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Anti-Tumor Effects of Engineered VNP20009-Abvec-Igκ-mPD-1 Strain in Melanoma Mice via Combining the Oncolytic Therapy and Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122789. [PMID: 36559282 PMCID: PMC9781615 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1/Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most promising treatments for malignant tumors currently, but the low response rate limits their further clinical utilization. To address this problem, our group constructed an engineered strain of VNP20009-Abvec-Igκ-mPD-1 [V-A-mPD-1 (mPD-1, murine PD-1)] to combine oncolytic bacterial therapy with immunotherapy. Further, we evaluated its growth performance and mPD-1 expression ability in vitro while establishing the melanoma mice model to explore its potential anti-cancer effects in tumor therapy. Our results indicated that the V-A-mPD-1 strain has superior growth performance and can invade B16F10 melanoma cells and express PD-1. In addition, in the melanoma mice model, we observed a marked reduction in tumor volume and the formation of a larger necrotic area. V-A-mPD-1 administration resulted in a high expression of mPD-1 at the tumor site, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation via the down-regulation of the expression of rat sarcoma (Ras), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MEK)/MEK, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/ERK expression significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Tumor cell apoptosis was promoted by down-regulating phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, as evidenced by an increased Bcl-2-associated X protein/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bax/Bcl-2) expression ratio. Meanwhile, the expression levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were substantially reduced. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that V-A-mPD-1 has an excellent anti-tumor effect, prompting that the combined application of microbial therapy and immunotherapy is a feasible cancer treatment strategy.
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Gupta Y, Sharma N, Singh S, Romero JG, Rajendran V, Mogire RM, Kashif M, Beach J, Jeske W, Poonam, Ogutu BR, Kanzok SM, Akala HM, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Rademacher DJ, Durvasula R, Singh AP, Rathi B, Kempaiah P. The Multistage Antimalarial Compound Calxinin Perturbates P. falciparum Ca 2+ Homeostasis by Targeting a Unique Ion Channel. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1371. [PMID: 35890267 PMCID: PMC9319510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria elimination urgently needs novel antimalarial therapies that transcend resistance, toxicity, and high costs. Our multicentric international collaborative team focuses on developing multistage antimalarials that exhibit novel mechanisms of action. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel multistage antimalarial compound, 'Calxinin'. A compound that consists of hydroxyethylamine (HEA) and trifluoromethyl-benzyl-piperazine. Calxinin exhibits potent inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against the asexual blood stages of drug-sensitive (3D7), multidrug-resistant (Dd2), artemisinin-resistant (IPC4912), and fresh Kenyan field isolated Plasmodium falciparum strains. Calxinin treatment resulted in diminished maturation of parasite sexual precursor cells (gametocytes) accompanied by distorted parasite morphology. Further, in vitro liver-stage testing with a mouse model showed reduced parasite load at an IC50 of 79 nM. A single dose (10 mg/kg) of Calxinin resulted in a 30% reduction in parasitemia in mice infected with a chloroquine-resistant strain of the rodent parasite P. berghei. The ex vivo ookinete inhibitory concentration within mosquito gut IC50 was 150 nM. Cellular in vitro toxicity assays in the primary and immortalized human cell lines did not show cytotoxicity. A computational protein target identification pipeline identified a putative P. falciparum membrane protein (Pf3D7_1313500) involved in parasite calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis as a potential Calxinin target. This highly conserved protein is related to the family of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP-ML). Target validation experiments showed that exposure of parasitized RBCs (pRBCs) to Calxinin induces a rapid release of intracellular Ca2+ from pRBCs; leaving de-calcinated parasites trapped in RBCs. Overall, we demonstrated that Calxinin is a promising antimalarial lead compound with a novel mechanism of action and with potential therapeutic, prophylactic, and transmission-blocking properties against parasites resistant to current antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Neha Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jesus G. Romero
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1040, Venezuela
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India;
| | - Reagan M. Mogire
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; (M.K.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Jordan Beach
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Walter Jeske
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Poonam
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India;
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Bernhards R. Ogutu
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Stefan M. Kanzok
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA;
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- Centre Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya; (R.M.M.); (B.R.O.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Jennifer Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - David J. Rademacher
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA; (J.G.R.); (J.B.); (W.J.); (D.J.R.)
- Core Imaging Facility and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ravi Durvasula
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Agam P. Singh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; (M.K.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (N.S.); (S.S.)
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prakasha Kempaiah
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (Y.G.); (R.D.)
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El-Desouky MG, El-Bindary AA, El-Afify MAM, Hassan N. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculation, DNA binding, molecular docking, anticovid-19 and anticancer chelation studies of some transition metal complexes. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2047072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. El-Desouky
- Laboratory Department Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company, Port Said, Egypt
| | - A. A. El-Bindary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - M. A. M. El-Afify
- Laboratory Department Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company, Port Said, Egypt
| | - N. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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Berries anthocyanins as potential SARS-CoV–2 inhibitors targeting the viral attachment and replication; molecular docking simulation. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM 2021; 30. [PMCID: PMC7825908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The viral respiratory disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has turned into a global health concern. Till now, there is no drug or vaccine has yet been specifically approved for SARS-CoV-2. One of the urgent solutions against the recent COVID-19 disease is the use of dietary molecules, which can be found abundantly in functional food. In the current study, we have conducted a molecular docking approach for eighteen dietary molecules belong to the subclass of anthocyanins, as potential inhibitors of the main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Both selected targets, playing a vital role in attachment and replication of the virus. The results indicated that cyanidin-3-arabinoside exhibited the lowest binding energy and located onto the pocket through a sufficient number of hydrogen bonds with the main protease virus. However, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-rhamnoside display significant binding energy with the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. All compounds mentioned above shown high drug-likeness and fulfils the Lipinski’s rule of five, as well as confer favorable toxicity parameters, in addition to ADME values. Considering the obtained results, regular consumption of berry fruits, which are rich in anthocyanin compounds, should be supportive to inhibit viral infectious by reducing of propagation and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV–2.
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El-Hoshoudy AN. Investigating the potential antiviral activity drugs against SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking simulation. J Mol Liq 2020; 318:113968. [PMID: 32839634 PMCID: PMC7399655 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, scary viral pneumonia is known as (COVID-19) has swept the whole world. The new virus strain designated as SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronavirus family. Although the current medical research directed towards the development of a novel therapeutic agent, no anti-viral drug approved until now. On the medical scale, the development of an approved drug is a time-consuming process, so research is directed towards screening of ligands and drugs multimodal structure-based-design and then docked to the main viral protease to investigate the active binding sites. The bioinformatic approaches used to evaluate the competence of a comprehensive range of ligands and drugs before their clinical implementation. In this study, a computational approach through molecular docking simulation is conducted for screening the antiviral activity of drugs, natural sources, and inhibitory compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The main virus protease was collected from a Protein Data Bank (PDB# 6YB7) and docked with a sequence of 19 approved antiviral drugs, 10 natural inhibitory ligands against COVID-19 downloaded from PubChem, in addition to 10 natural sources optimized for Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to identify the antiviral activity of these candidates against COVID-19. The docking results were promised and indicated that the reported ligands can firmly bind to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and leads to inhibition of its infectious impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N El-Hoshoudy
- Computational Chemistry Group, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 11727 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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