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14
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Haldar R, Narayanan SJ. A novel ensemble based recommendation approach using network based analysis for identification of effective drugs for Tuberculosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:873-891. [PMID: 34903017 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease which affected millions of people worldwide for many decades and now with mutating drug resistant strains, it poses bigger challenges in treatment of the patients. Computational techniques might play a crucial role in rapidly developing new or modified anti-tuberculosis drugs which can tackle these mutating strains of TB. This research work applied a computational approach to generate a unique recommendation list of possible TB drugs as an alternate to a popular drug, EMB, by first securing an initial list of drugs from a popular online database, PubChem, and thereafter applying an ensemble of ranking mechanisms. As a novelty, both the pharmacokinetic properties and some network based attributes of the chemical structure of the drugs are considered for generating separate recommendation lists. The work also provides customized modifications on a popular and traditional ensemble ranking technique to cater to the specific dataset and requirements. The final recommendation list provides established chemical structures along with their ranks, which could be used as alternatives to EMB. It is believed that the incorporation of both pharmacokinetic and network based properties in the ensemble ranking process added to the effectiveness and relevance of the final recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishin Haldar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Jamjala Narayanan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Khamchun S, Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Dual modulatory effects of diosmin on calcium oxalate kidney stone formation processes: Crystallization, growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, internalization into renal tubular cells, and invasion through extracellular matrix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111903. [PMID: 34328112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a natural flavone glycoside (bioflavonoid) found in fruits and plants with several pharmacological activities. It has been widely used as a dietary supplement or therapeutic agent in various diseases/disorders. Although recommended, evidence of its protective mechanisms against kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis), especially calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate (COM) that is the most common type, remained unclear. In this study, we thus systematically evaluated the effects of diosmin (at 2.5-160 nM) on various stages of kidney stone formation processes, including COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, internalization into renal tubular cells and invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM). The results showed that diosmin had dose-dependent modulatory effects on all the mentioned COM kidney stone processes. Diosmin significantly increased COM crystal number and mass during crystallization, but reduced crystal size and growth. While diosmin promoted crystal aggregation, it inhibited crystal-cell adhesion and internalization into renal tubular cells. Finally, diosmin promoted crystal invasion through the ECM. Our data provide evidence demonstrating both inhibiting and promoting effects of diosmin on COM kidney stone formation processes. Based on these dual modulatory activities of diosmin, its anti-urolithiasis role is doubtful and cautions should be made for its use in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Khamchun
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; Unit of Excellence in Integrative Molecular Biomedicine, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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16
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Raj S, Vinod V, Jayakumar J, Suresh P, Kumar A, Biswas R. Antifungal activity of Syzygium samarangense leaf extracts against Candida. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:31-38. [PMID: 33735468 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens that cause acute and chronic infections against which only few antifungal agents are available. Here we have elucidated the antifungal effect of Syzygium samarangense leaf extracts (SSLE). Antifungal activity of SSLE was studied against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. auris and C. tropicalis. Following experiments were performed: minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) determination, agar well disc diffusion assays, fungal morphology analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), ex vivo fungal survival assays on porcine tongue and skin and in vivo fungal survival assays using Drosophila melanogaster fly model. Results demonstrated MFC of SSLE ranges between 100 and 125 mg ml-1 . SEM images showed cell wall degradation of C. albicans when treated with SSLE. Around 75% decrease in C. albicans viability was observed when infected porcine tongue and skin were treated using SSLE. The C. albicans infected D. melanogaster when fed with SSLE showed significant decrease (around 80%) of fungal count than the infected control. Furthermore, agar plate disc diffusion assays demonstrated that the antifungal activity of SSLE could be due to chalcone, which is one of the active constituents in SSLE. Our study demonstrated that SSLE could be used for the topical treatment of Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raj
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V Vinod
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - J Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P Suresh
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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17
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Pushkaran AC, Nath En P, Melge AR, Puthiyedath R, Mohan CG. A phytochemical-based medication search for the SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular docking models towards spike glycoproteins and main proteases. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12003-12014. [PMID: 35423778 PMCID: PMC8696622 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying best bioactive phytochemicals from different medicinal plants using molecular docking techniques demonstrates a potential pre-clinical compound discovery against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The in silico screening of bioactive phytochemicals with the two druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 by simple precision/extra precision molecular docking methods was used to compute binding affinity at its active sites. phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytocompounds showed a better binding affinity range (-9.0 to -8.0 kcal mol-1) towards both these SARS-CoV-2 targets; the corresponding active site residues in the spike protein were predicted as: Y453, Q496, Q498, N501, Y449, Q493, G496, T500, Y505, L455, Q493, and K417; and Mpro: Q189, H164, H163, P168, H41, L167, Q192, M165, C145, Y54, M49, and Q189. Molecular dynamics simulation further established the structural and energetic stability of protein-phytocompound complexes and their interactions with their key residues supporting the molecular docking analysis. Protein-protein docking using ZDOCK and Prodigy server predicted the binding pose and affinity (-13.8 kcal mol-1) of the spike glycoprotein towards the human ACE2 enzyme and also showed significant structural variations in the ACE2 recognition site upon the binding of phyllaemblicin C compound at their binding interface. The phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytochemicals can be potential inhibitors of both the spike and Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2; furthermore, its pharmacology and clinical optimization would lead towards novel COVID-19 small-molecule therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Choorakottayil Pushkaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | - Prajeesh Nath En
- Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam 690525 Kerala India
| | - Anu R Melge
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | | | - C Gopi Mohan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
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18
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Lee C, Bhakta S. The Prospect of Repurposing Immunomodulatory Drugs for Adjunctive Chemotherapy against Tuberculosis: A Critical Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:91. [PMID: 33477812 PMCID: PMC7832907 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health emergency, with an estimated 2 billion people infected across the world, and 1.4 million people dying to this disease every year. Many aspects of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, make this disease difficult for healthcare and laboratory researchers to fight against, such as unique pathophysiology, latent infection and long and complex treatment regimens, thus causing patient non-compliance with the treatment. Development of new drugs is critical for tackling these problems. Repurposing drugs is a promising strategy for generating an effective drug treatment whilst circumventing many of the challenges of conventional drug development. In this regard, the incorporation of immunomodulatory drugs into the standard regimen to potentiate frontline drugs is found to be highly appealing. Drugs of diverse chemical classes and drug categories are increasingly being evidenced to possess antitubercular activity, both in vitro and in vivo. This article explores and discusses the molecular entities that have shown promise in being repurposed for use in anti-TB adjunctive therapy and aims to provide the most up-to-date picture of their progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK;
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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19
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Vinod V, Pushkaran AC, Kumar A, Mohan CG, Biswas R. Interaction mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroEL2 protein with macrophage Lectin-like, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1: An integrated computational and experimental study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129758. [PMID: 33031906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial surface proteins act as potential adhesins or invasins. The GroEL is a signal peptide-free surface expressed protein that aids adhesion in Escherichia coli by binding to LOX-1 receptor of the host cells. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) expresses GroEL2 protein, having high level sequence identity with E. coli GroEL. This study investigates the interaction mechanism of GroEL2 protein of Mtb with LOX-1 of macrophages using integrated computational and experimental approach. METHODS Mtb GroEL2 protein was purified as histidine tagged protein using Ni-NTA chromatography. Confocal and scanning electron microscopies were used to study the uptake of GroEL2 coated fluorescent latex beads through the LOX-1 receptor in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Docking studies were performed to understand the interaction between the GroEL2 and LOX-1 proteins. Polyinosinic acid (PIA) was used as a LOX-1 inhibitor in both in silico and in vitro experiments. RESULTS GroEL2 protein coating enhances uptake of latex beads into macrophages through LOX-1 receptor. LOX-1 inhibitor PIA decreased the uptake of GroEL2 coated latex beads. GroEL2 interacts with the key ligand binding regions of the LOX-1 receptor, such as the basic spine and the saddle hydrophobic patch. PIA molecule destabilized the LOX-1-GroEL2 docked complex. CONCLUSION Surface associated GroEL2 protein of Mtb is a potential ligand for macrophage LOX-1 receptor. Interaction between GroEL2 and LOX-1 receptor may be utilized by Mtb to gain its intracellular access. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface associated GroEL2 of Mtb may bind to the macrophage LOX-1 receptor, enabling the internalization of the bacteria and progression of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vinod
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anju Choorakottayil Pushkaran
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Chethampadi Gopi Mohan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India..
| | - Raja Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India..
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20
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Alhadrami HA, Hamed AA, Hassan HM, Belbahri L, Rateb ME, Sayed AM. Flavonoids as Potential anti-MRSA Agents through Modulation of PBP2a: A Computational and Experimental Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090562. [PMID: 32878266 PMCID: PMC7559925 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in plant-derived antimicrobial agents has increased. However, there are no sufficient studies dealing with their modes of action. Herein, we investigate an in-house library of common plant-based phenolic compounds for their potential antibacterial effects against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a widespread life-threatening superbug. Flavonoids, which are considered major constituents in the plant kingdom, were found to be a promising class of compounds against MRSA, particularly the non-glycosylated ones. On the other hand, the glycosylated derivatives, along with the flavonolignan silibinin A, were able to restore the inhibitory activity of ampicillin against MRSA. To explore the mode of action of this class, they were subjected to an extensive inverse virtual screening (IVS), which suggested penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) as a possible target that mediates both the antibacterial and the antibiotic-synergistic effects of this class of compounds. Further molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation experiments were conducted to support the primary IVS and the in vitro results and to study their binding modes with PBP2a. Our findings shed a light on plant-derived natural products, notably flavonoids, as a promising and readily available source for future adjuvant antimicrobial therapy against resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.); (A.M.S.)
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21
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Rampacci E, Stefanetti V, Passamonti F, Henao-Tamayo M. Preclinical Models of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection for Early Drug Discovery and Vaccine Research. Pathogens 2020; 9:E641. [PMID: 32781698 PMCID: PMC7459799 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent an increasingly prevalent etiology of soft tissue infections in animals and humans. NTM are widely distributed in the environment and while, for the most part, they behave as saprophytic organisms, in certain situations, they can be pathogenic, so much so that the incidence of NTM infections has surpassed that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in developed countries. As a result, a growing body of the literature has focused attention on the critical role that drug susceptibility tests and infection models play in the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies against NTM diseases. This paper is an overview of the in vitro and in vivo models of NTM infection employed in the preclinical phase for early drug discovery and vaccine development. It summarizes alternative methods, not fully explored, for the characterization of anti-mycobacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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22
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Potential anti-TB investigational compounds and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy: a conspectus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5633-5662. [PMID: 32372202 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest WHO report estimates about 1.6 million global deaths annually from TB, which is further exacerbated by drug-resistant (DR) TB and comorbidities with diabetes and HIV. Exiguous dosing, incomplete treatment course, and the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to tolerate and survive current first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, in either their latent state or active state, has resulted in an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB). Although a better understanding of the TB microanatomy, genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, has resulted in the discovery of a few novel promising anti-TB drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers of late, no new anti-TB drug candidates have been approved for routine therapy in over 50 years, with only bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid recently receiving tentative regulatory approval. Considering this, alternative approaches for identifying possible new anti-TB drug candidates, for effectively eradicating both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are still urgently required. Subsequently, several antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs with known treatment indications (TB targeted and non-TB targeted) are now being repurposed and/or derivatized as novel antibiotics for possible use in TB therapy. Insights gathered here reveal that more studies focused on drug-drug interactions between licensed and potential lead anti-TB drug candidates need to be prioritized. This write-up encapsulates the most recent findings regarding investigational compounds with promising anti-TB potential and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy.
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23
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Metabolism and pharmacological activities of the natural health-benefiting compound diosmin. Food Funct 2020; 11:8472-8492. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin is a famous natural flavonoid for treating chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- China
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Vinod V, Vijayrajratnam S, Vasudevan AK, Biswas R. The cell surface adhesins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2019; 232:126392. [PMID: 31841935 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cell surface adhesins play a major role in facilitating host colonization and subsequent establishment of infection. The surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, owing to the complex architecture of its cell envelope, expresses numerous adhesins with varied chemical nature, including proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins and glycopolymers. Studies on mycobacterial adhesins show that they bind with multifarious host receptors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In this review we have highlighted the adhesins that are abundantly present on the mycobacterial surface and their interactions with host receptors. M. tuberculosis interacts with various host cell surface receptors such as toll like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, scavenger receptors, and Fc and complement receptors. Apart from these, ECM components like fibronectin, collagen, elastin, laminin, fibrillin and vitronectin also provide binding sites for surface adhesins of the tubercle bacilli. M. tuberculosis adhesins include proteins with and without signal peptide sequence and transmembrane proteins. Other surface adhesin macromolecules of M. tuberculosis comprises of lipids, glycolipids and glycopolymers. The interaction between the mycobacterial adhesins and their host receptors result in adhesion of the microbe to the host cells, induction of immune response and aid in the pathogenesis of the disease. A thorough understanding of the different M. tuberculosis surface adhesins and host receptors will provide a better picture of interaction between them at molecular level. The information gained on adhesins and host receptors will prove beneficial in developing novel therapeutic strategies such as the use of anti-adhesin molecules to hinder the adhesion of bacteria to the host cells, thereby preventing establishment of infection. The surface molecules discussed in this review will also benefit in identification of new drug targets, diagnostic markers or vaccine candidates against the deadly pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vinod
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita School of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Sukhithasri Vijayrajratnam
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita School of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kumar Vasudevan
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita School of Medical Sciences and Research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India.
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